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Computer ScienceYear 8

Computer Hardware

Contents1) Lesson 1 Input output and storage

devices2) Lesson 2 System and application software3) Lesson 3 Computer Components 4) Lesson 4 The history of computers 5) Lesson 5 Logic Gates pt.16) Lesson 6 RAM and ROM7) Lesson 7 Logic Gates pt.28) Lesson 8 Input and Output Devices pt.29) Answers

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HOW CAN PARENTS HELP?

1. Ensure your child has completed all of the tasks by reviewing their answers with them

2. Have your child read through their previous 2 booklets to ensure that they have consolidated all knowledge appropriately

3. Ensure your child has a deep think about the questions to ask yourself sections

4. Ensure you cooperate with your child’s learning experience by reading the “How can parents help” section of each lesson

5. Review with your child the summarisation of each lesson to help consolidate learning effectively

6. Ensure your child does not rush through each lesson as each lesson has many new concepts and theory they will be unfamiliar with

7. Lastly, please do not pressure your child to finish the booklet at a fast pace as this can confuse and disjoint the learning experience. The booklet is created to last the entire term and so should be approached in such a manner, unless your child is feeling up to the challenge of moving ahead

This website is extremely useful for students who are willing to take their learning further

https://www.computerscience.gcse.guru/topic/hardware-and-software

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https://www.computerscience.gcse.guru/topic/hardware-and-software

The bigger picture

When you started your time at ARK Victoria you learned the basics of input, output and memory devices. This booklet aims to build upon what you know already in preparation for year 9 and then Year 10 GCSE Computer Science.

This lesson will cover a return to input and output devices and educate you on how input and output devices are used in the computing world.

As a parent or career your input into your child's education is of paramount importance.

To ensure your child is working to the best of their ability you can check to and ensure have completed each lessons worksheet effectively. In addition to this you can ensure they have understood the key terms each week by asking them to explain them to you.

1) What is an input device? 2) Why is an output device? 3) What types of input and output devices do you have in the room you are currently sitting in?

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LESSON 1: To identify input, output devices and storage devices

Hardware devicesInput and output devices are hardware devices – they are components, or parts, of a computer that we can

physically see and touch.

What is an input device?

Input devices are components that put information IN to a computer – so, things like a keyboard, a mouse, a

microphone or a webcam.

What is an output device?Output devices feed information OUT of a computer – like speakers, a monitor or a printer.

They are parts of a computer that let the user see or hear the results of the computer’s data processing.

Storage devicesStorage devices are used for storing data from the computer that can be used later when needed. They can

be portable devices, meaning that they can be carried from one place to another.

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TASK 1 – Complete the wordsearch to familiarise yourself with Computer Anatomy

Task 2

To identify input, output devices and storage devices

1. Name 3 different input/output devices____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________

2. What is the definition of an Input \ Output device?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3. Name 3 different types of storage devices

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Questions to think about:

1) What types of storage devices do you have in your house

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Keywords: Input, output, web cam, scanner, mouse, keyboard, printer

2) Can you name any other devices that were not in the mark scheme

Summarise what you have learnt below?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The bigger picture

* Previously you learned the basics of input and output devices in today’s lesson we will learn the basics of system software and applications software.



1) What is Microsoft word used for?2) What is Microsoft excel used for?3) What is Microsoft PowerPoint used for?4) What is Microsoft Publisher used for?

LESSON 2: System and application softwareHardware is the physical parts of the computer and software is the programs that run on a computer.

Software makes hardware useful. It gives it the instructions it needs to operate. When hardware runs software, it loads the software into its RAM

There are two main types of software:

Systems software Applications software

Systems software helps run and maintain the computer. It includes the operating system, drivers and utility software

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Applications software is used to carry out tasks on a computer, such as writing an email, making a poster, doing homework and messaging friends. Some of the applications we might use to do this include a word processor, web browser and graphics software.

Task 21. Name two types of application software

1.____________________________________________________________________

2.____________________________________________________________________

3.____________________________________________________________________

2. What is the difference between hardware and software?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

3. What is the difference between system software and application software?

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_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

4. What does the term hardware mean?

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________


1) What type’s application software do you have on your computer?2) Can describe what software means?


_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The bigger picture

* Previously you learned the basics of software and systems applications, in today’s lesson we will learn the basics of computer components


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1) What computer components can you name?2) What is the purpose of a CPU?3) What is the purpose of GPU?

LESSON 3: Computer Components

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Long Term Memory (The hard Disk Drive)

Short Term Memory (Random Access Memory RAM)

Definition – Definition –

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1. PROCESSOR / CPU This handles the instructions from the computer program and processes the data and information.

2. RAM This is the computer’s working memory; it stands for random access memory. It is where the computer stores the current task that is being carried out. (similar to your short term memory)

3. HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD) This is a common form of backing store on most computers, usually referred to as the C drive on most computers. You can also have a solid-state drive (SSD) This is similar to an HDD as they both can store memory. The HDD has moving parts therefore making it slower and producing more noise but also cheaper. The SSD has not moving parts, is more expensive but extremely quick.

4. MOTHERBOARD This area of the computer is a large circuit board. All of the main components are connected to the motherboard. The motherboard sends messages to all of the other components connected to it.

5. NETWORK CARD This card allows you to connect to the internet or another set of computers

6. CPU FAN The CPU fan keeps the processor cool. Whilst the CPU is working hard doing millions of calculations heat will be produced from it ranging from 28-90 degrees.

7. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

Just like your heart pumps blood around your body to give you energy. The power supply pumps electricity around the computer

to power all of the components

8. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

This card creates and controls all imagery on your screen. Without a GPU not even, a single pixel can be produced on your screen. The stronger your graphics card the higher quality your games will be including your movies.

9. POWER SUPPLY This provides the electricity in order to power the computer and its parts.

Example where it can be used and how - Example where it can be used and how-

CPU Motherboard

Definition –

If a CPU has a higher clock speed what does that mean for the performance of computing tasks?

Definition –

What components can you put inside or connect to a motherboard?


1) Why do we need a HDD/SSD?2) What is a GPU and a CPU?3) How can you check for the current specs on your computer or phone? 4) Is an i9 processor slow or fast?


___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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TASK 1 – Complete the definitions below and give examples in where they can be used in devices that ARE NOT PC’S. (Example tablet, TV, Sky tv box)

TASK 2 – Complete the definitions below and answer the following questions

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The bigger picture

* Previously you learned the basics of computer components, in today’s lesson we will the history behind computers?



1) Who was Alan Turing? What was his impact on this computing industry?

LESSON 4: The history of computers

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Find the names of key people in computer history in the grid below. Once you have found the name, write what they did to help the progress of computers next to their name. The names are on the following page

13TASK 1 – Answer the following questions

Name What did they do to help the progress of computers?Alan Turing

Bill Gates

Blaise Pascal

Charles Babbage

Howard Aiken

Jack Kilby

John Napier

Lady Augusta Ada

Larry Page

Sergey Brin

Steve Jobs

Tommy Flowers

The bigger picture

* Previously you learned the history of computer scientists, in today’s lesson we will learn the basics of logic gates, something you may have learned briefly in year 7.



1) What is the difference between AND, OR, NOT gates

LESSON 5: Logic Gates pt.1Boolean states

The Boolean data type has only two values: true or false. These values are used to control the flow of the execution of programs. Boolean values are found by comparing other data values. The results of these comparisons may be combined in Boolean expressions.

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Logic gates

Many electronic circuits have to make decisions. They look at two or more inputs and use these to determine the outputs from the circuit. The process of doing this uses electronic logic, which is based on digital switches called gates.

Logic gates allow an electronic system to decide based on a number of its inputs. They are digital electronic devices. Each input and output of the gates must be one of two states:

true or 1 or 'on'

false or 0 or 'off'

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NOT GATE: Will take an input and produce an opposite output. Example if input is ‘1’ then output ‘0’

AND GATE: Will take 2 inputs and produce a TRUE output as long as both inputs are true. For eg: If A and B is 1 then Q will equal 1

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OR GATE: Will take 2 inputs and produce a TRUE output as long one of the inputs are true. For example, if A = 0 and B = 1. Then Q will = 1

TASK 1: COMPLETE THE WORDSEARCH TO FAMILARISE YOURSELF WITH THE KEY WORDS NEEDED FOR THIS LESSON

TASK 2: Complete the following questions below using the theory and knowledge you have gained

1) What is a logic gate?

2) Identify the following logic gates:

3) Complete the following truth tables:

AND GATEA B Q0 00 11 01 1

OR GATEA B Q0 00 11 01 1

NOT GATEA Q01


1) Where are logic gates located?


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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The bigger picture

* Previously you learned the basics of logic gates, in today’s lesson we will learn the basics of computer components


To ensure your child is working to the best of their ability you can check to and ensure have completed each lessons worksheet effectively. In addition to this you can ensure they have understood the key terms each week by asking them to explain them to you

1) What is the purpose of RAM?2) What is the purpose of ROM?

LESSON 6: RAM and ROM (Short Term & Long Term memory)

RAM: RANDOM ACCESS MEMORYA computer stores data using several different methods. Memory, also referred to as primary storage, typically refers to storage that is directly accessible by the computer's CPU.

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Because the RAM is connected directly to the CPU, the CPU can access data stored in RAM very quickly. For this reason, RAM is used to store data loaded by active programs and the operating system.

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Ram in short carries all of the currently opened applications on a computer. Here are some examples of what's stored in RAM:

the operating system

applications

the graphical user interface (GUI)

If a computer loses power, all data stored in its RAM is lost.

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For example: A computer could have Google chrome open on YouTube, Microsoft PowerPoint open and a game of Fortnite open. The computer has one 8GB RAM stick. The current programs that are open consumer 6GB of RAM leaving only 2GB of working short term memory for the computer.

RAM is a type of volatile memory because it will lose its data if the power is turned off.

ROM: READ ONLY MEMORY ROM or Read Only Memory is a type of non-volatile memory which means it keeps its data even if the power is turned off. However typically data in ROM cannot be changed. Computers use ROM memory when starting up and contains just enough instructions to get the computer going.

TASK 1: Take the quiz below1) What does RAM stand for?

2) Which of following retains data even after the computer is turned off and why? (RAM or ROM)

3) What do you think would be the effect on the performance of your computer if you upgraded the RAM from 8GB to 16GB?

4) What instructions are contained with ROM?

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5) What does ROM stand for?

6) What does the term “volatile memory” mean?


What type’s application software do you have on your computer?Can describe what software means?


___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The bigger picture

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Previously you learned the basics of rom and ram, in today’s lesson we will learn return to logic gates,



1) What are the rules of a AND, OR, NOT gate?

LESSON 7: Logic Gates pt.2

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RECAP

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TASK 1: Based on the following inputs, fill in the missing outputs

TASK 2: Answer the following questions

1) For each of the terms below, enter the corresponding binary value (0 or 1):

Term Binary value

"on"

"off"

"low"

"high"

"false"

"true"

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A-

B-

2)

3)



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_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The bigger picture

Previously you learned the final details of logic gates, in today’s lesson we will go into greater depth for input and output devices.



1) Name 5 input, output and storage devices and their purpose to each.

LESSON 8: Input and Output Devices pt.2

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1. Name 10 different input/output devices____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the difference between an Input \ Output device?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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3. Name 5 different types of storage devices and describe them below______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Outline 3 internal computer components and what they’re purpose is?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Give 2 differences between hardware and software? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Give 3 examples of application software and what they do? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


What type’s application software do you have on your computer?Can describe what software means?


______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________

Answers:

Lesson 1:

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TASK 1:

TASK 2:

Name 3 different input/output devices

Input –Imports data\information into a computer

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Output- Outputs extracts data\information out of a computer

What is the definition of an Input \ Output device?

Input –Imports data\information into a computer

Output- Outputs extracts data\information out of a computer

Name 3 different types of storage devices

CD – DVD – USB drive – Hard drive – SD card

Lesson 2:

1. Name two types of application software?Microsoft word, PowerPoint, Excel, Adobe Photoshop, Idle.

2. What is the difference between hardware and software?

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Hardware is the physical components of a computer, software is a collection of instructions that enable the user to interact with a computer and its hardware

3. What is the difference between system software and application software?System software is software the computer needs to operate e.g. operating system Windows 8-10 or Mac OSi. Application software uses the capabilities of the computer on which it is installed, e.g. Office 2010

4. What does the term hardware mean?Hardware is the physical components of the computer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), hard disk, monitor, keyboard and mouse. Software is the programs that run on a computer.

Lesson 3:

Long Term Memory (The hard Disk Drive)

Short Term Memory (Random Access Memory RAM)

Definition –The hard disk drive is a form of secondary storage, it is non-volatile and long term. Without secondary storage, all programs and data would be lost the moment the computer is switched of

Example where it can be used and how – Can be used inside a PC to expand memory. There is one inside every PS4, Xbox One, Xbox One X. Inside are stored games and application software

Definition –Random access memory. This is volatile memory that is constantly being written to and read from. It does not retain its contents without a constant supply of power. When a computer is turned off, everything stored in its RAM is lost.

Example where it can be used and how-It is used in most PC’s, gaming consoles and mobile phones. Inside are stored games and application software

Task 1:Task 2:

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CPU Motherboard

Definition –Central processing unit - the brain of the computer that processes program instructions.

If a CPU has a higher clock speed what does that mean for the performance of computing tasks?

The performance of the task increases exponentially. For example, a 1.3ghz processor will perform much slower than a 3.8ghz processor. A higher clock speed indicates that more instruction can be calculated buy the computer per clock cycle.

Definition –The circuit board inside a comp`uter that houses the CPU, memory, and connections to other devices.

What components can you put inside or connect to a motherboard?

SSD, HDD, RAM, PSU, GPU, CPU, CPU Cooler, NVME storage, PC Case fans.

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Name What did they do to help the progress of computers?

Alan Turing

Alan Turing is often called the father of modern computing. He was a brilliant mathematician and logician. He developed the idea of the modern computer and artificial intelligence. During the Second World War he worked for the government breaking the enemies codes and Churchill said he shortened the war by two years.

Bill Gates

Bill Gates is a technologist, business leader, and philanthropist. He grew up in Seattle, Washington, with an amazing and supportive family who encouraged his interest in computers at an early age. He dropped out of college to start Microsoft with his childhood friend Paul Allen.

Blaise Pascal

Blaise Pascal, in his short 39 years of life, made many contributions and inventions in several fields. He is well known in both the mathematics and physics fields. In mathematics, he is known for contributing Pascal's triangle and probability theory. He also invented an early digital calculator and a roulette machine.

Charles Babbage

Charles Babbage was considered to be the father of computing after his invention and concept of the Analytical Engine in 1837. The Analytical Engine contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), basic flow control, and integrated memory; hailed as the first general-purpose computer concept.

Howard Aiken

A mathematician who invented the Harvard Mark I, forerunner of the modern electronic digital computer. Aiken did engineering work while he attended the University of Wisconsin, Madison

Jack Kilby An American electrical engineer who took part (along with Robert Noyce) in the realization of the first integrated circuit while working at Texas Instruments (TI) in 1958

John Napier

John Napier was a famous Scottish mathematician who is best known for his invention of logarithms which are used to help with mathematical calculations. He is also credited with bringing the decimal point into common use.

Lady Augusta Ada

English mathematician Ada Lovelace, the daughter of poet Lord Byron, has been called "the first computer programmer" for writing an algorithm for a computing machine in the mid-1800s.

Larry PageAn American computer scientist and entrepreneur who, with Sergey Brin, created the online search engine Google, one of the most popular sites on the Internet.

Sergey BrinIs an American computer scientist and Internet entrepreneur. Together with Larry Page, he co-founded Google

Steve JobsSteven Paul Jobs was an American inventor, designer and entrepreneur who was the co-founder, chief executive and chairman of Apple Computer.

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https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/entrepreneur

Tommy Flowers

Computer pioneer: Mr Thomas Flowers one of the men responsible for developing Colossus, the computer that contributed to breaking German codes during the Second World War, at Newcastle University yesterday, where he received an honorary degree of DSc.

Lesson 4:

Lesson 5:

Task 1:

Task 2:

1) What is a logic gate?

Logic gates are the building blocks of digital circuits. Logic gates have one or two

inputs that can be turned on or off, the output from the gate will vary depending on the

type of logic gate.

2) Identify the following logic gates:

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3) Complete the following truth tables:

AND GATEA B Q0 0 00 1 01 0 01 1 1

NOT GATEA Q0 11 0

Lesson 6:

1) What does RAM stand for? Random access memory

2) Which of following retains data even after the computer is turned off and why? (RAM or ROM)

Rom, due it being a non-volatile form of memory

3) What do you think would be the effect on the performance of your computer if you upgraded the RAM from 8GB to 16GB?

The computer would be to reach the desktop quicker. As a result, more applications can be opened at the same time including large memory usage applications.

4) What instructions are contained with ROM?

The BIOS which is the firmware for the motherboard. The BIOS contains the bootstrap – the program which takes the computer through steps that lead up to the loading of the operating system (OS)

5) What does ROM stand for?

Read only memory

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OR GATE AND GATENOT GATE

OR GATEA B Q0 0 00 1 11 0 11 1 1

6) What does the term “volatile memory” mean?

Volatile memory only stores information to run programs while the computer is on. It is reset and emptied once the computer is turned off. Volatile memory requires electricity to store data using transistors and capacitors.

Lesson 7:

TASK 1

1A – 0

1B - 1

TASK 2

QUESTION 1

Term Binary value

"on"

"off"

"low"

"high"

"false"

"true"

QUESTION 2

1) Both inputs will be 0, due to it being an OR gate.

QUESTION 3

1) The logic gate which is being used in the truth table is an “OR GATE”. Due to the last three results in the table producing a true output(1)

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1

0

0

1

0

1

Lesson 8:

1. Name 10 different input/output devicesMouse, keyboard, monitor, project, controller, printer, scanner, remote control, Television

2. What is the difference between an Input \ Output device?Input devices are used to send data into a computer while output devices are used to take data out of a computer

3. Name 5 different types of storage devices and describe them below:SSD: Solid state drive, a portable form of storage that contains no moving parts and is ultra-fast however at a high price.HDD: A hard disk drive, a portable form of storage that comes in high amount of memory, contains moving part, cheap but can also be slow.USB – Can come in a variety of storage, has no moving parts however due t it has small size it is not the fastest from of storage, prices vary dependent on amount of storage, can be easy to carry around.Blu-ray CD – Used in high end video games for leading gaming companies. Also used for Ultra-HD DVD movies that can be viewed in 4K resolutions or higher. Some Blu-ray discs can come in at 75Gb or even 100GB although the price is extremely expensive. CD-ROM – Just like a Blu-ray disc this can store a fair-sized amount of memory between 25-30GB. A wide range of media can be stored on these discs, from music, movies and games. They are read only discs, so nothing can be written on to the discs.

4. Outline 3 internal computer components and what they’re purpose is?GPU: The graphics processing unit is dedicated to producing all visible imagery on the display (monitor) CPU: Central processing unit. The brain of the computer that processes program instructions input the useCPU Cooler: The purpose of the CPU cooler is to keep the CPU cool as it is carrying out instructions. The more instructions given, the hotter the CPU will become, the fan will ensure the CPU stays cool

5. Give 2 differences between hardware and software?Hardware is a physical resource whilst software is an electronic resource.

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You can touch hardware, you can’t touch software. 6. Give 3 examples of application software and what they do?

Microsoft Word: Used to produce documents, reports, booklets, stories, notes.

Microsoft PowerPoint: Used to create presentations to be delivered to a group of people

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