Procter & GambleType Public :- NYSE

Founded :- 1837Headquarters :- One Procter & Gamble Plaza, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Key people :- A. G. Lafley, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive

Industry :- Consumer goodsRevenue :- ▲ US$83.503 billion (2008)

Net income :- ▲ US$12.075 billion (2008)Employees :- 138,000

P &G is the 8th largest corporation in the world by market capitalization and 14th largest US company by profit

It is 10th in Fortune's Most Admired Companies list (as of 2007)It is credited with many business innovations including brand management,

the soap opera, and the Connect + Develop initiative.According to the Nielsen Company, in 2007 P&G spent more on U.S.

advertising than any other company; the $2.62 billion it spent is almost twice as much as General Motors

Procter & Gamble The next company on the Nielsen list. P&G was named 2008 Advertiser of the Year by Cannes

International Advertising Festival. William Procter, a candlemaker, and James Gamble, a

soapmaker, immigrants from England and Ireland respectively who had settled earlier in Cincinnati, who met as they both married sisters, Olivia and Elizabeth Norris, formed the company initially.

Alexander Norris, their father-in law called a meeting in which he convinced his new sons-in-law to become business partners. On October 31, 1837, as a result of the suggestion, Procter & Gamble was born.

Procter & Gamble In 1859, sales reached one million dollars. By this point,

approximately eighty employees worked for Procter & Gamble.

During the American Civil War, the company won contracts to supply the Union Army with soap and candles.

In addition to the increased profits experienced during the war, the military contracts introduced soldiers from all over the country to Procter & Gamble's products.

In the 1880s, Procter & Gamble began to market a new product, an inexpensive soap that floats in water.

The company called the soap Ivory. William Arnett Procter, William Procter's grandson, began a profit-sharing program for the company's workforce in 1887.

By giving the workers a stake in the company, he assumed correctly that they would be less likely to go on strike.

Procter & GambleThe company began to build factories in other locations in the United States, because the demand for products had outgrown the capacity of the Cincinnati facilities.The company's leaders began to diversify its products as well and, in 1911, began producing Crisco, a shortening made of vegetable oils rather than animal fats.As radio became more popular in the 1920s and 1930s, the company sponsored a number of radio programs.As a result, these shows often became commonly known as "soap operas“.The company moved into other countries, both in terms of manufacturing and product sales, becoming an international corporation with its 1930 acquisition of the Newcastle upon Tyne-based Thomas Hedley Co.

Procter & Gamble Procter & Gamble maintained a strong link to the North East of England after

this acquisition. Numerous new products and brand names were introduced over time, and

Procter & Gamble began branching out into new areas. The company introduced "Tide" laundry detergent in 1946 and "Prell"

shampoo in 1950. In 1955, Procter & Gamble began selling the first toothpaste to contain fluoride, known as "Crest".

Branching out once again in 1957, the company purchased Charmin Paper Mills and began manufacturing toilet paper and other paper products.

Once again focusing on laundry, Procter & Gamble began making "Downy" fabric softener in 1960 and "Bounce" fabric softener sheets in 1972.

One of the most revolutionary products to come out on the market was the company's "Pampers", first test-marketed in 1961.

Prior to this point disposable diapers were not popular. although Johnson & Johnson had developed a product called "Chux". Babies always wore cloth diapers, which were leaky and labor intensive to

wash. Pampers simplified the diapering process

Procter & Gamble Procter & Gamble acquired a number of other companies that

diversified its product line and increased profits significantly. These acquisitions included Folgers Coffee, Norwich Eaton

Pharmaceuticals, Richardson-Vicks, Noxell, Shulton's Old Spice, Max Factor, and the Iams Company, among others.

In 1994, the company made headlines for big losses resulting from leveraged positions in interest rate derivatives, and subsequently sued Bankers Trust for fraud; this placed their management in the unusual position of testifying in court that they had entered into transactions they were not capable of understanding.

In 1996, Procter & Gamble again made headlines when the Food and Drug Administration approved a new product developed by the company, Olestra.

Also known by its brand name Olean, Olestra is a substitute for fat in cooking potato chips and other snacks that during its development stages is known to have caused anal leakage and gastro-intestinal difficulties in humans.

Procter & Gamble In January 2005 P&G announced an acquisition of Gillette, forming the largest

consumer goods company and placing Unilever into second place. This added brands such as Gillette razors, Duracell, Braun, and Oral-B to their

stable. The acquisition was approved by the European Union and the

Federal Trade Commission, with conditions to a spinoff of certain overlapping brands.

P&G has agreed to sell its SpinBrush battery-operated electric toothbrush business to Church & Dwight. It also divested Gillette's oral-care toothpaste line, Rembrandt.

The deodorant brands Right Guard, Soft & Dri, and Dry Idea were sold to Dial Corporation.

The companies officially merged October 1, 2005. In 2008, P&G branched into the record business with its sponsorship of Tag Records, as an endorsement for TAG Body Spray.

• P&G's dominance in many categories of consumer products makes its brand management decisions worthy of study.

• For example, P&G's corporate strategists must account for the likelihood of one of their products cannibalizing the sales of another

Procter & Gamble Effective July 1, 2007, the company's operations are categorized into 3

"Global Business Units" with each Global Business Unit divided into "Business Segments," according to the company's June 2007 earnings release.

Beauty Care – Beauty segment Grooming segment Household Care – Baby Care and Family Care segment Fabric Care and Home Care segment Health & Well-Being Health Care Snacks, Coffee and Pet Care

Procter & Gamble• Current members of the board of directors of Procter & Gamble

are: Alan Lafley, Clayton Daley Jr., Charles Lee, Ralph Snyderman M.D., Margaret Whitman, W. J. McNerney Jr., Lynn Martin, Johnathan Rodgers, Ernesto Zedillo, Scott Cook, Rajat Gupta, Patricia Woertz, and Kenneth Chenault. [11]

• In October 2008, P&G was named one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers" by Mediacorp Canada Inc., and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine. Later that month, P&G was also named one of Greater Toronto's Top Employers, which was announced by the Toronto Star newspaper.

Procter & Gamble brands• 24 of P&G's brands have more than a billion dollars in net annual sales and another 18

have sales between $500 million and $1 billion.• Always is a brand of feminine hygiene products, including maxi pads, pantiliners

(sometimes called Alldays), and feminine wipes. • Ariel is a brand of washing powder/liquid, available in numerous forms and scents. • Actonel is brand of Osteoporosis drug Risedronate co marketed by Sanofi-Aventis. • Bounty is a brand of paper towel sold in the United States, Canada and the United

Kingdom • Braun is a small-appliances manufacturer specializing in electric razors, coffeemakers,

toasters, and blenders. • Crest is a brand of toothpaste. • Dawn is a brand of dishwashing detergent. • Downy/Lenor is a brand of fabric softener. • Duracell is a brand of batteries and flashlights. • Fusion is a brand of mens wet shave razors, and is the quickest P&G brand to have

reached $1 billion in annual sales • Gain is a brand of laundry detergent and fabric softeners. • Gillette is a safety razor manufacturer.

• Head & Shoulders is a brand of shampoo. • High Endurance is a deodorant by Old Spice • Ivory is a soap • Nice 'n Easy is a hair color product. • Olay is a brand of women's skin care products. • Oral-B is a brand of toothbrush. • Pampers is a brand of disposable diaper/nappy • Pantene is a brand of haircare. • Prilosec OTC is a brand of heartburn medicine co-marketed by AstraZeneca. • Pringles is a famous brand of potato chips. • Puffs is a type of facial tissue. • Secret is a deodorant • TAG is a deodorant & Body Spray • Tide is a brand of laundry detergent. • Vicks is a brand of over-the-counter medicines • Wella is a brand of hair care (shampoo, conditioner, styling, hair color). • Whisper is a brand of pantyliners

Manufacturing Procter & Gamble manufactures its products across the globe.

Manufacturing operations are based in the following geographies US Canada Latin America Europe China (31 wholly-owned factories) and other parts of Asia Africa Australia

• The P&G production ident used from early 1986 to August 3, 2007.• • Procter & Gamble Productions logo used from August 6, 2007 to June 30, 2008.• Procter & Gamble produced and sponsored the first radio soap operas in the

1930s (Procter and Gamble's being known for detergents (soaps) was probably the genesis of the term "soap opera").

• When the medium switched to television in the 1950s and 1960s, most of the new serials were sponsored and produced by the company.

• Three of their serials, The Young and the Restless, As the World Turns and Guiding Light, are still on the air today and are produced by TeleNext Media, Inc. (a unit of Publicis) for Procter & Gamble

• Procter & Gamble Productions Inc. is credited as one of the production companies on "Living Proof: The Hank Williams Jr Story" a TV movie biopic about country musician Hank Williams Jr.

• It is also written on the back cover of the Warner Bros. North American VHS Cassette Release.

• It is credited as the first of three production companies, the latter being Telcom Entertainment Inc. and Melpomene Productions Inc.