41
Product User Manual for Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping Version 1.0 Chiara Dorati, Jan Kucera, Ines Marí i Rivero, Annett Wania May 2018
Product User Manual for Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
Version 10
Chiara Dorati Jan Kucera Ines Mariacute i
Rivero Annett Wania
May 2018
This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) the European Commissionrsquos science
and knowledge service It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking
process The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission Neither
the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that
might be made of this publication
Contact information
Email JRC-EMS-RAPIDMAPPINGeceuropaeu
JRC Science Hub
httpseceuropaeujrc
JRC111889
Ispra European Commission 2018
copy European Union 2018
The reuse of the document is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and the original meaning or
message of the texts are not distorted The European Commission shall not be held liable for any consequences
stemming from the reuse
How to cite this report Dorati C Kucera J Mariacute i Rivero I Wania A 2018 Product User Manual of
Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping JRC Technical Report JRC111889
All images copy European Union 2018
i
Contents
Acknowledgements 2
Abstract 3
List of abbreviations and definitions 4
1 Background of the document 5
11 Content of the document 5
12 Related Documents 5
2 Product Overview 6
21 Product Structure and Access 6
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio 6
221 Products and output formats 6
222 Activation Set-up 7
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets 7
2222 File Naming 8
3 Data Model 10
31 Group A Imagery and source data 11
311 Source table 11
312 Area of Interest 11
313 Image Footprint 12
32 Group B Crisis information layers 12
321 Observed Event 12
322 Ancillary crisis information 13
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed 14
331 Built-up 14
332 Facilities 15
333 Transportation 16
334 Land Use 17
34 Group D Ancillary base layers 18
341 Hydrography 18
342 Physiography 18
List of figures 21
List of tables 22
Annexes 23
Annex 1 Damage Assessment 23
Annex 2 Domains 26
Annex 3 Data Model 6
1
2
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the members of the CEMS Rapid Mapping consortium for
their contributions to the data model and this document
3
Abstract
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of Rapid
Mapping products Rapid Mapping is part of the Copernicus Emergency Management
Service (CEMS) - one of the six core services of the European Unionrsquos Earth observation
programme Copernicus Rapid Mapping is one of the two modules under CEMSrsquo Mapping
component which delivers geospatial information derived from remote sensing data to
support emergencies that require an immediate response
This is the reference document to which users should refer for handling Rapid Mapping
products It gives a detailed overview of the product characteristics The product delivery
package of Rapid Mapping contains a series of ready to print maps with different
resolutions and formats and a vector data package
4
List of abbreviations and definitions
AEM Activation Extension Map
AOI Area of Interest
CEMS Copernicus Emergency Management Service
CHAR Character data type
CLC CORINE Land Cover
CORINE Coordination of information on the environment
CSV Comma separated value
EFAS European Flood Awareness System
EFFIS European Forest Fire Information System
EM-DAT Emergency Events Database
EMSR Service identifier for CEMS Rapid Mapping
EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group - Geodetic Parameter Dataset
ER External reference
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute
FAM First Available Map
FK Foreign Key
GeoJSON Geographic JavaScript Object Notation
GEOM Geometry data type
GeoTIFF Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GLIDE GLobal IDEntifier number
GSD Ground sampling distance
INT Integer data type
ISO International Organization for Standardization
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
KML Keyhole Markup Language
KMZ Keyhole Markup Language Zipped
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
PDF Portable Document Format
PK Primary Key
RAMON Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures
SHP Shape file format
UN-OCHA United Nations Office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
WGS World Geodetic System
XLS Microsoft Excel file format
5
1 Background of the document
The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) is one of the six core services of
the European Unionrsquos Earth observation programme Copernicus CEMS has three main
components 1) the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) 2) the European Forest
Fire Information System (EFFIS) and 3) the on-demand Mapping services Rapid Mapping
(hereafter RM) is one of the two on-demand Mapping services available 247365 which
provides for selected areas of interest free and open access to geospatial datasets (maps
and layers) for emergencies that require an immediate response thus it provides fast
delivery of products (typically within 24-48h after the request)1 In order to meet the
time constraints in emergency situations the workflow and products are highly
standardised Geospatial datasets are derived from image data which are made available
through the Copernicus Space Component Data Access System Information
transparency and standardisation is key for making RM products easy to use integrate
and share among non-expert groups and responding agencies
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of RM
products It is the primary document that users should refer to for handling these as it
gives an overview of the product characteristics In particular it provides a description of
the geospatial layers as a feature catalogue according to ISOTC 211 definition The
document is valid for products produced since October 2017 and will be valid at least
until the first quarter of 2019
11 Content of the document
This document is structured as follows
mdash Section 2 presents an overview of the RM products
mdash Section 3 describes the RM data model amp feature catalogue
mdash ANNEX 1 provides a brief description of the damage assessment schema
mdash ANNEX 2 provides the complete list of domain values
mdash ANNEX 3 shows a complete description of the data model
12 Related Documents
The following documents were used to support the drafting of this document
mdash ER1 The Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard (DIGEST) Part 4 -
Annex A Features Codes (2000)2
mdash ER2 RAMON - Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures - Classification of
Types of Constructions (1998)3
mdash ER3 International Disaster Database Classification4
mdash ER4 CORINE Land Cover5
1 For an overview of the service see httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemsservice-overview 2 httpsportaldgiwgorgfilesartifact_id=3913ampformat=pdf 3 EUROSTAT RAMON classification 4 httpwwwemdatbeclassification 5 httpwwweeaeuropaeupublicationsCOR0-landcover
6
2 Product Overview
21 Product Structure and Access
The two fundamental output data sets of the RM service are geo-referenced ready-to-
print maps and geospatial layers corresponding to raster and vector data types
respectively
Ready-to-print maps are cartographic representations of a specific area of the earth ndash the
so-called area of interest - as defined by the Authorised User during the activation
initialization phase Ready-to-print maps have a predefined fixed scale and standardised
symbology (legend) which can contain different thematic information depending on the
user request For each map such thematic information is also delivered in the form of
geospatial vector layers which are composed of a geometry type (line point and
polygon) and a set of attributes in tabular format
The service distributes its products through the CEMS Mapping portal6 and a dedicated
SFTP (accessible for the user who activated the service)
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio
In the following sections the service portfolio is briefly described in order to provide a
base for understanding the main outputs of the service and related terminology More
detailed information is available on the CEMS Mapping Portal7 and in the Manual of
Operational Procedures8
221 Products and output formats
There are three main products (commonly referred as maps)
1 Reference map is usually based on a pre-event image and consists of selected
topographic features of the area affected by the disaster in particular exposed assets
and other available information
2 Delineation map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of
the eventrsquos extent
3 Grading map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of the
damage grade and its spatial distribution
For Grading and Delineation maps Monitoring maps can be provided They are based
on post-event images acquired after the one used for Delineation and Grading maps and
provide thus a situation update There can be more than one monitoring and each is
identified by a two digit number starting with 01
Another map type is released for each activation the so-called Activation Extent Map
(AEM) It provides an overview of the areas of interest of an activation and the maps
produced for each They also depict the status of production and indicate the imagery
used for the analysis
The three main map products (and related Monitoring maps) are provided in ready-to-
print maps (raster) and geospatial vector data
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi (dots per
inch)
6 httpemergencycopernicuseumapping 7 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemshow-use-service 8 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingsitesdefaultfilesfilesEMS_Mapping_Manual_of_Procedures_v1_3_finalpdf
7
GeoTIFF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
ESRI shapefiles Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
The Activation Extent Map is provided in the following formats
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
ESRI shape files Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
By default all maps are provided in UTM cartographic projection using WGS 84 geodetic
system (EPSG code 4326)
Geo-location accuracy is derived from native horizontal positional accuracy of the
baseline satellite data or other reference data
222 Activation Set-up
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets
Any RM service activation instance consists of one or more areas of interest (AOI)
representing the geographical areas to be mapped and analysed The example Activation
Extent Map in Figure 1 below shows an example for an activation set-up with AOIs and
related map products
Each AOI is identified with a place name (in the example below Calheta Funchal) and a
two digit number (in the example below 01 02) For each one or more maps (products)
are provided which together constitute a map-set Accordingly a map-set is a collection
of one or more maps (reference andor delineation andor grading) sharing the same
AOI Each map is a self-contained entity which is delivered both as a ready-to-print map
and geospatial vector data A map has a map type attribute (reference delineation
grading monitoring when relevant) which defines the purpose and content of the map
as well as the scale in which it is provided
8
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01 02) each
one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types
2222 File Naming
The RM raster and vector files will follow the naming convention in Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively The activation identifier EMSR[NNN] denotes the sequential RM activation
The map-set extent is defined by the Area-of-interest Identifier [AI] and by the
geographic name [LOCALITY] The map Type [MTY] can be REF (Reference) DEL
(Delineation) GRA (Grading) with additional MONIT suffix in case of monitoring map In
case of monitoring map the two digit sequential code [MM] denotes the chronological
order
The map version [V] corresponds to 0 for First Available Map (FAM) and 1 2 3 for
subsequent versions in case of cartographic amendments or corrections
The optional language code [LN] indicates the European language in which the map has
been produced (2-digit country code ISO 3166-2) It applies to raster files only and is
omitted if the map is produced in the default English language
The printing resolution [FFF] in dots per inch (dpi) can be 100 200 and 300 It applies
to raster files only
FEATURENAME describes the information content of the layer according to the RM data
catalogue It applies to vector files only
GEOM is a one-character code indicating the geometry type l=line p=point a=area
(polygon) It applies to vector files only
The file extension [xxx] can be tif jpg pdf for raster files shp (and related files dbf
prj shx) kmz for vector files and dbf for tabular files
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
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charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
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via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
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bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
This publication is a Technical report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) the European Commissionrsquos science
and knowledge service It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking
process The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission Neither
the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that
might be made of this publication
Contact information
Email JRC-EMS-RAPIDMAPPINGeceuropaeu
JRC Science Hub
httpseceuropaeujrc
JRC111889
Ispra European Commission 2018
copy European Union 2018
The reuse of the document is authorised provided the source is acknowledged and the original meaning or
message of the texts are not distorted The European Commission shall not be held liable for any consequences
stemming from the reuse
How to cite this report Dorati C Kucera J Mariacute i Rivero I Wania A 2018 Product User Manual of
Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping JRC Technical Report JRC111889
All images copy European Union 2018
i
Contents
Acknowledgements 2
Abstract 3
List of abbreviations and definitions 4
1 Background of the document 5
11 Content of the document 5
12 Related Documents 5
2 Product Overview 6
21 Product Structure and Access 6
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio 6
221 Products and output formats 6
222 Activation Set-up 7
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets 7
2222 File Naming 8
3 Data Model 10
31 Group A Imagery and source data 11
311 Source table 11
312 Area of Interest 11
313 Image Footprint 12
32 Group B Crisis information layers 12
321 Observed Event 12
322 Ancillary crisis information 13
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed 14
331 Built-up 14
332 Facilities 15
333 Transportation 16
334 Land Use 17
34 Group D Ancillary base layers 18
341 Hydrography 18
342 Physiography 18
List of figures 21
List of tables 22
Annexes 23
Annex 1 Damage Assessment 23
Annex 2 Domains 26
Annex 3 Data Model 6
1
2
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the members of the CEMS Rapid Mapping consortium for
their contributions to the data model and this document
3
Abstract
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of Rapid
Mapping products Rapid Mapping is part of the Copernicus Emergency Management
Service (CEMS) - one of the six core services of the European Unionrsquos Earth observation
programme Copernicus Rapid Mapping is one of the two modules under CEMSrsquo Mapping
component which delivers geospatial information derived from remote sensing data to
support emergencies that require an immediate response
This is the reference document to which users should refer for handling Rapid Mapping
products It gives a detailed overview of the product characteristics The product delivery
package of Rapid Mapping contains a series of ready to print maps with different
resolutions and formats and a vector data package
4
List of abbreviations and definitions
AEM Activation Extension Map
AOI Area of Interest
CEMS Copernicus Emergency Management Service
CHAR Character data type
CLC CORINE Land Cover
CORINE Coordination of information on the environment
CSV Comma separated value
EFAS European Flood Awareness System
EFFIS European Forest Fire Information System
EM-DAT Emergency Events Database
EMSR Service identifier for CEMS Rapid Mapping
EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group - Geodetic Parameter Dataset
ER External reference
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute
FAM First Available Map
FK Foreign Key
GeoJSON Geographic JavaScript Object Notation
GEOM Geometry data type
GeoTIFF Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GLIDE GLobal IDEntifier number
GSD Ground sampling distance
INT Integer data type
ISO International Organization for Standardization
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
KML Keyhole Markup Language
KMZ Keyhole Markup Language Zipped
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
PDF Portable Document Format
PK Primary Key
RAMON Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures
SHP Shape file format
UN-OCHA United Nations Office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
WGS World Geodetic System
XLS Microsoft Excel file format
5
1 Background of the document
The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) is one of the six core services of
the European Unionrsquos Earth observation programme Copernicus CEMS has three main
components 1) the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) 2) the European Forest
Fire Information System (EFFIS) and 3) the on-demand Mapping services Rapid Mapping
(hereafter RM) is one of the two on-demand Mapping services available 247365 which
provides for selected areas of interest free and open access to geospatial datasets (maps
and layers) for emergencies that require an immediate response thus it provides fast
delivery of products (typically within 24-48h after the request)1 In order to meet the
time constraints in emergency situations the workflow and products are highly
standardised Geospatial datasets are derived from image data which are made available
through the Copernicus Space Component Data Access System Information
transparency and standardisation is key for making RM products easy to use integrate
and share among non-expert groups and responding agencies
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of RM
products It is the primary document that users should refer to for handling these as it
gives an overview of the product characteristics In particular it provides a description of
the geospatial layers as a feature catalogue according to ISOTC 211 definition The
document is valid for products produced since October 2017 and will be valid at least
until the first quarter of 2019
11 Content of the document
This document is structured as follows
mdash Section 2 presents an overview of the RM products
mdash Section 3 describes the RM data model amp feature catalogue
mdash ANNEX 1 provides a brief description of the damage assessment schema
mdash ANNEX 2 provides the complete list of domain values
mdash ANNEX 3 shows a complete description of the data model
12 Related Documents
The following documents were used to support the drafting of this document
mdash ER1 The Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard (DIGEST) Part 4 -
Annex A Features Codes (2000)2
mdash ER2 RAMON - Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures - Classification of
Types of Constructions (1998)3
mdash ER3 International Disaster Database Classification4
mdash ER4 CORINE Land Cover5
1 For an overview of the service see httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemsservice-overview 2 httpsportaldgiwgorgfilesartifact_id=3913ampformat=pdf 3 EUROSTAT RAMON classification 4 httpwwwemdatbeclassification 5 httpwwweeaeuropaeupublicationsCOR0-landcover
6
2 Product Overview
21 Product Structure and Access
The two fundamental output data sets of the RM service are geo-referenced ready-to-
print maps and geospatial layers corresponding to raster and vector data types
respectively
Ready-to-print maps are cartographic representations of a specific area of the earth ndash the
so-called area of interest - as defined by the Authorised User during the activation
initialization phase Ready-to-print maps have a predefined fixed scale and standardised
symbology (legend) which can contain different thematic information depending on the
user request For each map such thematic information is also delivered in the form of
geospatial vector layers which are composed of a geometry type (line point and
polygon) and a set of attributes in tabular format
The service distributes its products through the CEMS Mapping portal6 and a dedicated
SFTP (accessible for the user who activated the service)
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio
In the following sections the service portfolio is briefly described in order to provide a
base for understanding the main outputs of the service and related terminology More
detailed information is available on the CEMS Mapping Portal7 and in the Manual of
Operational Procedures8
221 Products and output formats
There are three main products (commonly referred as maps)
1 Reference map is usually based on a pre-event image and consists of selected
topographic features of the area affected by the disaster in particular exposed assets
and other available information
2 Delineation map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of
the eventrsquos extent
3 Grading map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of the
damage grade and its spatial distribution
For Grading and Delineation maps Monitoring maps can be provided They are based
on post-event images acquired after the one used for Delineation and Grading maps and
provide thus a situation update There can be more than one monitoring and each is
identified by a two digit number starting with 01
Another map type is released for each activation the so-called Activation Extent Map
(AEM) It provides an overview of the areas of interest of an activation and the maps
produced for each They also depict the status of production and indicate the imagery
used for the analysis
The three main map products (and related Monitoring maps) are provided in ready-to-
print maps (raster) and geospatial vector data
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi (dots per
inch)
6 httpemergencycopernicuseumapping 7 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemshow-use-service 8 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingsitesdefaultfilesfilesEMS_Mapping_Manual_of_Procedures_v1_3_finalpdf
7
GeoTIFF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
ESRI shapefiles Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
The Activation Extent Map is provided in the following formats
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
ESRI shape files Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
By default all maps are provided in UTM cartographic projection using WGS 84 geodetic
system (EPSG code 4326)
Geo-location accuracy is derived from native horizontal positional accuracy of the
baseline satellite data or other reference data
222 Activation Set-up
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets
Any RM service activation instance consists of one or more areas of interest (AOI)
representing the geographical areas to be mapped and analysed The example Activation
Extent Map in Figure 1 below shows an example for an activation set-up with AOIs and
related map products
Each AOI is identified with a place name (in the example below Calheta Funchal) and a
two digit number (in the example below 01 02) For each one or more maps (products)
are provided which together constitute a map-set Accordingly a map-set is a collection
of one or more maps (reference andor delineation andor grading) sharing the same
AOI Each map is a self-contained entity which is delivered both as a ready-to-print map
and geospatial vector data A map has a map type attribute (reference delineation
grading monitoring when relevant) which defines the purpose and content of the map
as well as the scale in which it is provided
8
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01 02) each
one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types
2222 File Naming
The RM raster and vector files will follow the naming convention in Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively The activation identifier EMSR[NNN] denotes the sequential RM activation
The map-set extent is defined by the Area-of-interest Identifier [AI] and by the
geographic name [LOCALITY] The map Type [MTY] can be REF (Reference) DEL
(Delineation) GRA (Grading) with additional MONIT suffix in case of monitoring map In
case of monitoring map the two digit sequential code [MM] denotes the chronological
order
The map version [V] corresponds to 0 for First Available Map (FAM) and 1 2 3 for
subsequent versions in case of cartographic amendments or corrections
The optional language code [LN] indicates the European language in which the map has
been produced (2-digit country code ISO 3166-2) It applies to raster files only and is
omitted if the map is produced in the default English language
The printing resolution [FFF] in dots per inch (dpi) can be 100 200 and 300 It applies
to raster files only
FEATURENAME describes the information content of the layer according to the RM data
catalogue It applies to vector files only
GEOM is a one-character code indicating the geometry type l=line p=point a=area
(polygon) It applies to vector files only
The file extension [xxx] can be tif jpg pdf for raster files shp (and related files dbf
prj shx) kmz for vector files and dbf for tabular files
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
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XX-N
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i
Contents
Acknowledgements 2
Abstract 3
List of abbreviations and definitions 4
1 Background of the document 5
11 Content of the document 5
12 Related Documents 5
2 Product Overview 6
21 Product Structure and Access 6
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio 6
221 Products and output formats 6
222 Activation Set-up 7
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets 7
2222 File Naming 8
3 Data Model 10
31 Group A Imagery and source data 11
311 Source table 11
312 Area of Interest 11
313 Image Footprint 12
32 Group B Crisis information layers 12
321 Observed Event 12
322 Ancillary crisis information 13
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed 14
331 Built-up 14
332 Facilities 15
333 Transportation 16
334 Land Use 17
34 Group D Ancillary base layers 18
341 Hydrography 18
342 Physiography 18
List of figures 21
List of tables 22
Annexes 23
Annex 1 Damage Assessment 23
Annex 2 Domains 26
Annex 3 Data Model 6
1
2
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the members of the CEMS Rapid Mapping consortium for
their contributions to the data model and this document
3
Abstract
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of Rapid
Mapping products Rapid Mapping is part of the Copernicus Emergency Management
Service (CEMS) - one of the six core services of the European Unionrsquos Earth observation
programme Copernicus Rapid Mapping is one of the two modules under CEMSrsquo Mapping
component which delivers geospatial information derived from remote sensing data to
support emergencies that require an immediate response
This is the reference document to which users should refer for handling Rapid Mapping
products It gives a detailed overview of the product characteristics The product delivery
package of Rapid Mapping contains a series of ready to print maps with different
resolutions and formats and a vector data package
4
List of abbreviations and definitions
AEM Activation Extension Map
AOI Area of Interest
CEMS Copernicus Emergency Management Service
CHAR Character data type
CLC CORINE Land Cover
CORINE Coordination of information on the environment
CSV Comma separated value
EFAS European Flood Awareness System
EFFIS European Forest Fire Information System
EM-DAT Emergency Events Database
EMSR Service identifier for CEMS Rapid Mapping
EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group - Geodetic Parameter Dataset
ER External reference
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute
FAM First Available Map
FK Foreign Key
GeoJSON Geographic JavaScript Object Notation
GEOM Geometry data type
GeoTIFF Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GLIDE GLobal IDEntifier number
GSD Ground sampling distance
INT Integer data type
ISO International Organization for Standardization
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
KML Keyhole Markup Language
KMZ Keyhole Markup Language Zipped
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
PDF Portable Document Format
PK Primary Key
RAMON Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures
SHP Shape file format
UN-OCHA United Nations Office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
WGS World Geodetic System
XLS Microsoft Excel file format
5
1 Background of the document
The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) is one of the six core services of
the European Unionrsquos Earth observation programme Copernicus CEMS has three main
components 1) the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) 2) the European Forest
Fire Information System (EFFIS) and 3) the on-demand Mapping services Rapid Mapping
(hereafter RM) is one of the two on-demand Mapping services available 247365 which
provides for selected areas of interest free and open access to geospatial datasets (maps
and layers) for emergencies that require an immediate response thus it provides fast
delivery of products (typically within 24-48h after the request)1 In order to meet the
time constraints in emergency situations the workflow and products are highly
standardised Geospatial datasets are derived from image data which are made available
through the Copernicus Space Component Data Access System Information
transparency and standardisation is key for making RM products easy to use integrate
and share among non-expert groups and responding agencies
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of RM
products It is the primary document that users should refer to for handling these as it
gives an overview of the product characteristics In particular it provides a description of
the geospatial layers as a feature catalogue according to ISOTC 211 definition The
document is valid for products produced since October 2017 and will be valid at least
until the first quarter of 2019
11 Content of the document
This document is structured as follows
mdash Section 2 presents an overview of the RM products
mdash Section 3 describes the RM data model amp feature catalogue
mdash ANNEX 1 provides a brief description of the damage assessment schema
mdash ANNEX 2 provides the complete list of domain values
mdash ANNEX 3 shows a complete description of the data model
12 Related Documents
The following documents were used to support the drafting of this document
mdash ER1 The Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard (DIGEST) Part 4 -
Annex A Features Codes (2000)2
mdash ER2 RAMON - Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures - Classification of
Types of Constructions (1998)3
mdash ER3 International Disaster Database Classification4
mdash ER4 CORINE Land Cover5
1 For an overview of the service see httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemsservice-overview 2 httpsportaldgiwgorgfilesartifact_id=3913ampformat=pdf 3 EUROSTAT RAMON classification 4 httpwwwemdatbeclassification 5 httpwwweeaeuropaeupublicationsCOR0-landcover
6
2 Product Overview
21 Product Structure and Access
The two fundamental output data sets of the RM service are geo-referenced ready-to-
print maps and geospatial layers corresponding to raster and vector data types
respectively
Ready-to-print maps are cartographic representations of a specific area of the earth ndash the
so-called area of interest - as defined by the Authorised User during the activation
initialization phase Ready-to-print maps have a predefined fixed scale and standardised
symbology (legend) which can contain different thematic information depending on the
user request For each map such thematic information is also delivered in the form of
geospatial vector layers which are composed of a geometry type (line point and
polygon) and a set of attributes in tabular format
The service distributes its products through the CEMS Mapping portal6 and a dedicated
SFTP (accessible for the user who activated the service)
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio
In the following sections the service portfolio is briefly described in order to provide a
base for understanding the main outputs of the service and related terminology More
detailed information is available on the CEMS Mapping Portal7 and in the Manual of
Operational Procedures8
221 Products and output formats
There are three main products (commonly referred as maps)
1 Reference map is usually based on a pre-event image and consists of selected
topographic features of the area affected by the disaster in particular exposed assets
and other available information
2 Delineation map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of
the eventrsquos extent
3 Grading map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of the
damage grade and its spatial distribution
For Grading and Delineation maps Monitoring maps can be provided They are based
on post-event images acquired after the one used for Delineation and Grading maps and
provide thus a situation update There can be more than one monitoring and each is
identified by a two digit number starting with 01
Another map type is released for each activation the so-called Activation Extent Map
(AEM) It provides an overview of the areas of interest of an activation and the maps
produced for each They also depict the status of production and indicate the imagery
used for the analysis
The three main map products (and related Monitoring maps) are provided in ready-to-
print maps (raster) and geospatial vector data
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi (dots per
inch)
6 httpemergencycopernicuseumapping 7 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemshow-use-service 8 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingsitesdefaultfilesfilesEMS_Mapping_Manual_of_Procedures_v1_3_finalpdf
7
GeoTIFF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
ESRI shapefiles Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
The Activation Extent Map is provided in the following formats
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
ESRI shape files Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
By default all maps are provided in UTM cartographic projection using WGS 84 geodetic
system (EPSG code 4326)
Geo-location accuracy is derived from native horizontal positional accuracy of the
baseline satellite data or other reference data
222 Activation Set-up
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets
Any RM service activation instance consists of one or more areas of interest (AOI)
representing the geographical areas to be mapped and analysed The example Activation
Extent Map in Figure 1 below shows an example for an activation set-up with AOIs and
related map products
Each AOI is identified with a place name (in the example below Calheta Funchal) and a
two digit number (in the example below 01 02) For each one or more maps (products)
are provided which together constitute a map-set Accordingly a map-set is a collection
of one or more maps (reference andor delineation andor grading) sharing the same
AOI Each map is a self-contained entity which is delivered both as a ready-to-print map
and geospatial vector data A map has a map type attribute (reference delineation
grading monitoring when relevant) which defines the purpose and content of the map
as well as the scale in which it is provided
8
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01 02) each
one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types
2222 File Naming
The RM raster and vector files will follow the naming convention in Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively The activation identifier EMSR[NNN] denotes the sequential RM activation
The map-set extent is defined by the Area-of-interest Identifier [AI] and by the
geographic name [LOCALITY] The map Type [MTY] can be REF (Reference) DEL
(Delineation) GRA (Grading) with additional MONIT suffix in case of monitoring map In
case of monitoring map the two digit sequential code [MM] denotes the chronological
order
The map version [V] corresponds to 0 for First Available Map (FAM) and 1 2 3 for
subsequent versions in case of cartographic amendments or corrections
The optional language code [LN] indicates the European language in which the map has
been produced (2-digit country code ISO 3166-2) It applies to raster files only and is
omitted if the map is produced in the default English language
The printing resolution [FFF] in dots per inch (dpi) can be 100 200 and 300 It applies
to raster files only
FEATURENAME describes the information content of the layer according to the RM data
catalogue It applies to vector files only
GEOM is a one-character code indicating the geometry type l=line p=point a=area
(polygon) It applies to vector files only
The file extension [xxx] can be tif jpg pdf for raster files shp (and related files dbf
prj shx) kmz for vector files and dbf for tabular files
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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2
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the members of the CEMS Rapid Mapping consortium for
their contributions to the data model and this document
3
Abstract
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of Rapid
Mapping products Rapid Mapping is part of the Copernicus Emergency Management
Service (CEMS) - one of the six core services of the European Unionrsquos Earth observation
programme Copernicus Rapid Mapping is one of the two modules under CEMSrsquo Mapping
component which delivers geospatial information derived from remote sensing data to
support emergencies that require an immediate response
This is the reference document to which users should refer for handling Rapid Mapping
products It gives a detailed overview of the product characteristics The product delivery
package of Rapid Mapping contains a series of ready to print maps with different
resolutions and formats and a vector data package
4
List of abbreviations and definitions
AEM Activation Extension Map
AOI Area of Interest
CEMS Copernicus Emergency Management Service
CHAR Character data type
CLC CORINE Land Cover
CORINE Coordination of information on the environment
CSV Comma separated value
EFAS European Flood Awareness System
EFFIS European Forest Fire Information System
EM-DAT Emergency Events Database
EMSR Service identifier for CEMS Rapid Mapping
EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group - Geodetic Parameter Dataset
ER External reference
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute
FAM First Available Map
FK Foreign Key
GeoJSON Geographic JavaScript Object Notation
GEOM Geometry data type
GeoTIFF Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GLIDE GLobal IDEntifier number
GSD Ground sampling distance
INT Integer data type
ISO International Organization for Standardization
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
KML Keyhole Markup Language
KMZ Keyhole Markup Language Zipped
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
PDF Portable Document Format
PK Primary Key
RAMON Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures
SHP Shape file format
UN-OCHA United Nations Office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
WGS World Geodetic System
XLS Microsoft Excel file format
5
1 Background of the document
The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) is one of the six core services of
the European Unionrsquos Earth observation programme Copernicus CEMS has three main
components 1) the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) 2) the European Forest
Fire Information System (EFFIS) and 3) the on-demand Mapping services Rapid Mapping
(hereafter RM) is one of the two on-demand Mapping services available 247365 which
provides for selected areas of interest free and open access to geospatial datasets (maps
and layers) for emergencies that require an immediate response thus it provides fast
delivery of products (typically within 24-48h after the request)1 In order to meet the
time constraints in emergency situations the workflow and products are highly
standardised Geospatial datasets are derived from image data which are made available
through the Copernicus Space Component Data Access System Information
transparency and standardisation is key for making RM products easy to use integrate
and share among non-expert groups and responding agencies
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of RM
products It is the primary document that users should refer to for handling these as it
gives an overview of the product characteristics In particular it provides a description of
the geospatial layers as a feature catalogue according to ISOTC 211 definition The
document is valid for products produced since October 2017 and will be valid at least
until the first quarter of 2019
11 Content of the document
This document is structured as follows
mdash Section 2 presents an overview of the RM products
mdash Section 3 describes the RM data model amp feature catalogue
mdash ANNEX 1 provides a brief description of the damage assessment schema
mdash ANNEX 2 provides the complete list of domain values
mdash ANNEX 3 shows a complete description of the data model
12 Related Documents
The following documents were used to support the drafting of this document
mdash ER1 The Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard (DIGEST) Part 4 -
Annex A Features Codes (2000)2
mdash ER2 RAMON - Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures - Classification of
Types of Constructions (1998)3
mdash ER3 International Disaster Database Classification4
mdash ER4 CORINE Land Cover5
1 For an overview of the service see httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemsservice-overview 2 httpsportaldgiwgorgfilesartifact_id=3913ampformat=pdf 3 EUROSTAT RAMON classification 4 httpwwwemdatbeclassification 5 httpwwweeaeuropaeupublicationsCOR0-landcover
6
2 Product Overview
21 Product Structure and Access
The two fundamental output data sets of the RM service are geo-referenced ready-to-
print maps and geospatial layers corresponding to raster and vector data types
respectively
Ready-to-print maps are cartographic representations of a specific area of the earth ndash the
so-called area of interest - as defined by the Authorised User during the activation
initialization phase Ready-to-print maps have a predefined fixed scale and standardised
symbology (legend) which can contain different thematic information depending on the
user request For each map such thematic information is also delivered in the form of
geospatial vector layers which are composed of a geometry type (line point and
polygon) and a set of attributes in tabular format
The service distributes its products through the CEMS Mapping portal6 and a dedicated
SFTP (accessible for the user who activated the service)
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio
In the following sections the service portfolio is briefly described in order to provide a
base for understanding the main outputs of the service and related terminology More
detailed information is available on the CEMS Mapping Portal7 and in the Manual of
Operational Procedures8
221 Products and output formats
There are three main products (commonly referred as maps)
1 Reference map is usually based on a pre-event image and consists of selected
topographic features of the area affected by the disaster in particular exposed assets
and other available information
2 Delineation map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of
the eventrsquos extent
3 Grading map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of the
damage grade and its spatial distribution
For Grading and Delineation maps Monitoring maps can be provided They are based
on post-event images acquired after the one used for Delineation and Grading maps and
provide thus a situation update There can be more than one monitoring and each is
identified by a two digit number starting with 01
Another map type is released for each activation the so-called Activation Extent Map
(AEM) It provides an overview of the areas of interest of an activation and the maps
produced for each They also depict the status of production and indicate the imagery
used for the analysis
The three main map products (and related Monitoring maps) are provided in ready-to-
print maps (raster) and geospatial vector data
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi (dots per
inch)
6 httpemergencycopernicuseumapping 7 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemshow-use-service 8 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingsitesdefaultfilesfilesEMS_Mapping_Manual_of_Procedures_v1_3_finalpdf
7
GeoTIFF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
ESRI shapefiles Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
The Activation Extent Map is provided in the following formats
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
ESRI shape files Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
By default all maps are provided in UTM cartographic projection using WGS 84 geodetic
system (EPSG code 4326)
Geo-location accuracy is derived from native horizontal positional accuracy of the
baseline satellite data or other reference data
222 Activation Set-up
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets
Any RM service activation instance consists of one or more areas of interest (AOI)
representing the geographical areas to be mapped and analysed The example Activation
Extent Map in Figure 1 below shows an example for an activation set-up with AOIs and
related map products
Each AOI is identified with a place name (in the example below Calheta Funchal) and a
two digit number (in the example below 01 02) For each one or more maps (products)
are provided which together constitute a map-set Accordingly a map-set is a collection
of one or more maps (reference andor delineation andor grading) sharing the same
AOI Each map is a self-contained entity which is delivered both as a ready-to-print map
and geospatial vector data A map has a map type attribute (reference delineation
grading monitoring when relevant) which defines the purpose and content of the map
as well as the scale in which it is provided
8
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01 02) each
one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types
2222 File Naming
The RM raster and vector files will follow the naming convention in Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively The activation identifier EMSR[NNN] denotes the sequential RM activation
The map-set extent is defined by the Area-of-interest Identifier [AI] and by the
geographic name [LOCALITY] The map Type [MTY] can be REF (Reference) DEL
(Delineation) GRA (Grading) with additional MONIT suffix in case of monitoring map In
case of monitoring map the two digit sequential code [MM] denotes the chronological
order
The map version [V] corresponds to 0 for First Available Map (FAM) and 1 2 3 for
subsequent versions in case of cartographic amendments or corrections
The optional language code [LN] indicates the European language in which the map has
been produced (2-digit country code ISO 3166-2) It applies to raster files only and is
omitted if the map is produced in the default English language
The printing resolution [FFF] in dots per inch (dpi) can be 100 200 and 300 It applies
to raster files only
FEATURENAME describes the information content of the layer according to the RM data
catalogue It applies to vector files only
GEOM is a one-character code indicating the geometry type l=line p=point a=area
(polygon) It applies to vector files only
The file extension [xxx] can be tif jpg pdf for raster files shp (and related files dbf
prj shx) kmz for vector files and dbf for tabular files
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
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bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
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doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
2
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the members of the CEMS Rapid Mapping consortium for
their contributions to the data model and this document
3
Abstract
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of Rapid
Mapping products Rapid Mapping is part of the Copernicus Emergency Management
Service (CEMS) - one of the six core services of the European Unionrsquos Earth observation
programme Copernicus Rapid Mapping is one of the two modules under CEMSrsquo Mapping
component which delivers geospatial information derived from remote sensing data to
support emergencies that require an immediate response
This is the reference document to which users should refer for handling Rapid Mapping
products It gives a detailed overview of the product characteristics The product delivery
package of Rapid Mapping contains a series of ready to print maps with different
resolutions and formats and a vector data package
4
List of abbreviations and definitions
AEM Activation Extension Map
AOI Area of Interest
CEMS Copernicus Emergency Management Service
CHAR Character data type
CLC CORINE Land Cover
CORINE Coordination of information on the environment
CSV Comma separated value
EFAS European Flood Awareness System
EFFIS European Forest Fire Information System
EM-DAT Emergency Events Database
EMSR Service identifier for CEMS Rapid Mapping
EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group - Geodetic Parameter Dataset
ER External reference
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute
FAM First Available Map
FK Foreign Key
GeoJSON Geographic JavaScript Object Notation
GEOM Geometry data type
GeoTIFF Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GLIDE GLobal IDEntifier number
GSD Ground sampling distance
INT Integer data type
ISO International Organization for Standardization
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
KML Keyhole Markup Language
KMZ Keyhole Markup Language Zipped
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
PDF Portable Document Format
PK Primary Key
RAMON Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures
SHP Shape file format
UN-OCHA United Nations Office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
WGS World Geodetic System
XLS Microsoft Excel file format
5
1 Background of the document
The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) is one of the six core services of
the European Unionrsquos Earth observation programme Copernicus CEMS has three main
components 1) the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) 2) the European Forest
Fire Information System (EFFIS) and 3) the on-demand Mapping services Rapid Mapping
(hereafter RM) is one of the two on-demand Mapping services available 247365 which
provides for selected areas of interest free and open access to geospatial datasets (maps
and layers) for emergencies that require an immediate response thus it provides fast
delivery of products (typically within 24-48h after the request)1 In order to meet the
time constraints in emergency situations the workflow and products are highly
standardised Geospatial datasets are derived from image data which are made available
through the Copernicus Space Component Data Access System Information
transparency and standardisation is key for making RM products easy to use integrate
and share among non-expert groups and responding agencies
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of RM
products It is the primary document that users should refer to for handling these as it
gives an overview of the product characteristics In particular it provides a description of
the geospatial layers as a feature catalogue according to ISOTC 211 definition The
document is valid for products produced since October 2017 and will be valid at least
until the first quarter of 2019
11 Content of the document
This document is structured as follows
mdash Section 2 presents an overview of the RM products
mdash Section 3 describes the RM data model amp feature catalogue
mdash ANNEX 1 provides a brief description of the damage assessment schema
mdash ANNEX 2 provides the complete list of domain values
mdash ANNEX 3 shows a complete description of the data model
12 Related Documents
The following documents were used to support the drafting of this document
mdash ER1 The Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard (DIGEST) Part 4 -
Annex A Features Codes (2000)2
mdash ER2 RAMON - Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures - Classification of
Types of Constructions (1998)3
mdash ER3 International Disaster Database Classification4
mdash ER4 CORINE Land Cover5
1 For an overview of the service see httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemsservice-overview 2 httpsportaldgiwgorgfilesartifact_id=3913ampformat=pdf 3 EUROSTAT RAMON classification 4 httpwwwemdatbeclassification 5 httpwwweeaeuropaeupublicationsCOR0-landcover
6
2 Product Overview
21 Product Structure and Access
The two fundamental output data sets of the RM service are geo-referenced ready-to-
print maps and geospatial layers corresponding to raster and vector data types
respectively
Ready-to-print maps are cartographic representations of a specific area of the earth ndash the
so-called area of interest - as defined by the Authorised User during the activation
initialization phase Ready-to-print maps have a predefined fixed scale and standardised
symbology (legend) which can contain different thematic information depending on the
user request For each map such thematic information is also delivered in the form of
geospatial vector layers which are composed of a geometry type (line point and
polygon) and a set of attributes in tabular format
The service distributes its products through the CEMS Mapping portal6 and a dedicated
SFTP (accessible for the user who activated the service)
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio
In the following sections the service portfolio is briefly described in order to provide a
base for understanding the main outputs of the service and related terminology More
detailed information is available on the CEMS Mapping Portal7 and in the Manual of
Operational Procedures8
221 Products and output formats
There are three main products (commonly referred as maps)
1 Reference map is usually based on a pre-event image and consists of selected
topographic features of the area affected by the disaster in particular exposed assets
and other available information
2 Delineation map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of
the eventrsquos extent
3 Grading map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of the
damage grade and its spatial distribution
For Grading and Delineation maps Monitoring maps can be provided They are based
on post-event images acquired after the one used for Delineation and Grading maps and
provide thus a situation update There can be more than one monitoring and each is
identified by a two digit number starting with 01
Another map type is released for each activation the so-called Activation Extent Map
(AEM) It provides an overview of the areas of interest of an activation and the maps
produced for each They also depict the status of production and indicate the imagery
used for the analysis
The three main map products (and related Monitoring maps) are provided in ready-to-
print maps (raster) and geospatial vector data
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi (dots per
inch)
6 httpemergencycopernicuseumapping 7 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemshow-use-service 8 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingsitesdefaultfilesfilesEMS_Mapping_Manual_of_Procedures_v1_3_finalpdf
7
GeoTIFF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
ESRI shapefiles Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
The Activation Extent Map is provided in the following formats
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
ESRI shape files Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
By default all maps are provided in UTM cartographic projection using WGS 84 geodetic
system (EPSG code 4326)
Geo-location accuracy is derived from native horizontal positional accuracy of the
baseline satellite data or other reference data
222 Activation Set-up
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets
Any RM service activation instance consists of one or more areas of interest (AOI)
representing the geographical areas to be mapped and analysed The example Activation
Extent Map in Figure 1 below shows an example for an activation set-up with AOIs and
related map products
Each AOI is identified with a place name (in the example below Calheta Funchal) and a
two digit number (in the example below 01 02) For each one or more maps (products)
are provided which together constitute a map-set Accordingly a map-set is a collection
of one or more maps (reference andor delineation andor grading) sharing the same
AOI Each map is a self-contained entity which is delivered both as a ready-to-print map
and geospatial vector data A map has a map type attribute (reference delineation
grading monitoring when relevant) which defines the purpose and content of the map
as well as the scale in which it is provided
8
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01 02) each
one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types
2222 File Naming
The RM raster and vector files will follow the naming convention in Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively The activation identifier EMSR[NNN] denotes the sequential RM activation
The map-set extent is defined by the Area-of-interest Identifier [AI] and by the
geographic name [LOCALITY] The map Type [MTY] can be REF (Reference) DEL
(Delineation) GRA (Grading) with additional MONIT suffix in case of monitoring map In
case of monitoring map the two digit sequential code [MM] denotes the chronological
order
The map version [V] corresponds to 0 for First Available Map (FAM) and 1 2 3 for
subsequent versions in case of cartographic amendments or corrections
The optional language code [LN] indicates the European language in which the map has
been produced (2-digit country code ISO 3166-2) It applies to raster files only and is
omitted if the map is produced in the default English language
The printing resolution [FFF] in dots per inch (dpi) can be 100 200 and 300 It applies
to raster files only
FEATURENAME describes the information content of the layer according to the RM data
catalogue It applies to vector files only
GEOM is a one-character code indicating the geometry type l=line p=point a=area
(polygon) It applies to vector files only
The file extension [xxx] can be tif jpg pdf for raster files shp (and related files dbf
prj shx) kmz for vector files and dbf for tabular files
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
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3
Abstract
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of Rapid
Mapping products Rapid Mapping is part of the Copernicus Emergency Management
Service (CEMS) - one of the six core services of the European Unionrsquos Earth observation
programme Copernicus Rapid Mapping is one of the two modules under CEMSrsquo Mapping
component which delivers geospatial information derived from remote sensing data to
support emergencies that require an immediate response
This is the reference document to which users should refer for handling Rapid Mapping
products It gives a detailed overview of the product characteristics The product delivery
package of Rapid Mapping contains a series of ready to print maps with different
resolutions and formats and a vector data package
4
List of abbreviations and definitions
AEM Activation Extension Map
AOI Area of Interest
CEMS Copernicus Emergency Management Service
CHAR Character data type
CLC CORINE Land Cover
CORINE Coordination of information on the environment
CSV Comma separated value
EFAS European Flood Awareness System
EFFIS European Forest Fire Information System
EM-DAT Emergency Events Database
EMSR Service identifier for CEMS Rapid Mapping
EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group - Geodetic Parameter Dataset
ER External reference
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute
FAM First Available Map
FK Foreign Key
GeoJSON Geographic JavaScript Object Notation
GEOM Geometry data type
GeoTIFF Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GLIDE GLobal IDEntifier number
GSD Ground sampling distance
INT Integer data type
ISO International Organization for Standardization
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
KML Keyhole Markup Language
KMZ Keyhole Markup Language Zipped
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
PDF Portable Document Format
PK Primary Key
RAMON Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures
SHP Shape file format
UN-OCHA United Nations Office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
WGS World Geodetic System
XLS Microsoft Excel file format
5
1 Background of the document
The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) is one of the six core services of
the European Unionrsquos Earth observation programme Copernicus CEMS has three main
components 1) the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) 2) the European Forest
Fire Information System (EFFIS) and 3) the on-demand Mapping services Rapid Mapping
(hereafter RM) is one of the two on-demand Mapping services available 247365 which
provides for selected areas of interest free and open access to geospatial datasets (maps
and layers) for emergencies that require an immediate response thus it provides fast
delivery of products (typically within 24-48h after the request)1 In order to meet the
time constraints in emergency situations the workflow and products are highly
standardised Geospatial datasets are derived from image data which are made available
through the Copernicus Space Component Data Access System Information
transparency and standardisation is key for making RM products easy to use integrate
and share among non-expert groups and responding agencies
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of RM
products It is the primary document that users should refer to for handling these as it
gives an overview of the product characteristics In particular it provides a description of
the geospatial layers as a feature catalogue according to ISOTC 211 definition The
document is valid for products produced since October 2017 and will be valid at least
until the first quarter of 2019
11 Content of the document
This document is structured as follows
mdash Section 2 presents an overview of the RM products
mdash Section 3 describes the RM data model amp feature catalogue
mdash ANNEX 1 provides a brief description of the damage assessment schema
mdash ANNEX 2 provides the complete list of domain values
mdash ANNEX 3 shows a complete description of the data model
12 Related Documents
The following documents were used to support the drafting of this document
mdash ER1 The Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard (DIGEST) Part 4 -
Annex A Features Codes (2000)2
mdash ER2 RAMON - Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures - Classification of
Types of Constructions (1998)3
mdash ER3 International Disaster Database Classification4
mdash ER4 CORINE Land Cover5
1 For an overview of the service see httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemsservice-overview 2 httpsportaldgiwgorgfilesartifact_id=3913ampformat=pdf 3 EUROSTAT RAMON classification 4 httpwwwemdatbeclassification 5 httpwwweeaeuropaeupublicationsCOR0-landcover
6
2 Product Overview
21 Product Structure and Access
The two fundamental output data sets of the RM service are geo-referenced ready-to-
print maps and geospatial layers corresponding to raster and vector data types
respectively
Ready-to-print maps are cartographic representations of a specific area of the earth ndash the
so-called area of interest - as defined by the Authorised User during the activation
initialization phase Ready-to-print maps have a predefined fixed scale and standardised
symbology (legend) which can contain different thematic information depending on the
user request For each map such thematic information is also delivered in the form of
geospatial vector layers which are composed of a geometry type (line point and
polygon) and a set of attributes in tabular format
The service distributes its products through the CEMS Mapping portal6 and a dedicated
SFTP (accessible for the user who activated the service)
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio
In the following sections the service portfolio is briefly described in order to provide a
base for understanding the main outputs of the service and related terminology More
detailed information is available on the CEMS Mapping Portal7 and in the Manual of
Operational Procedures8
221 Products and output formats
There are three main products (commonly referred as maps)
1 Reference map is usually based on a pre-event image and consists of selected
topographic features of the area affected by the disaster in particular exposed assets
and other available information
2 Delineation map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of
the eventrsquos extent
3 Grading map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of the
damage grade and its spatial distribution
For Grading and Delineation maps Monitoring maps can be provided They are based
on post-event images acquired after the one used for Delineation and Grading maps and
provide thus a situation update There can be more than one monitoring and each is
identified by a two digit number starting with 01
Another map type is released for each activation the so-called Activation Extent Map
(AEM) It provides an overview of the areas of interest of an activation and the maps
produced for each They also depict the status of production and indicate the imagery
used for the analysis
The three main map products (and related Monitoring maps) are provided in ready-to-
print maps (raster) and geospatial vector data
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi (dots per
inch)
6 httpemergencycopernicuseumapping 7 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemshow-use-service 8 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingsitesdefaultfilesfilesEMS_Mapping_Manual_of_Procedures_v1_3_finalpdf
7
GeoTIFF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
ESRI shapefiles Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
The Activation Extent Map is provided in the following formats
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
ESRI shape files Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
By default all maps are provided in UTM cartographic projection using WGS 84 geodetic
system (EPSG code 4326)
Geo-location accuracy is derived from native horizontal positional accuracy of the
baseline satellite data or other reference data
222 Activation Set-up
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets
Any RM service activation instance consists of one or more areas of interest (AOI)
representing the geographical areas to be mapped and analysed The example Activation
Extent Map in Figure 1 below shows an example for an activation set-up with AOIs and
related map products
Each AOI is identified with a place name (in the example below Calheta Funchal) and a
two digit number (in the example below 01 02) For each one or more maps (products)
are provided which together constitute a map-set Accordingly a map-set is a collection
of one or more maps (reference andor delineation andor grading) sharing the same
AOI Each map is a self-contained entity which is delivered both as a ready-to-print map
and geospatial vector data A map has a map type attribute (reference delineation
grading monitoring when relevant) which defines the purpose and content of the map
as well as the scale in which it is provided
8
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01 02) each
one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types
2222 File Naming
The RM raster and vector files will follow the naming convention in Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively The activation identifier EMSR[NNN] denotes the sequential RM activation
The map-set extent is defined by the Area-of-interest Identifier [AI] and by the
geographic name [LOCALITY] The map Type [MTY] can be REF (Reference) DEL
(Delineation) GRA (Grading) with additional MONIT suffix in case of monitoring map In
case of monitoring map the two digit sequential code [MM] denotes the chronological
order
The map version [V] corresponds to 0 for First Available Map (FAM) and 1 2 3 for
subsequent versions in case of cartographic amendments or corrections
The optional language code [LN] indicates the European language in which the map has
been produced (2-digit country code ISO 3166-2) It applies to raster files only and is
omitted if the map is produced in the default English language
The printing resolution [FFF] in dots per inch (dpi) can be 100 200 and 300 It applies
to raster files only
FEATURENAME describes the information content of the layer according to the RM data
catalogue It applies to vector files only
GEOM is a one-character code indicating the geometry type l=line p=point a=area
(polygon) It applies to vector files only
The file extension [xxx] can be tif jpg pdf for raster files shp (and related files dbf
prj shx) kmz for vector files and dbf for tabular files
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
4
List of abbreviations and definitions
AEM Activation Extension Map
AOI Area of Interest
CEMS Copernicus Emergency Management Service
CHAR Character data type
CLC CORINE Land Cover
CORINE Coordination of information on the environment
CSV Comma separated value
EFAS European Flood Awareness System
EFFIS European Forest Fire Information System
EM-DAT Emergency Events Database
EMSR Service identifier for CEMS Rapid Mapping
EPSG European Petroleum Survey Group - Geodetic Parameter Dataset
ER External reference
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute
FAM First Available Map
FK Foreign Key
GeoJSON Geographic JavaScript Object Notation
GEOM Geometry data type
GeoTIFF Georeferenced Tagged Image File Format
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GLIDE GLobal IDEntifier number
GSD Ground sampling distance
INT Integer data type
ISO International Organization for Standardization
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
KML Keyhole Markup Language
KMZ Keyhole Markup Language Zipped
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
PDF Portable Document Format
PK Primary Key
RAMON Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures
SHP Shape file format
UN-OCHA United Nations Office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
UTM Universal Transverse Mercator
WGS World Geodetic System
XLS Microsoft Excel file format
5
1 Background of the document
The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) is one of the six core services of
the European Unionrsquos Earth observation programme Copernicus CEMS has three main
components 1) the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) 2) the European Forest
Fire Information System (EFFIS) and 3) the on-demand Mapping services Rapid Mapping
(hereafter RM) is one of the two on-demand Mapping services available 247365 which
provides for selected areas of interest free and open access to geospatial datasets (maps
and layers) for emergencies that require an immediate response thus it provides fast
delivery of products (typically within 24-48h after the request)1 In order to meet the
time constraints in emergency situations the workflow and products are highly
standardised Geospatial datasets are derived from image data which are made available
through the Copernicus Space Component Data Access System Information
transparency and standardisation is key for making RM products easy to use integrate
and share among non-expert groups and responding agencies
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of RM
products It is the primary document that users should refer to for handling these as it
gives an overview of the product characteristics In particular it provides a description of
the geospatial layers as a feature catalogue according to ISOTC 211 definition The
document is valid for products produced since October 2017 and will be valid at least
until the first quarter of 2019
11 Content of the document
This document is structured as follows
mdash Section 2 presents an overview of the RM products
mdash Section 3 describes the RM data model amp feature catalogue
mdash ANNEX 1 provides a brief description of the damage assessment schema
mdash ANNEX 2 provides the complete list of domain values
mdash ANNEX 3 shows a complete description of the data model
12 Related Documents
The following documents were used to support the drafting of this document
mdash ER1 The Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard (DIGEST) Part 4 -
Annex A Features Codes (2000)2
mdash ER2 RAMON - Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures - Classification of
Types of Constructions (1998)3
mdash ER3 International Disaster Database Classification4
mdash ER4 CORINE Land Cover5
1 For an overview of the service see httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemsservice-overview 2 httpsportaldgiwgorgfilesartifact_id=3913ampformat=pdf 3 EUROSTAT RAMON classification 4 httpwwwemdatbeclassification 5 httpwwweeaeuropaeupublicationsCOR0-landcover
6
2 Product Overview
21 Product Structure and Access
The two fundamental output data sets of the RM service are geo-referenced ready-to-
print maps and geospatial layers corresponding to raster and vector data types
respectively
Ready-to-print maps are cartographic representations of a specific area of the earth ndash the
so-called area of interest - as defined by the Authorised User during the activation
initialization phase Ready-to-print maps have a predefined fixed scale and standardised
symbology (legend) which can contain different thematic information depending on the
user request For each map such thematic information is also delivered in the form of
geospatial vector layers which are composed of a geometry type (line point and
polygon) and a set of attributes in tabular format
The service distributes its products through the CEMS Mapping portal6 and a dedicated
SFTP (accessible for the user who activated the service)
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio
In the following sections the service portfolio is briefly described in order to provide a
base for understanding the main outputs of the service and related terminology More
detailed information is available on the CEMS Mapping Portal7 and in the Manual of
Operational Procedures8
221 Products and output formats
There are three main products (commonly referred as maps)
1 Reference map is usually based on a pre-event image and consists of selected
topographic features of the area affected by the disaster in particular exposed assets
and other available information
2 Delineation map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of
the eventrsquos extent
3 Grading map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of the
damage grade and its spatial distribution
For Grading and Delineation maps Monitoring maps can be provided They are based
on post-event images acquired after the one used for Delineation and Grading maps and
provide thus a situation update There can be more than one monitoring and each is
identified by a two digit number starting with 01
Another map type is released for each activation the so-called Activation Extent Map
(AEM) It provides an overview of the areas of interest of an activation and the maps
produced for each They also depict the status of production and indicate the imagery
used for the analysis
The three main map products (and related Monitoring maps) are provided in ready-to-
print maps (raster) and geospatial vector data
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi (dots per
inch)
6 httpemergencycopernicuseumapping 7 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemshow-use-service 8 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingsitesdefaultfilesfilesEMS_Mapping_Manual_of_Procedures_v1_3_finalpdf
7
GeoTIFF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
ESRI shapefiles Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
The Activation Extent Map is provided in the following formats
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
ESRI shape files Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
By default all maps are provided in UTM cartographic projection using WGS 84 geodetic
system (EPSG code 4326)
Geo-location accuracy is derived from native horizontal positional accuracy of the
baseline satellite data or other reference data
222 Activation Set-up
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets
Any RM service activation instance consists of one or more areas of interest (AOI)
representing the geographical areas to be mapped and analysed The example Activation
Extent Map in Figure 1 below shows an example for an activation set-up with AOIs and
related map products
Each AOI is identified with a place name (in the example below Calheta Funchal) and a
two digit number (in the example below 01 02) For each one or more maps (products)
are provided which together constitute a map-set Accordingly a map-set is a collection
of one or more maps (reference andor delineation andor grading) sharing the same
AOI Each map is a self-contained entity which is delivered both as a ready-to-print map
and geospatial vector data A map has a map type attribute (reference delineation
grading monitoring when relevant) which defines the purpose and content of the map
as well as the scale in which it is provided
8
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01 02) each
one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types
2222 File Naming
The RM raster and vector files will follow the naming convention in Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively The activation identifier EMSR[NNN] denotes the sequential RM activation
The map-set extent is defined by the Area-of-interest Identifier [AI] and by the
geographic name [LOCALITY] The map Type [MTY] can be REF (Reference) DEL
(Delineation) GRA (Grading) with additional MONIT suffix in case of monitoring map In
case of monitoring map the two digit sequential code [MM] denotes the chronological
order
The map version [V] corresponds to 0 for First Available Map (FAM) and 1 2 3 for
subsequent versions in case of cartographic amendments or corrections
The optional language code [LN] indicates the European language in which the map has
been produced (2-digit country code ISO 3166-2) It applies to raster files only and is
omitted if the map is produced in the default English language
The printing resolution [FFF] in dots per inch (dpi) can be 100 200 and 300 It applies
to raster files only
FEATURENAME describes the information content of the layer according to the RM data
catalogue It applies to vector files only
GEOM is a one-character code indicating the geometry type l=line p=point a=area
(polygon) It applies to vector files only
The file extension [xxx] can be tif jpg pdf for raster files shp (and related files dbf
prj shx) kmz for vector files and dbf for tabular files
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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5
1 Background of the document
The Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS) is one of the six core services of
the European Unionrsquos Earth observation programme Copernicus CEMS has three main
components 1) the European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) 2) the European Forest
Fire Information System (EFFIS) and 3) the on-demand Mapping services Rapid Mapping
(hereafter RM) is one of the two on-demand Mapping services available 247365 which
provides for selected areas of interest free and open access to geospatial datasets (maps
and layers) for emergencies that require an immediate response thus it provides fast
delivery of products (typically within 24-48h after the request)1 In order to meet the
time constraints in emergency situations the workflow and products are highly
standardised Geospatial datasets are derived from image data which are made available
through the Copernicus Space Component Data Access System Information
transparency and standardisation is key for making RM products easy to use integrate
and share among non-expert groups and responding agencies
The scope of this document is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of RM
products It is the primary document that users should refer to for handling these as it
gives an overview of the product characteristics In particular it provides a description of
the geospatial layers as a feature catalogue according to ISOTC 211 definition The
document is valid for products produced since October 2017 and will be valid at least
until the first quarter of 2019
11 Content of the document
This document is structured as follows
mdash Section 2 presents an overview of the RM products
mdash Section 3 describes the RM data model amp feature catalogue
mdash ANNEX 1 provides a brief description of the damage assessment schema
mdash ANNEX 2 provides the complete list of domain values
mdash ANNEX 3 shows a complete description of the data model
12 Related Documents
The following documents were used to support the drafting of this document
mdash ER1 The Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard (DIGEST) Part 4 -
Annex A Features Codes (2000)2
mdash ER2 RAMON - Reference And Management Of Nomenclatures - Classification of
Types of Constructions (1998)3
mdash ER3 International Disaster Database Classification4
mdash ER4 CORINE Land Cover5
1 For an overview of the service see httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemsservice-overview 2 httpsportaldgiwgorgfilesartifact_id=3913ampformat=pdf 3 EUROSTAT RAMON classification 4 httpwwwemdatbeclassification 5 httpwwweeaeuropaeupublicationsCOR0-landcover
6
2 Product Overview
21 Product Structure and Access
The two fundamental output data sets of the RM service are geo-referenced ready-to-
print maps and geospatial layers corresponding to raster and vector data types
respectively
Ready-to-print maps are cartographic representations of a specific area of the earth ndash the
so-called area of interest - as defined by the Authorised User during the activation
initialization phase Ready-to-print maps have a predefined fixed scale and standardised
symbology (legend) which can contain different thematic information depending on the
user request For each map such thematic information is also delivered in the form of
geospatial vector layers which are composed of a geometry type (line point and
polygon) and a set of attributes in tabular format
The service distributes its products through the CEMS Mapping portal6 and a dedicated
SFTP (accessible for the user who activated the service)
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio
In the following sections the service portfolio is briefly described in order to provide a
base for understanding the main outputs of the service and related terminology More
detailed information is available on the CEMS Mapping Portal7 and in the Manual of
Operational Procedures8
221 Products and output formats
There are three main products (commonly referred as maps)
1 Reference map is usually based on a pre-event image and consists of selected
topographic features of the area affected by the disaster in particular exposed assets
and other available information
2 Delineation map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of
the eventrsquos extent
3 Grading map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of the
damage grade and its spatial distribution
For Grading and Delineation maps Monitoring maps can be provided They are based
on post-event images acquired after the one used for Delineation and Grading maps and
provide thus a situation update There can be more than one monitoring and each is
identified by a two digit number starting with 01
Another map type is released for each activation the so-called Activation Extent Map
(AEM) It provides an overview of the areas of interest of an activation and the maps
produced for each They also depict the status of production and indicate the imagery
used for the analysis
The three main map products (and related Monitoring maps) are provided in ready-to-
print maps (raster) and geospatial vector data
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi (dots per
inch)
6 httpemergencycopernicuseumapping 7 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemshow-use-service 8 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingsitesdefaultfilesfilesEMS_Mapping_Manual_of_Procedures_v1_3_finalpdf
7
GeoTIFF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
ESRI shapefiles Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
The Activation Extent Map is provided in the following formats
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
ESRI shape files Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
By default all maps are provided in UTM cartographic projection using WGS 84 geodetic
system (EPSG code 4326)
Geo-location accuracy is derived from native horizontal positional accuracy of the
baseline satellite data or other reference data
222 Activation Set-up
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets
Any RM service activation instance consists of one or more areas of interest (AOI)
representing the geographical areas to be mapped and analysed The example Activation
Extent Map in Figure 1 below shows an example for an activation set-up with AOIs and
related map products
Each AOI is identified with a place name (in the example below Calheta Funchal) and a
two digit number (in the example below 01 02) For each one or more maps (products)
are provided which together constitute a map-set Accordingly a map-set is a collection
of one or more maps (reference andor delineation andor grading) sharing the same
AOI Each map is a self-contained entity which is delivered both as a ready-to-print map
and geospatial vector data A map has a map type attribute (reference delineation
grading monitoring when relevant) which defines the purpose and content of the map
as well as the scale in which it is provided
8
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01 02) each
one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types
2222 File Naming
The RM raster and vector files will follow the naming convention in Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively The activation identifier EMSR[NNN] denotes the sequential RM activation
The map-set extent is defined by the Area-of-interest Identifier [AI] and by the
geographic name [LOCALITY] The map Type [MTY] can be REF (Reference) DEL
(Delineation) GRA (Grading) with additional MONIT suffix in case of monitoring map In
case of monitoring map the two digit sequential code [MM] denotes the chronological
order
The map version [V] corresponds to 0 for First Available Map (FAM) and 1 2 3 for
subsequent versions in case of cartographic amendments or corrections
The optional language code [LN] indicates the European language in which the map has
been produced (2-digit country code ISO 3166-2) It applies to raster files only and is
omitted if the map is produced in the default English language
The printing resolution [FFF] in dots per inch (dpi) can be 100 200 and 300 It applies
to raster files only
FEATURENAME describes the information content of the layer according to the RM data
catalogue It applies to vector files only
GEOM is a one-character code indicating the geometry type l=line p=point a=area
(polygon) It applies to vector files only
The file extension [xxx] can be tif jpg pdf for raster files shp (and related files dbf
prj shx) kmz for vector files and dbf for tabular files
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
6
2 Product Overview
21 Product Structure and Access
The two fundamental output data sets of the RM service are geo-referenced ready-to-
print maps and geospatial layers corresponding to raster and vector data types
respectively
Ready-to-print maps are cartographic representations of a specific area of the earth ndash the
so-called area of interest - as defined by the Authorised User during the activation
initialization phase Ready-to-print maps have a predefined fixed scale and standardised
symbology (legend) which can contain different thematic information depending on the
user request For each map such thematic information is also delivered in the form of
geospatial vector layers which are composed of a geometry type (line point and
polygon) and a set of attributes in tabular format
The service distributes its products through the CEMS Mapping portal6 and a dedicated
SFTP (accessible for the user who activated the service)
22 Rapid Mapping Service Portfolio
In the following sections the service portfolio is briefly described in order to provide a
base for understanding the main outputs of the service and related terminology More
detailed information is available on the CEMS Mapping Portal7 and in the Manual of
Operational Procedures8
221 Products and output formats
There are three main products (commonly referred as maps)
1 Reference map is usually based on a pre-event image and consists of selected
topographic features of the area affected by the disaster in particular exposed assets
and other available information
2 Delineation map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of
the eventrsquos extent
3 Grading map is based on a post-event image and provides an assessment of the
damage grade and its spatial distribution
For Grading and Delineation maps Monitoring maps can be provided They are based
on post-event images acquired after the one used for Delineation and Grading maps and
provide thus a situation update There can be more than one monitoring and each is
identified by a two digit number starting with 01
Another map type is released for each activation the so-called Activation Extent Map
(AEM) It provides an overview of the areas of interest of an activation and the maps
produced for each They also depict the status of production and indicate the imagery
used for the analysis
The three main map products (and related Monitoring maps) are provided in ready-to-
print maps (raster) and geospatial vector data
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi (dots per
inch)
6 httpemergencycopernicuseumapping 7 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingemshow-use-service 8 httpemergencycopernicuseumappingsitesdefaultfilesfilesEMS_Mapping_Manual_of_Procedures_v1_3_finalpdf
7
GeoTIFF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
ESRI shapefiles Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
The Activation Extent Map is provided in the following formats
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
ESRI shape files Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
By default all maps are provided in UTM cartographic projection using WGS 84 geodetic
system (EPSG code 4326)
Geo-location accuracy is derived from native horizontal positional accuracy of the
baseline satellite data or other reference data
222 Activation Set-up
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets
Any RM service activation instance consists of one or more areas of interest (AOI)
representing the geographical areas to be mapped and analysed The example Activation
Extent Map in Figure 1 below shows an example for an activation set-up with AOIs and
related map products
Each AOI is identified with a place name (in the example below Calheta Funchal) and a
two digit number (in the example below 01 02) For each one or more maps (products)
are provided which together constitute a map-set Accordingly a map-set is a collection
of one or more maps (reference andor delineation andor grading) sharing the same
AOI Each map is a self-contained entity which is delivered both as a ready-to-print map
and geospatial vector data A map has a map type attribute (reference delineation
grading monitoring when relevant) which defines the purpose and content of the map
as well as the scale in which it is provided
8
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01 02) each
one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types
2222 File Naming
The RM raster and vector files will follow the naming convention in Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively The activation identifier EMSR[NNN] denotes the sequential RM activation
The map-set extent is defined by the Area-of-interest Identifier [AI] and by the
geographic name [LOCALITY] The map Type [MTY] can be REF (Reference) DEL
(Delineation) GRA (Grading) with additional MONIT suffix in case of monitoring map In
case of monitoring map the two digit sequential code [MM] denotes the chronological
order
The map version [V] corresponds to 0 for First Available Map (FAM) and 1 2 3 for
subsequent versions in case of cartographic amendments or corrections
The optional language code [LN] indicates the European language in which the map has
been produced (2-digit country code ISO 3166-2) It applies to raster files only and is
omitted if the map is produced in the default English language
The printing resolution [FFF] in dots per inch (dpi) can be 100 200 and 300 It applies
to raster files only
FEATURENAME describes the information content of the layer according to the RM data
catalogue It applies to vector files only
GEOM is a one-character code indicating the geometry type l=line p=point a=area
(polygon) It applies to vector files only
The file extension [xxx] can be tif jpg pdf for raster files shp (and related files dbf
prj shx) kmz for vector files and dbf for tabular files
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
7
GeoTIFF raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A1 resolution 100200300 dpi
ESRI shapefiles Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
The Activation Extent Map is provided in the following formats
Geo-PDF raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
JPEG raster map Full colour ISO A2 resolution 200 dpi
ESRI shape files Vector files with projection file
Google Earth KMLKMZ files
By default all maps are provided in UTM cartographic projection using WGS 84 geodetic
system (EPSG code 4326)
Geo-location accuracy is derived from native horizontal positional accuracy of the
baseline satellite data or other reference data
222 Activation Set-up
2221 Areas of interest and map-sets
Any RM service activation instance consists of one or more areas of interest (AOI)
representing the geographical areas to be mapped and analysed The example Activation
Extent Map in Figure 1 below shows an example for an activation set-up with AOIs and
related map products
Each AOI is identified with a place name (in the example below Calheta Funchal) and a
two digit number (in the example below 01 02) For each one or more maps (products)
are provided which together constitute a map-set Accordingly a map-set is a collection
of one or more maps (reference andor delineation andor grading) sharing the same
AOI Each map is a self-contained entity which is delivered both as a ready-to-print map
and geospatial vector data A map has a map type attribute (reference delineation
grading monitoring when relevant) which defines the purpose and content of the map
as well as the scale in which it is provided
8
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01 02) each
one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types
2222 File Naming
The RM raster and vector files will follow the naming convention in Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively The activation identifier EMSR[NNN] denotes the sequential RM activation
The map-set extent is defined by the Area-of-interest Identifier [AI] and by the
geographic name [LOCALITY] The map Type [MTY] can be REF (Reference) DEL
(Delineation) GRA (Grading) with additional MONIT suffix in case of monitoring map In
case of monitoring map the two digit sequential code [MM] denotes the chronological
order
The map version [V] corresponds to 0 for First Available Map (FAM) and 1 2 3 for
subsequent versions in case of cartographic amendments or corrections
The optional language code [LN] indicates the European language in which the map has
been produced (2-digit country code ISO 3166-2) It applies to raster files only and is
omitted if the map is produced in the default English language
The printing resolution [FFF] in dots per inch (dpi) can be 100 200 and 300 It applies
to raster files only
FEATURENAME describes the information content of the layer according to the RM data
catalogue It applies to vector files only
GEOM is a one-character code indicating the geometry type l=line p=point a=area
(polygon) It applies to vector files only
The file extension [xxx] can be tif jpg pdf for raster files shp (and related files dbf
prj shx) kmz for vector files and dbf for tabular files
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
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doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
8
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01 02) each
one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types
2222 File Naming
The RM raster and vector files will follow the naming convention in Figure 2 and Figure 3
respectively The activation identifier EMSR[NNN] denotes the sequential RM activation
The map-set extent is defined by the Area-of-interest Identifier [AI] and by the
geographic name [LOCALITY] The map Type [MTY] can be REF (Reference) DEL
(Delineation) GRA (Grading) with additional MONIT suffix in case of monitoring map In
case of monitoring map the two digit sequential code [MM] denotes the chronological
order
The map version [V] corresponds to 0 for First Available Map (FAM) and 1 2 3 for
subsequent versions in case of cartographic amendments or corrections
The optional language code [LN] indicates the European language in which the map has
been produced (2-digit country code ISO 3166-2) It applies to raster files only and is
omitted if the map is produced in the default English language
The printing resolution [FFF] in dots per inch (dpi) can be 100 200 and 300 It applies
to raster files only
FEATURENAME describes the information content of the layer according to the RM data
catalogue It applies to vector files only
GEOM is a one-character code indicating the geometry type l=line p=point a=area
(polygon) It applies to vector files only
The file extension [xxx] can be tif jpg pdf for raster files shp (and related files dbf
prj shx) kmz for vector files and dbf for tabular files
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
9
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
10
3 Data Model
This section introduces the standard spatial datasets (vector data) which are delivered
with each RM map product the data model and the naming conventions
The collection of spatial datasets produced and delivered for each RM map consists of
several vector and a tabular file which contains both metadata and spatial data and
associated attributes varying slightly depending on the specific information content of
each product They are conceptually organized as follows
mdash GROUP A Imagery and source data
mdash GROUP B Crisis information layers
mdash GROUP C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment is performed
mdash GROUP D Ancillary base layers
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3)
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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Freephone number ()
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charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
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bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
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doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
11
31 Group A Imagery and source data
311 Source table
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_source Data Type
Example
Data set description
This table contains the metadata information related to the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production The imagery listed in the table is related only to the product delivered
Attributes source_nam (alias Source name) mission name9 INT Quickbird
source_date (alias Source date) date of image acquisition in format ddmmyyyy
For vector data only the year is specified
CHAR 06082015
source_tm (alias Source Time (UTC)) time of image acquisition in format ThhmmssZ Coordinated Universal Time
Not specified for vector data
CHAR T090236Z
sensor_gsd (alias Sensor Resolution (GSD)) spatial resolution of the image pixels in meters
Not specified for vector data
CHAR 05 m
eventphase (alias Event Phase) defines the timeliness of the image acquisition compared to the event occurrence as defined by the categories (0) Pre-event (1) Post-event or (997) Not applicable
CHAR Post-event
src_id (alias Source Identifier) primary key (PK) of the SOURCE table whose values relate to the foreign key (FK) of other feature layers (ie org_src_id and dmg_src_id)
INT 1
312 Area of Interest
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_area_of_interest_a
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains information about the AOI of the map produced
Attributes emsr_id (alias Activation ID) activation code assigned by Copernicus EMS Rapid Mapping
CHAR EMSR199
glide_no (alias GLIDE number) a globally common Unique ID code for disasters
Applicable only if the GLIDE number has been assigned to the event
CHAR FL-2017-000014_PER
9 for mission names see httpsspacedatacopernicuseuwebcscdadata-offer
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
12
area_id (area of interest ID) ID assigned to the map set
CHAR 05
locality name given to the map set usually the name of the largest populated area inside the area of interest
CHAR HUAURA
map_type type of product requested (reference delineation grading and their monitoring maps)
CHAR Delineation
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
313 Image Footprint10
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_image_footprint_a Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the footprint of the imagery used for the analysis and for the map production and the not analysed areas
Geometry Possible geometries for this item polygon GEOM
Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Object Type) indicates whether the element represents an (1) image footprint or a not analysed area due to (2) clouds or (3) missing data
INT Image footprint
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
32 Group B Crisis information layers
321 Observed Event
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_observed_event_geom
Data Type
Example
Data set description
This is equivalent to the INSPIRE description of the ObservedEvent class in the Natural Risk Zone INSPIRE theme ldquoit contains the spatial representation of a natural phenomenon - relevant to the study of natural hazards - which occurred or is currently occurring and which has been observedrdquo Nevertheless the typeOfHazard INSPIRE nomenclature has here been replaced with an adjusted EM-DAT (International disaster database) classification
This data set includes crisis event objects either as areal (suffix=poly) linear (suffix=line) or as point (suffix=point)
10 Called sensor metadata from October 2017 until July 2018
13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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charge you)
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HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
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via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
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from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
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xxxx-E
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13
features
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis or disaster event
CHAR 1-Earthquake
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis or disaster event
CHAR Ground Shaking
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for the full list of event types and subtypes and detection methods
322 Ancillary crisis information
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_ancillary_crisis_info Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer contains the spatial representation of those auxiliary elements which aims to support the management and interpretation of the crisis situation such as logistic clusters physical equipment and other ancillary information It draws from the UN-OCHA humanitarian symbols for emergency management
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes event_type (alias Event Type) type of crisis related information
CHAR PHYSICAL BARRIER
obj_desc (alias Object Description) subtype of crisis related information
CHAR Check-point
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretatio
n
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 3
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
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via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
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bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
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ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
14
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 2 for list of crisis information types and subtypes and detection methods
33 Group C Socio-economic assets on which damage assessment
is performed
331 Built-up
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_build-up_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate building footprints or point location as digitized from imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 1 Building
Geometry Possible geometries for this item point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of built-up element CHAR 12-Non-residential Buildings
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of built-up element CHAR 125-Industrial buildings and warehouses
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key INT 1
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
15
(FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage the explanation of classes See ANNEX 2 for list of built-up types and subtypes detection methods
332 Facilities
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_facilities Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate facilitiesrsquo geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2 Civil engineering works
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of facility element CHAR 23-Complex Constructions on Industrial
Sites
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of facility element CHAR 23010 - Oil Gas Well
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Possibly damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) Any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the
INT 3
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
16
data source used to extract the damage information
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for damage classesrsquo explanation See ANNEX 2 for list of facilities types and subtypes detection methods
333 Transportation
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_transportation_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes the approximate transportation geometries as digitized form imagery andor extracted from external sources (as indicated in the OR_SRC_ID field)
Classification is adjusted from the EUROSTAT RAMON classification for types of construction particularly class 2
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Point
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of transportation element
CHAR 211-Highways Streets and
Roads
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of transportation element
CHAR 21121-Secondary
Road
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (2) damaged (3) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Damaged
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories explained in Annex 2
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 3
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
17
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of transportation types and subtypes detection methods
334 Land Use
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_natural_land_use Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related with the description of natural land useland cover
Classification is based on the European Corine Land Cover (CLC) nomenclature particularly level 1 classes 2 and 311
Not applicable outside Europe
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Polygon
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of natural land use element
CHAR 3-Forests and semi-natural
areas
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
info (alias Ancillary attribute) subtype of natural land use element
CHAR 321-Natural grassland
damage_gra damage grading as defined by the four classes (1) destroyed (1) damaged (2) possibly damaged (4) No visible damage NB The attribute only exists when damage grading assessment has been carried out
CHAR Destroyed
det_method (alias Determination Method) methodology used to extract or derive the spatial information as defined by the categories (1) photo-interpretation (2) semi-automatic extraction (3) automatic extraction (4) modelling
CHAR Photo-interpretation
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
dmg_src_id (alias Damage Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the damage information
INT 1
11 Classes 2 and 3 correspond to Agricultural land and Forests
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
18
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
Notes See ANNEX 1 for the explanation of damage classes See ANNEX 2 for list of natural land use types and subtypes detection methods
34 Group D Ancillary base layers
341 Hydrography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_hydrography_geom Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes all elements related to the description of permanent water bodies coastline rivers network and auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the hydrography system
Buildings and equipment related to and functionally used for water regulation are mapped and classified respectively in the themes lsquobuildingsrsquo and lsquofacilitiesrsquo
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of hydrographical element
CHAR BH140-River
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Rhine
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
342 Physiography
Data set name
EMSRNNN_00LOCALITY_MAPTYPE_vN_physiography Data Type
Example
Data set description
This layer includes both the theme altimetry with the description of contours and spot heights and the theme of the natural forms of the land ie of those auxiliary elements for the interpretation of the territorial morphology
Geometry Possible geometries for this item line point polygon GEOM Line
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
19
Attributes obj_type (alias Element Type) type of physiographic element as defined by the coded categories (0) elevation contour (1) spot elevation point (2) steep terrain (3) volcano
CHAR Elevation Contour
name (alias Element Name) name of the element if any is available or exists
CHAR Unknown
elev (alias Elevation) elevation in meters INT 20
notation (alias Comment) any complementary information related to the dataset
CHAR Not Applicable
or_src_id (alias Origin Source Identifier) foreign key (FK) whose values uniquely relate to the values of the primary key (src_id) of the SOURCE table It indicates the data source used to extract the reference (pre-event) spatial information
INT 1
CRS Spatial data are projected in WGS84 UTM Zone
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
20
References
Cotrufo S (2017) Building damage assessment after earthquake events Damage Scale
proposal based on vertical imagery Master Degree Thesis Politecnico di Torino
and ITHACA
Gruumlntal G (1998) European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98) In Cahiers du centre
Europeacuteen de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie 15 Luxemburg Centre Europeacuteen
de Geacuteodynamique et de Seacuteismologie
Jean Brodeur T B (2008) Feature Catalogue In Encyclopedia of GIS (pp 313-314)
Boston MA Springer US
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
21
List of figures
Figure 1 Graphical example of two areas of interest with the two digit identifier (01
02) each one representing a collection (map-set) of different map types 8
Figure 2 Raster product naming convention 9
Figure 3 Vector product naming convention 9
Figure 4 Data Model Schema (see in full resolution in Annex 3) 10
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete
(right) buildings according to EMS-98 24
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is
based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake
events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017) 25
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon
indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key 6
Figure 8 Data Model Schema 1
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
22
List of tables
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently
visible damage 23
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events 26
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information 28
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up 29
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities 1
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport 2
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes 3
Table 8 Classes for detection method 3
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping 5
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
23
Annexes
Annex 1 Damage Assessment
Various methodologies already exist at national and international level for damage
assessment of building structures (eg EMS-98) however none of them seems to be
suitable for the purpose of the Copernicus EMS mapping service because such
methodologies are fundamentally designed for ground-based field assessments and thus
are not intentionally tailored to be used with remotely sensed images
Indeed geospatially based damage assessment12 poses its own challenges and
limitations including but not limited to the birdrsquos-eye view the image geometric
resolution the radiometric resolution the subjectivity of the interpretation etc
Due to the lack of standards in this specific domain Copernicus EMS categories for rapid
damage assessment of building structures have been derived and adapted from the
damage scales presented in the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) issued in 1998
(Gruumlntal 1998) The EMS-98 categories (see Table 1 and visual examples for the EMS-98
classes in Figure 5) are used as starting point as they provide guidelines illustration and
application examples For Copernicus EMS they were aggregated and simplified to reflect
the inherent limitations of the technology adopted (remotely sensed imagery) and time
constraints in place (rapid near real-time) Table 1 shows the Copernicus EMS damage
classification in comparison with those of EMS-98 In particular damage interpretation
guidelines for Copernicus EMS link EMS-98 structural damages to image features such as
shape radiometry and texture Moreover two additional classes are foreseen to account
for uncertainty (possibly damaged) and for damage that is not visible from above (not
visible damage) Figure 6 shows examples for the damage classes as seen in images
acquired by space- and airborne sensors
Finally the redefined Copernicus EMS damage classes are applied whenever applicable
to all events covered by the Copernicus EMS service regardless of the hazard type ie
not only for seismic events and storms but also for fires and floods and for all feature
types (buildings transportation facilities and land use) In view of the above damage
information provided by the Copernicus EMS service should be intended as a proxy and
near-real time estimation for damage and not as ground truth data
Table 1 Comparison of the EMS-98 and EMSR severity classes for assessing apparently visible damage
Copernicus EMS classes EMS-98 classes
No visible damage Grade 0 No damage
Possibly damaged
It refers to cases when the confidence level of
the interpretation is slightly lower (eg bad image quality)
Damaged
Grade 1 Negligible to slight damage
Grade 2 Moderate damage
Grade 3 Substantial to heavy damage
Destroyed
Grade 4 Very heavy damage
Grade 5 Destruction
12 ldquoGeospatially-based damage assessmentrdquo is defined in the context of this document as efforts to ascertain
the number and severity of structures damaged by an event based on imagery derived from earth orbiting satellites andor aerial camera or UAVs as opposed to a ground-based assessment
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
24
Figure 5 Classification of damage grade for masonry (left) and reinforced concrete (right) buildings
according to EMS-98
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
25
Figure 6 Copernicus EMS Building damage scale based on Vertical Imagery The scale is based on the Master Thesis Degree thesis ldquoBuilding damage assessment after earthquake events Damage scale proposal based on vertical imageryrdquo Cotrufo S (2017)
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
26
Annex 2 Domains
Table 2 EM-DAT Categories for the Observed Events
EM-DAT Categories
event_type 1 - Earthquake
obj_desc Ground Shaking
Tsunami
event_type 2 - Volcanic Activity
obj_desc Ash fall
Lahar
Pyroclastic flow
Lava flow
event_type 3 - Storm
obj_desc Extra-tropical storm
Tropical Cyclone Hurricane Typhoon
Convective storm
event_type 4 ndash Extreme temperature
obj_desc Cold wave
Heat wave
Severe winter conditions
event_type 5 - Flood
obj_desc Coastal flood
Riverine flood
Flash flood
Ice jam flood
event_type 6 ndashMass movement
obj_desc Landslide
Avalanche
Subsidence
Debris Rock fall
Mudflow
event_type 7 - Drought
obj_desc Drought
event_type 8 - Wildfire
obj_desc Forest Fire
Land fire Brush bush Pasture
Urban fires
event_type 9 - Epidemic
obj_desc Viral Disease
Bacterial Disease
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
27
Parasitic Disease
Fungal Disease
Prion Disease
event_type 10 - Infestation
obj_desc Grasshopper
Locust
Pathogen
event_type 11- Industrial Accident
obj_desc Chemical spill
Collapse
Explosion
Fire
Gas leak
Poisoning
Radiation
event_type 12 - Transport Accident
obj_desc Air
Road
Rail
Water
event_type 13 - Humanitarian
obj_desc Conflict
Population Displacement (IDP)
Complex Emergencies
Security
event_type 14 - Other
obj_desc Other
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
28
Table 3 OCHA Types for Crisis Information
OCHA Types event_type 1 - Logistic Cluster
obj_desc Camp Coordination and Management (CCCM)
Emergency Telecommunications
Food Security
Health
Shelter
Water Sanitation Hygiene
event_type 2 - Focal Points
obj_desc Humanitarian access
Population displacement
Assembly point
event_type 3 - Camp
obj_desc IDPRefugee camp
Permanent camp
Temporary camp
Spontaneous site
Transition site
event_type 4 - Physical Barrier
obj_desc Checkpoint
Military gate
Physical closure
Road barrier
Road block interruption
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
29
Table 4 RAMON Class 1 for Built-up
RAMON Class 1 obj_type 11 - Residential Buildings
info Residential Building
obj_type 12 - Non-residential buildings
info 121 - Hotels and similar buildings
1211 - Hotel buildings
1212 - Other short-stay accommodation buildings
122 - Office buildings
1220 - Administrative
1221 - Institutional
1222 - Police station
1223 - Fire station
1224 - Correctional
123 - Wholesale and retail trade buildings
124 - Traffic and communication buildings
1241 - Communication buildings stations terminals and associated buildings
1242 - Garage buildings
125 - Industrial buildings and warehouses
1251 - Industrial buildings
1252 - Reservoirs silos and warehouses
126 - Public entertainment education hospital or institutional care buildings
1261 - Public entertainment buildings
1262 - Museums and libraries
1263 - School university and research buildings
1264 - Hospital or institutional care buildings
1265 - Sports halls
127 - Other non-residential buildings
1271 - Non-residential farm buildings
1272 - Buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities
1273 - Historic or protected monuments
1274 - Other buildings not elsewhere classified
1275 - Multi-functional
1276 - RefugeeIDP camp
1277 - Tent
1278 - Shelter
1279 ndash Military
1280 ndash Cemetery
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
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Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
Table 5 RAMON Class 2 for Facilities
RAMON Class 2 obj_type 22 - Pipelines communication and electricity lines
info 221 - Long-distance pipelines communication and electricity lines
2211 - Long-distance oil and gas pipelines
2212 - Long-distance water pipelines
2213 - Long-distance telecommunication lines
2214 - Long-distance electricity lines 222 - Local pipelines and cables
2221 - Local gas supply lines
2222 - Local water supply pipelines
2223 - Local waste water pipelines
2224 - Local electricity and telecommunication cables
223- Aqueducts irrigation and cultivation waterworks
obj_type 23 - Complex constructions on industrial sites
info 2301 - Constructions for mining or extraction
23010 - Oil Gas Well
23011 - Water Well
2302 - Power plant constructions
23020 - Power plant constructions Hydro-electric
23021 - Power plant constructions Nuclear
23022 - Power plant constructions Solar
23023 - Power plant constructions Geothermal
23024 - Power plant constructions Wind
23025 - Power plant constructions Tidal
23026 - Power plant constructions Thermal
23027 - Power Substation
2303 - Chemical plant constructions
2304 - Heavy industrial plants not elsewhere classified
obj_type 24 - Other civil engineering works
info 241 - Sport and recreation constructions
2411 - Sports grounds
2412 - Other sport and recreation constructions
242 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2420 - Other civil engineering works not elsewhere classified
2421 - Dump site
2422- Aquaculture
obj_type 215 - Harbours waterways dams and other waterworks
info 2151 0 - Harbours
2151 1 - Berthing Structure
21512 - Settling Basin
21513 - Breakwater
21512 - Navigable canals
2152 - Dams
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
Table 6 RAMON Class 2 for Transport
RAMON Class 2
obj_type 211 - Highways streets and roads
info 2111 - Highways
21110 - Toll
2112 - Streets and roads
21120 - Primary Road
21121 - Secondary Road
21122 - Local Road
21123 - No Driveway
21124 - Cart Track
21125 - Trail
obj_type 212 - Railways
info 2121 - Long-distance railways
21210 - Railway Yard
2122 - Urban railways
21220 - Tramway
21221 - Subway
obj_type 213 - Airfield
info 2130 - Airfield runways
2131 - Heliport
21312 - Helipad
obj_type 214 - Bridges elevated highways tunnels and subways
info 2141 - Bridges and elevated highways
2142 - Tunnels and subways
2143 - Causeway
2144 - Embankment
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
Table 7 CORINE Land Cover Classes
CLC Class 2 obj_type 2 - Agricultural areas
info 21 - Arable land
211 - Non-irrigated arable land areas
212 - Permanently irrigated land
213 - Rice fields
22 - Permanent crops
221 - Vineyards
222 - Fruit trees and berry plantations
223 - Olive groves
23 - Pastures
231 - Pastures
24 - Heterogeneous agricultural areas
241 - Annual crops associated with permanent crops
242 - Complex cultivation
243 - Land principally occupied by agriculture
244 - Agro-forestry areas
CLC Class 3 obj_type 3 - Forests and semi-natural areas
info 31 - Forests
311 - Broad-leaved forest
312 - Coniferous forest
313 - Mixed forest
32 - Shrub andor herbaceous vegetation association
321 - Natural grassland
322 - Moors and heathland
323 - Sclerophyllous vegetation
324 - Transitional woodland shrub
33 - Open spaces with little or no vegetation
331 - Beaches dunes and sand plains
332 - Bare rock
333 - Sparsely vegetated areas
334 - Burnt areas
335 - Glaciers and perpetual snow
CLC Class 4 obj_type 4 - Wetlands
info 41 - Inland wetlands
411 - Inland marshes
412 - Peatbogs
42 - Coastal wetlands
421 - Salt marshes
422 - Salines 423 - Intertidal flats
Table 8 Classes for detection method
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
Detection Methods
1 Photo-interpretation
The analysis of the satellite imagery is manually conducted without the support of automatic processes This method is usually applied when more complex analytical approach are required (change detection starting from different sensor data interpretation through interpolation by looking at neighboring elements identification of elements with non-homogeneous radiometric responses) A representative analysis based on the photo-interpretation method is the building damage assessment based on Very High Resolution images
2 Semi-automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using supervised automatic classification This approach is usually applied where the event generate a quite standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology works well when there are available multi-temporal images with the same sensor or resolution
This approach is common for the analysis of Forest Fires based on optical satellite data to identify and to classify the burnt areas This approach is usually used also in the identification of the flooded areas based on SAR High Resolution image
3 Automatic extraction
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using automatic methods This approach is usually applied where the event generate a high standard results in terms of radiometric response
This methodology allows to reach high accuracy when the multi-temporal images with the same sensor and resolution are available
This method is rarely used in the rapid mapping context because it is not common to guarantee homogeneity between pre and post-event data
4 Modelling
The analysis of satellite imagery is conducted by Semi-automaticAutomatic methods using decision algorithm based on initial rules recalibrated by means of truth comparison
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
Table 9 Codes of the different sources used for mapping
Default sources
Source InfoDefault Value
994 - Open Street Map
993 - GeoNames
992 - CLC
991 - SRTM
990 - EuroBoundaryMap
989 - GADM
988 - Urban Atlas
997 - Not Applicable
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
Annex 3 Data Model
Figure 7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP diagram for EMSR data model where the key icon indicates primary keys and fk indicates foreign key
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
Figure 8 Data Model Schema
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers
to your questions about the European Union
Freephone number ()
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may
charge you)
More information on the European Union is available on the internet (httpeuropaeu)
HOW TO OBTAIN EU PUBLICATIONS
Free publications
bull one copy
via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
bull more than one copy or postersmaps
from the European Unionrsquos representations (httpeceuropaeurepresent_enhtm) from the delegations in non-EU countries (httpeeaseuropaeudelegationsindex_enhtm)
by contacting the Europe Direct service (httpeuropaeueuropedirectindex_enhtm) or calling 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (freephone number from anywhere in the EU) () () The information given is free as are most calls (though some operators phone boxes or hotels may charge you)
Priced publications
bull via EU Bookshop (httpbookshopeuropaeu)
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
XX-N
A-x
xxxx-E
N-N
doixxxxxxxxxx
ISBN xxx-xx-xx-xxxxx-x
