UAUNCRS 2 OPTRPORMFRAALSSO ULODHRETN /COSTS(U) FOREST PRODUCTS LAD MADISON HI0 B NARPOLE ET AL. OCT 85 FPL-46

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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART1AYIONAL SURE AU OF STANDARDS- 1963- A

United StatesAPr g aDepartment of

* ForestSle for Analysis of DTIC'Frores ELECTELaboratory SE 71General FuelWuuuTechnical m

* Report FPL-46 Harvesting Costs WV

W4* George B. Harpole* N% Giuseppe Rensi

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Disaibutioez Unlimted

Abstract

\The fuelwood harvesting computer program (FHP) is writtenin FORTRAN 60 and designed to select a collection of har-vest units and systems from among alternatives to satisfyspecified energy requirements at a lowest cost per millionBtu's as recovered in a boiler, or thousand pounds of H20evaporative capacity kiln drying. Computed energy costs areused as a criterion of economic viability. Sensitivities of en-ergy costs and fuel requirements to changes in moisturecontent are computed and provided in the printed output.

Keywords: Wood/bark fuel, harvesting, economics, computerprogram.

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October 1985

Harpole, George B.; Rensl, Giuseppe. A computer program for analysisof fuelwood harvesting costs. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL-46. Madison, WI:U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest ProductsLaboratory; 1965. 18 p.

* mitnu oeeo ofipbli ,on reavai, heom t For t Pr cts L rat . One fVord inchot ye, Adi

53705 Lastory bit ns a setoe libre in tedSta. re

The Laboratory is maintained in cooperation wil the University of Wisconsin

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A Computer Programfor Analysis ofFuelwoodHarvesting Costs

George B. Harpole, Research Forester

Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI

* Giuseppe Rensil, Professor

Department of Economics and Marketing,California State University, at HaywardHayward, CA

Introduction

Forest residues represent an abundant wood source often Structure of the FHP computer program follows standardunutilized because of the inability of market prices to sup- accounting practices. Computed energy costs are residualport costs for harvesting. In some circumstances, however, costs, i.e. the net amount of costs and revenues from mar-harvesting forest residues for fuel may be combined with ketable products are a residual cost which may be nega-harvesting of wood-chip and cull-log products to offer eco- tive in situations where revenues exceed all costs. Costsnomic and environmentally desirable utilization of forest for risk and/or requirements for profit on working capitalresidues. The fuel harvest analysis computer program may be included. Marginal cost analyses may be accom-(FHP) is designed to select harvest units and harvest sys- plished by representing a harvest unit as a series of differ-tems from a number of alternatives to satisfy specific en- ent intensities of possible harvesting. For all analyses, sen-ergy requirements. at a lowest cost per million Btu's as re- sitivities of energy costs and fuel requirements to changes incovered in a boiler (as exemplified in fig. 1), or per moisture content are computed and provided in the printedthousand pounds of H20 evaporative capacity for kin dry- output (figs. I and 2).ing (as exemplified in fig. 2). The energy costs so com-puted can then be used as a criterion for economic viabilityof various harvesting options. Ac____onFor

Accocsion ForThe FHP computer program given in the appendix is writ- NTT GEA&Iten in FORTRAN 60 for use by forestry planners, businessanalysts, and utilization economists. The program is de- D T T Bsigned for application to logging operations where the fol- U11 :;Cdlowing conditions apply: Juw L.

. year-round headquarters are maintained for businessmanagement and equipment storage and repair,

- harvesting opportunities are available at different harvest I Di itrlbutr.c../sites and wood supplies may collectively exceed fuel ..........product demand and harvesting capacities,* prospective harvest units may have different cost re- A! vuJ. 1 m.n/m-quirements for construction of roads and landings, 071C D i P 0 1 l

- alternative harvesting systems may be employed at anyharvest unit for production of different product mixes of o,fuel and other marketable products. ( II

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Data Input Requirements

Use of the FHP computer program requires good estimates Cols. 41-45: Risk-Profit Requirement. Enter a decimalof costs per hour for each operable harvesting system con- fraction amount to indicate desired or alternative rate-of-sidered, and good estimates of the number of operating return for investments.hours required per acre of harvest area. The entries for gen-eration of the problem specification and printed output of fig- Card Type 3: Harvest unit data card (fig. 3). One cardures 1 and 2 are derived from data coding worksheets must be prepared for each harvest unit to be considered.(figs. 3 and 4). Input requirements for these worksheets are Harvest system data cards (card type 4) and harvest sys-described below: tem's product data cards (card type 5) will be assembled in

filing fashion following each corresponding harvest unit cardCard Type 1: Title card (fig. 3) for captioning printed out- (card type 3).put (first card in data deck).

Col. 1: Enter "U" to identify Card as a harvest unit dataCard Type 2: Program constants (fig. 3) (second card in card.data deck).

Cols. 2-3: Number of Harvest Units. Enter number of Cols. 2-3: Harvest Unit Number. Enter the sequentialharvest units to be considered, up to 50 harvest units. number of the harvest unit.

Cols. 7-10: Stack Temperature. Enter in degrees Cols. 5-10: Harvest Unit Name. Enter any alpha-Fahrenheit (at least 1000), for computation of costs per numeric captioning for the harvest unit.million Btu's of steam. A stack temperature of 375°F istypical. If no entry is made, the program computes Cols. 15-20: Unit's Unit Measure. Enter unit of measurecosts per thousand pounds of H 20 evaporative capacity used for harvest area's wood/bark materials, such asof stack gases (1,700 Btu's per pound of water evapo- "cubic feet," "MBF," "Scribner," etc.rated as in a dry kiln). Boiler efficiency calculations as-sume 40 percent excess air and 4 percent heat loss Cols. 24-30: Harvest Unit's Acres. Enter the total num-

from unburned fuel, radiation, and unaccounted heat ber of acres to be harvested in the harvest unit.losses.' The equations used for computation of boilerefficiencies are shown in table 1. Cols. 34-40: Units per Acre. These units must corre-

spond to the unit of measure entered in Cols. 15-20.Table 1.-Equations used for computation of boiler effi-ciencies Cols. 44-50: Unit's Fixed Cost. Enter the estimated

fixed cost for putting the harvest unit into condition suit-Range of Boiler efficiency (BE) versus able for harvesting operations. This amount should in-moisture Moisture content fraction, wet basis (MCW) clude costs for landings, roads, lump sum amounts forcontent

(wet basis) and Stack temperature in fahrenheit (0F) (ST) stumpage, and the like.

From To Cols. 54-55: Number of Systems: Alternative harvesting

systems may be considered for each harvest unit, each

0.286 0.443 BE = 1.0019 - (MCW 0.35454) - (ST 0.000345) with different operating costs per hour and product mix.0.444 0.545 BE = 1.0920 - (MCW 0.51232) - (ST * 0.000385) Data for each system will follow. The number of alterna-0.545 0.614 BE = 1.3128 - (MCW 0.87770) - (ST 0.000410) five systems to be considered must be entered here.0.615 greater BE = 1.4646 - (MCW 1.09615) - (ST 0.000445)

Cols. 59-64: Cubic Feet per Unit. Enter the number ofCols. 11-20: Annual Heating Requirements. Enter in cubic feet of solid wood/bark per unit of measure used.millions of Btu's if stack temperature is specified, other- If cubic feet is the unit of measure then 1.0 must be en-wise in number of pounds (in thousands) of H20 to be tered. If MBF (thousand board feet) is entered, then anevaporated annually. appropriate figure somewhere between 160.0 and 225.0

should probably be entered-representing the numberCols. 23-30: Fixed Cost. Enter the annual costs for of cubic feet of solid wood per MBF.headquarter operations. i.e. for business management,equipment storage and repair, etc. Card Type 4: Harvest system data (fig. 4). Prepare one

harvest system data card for each system considered for aCols. 34-35: Number of Weeks for Working Capital. harvest unit.Enter average time in weeks, from actual payout forwages, supplies, etc., until cash returns are realized Col. 1: Enter "S" to identify the card as a system card.from sale of products and/or to time fuel is burned.

Cols. 2-3: System's Number. Enter the sequential num-ber for each system alternative.

'Corder. S F Wood and bark as fuel. School of Forestry Research Bul- Cols. 5-10: System's Name. Enter any alpha-numericletin 14 Corvallis. OR: Oregon State University; 1973. captioning desired for the system.

2

Cols. 14-15: Number of Products. Enter the number ofdifferent kinds of product expected to be produced bythe system.

Cols. 16-20: Hours per Acre. Enter the average numberof operating hours required to harvest an acre of theharvest unit.

Cols. 24-30: System's Variable Cost. Enter the cost perhour of operating the system.

Cols. 31-50: Fuel Description. Enter any alpha-numericcaption to describe the fuel type, e.g. chips, cordwood,etc.

Cols. 61-65: Moisture Content. Enter in decimal fractionthe moisture content of fuel, wet basis, as fired.

Cots. 66-70: Specific Gravity. Enter in decimal fractionthe specific gravity of the fuel product.

Cols. 71-75:. Higher Heating Value. Enter the higherheating value in thousands of Btu's per ovendry poundof wood bark fuel type.

Card Type 5: Harvest system's product data (fig. 4).Use one card for each product. Up to 10 products, includingfuel. may be considered.

Col. 1: Enter "F for identification of the first card in theproduct list, which must have data for the fuel to be har-vested.

Cols. 2-3: Fuel Product Number. Enter the sequentialnumber for each product.

Cols. 5-10: Fuel Name. Enter any alpha-numeric desig-nation for captioning printed output.

Cots. 15-20: Fuel. Product Percentages. Enter the per-cent of solid wood bark expected to be realized fromtotal harvest by each product. Percentages for all prod-ucts, including fuel, must add to 100.0 percent.

Cols. 25-30: Product's Unit. Enter any alpha-numericcode for printed output captioning.

Cols. 34-40: Cubic Feet of Product, per Unit. Enter thenumber of cubic feet of solid woodlbark per nominalunit given to each product.

Cols. 44-50: Variable Cost. Enter cost in dollars perunit, associated directly with production (stumpage,chipping. etc.) and delivery of the product type to pointwhere no further product-associated costs will accrue.

Cols. 54-60: Market Value. Enter realization per unit(selling price less all discounts, allowances. etc.) antici-pated from the product type, if product is intended forsale. No value should be entered if the product is thefuel for which a cost is to be computed.

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Appendix

1. C FUEL HAPVEST PROGRAM2. C By GEOPGE HAkPIULE

S. C ANDC GIUSEPPE REUSI

S. C FOREST PRLnOUCTS LA640PATORYb. C P.O. ROE 51307. C #4AOISON.01. 537058. C C0OMEPCIAL PHONE: 608/2bu-5761

Q. C FTS P1NONE: 3b'-5761to. C

12. + VLEQ(1,10), PPVC(t,10), MV(1,lo) ,PIUCF(1,10)

13. +oPuAV(1.10)144. DIMENSION mCw(Q.50),E~vU(9,So),VU(9,S0),DPBTCQ~csO) MM8TU(9,'b0),115. + TYPF((h,r,0)lb. DIMENSION IP(5O),CFP(r(5,)),SG(SO),HHV(50),H1'A(503,VAA(50),VPU(50io

17. *wRKC(q)o PICST(9)v18. + CHECK () ,TVPT(9) UTIL () AV-() P:I (q) TITLE( Its)19. DIMENSION "C (9) v0vC (q) ,ALPHA (0) BETA (Q) GAMMA (9) voTLEV, (9) PPHYSCR) r2o. +SPECSe9) ,.OAKcu),FIJEL(a)HYCF(9),PRCR:(S0)21. OI?'ENSIUN HUNO(50 ),MuNME(50) ,MYVU(5O) .ACRES(5 ) ,VPAC5O) ,HUFC (50),22. + HVOL(50), IRANK(50),TCFcSo)23. DIMENSION HSNO((O),sS'4E(1u),sPA(W1)) HSVC (1osFMME (lO),FPPC10),

2*. FPtj(10),vPFJ( 10),FPvCUO'jCOST(10),AAF(1O),CEU0u),'25. + AE?.(tOJ.EF.FU(IO),FNlV(tO)-2b. DATA LEVS / 4J/27. DATA kvTLI M / 0.61;/

2# .DATA EVF-r / 1.720. DATA HUGE /1000ooooos0. DATA NINK~ o31. DATA C CC), 1=1,o) / 5010020# -50-100-20132. DATA CWTLEV(L), Lz1,u) /0.28b, 0.UJ4'i, 0.4b 0.61533. OATA CALPMA(1)o I=I#S) /.0 35,l.UD19Pl.OQ20,t.3128,1.ubJbj30. DATA C ETAMPI115) I.1B16i2,.35a54..51232,.S777D,1.09615/35. r)ATA (GA4M AtII:S /.COD31,.o00345,.000385,.0D0i1,.0o6i5/3b. INTEGER HIJNO.HSND#PNOPFP%O37. REAL tChSMIBTU.MV,QIF,MKT,MKV(0),dIITv(C503 LA. CSQ. C .. FORMAT STAIE"ENTS. 1. INPUTi40. 10 FORM~AT (13Ate,,2)al. 5C O FONIAAT (tX.12, 3x,F-.0, FIO.0.2x.F8.0,3x,12,5X.F5.2)

"'?. 510 FOPMAT(Al,:2.XA,4XAt3(3I,F7.O).3x.I2,3X,Fh.1 )us3. S2n F(IRMIAT(AI ,I2,lX,Ao.3K,12,FS.2,31,F7.0,3Ae,A2,SX,F5.0,2(FS.U),F5.2)

uu.()S FORMAT (A1.12, lx,AN.~1,Fo.2,.JxeA6,3(3XF7 0,3CA -j. FORMAT STATEMENTS. 2. OUTPUT

f~b. * 0U FQO.MA a T I 10X.PP04LEM SPFCIFICATIVNSI// 15XNU48ER OF IMARVEST1a7 4 '.1Tb'*2tA,12 / l5A,'STAC" GAS TEMPERATW0E'P8X,'flOEGPEES F)I,bX,

Fa..oi ISXANNUAL P-EAT FEQUIQE4ENT',bX,4( "MFTU)'.Fl0.C/ 15A~49. *v'O E;MEAD FIXEC COSTS', QzCI OULLAf'S)1.2x,Fd.0,/,15x, eWOKIncio50. + CAPITAL kEoUIRE-EtTl,2y,lr wEEKS)',bx.13 / 15x, 'QISK-PPUFITS1. ,PERCENjT R(; TI,22x,F5.2)52. 601 FURM"AT C /l POBLEM SPEC IFIC AT IONS I /,, 5, 'NUmeEF OF HARvE ST53. + JINITS',21AX,12 I I5XISTACK GAS TEmPEPATUPEI,8X,'(CEGPEES F)',bX#

r~u.* Fu.0/ 191,'A.,NIJAL MEAT PEGUIPEMENTt,bXI( mxm20)',FlU.O/ ISA55. +,'OVEREA.D FIXED COSTS', 9X,#( 0OLLAINS)@,2X,F8.0,/,l5X, InORKINGsc. + CAPITAL FEIQUIREmENT',?X, 'f WEENS)'#bX,13 / 15k v 'RISK-PAOFIT57. *PERCENT REG).T',22x.F5..2)S; . 602 FOPRMAT('n', 9WNOTE: IF STACK' GAS TEMPEPATURE ENTERED IS LESS T04A159. +N 100. DEGO.EES F.# COSTS PEP THOUSAND POUNDS OF 042n '/IbK, 'EVAPO60. *RATIVE CAPACITY WILL BE CALCULATED AS FOR DIRECT-FIFED KILN USE. A61. *NNUAL MEAT PFrJiIPEMETS I */t 6X , sUST BE ENTERED AS NUMbER OF THOUS62. #AND POUNDS OF '420 14) RE REMOVED FRCM LUMBER THROUG.H PILN.')63. 610 FORMATC'tf,//,' HARVEST UNIT ',A6,2X,12.'JEACRES',21K,FS.l,3x,'TOeu. *TAL CU. FT. AVAIL',IX,FIo.1, ' ,/'INPUT SEQUENCE NO.',2X,13,a6s. *N,'VOL./ACMF IN ',Ab,bX,F9.1,3W.CU. FT., SOLID/UNIT'#F11.l*/v' NO0bb. 4 RVEST SYSTE"S1,Ix,I3,uy,lMARVEST UNIT FIXED COSTS',FQ.3)

12

7S......

6 7. 621) FORMAT(///3XSYTEM O,0X,@NS/,2XSCOST/,2x,PR1D,3X.SRERCET,66. +2X, 'UNIT',3X, $SOLID' bx. 'UNITS,LX,'PREP' 3I.'99IT'*3X* 'MOS.405',Xp IM

6q. +~~MmTU'.bK.*'COST/' 4X, IM'TU/'.3X, 'VAR. I,/,13X,'ACPE'I.2X, 'HOUW' .3x, ' C70. #OPE',4Xp ITOTAL 1,3x, 'NAME'I.3k, ICU FT./* 2x. 'AV AILAFLE1 2x. 'COST/' o271. *x.''VAL/'.2X,'CONT' 2X,'&vA1LALE,ax..UNITI.Sg, 'UNIT',uE. 'COST/',/

* 72. *.30x. 'RECOV'.10x, 'UNIT'I6IXe 'UNIT',3X, 'UNIT',38k. MBTU')73. 621 FORMAT(///3X'SYSTEm',.'HlRS/'2X'COT/',2XSPOV'3X,'PERCENT',

7 a . *2 . 'UNIT', 3x.'#SOL 10$ bX, 'UN ITS IQ, O.PREP I,3x, 'MkT'I,3X, I'MO IS I UX.I75. *$RTUI bX, 'COS/ U, I'*TU/'I3X, 'VAR. # /, 13X, 'ACRE' #2X, 'HOUR' *3x# 'C76. *GDE'o,@.TOTAL',3k,'N&ME',3x. 'CU.FT./',2X,'AVAILASLE',2x,'COST/'.277. *x. 'VAL/'.2x.'CONT',2X,'AVAILABLE'SAX.'UN'IT',5x.'UNIT','aX,'COST/',/78 . +,34xRECOV'.1UE~etJNIT'.16X,'UNIT'.3K. 'UNITI,38.'4aH20')79. 630 FORMAT(//. 1X.Ab,T2,K ,Fb.2,F7.,2.A.2,F6.2, 1.,.1.F7.2,3XF8.0,F

80. .8..2, IxF7.2,2x.F3.2.FlO.o,3X,F7.2,FII .2,Fe,.2)*~ b. 640O FOR 1AT(26z,A6,24,F6.2. 1xAb,F7.2.2X.F9.oF8.2,Fe.2)

82. 6bd9 FORpMAT f'0',QhX,'NGTE. HARVEST SYSTEM '.Ab,12,' DISPEGAROEU). FUELe3. # vAhe 'HAS "UISTURE CUNTENT ASOVE THE SPECIFIED LI'41T',Fo.2)8'4. b50 FOh-ATcj/15X.1s**1,X,ILEAST COST HARVEST SYSTEm 1,Ab,13,' 1 '

85. *25Xo'HARVEST UNIT ',Ab.13//15K.'-FUEL-'.20X.'-ENEPGY.'//* 86. +12W.U'.ITS AVAIL',4aK.Fe.0.,XmP1TU AVAILI'l,~Fto.0,/*87. 412X,'FIXED COST',aX.F9.o,oX.'COST/MMBTU',5X,F9.2/

so8. *12kosTOTAL COST/UNIT',2xF8.2)sq. b60 FOR"AT(/h1M,NOTE ---M IS THOUSANDS, MM IS MILLIONS.')90. 665 FORMAT( ',UX,' ---''""TOTAL COST/UNIT'''' INCLUDES HARVEST UNIT F!

* .91. *xED COST, BUT DOES NOT INCLUDE ''''OVERHEAD FIXED COST'''', OR COS92. *T (INTE4EST)',/,11Xv'FOR WORKING CAPITAL REUUIREMENT.')'93. 670 FORe'ATc'1',lx,@END OF OUTPUT.')qu . C

* 95 C . FUEL TYPE DATA AND ESTIMATES OF REQUIREMENTS AND COSTS96. 60 FORMAT (0I', //25x.13At6,A2////)97 61~ FORMAT (t9X,'**.......* FUEL TYPE ASSUMPTIONS AND ESTIMATES OF98. *IREQUIRE'4ENTS AND COS TS '" "//b. HEAT ENERGY99. + SOU'RCES AND COSTS ****'//97X,' ---- HEAT-ENERGY 'iALLES---' /100. + 27X,'UNIT',bX,'UNITS AVAIL.'.t*X.'CU.FT.',L"K,'SPEC.',5Xs

* 101. *sM.C.8,SXIS CriST',SX,'NIGHEP VALtiE',ux,'EFFECTIvE EVAPORATION')* ~102. 62 F(IFPIAT (5.'..t*FUEL TYPE ASSUMPTIONS AND ESTIM4ATES OF* ~103. +REQUIREMENTS ANC COSTS (',FS.u,' DEG.F STACK TEMP.) .***'/

106A. + 46A.'**"* HEAT ENEPGY105. * SO1-RCES AND COSTF ****'//97X.'.----HEATEJEPGY VALUFS----'/I 0w. + 27Xv'U%IT',h~v'UITS AVAIL.',OX, 'CU.FT.',0K, 'SPEC.',5M.107. + MC',xs COST',SX,'NIG-Ew VALUE'#8x,'HEAT TO STEAM')108. b3 FORMAT(e7X. 'PASIS',7X, 'ANNUALLY'D6X, 'SOLI,S%. 'GRAV.',0X,109. +'(v'ET)'Ix,'PER UNIT ',4Xr'MT8TU/UNIT ',5xp'"tbTU/UNIT 1,44x,1 1 (7.. * 'S/04T3TIJ')

* Ill. 60 FOFMAT(27X. 'RASIS'.7X.'ANNUALLY',6X, 'SOLID',5xe 'GPAV:',0Xp* 112. + '(NET)',L4x,'PER UNIT I,a*x#'H8TU/1)NIT ',5x,'.420/UNIT 'lax,*113. + I /06H2O'

110. 70 FORMAT(3XrI2,9') ',3A6,A2,A6.aX.FIO.,1.bX.F6.2,5X.FO.3,3X.FO.o,*115. + 4X'l',F7.2,6x,F8.O,5x,FIo.2,ax,'S',F8.2)

l11. 80 FORMAT(/' PROPOSED SOURCE(S)')117. Clit. C *.'PROSPECTUS REQUIREMENTS'119. 109 FOPMAT(/16x.'.*** PROSPECTUS PEGUIREMENTS ('vF11.O.1Av' THOUSAND120. + POUNDS OF EVAPORATED WATER/YEAR) AND AVERAGE COSTIP m20 ''/

121. 109 FORI'ATC/l6X,'.... PROSPECTUS REQUIREMENTS (',FI.0.122. + 1x#'mILLION STEA-mMEAT 8TU S/YEAR) AND AVERAGE COST/MMBTU ***'/)123. 110 FORMAT(43X,' -------- ANNUAL VOLUMES REo4UIRED AT VARIOUS MO_1ST)JRI CU12U. *NYTENTS (NET BASIS)---------1//125. *ax,$PROPOSEy sOIjRCES',6X,IUNIT',7x,12b. + 'At GIVEN'11Xv'AT PHIGHER MOISTURE CONTENT',127. *14x, 'AT LOWER MOISTURE CDNTENT**'/27x,'H4ASIS',Ox,'OM.C.'I.1IX.12A. + '.5 PCT.I,aX,',10 PCT.',4x,'i20 PCT.',1DX,'..5 PCT.',a,3X129. + '-10 PCT.',ux.'-20 PCT.'/)130. 160 FORMAT (AX,12,')',1x,3Ab,A2,AA,aX,F8.1.131. # 8x.F8.t,2(ax.F8.l )19XF8.1,2(UK.F8A.1 ))132. 190 FORMAT( ' **** wIT"

m UISTUPE CONTENT CHANGED ',13#' PCT. (wET BA51133. *S)o THERE IS AN ANNUAL DEFICIT OF ',F1I.l,13H M"MHTU'S *)

134. lo1 FORM'AT(# ',~jx,'---CUSTS INCLUDE ''''OVEqHtAO CUST'''' AND aURKING135. +CAPITAL COST(INTEREST).')

13

. 136. 219 FORMAT(OI,3X.@AVG. COsT/M20',I7x, 'S',F9.2.bx,'S',F9.2,2(2X'S',137. *F9.2) ,7x. '1' F8.2,2(2X. 'S' F9.2))138. 220 FORMAT('10,3zx'AVG. COST/MMRTU%2OX .'S',F7.2,8x,'5',F7.2v2(4X,139. + 'S',F7.2)p9x'1S '.Fb.2,2(4X#'S'pF7e2))140. 230 FORmAT(/OxIE6T.D TOTAL COSTS'.|bX.'I'.Fb,'MBX,'S',F1,

* 141. + 2('M',Ox,'S',Fb.i), 'N',9X, '5'.FO.1,2(t4',4x, 'S'.F6.1), 'm4/)

142. 234 FORMAT(/4X.'WORKTNG CAPITAL REQI,16X,'SFa1M,'m'@8X.S',Fb.t143. + 2(' 1

4,4X. S.F61),'N' *x.'S'.Fb.1.2('M' LXe S. F6.1).''/ / )4 233 FURMAT(l I wOOD FUEL CALCULATIONS ASSUME 40-PCT EXCESS AIR AND 4-P

145. •CT HEAT LOSS FROM UNBURNED '/' FUEL, RADIATION AND UNACCOUNTED LOS146. *SES. THE PROGRAM ALLOWS WOOD FUEL MOISTURE'', CONTENTS TU DROP BE147. +LOW 0-PCT BUT DISUUALIFIES A FUEL TYPE WHEN MOISTURE CONTENT'/1413. +1 EXCEEDS 65PCT.')149. 232 FORMAT(' ******** DUE TO A BTU DEFICIT, THIS CALCULATION IS NOT ME150. ANINGFUL.'O)151. 231 FORMAT(* * CALCULATIONS ASSUME A KILN EVAPORATIVE RATE OF ',

152. *FS5 3.' m,,

153. + 8TuS PER POUND't, OF EVAPORATED WATER. EFFECTIVE EVAPORATIVE CAPisA. *ACITIES FOR *oD/gARK FUELS ARE'/' ADJUSTED FOR FUEL MOISTURE CONT155. ENT. THE PROGPAM ALLOWS mOOD FUEL MOISTURE'/* CONTENT TO DROP dELISO. +O ZERO-PCT BUT DISQUALIFIES A FUEL TYPE wmEN mOISTURE'I' CONTENT157. +EXCEEDS 65-PCT.'I)158. C *. FORMAT STATEMENTS. 3. ERROR MESSAGES1 159. 555 FORMAT (0'OX ERROP. NUMBER OF HARVEST UNITS IS NOT SPECIFIED

.: 160. +IN THE PROGRAM AND DATA CONTROL CARD.')16i. 560 FORMAT('O',l0XP'ERROR. INCORRECT CARD TYPE CODE. SHOULO BE MAR'#1o2. + 'VEST UNIT CARD. INPUT SEQUENCE NUMBER '*12)fb3. 56S FORMAT('O,10rI'EPROpR NUM8ER OF HARVEST SYSTE M S NOT SPECIFIED IN

- 166. + HARVEST UNIT CARD. INPUT SEQUENCE NUMSEP ',12)b5. 570 FOPIAT('0',IOX,'ERROR. INCORRECT CARD TYPE CODE. SHOULD BE HARI,

* jOo• + 'VEST SYSTEm CARD.INPUT SEQUENCE NUMBERS'PIW3'.'e,1)16.7. 575 FORMAT('0',tOXP'EPROR. NUMBER OF PRODUCTS RECOVERED NOT SPECIFIEDIbo. + IN HARVEST SYSTE- CARD. INPUT SEQ. NUMBERS'I,13,'.1,I)19. 5A0 FOHMAT('O',IOX#'ERRr}R. INCORRECT CARD TYPE CODE. SHOULD BE H.S.170. +FUEL PRUDuCT CARD. INPUT SEQUENCE NUMBERS'I13,'.',Il)171. Sq0 FORmAT('O'#10Xp'ERROR. FUEL PRODUCT RECOVERY PERCENT INCORRECTLY172. +SPECIFIED. INPUT SEQUENCE NUMBERS',13,*0',I1 )173. 595 FOPPAT('O',IOX,'ERROR. INCORRECT CARD TYPE CODE. SHOULD BE NON-'j174. * ,FUEL PRODUCT CARD. INPUT SEQ. NU"BERS',13.I'.vIl1.e I)175. C17b. READ (5, 10) (TITLE(), Iz:114)177. *PITE (6,b0) (TITLE(I),I=1,t4)17. C179. C *** READ IN PROGRAM AND DATA CONTROL CARD.180. READ (5,500) NHU, STKT, AHR, FCO, NwC, RPR

* 181. IF (NNu.GE.1) Go TO 501. 182. WRITE (6,5SS). 183. GO TO 599

18a. 501 CONTINUE185. C186. C *** PRITT OUT PROBLEM SPECIFICATIONS187. Clk p. IF(STKT.GE.100.nl wRITE(b.600) NHUgSTKTAHRFCON*CRPR1e8. IF(STKT.LT.100.O) WRITE (6#601) NHUrSTKT#AMRFCOCNkCRPR190. aRITE (6,602)191. N:O

I Q,. 502 CONTIr4UE

193. N x N + 1IQ"

. C *** READ IN HAPvEST UNIT'EADER CARD.1915. READ(SSO) CARO HUNO(N)o HUNME(N)t HYVU(N)v ACRES(N)v VPA(N)v19t.. + HuFC(N), NHS, 'YCF(N)

* 197. IF(HYCF(N)*LT.O,5) MYCF(N) a 1.0* ,qp. TCF(tN) a (ACPES(N) * VPA(N) * 'YCF(h))/1000.

19Q. IF (CAPD.Eu.'U') GO TO 504

200. kPITE (b,Su) N201. G1 TO SQ9202. 504 CONT IPIJE203. IF (4S.GE.I) GO TO Sob204. WRITE (6,5.S) N

205. Go TO S99

14

. .. _ . * • . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .... . %

2, _% _', _% _% _. .. . , *L. 1*-1 .

206. 506 CONTINUE207. IF CHUN0(.J).EQ.O) NUNOCN) z N20e. IF (HYU(N).Eu.' I ) HYVU(N) 9 ICU.FT.'209. C a

210. C *'PRINT OUT 14ARVEST UNIT CONSTANITS211. C212. WPRITE (6.6l0)HUN"E(N) HUNOCN) #4CRES(N) , tCF (N) oNte4YVU(N) #VPA(N).213. .N4YCF (10),NHS.$UFC (N)21'J. C215. C . PRJrUT OUr tARVEST SYSTEM I EAINGS216. C217. IF(STKT.GE.100.) WRITE(6#62l)218. IF (STKT.LT.Ioo.) ARITE(6,4021)21q. "VOL(N) X ACRES(N) *VPA(N,22n. M 2 0

221. MeEST x 0222. SEST a HUGE223. 00 507 1:1,b224J. 507 SPECS(I) x 0.225. 50O CONTINUE226. Of 2F4227. C ** READ IN HARVEST SYSTE04 DATA CARD.228. REAO(5,50)CR,#NsOeMIRHSNME(M),NPR#1ePA(M),NSVC (H). L*D8M(I),I21,U

229. .3. CPHYS(l),Lzl.La)230. IF (CARU.Ea.'S') GO TO 511231. WRITE (6,570) N, "232. GO TO 599233. 511 CONTINUE23u. IF (NPR.GE.l) GO TO 512

*235. W~RITE (b, 5715) N,

*23b. GO TO 599*237. 512 CONTINUE

238. IF (HSNO(m).E-).O) HSNO(M) =N*239. C R EAD IN mARvEsr SYSTEM4 FUEL PRODUCT CARD.

240. NEAD (S,53.)) CARD. FPNO, FNME(m). FPP(MJ, FPU0A), PRCF(t4)o241. *FPvC('4), Fmv(m)

*2u2. IF(PRCF(1).LT.O.5) PQCF(I) : 72.0* 243. IF(RI4YS(I.LT.0.5) PHYS(1) = PRCF(1)

244A. VPFU(p) z PDCF(mIII.YCF(N)249. IF (CARD.Eo..Fl) GO TO 510

24b. WRITE (6,5e0) N, mi*2'47. GO TO S94~

2Q,&. 514 COUNT INUE2-4Q.IF (FPNO.LE.0) FPNO 1

Z513. MFPP 2 lFIX(PP('M))251. IF (MFPP.GT.01 GO.: TO 516

* 252. WRITE (6,590) N. M~253. GO TO 59925-4. 518 CUNT114UE

255. PRPCST x FPVC(M)250. QF z (Fop(m)/100.J / VPFU~m)257. JJ 2 NPR-1

*258 . C254. C *** TEST FOR MIORE PRODUCTS OTHER THAN FUEL260. C

*261. IF (JJ.EQ.0) GO TO S27262. J 2 0

*263. 522 CONTINUE2bu.J j J j +

265. C . QEAO IN NON-FUEL PRUOUCT CARD260. REAO5,5S30) CARD. P'NO(l,J)p PNME(lJ)t PP(IPJI, PLNPEC1,J)v

*267. + D',CFCI.J)p PPVCCI#J)t MV(1.J)268. VUEUJC11J a PUCF(1,J)/HYCF(N)

*2feQ. PUAV(1.J) X((TCF(NI * PPc1.J))/ PUCF(1.J))*10.0* 270. IF CCARD.ErJ.'P9) GO TO 524*271. jP xj #t

272. PRITE (6,595) N, M, JP273. GO TO 599Z711. 52" CONTINUE2791. IF (PNU( 1.J).EO.0) PNO( 1,J)sJ*12T6. IF (FIJNME I ,J) El.' 0) PNMEtoj): 'Cj.Fr.'

15

*277. IF(V1JEQ(1,J).LE.o1.f) VUEG(l*J)gI*0278. C279. C ' TEST FOR ANUTHER NON-FUEL PRODUCT280. C261. IF (J.LT.JJ) G~O TO 522

v282. zn (PCIJ)10. j VUEO~t,

N: 284. JF a QJ / OF2L15. WKT 2 MKT 4 MV(I.j) * PLJAV(I#J)

286. PRPCST a PRPCST + (PPvCC1,J) - MV(1,J)) a JF

287. 526 CONTINUE268. 527 CUN1TINUE289. C290. C *** COM4PUTE HARVEST SYSTEM COST AND STU'S PER UNIT

291. C*292. AAF(M) a MVOL(N) * OF

*2Q3. HPVCST z ACPES(N) * tiPA('4) * HSVC(M) / AAF(M)294. COST(m) a HQVCST +PRPCST295. PAKTV(M) a MKT

*296. CALL 80ILER( STKT, EVRT, LEVS, *TLEV, ATLIM. PHYS, ALPHA# BETA*

297. + GAMMA, MFLA6)*296. IF (MFLAG.EO.O) GO TO 526

299. "RITE (6,109) HSN-E(M), HSNO(M), FNME(M), WTLII4

*300. (rO TO 533301. 528 CONTINiUE302. ENGY z PHYS(b)'303. CEUCH) 2 1000. * COsT(m) / ENGYloci9. AENJ(&) c (AAF(m) * ENGY) / 1(300.

*305. EEPLI(f)=ENGY*306. IF (CEU(-).GE.PEST) GU TO 532

307. REST zCEU(m)308. PRE57 z N

-309. 00 529 1=1,4S*310. 529 FLIFL(I) Z WPBKCI)

311. On 531 1a .*312. 531 SPECS(I) = PHYS(I)

*313. 532 CONTINUE*3141. 533 CONTINUE

-'315. C316. C PRINT OUT SYSTEM VALUES FOR FUEL AND HARVEST SYSTEM RESULTS

317. C318. WRITE(6,63O)HSNME (M),MSNO(M).MPA(m),HSVC(M-),FNM4E(m),FPP(M) ,FPU(M).31Q. *PMYS(l) .AAF (M) FPVC(M),FMV(M) .PHYS(2) ,AENCM4) COSTCM) .EEFU(M) .CEUCM

32t).321. C322. C *a "ITE NON-FUEL PRODUCT VALUE323. C

*32U. IF (NPR *EQ. 1) Go TO 535*325. D0 534 Jt1,JJ*326. 534 "RITEc6,640) PNME(1.J), PPC1,J), PLINME(l.J), PUCF(1.J), 0UAV(1,J).

327. +PPVC(1,J)VMV(I *J)328. C329. C *** TEST FOR ANOTHER HARVEST SYSTEM DATA CARD33C. C331. C332. 535 IF (M.LT.PJmS) GO TO 50O

*333. 536 CONTINUE*334. 00 537 1:1.0

33S. 537 TYPEcI,N) mFUEL(I)136. HP V(N) 2 MATV(MHEST)337. OJP(N) m F P0 (%.EST)

*338. CFPL'(N) a SPECS(1)334. mCp(1.N) z SPECS(2)340. 5r,rIN) a SPFCS(3)lat. ".41d(N) a SPECS(a)

*342. Mm4X(N) a SPECSC5)3U3. EHWII(l.N) z SPECS(a)

*344. VWAN) z AAF(mI1EST)*3u5. VPU(N) a COSTe?',3EST) + HUFC(N) /AAF(MSEST)

be. MmfiTU(1,%) 2 AEN(MOEST)

16

3'17. DPBTCIKl a (VPU(N) /EEFU(MBEST)) * 1000.346. C DPBT(1,N) a CEU("REST) + HUFC(N) / AEN(MBEST)349. C .'PI1NT OUT LEAST COST 04APVEST SYSTEM350. C351. WRITE(6,650) H.SNmE(%REST).HSNO(i4PEST ),HUNME(N),MUNO(N).VAA(N).352. *MMBTU(1,N),HUFC(N)POPBT (1.N).VPU(N)353. ORITE(b,bb0)35u. ,P1ITE (6,665)355. IF (N.LT.NHU) GO TO 5023S6. C357. C a'DEFINE 401STURE INCREMENTS FOR SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS358. DC' '8 I:1,NINK359. WC (I) X AC (I)

360. 4*8 "C(I) 2 '.C(I) / 100.361. C362. C3b3. C '.COMPUTE EFFECTIVE HEATING VALUE AND MmRTUIS AVAILABLE ANNUALLY

C *. C PER STANDARD UNIT365. DO 50 NZ1,NH4U36eb. PHYSCI) = CFPU(N)307. PHY5(3) a SG(N)368. PNYS(4) x HMV(N)369. 00 51 K:1,NINK370. J 2 K + I371. MCW(JPN) Z MCW(I,N) + 4C(K)372. PHYS(2) 2 MCW(J#N).373. CALL BOILER( STxTr EVPT, LEvs, WTLEv, WTLIm, PHiYS# ALPHA, dETA*

3714. + GAPMA, OFLAG):375. EMVL(JDN) 2 PMYS(b)37b. IF (MFLAG.EU.l) GO TO 52377. DPOT(J,N) Z (VRU(N)/EHVU(J~pd) * 1000.0378. 52 MPBTU(J,N) z (EHVU(J,N)*VAA(N))/1000.0379. 51 CONTINUE380. S0 CONTINUE381. C382. C a.RANKING SEQUiENCE (TO RANKC OPTION.S IN TERMS OF LEAST COST PER383. C ~" EFFECTIVE Mm4TU@S AT GIVEN MOISTURE CONTENT)3844. C365. IF (NHU.LE.1) GO TO t33386. LIMIT aNHU -387. DO 120 NZ1,NHU388. IikANKCN) z N389. 120 CONTINUE390. DO 125 INOEX:1,LImIT391. TBEST Z IRAfNK(INflEX)392. IPLUS 3 INDEX + 1393. ISTAR a 0394. 0O 130 I=IPLUS,NHU395. 11 2 IRANK(I396. IF (DPtbTc 1.1) - DPRT(1,IBEST)) 129, 130, 130397. 129 ISTAR z I3Rd. II±EST = 1139c). 130 CONTINUE.4*00. IF CISTAR.GT.O) IRANK(ISTAR) 2 IRANK(INOEX)'*01. IRANK(INDEA) 2 ISESTIA02. 125 CONTINUE'103. 133 CONTINUE160u. C'*05. C a.COMPUTE VOLUMES OF RESOURCES REQUIRED(lot). C'*07. 00 151 jet,?'*08. CMECK(J) zAMIR

40g.00 150 ,(21,NMLJ"t0. N a IINANK(X)"It. CHECK(J) 2 CHECK(J) - MMBTU(J.N)4*12. IF(CHECK(J).GT.0.0) VUCJ#N) ft VAA(N)413. IF(CHECX(J).LT.O.0) VU(J,N) a ((CHECK(J),MMBTU(J,14))*lO00.0)gI'*. *EHVU(J.Nu)G*1s. IFCMCA(JvN)*GT*,qTLIM) VU(JN) a20.0

'ala. F(vUCJN).LT.0.0) VU(J,N) a0.0

17

%* %.

'*17. I50 CONTINUEliaie. 151 CONTINUE419. C'*20. C *** COM~PUTE AVERAGE VCOST/I'STU@S (AVMB) AND TOTAL COST (BENI)4121. C4&22. Jul'123. 200 TVST(J)xFCU'424. UTIL(J]20.'*25. 0O 210 KSI.NHU4*26. N x IRANK(K)4*27. TVST(J) a (VU(JN)*VPU(N)) + TVSTCJ)4*28. wRPcC(J)u ((NWiC*VU(J.N) )/(52.O*VAA(N))*(TVBT(J)*MKV(N) )).WRKC(J)40. UTIL(J a C(EmVU(JvN)*VU(JN))110OO.O) + UTIL(J)'*30. 210 CONTINUE'*31. OCST(J):hRKC(J)*RPR4&32. TV8T(J) 2 TV8T(J) + wC3T(J)'*33. "pKC(J) z wRKC(J) /1000.01434. BENICJ 2 TVdT(J)/1000.0'*35. AVMSCJ) a TVfOT(J),UTIL(J)u36. J 2 J +*'137. IF(J.LT.8) GO TO 200

a~: CU*39. C .oFUEL TYPE DATA FOR EACH HARVEST UNIT'140. C41. umkITE (6,60) (TITLE(I)VI14)

.AQ2.IF(STKT.LE.100.0) ,RITE(b,61)'*43. IF(STRT.GT.100.0) .RITE(b,62) STKT

quit.IF(STKT.GT.99.9) mPITE~b#63)445.IF(STKT.LT. 100.0) ORITE (6,64*)

'4b. '*PITE(6,*50)447. 00 90 Kwt.NMU40fk. N a IRANK(K)'149. MPITE(6.70) K1 (TYPE(I.N).Iz1.d*),UO(N).VAA(N),CFPU(N).'150. *SG(N) ,MC.4(1.N),VPU(N)HX (N) .EHVU( 1.N).DPBT (leN)4151. 90 CONTINUE4S2. wRITEC6,b6O)'153. C

C **0 C PROSPECTUS REOUIREMENTS1'*55. C

4S57. IF(STKT.LE.100.0) 'WRITE (6,108) AMR454.IF(STKT.GT.99.4) WRITE (6,109) AMR

IS59* wRITE(6,11O)'160. DO 171 921004k)4b1. N aIRANK (K)'1o2. WRITE (6*160) K, (TYPE(IN),1z1,'1),UiBN), (Vu(J.N),J:1,7)'163. 171 CONTINUE4*0'. IF(STKT.LT.100.0) MRITE(6,219) (AVPMB(j), JZ1,7)abs5 IF(STKT.GT. 99.9) WRITE (6,220)(AvIAP(J), J=1,73

4*7. DO 172 Jutl4108. IF(CHECK(J).LE.O.0) GO TO 1724169. JJ a I'170. BENI(J z HUGE1471. 172 CO.NTINUE'172. .RITE (6.230) (8EN! (J)v.J:z *7)4673. wRITE(0,23*) (woRKC(J),Jz1,7)a17'. IF(SYT.LT.100.0) vsRITE(b.231)* EVRT'a75. IF(STKT.GT. 99*9) WRITE(b,233)'*76. ll:AJJ.Eg3.l) wRIIE(6,232)'177. D0 18O JzI.7'178. IF (CHECK (.) .GT.0.u) NRITE de. i0) m( (J) .CHECK (J)j.7q. 180 CONTIN4UE'100. C481. a0JTE(bo6b0i

483. 599 CONTINUE1684. mPITE(6,670)

485. STOP'*86. E No

18 U0. S. GOVOW PRN OFC:1W"052M 2,5-9/85

-. % - p -... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .

The Forest Products Early research at the Unanswered questions remainLaboratory (USDA Forest Laboratory helped establish and new ones will ariseService) has served as the U.S. industries that produce because of changes in thenational center for wood pulp and paper, lumber, timber resource andutilization research since structural beams, plywood, increased use of wood1910. The Laboratory, on the particleboard and wood products. As we approach theUniversity of Wisconsin- furniture, and other wood 21st Century, scientists at theMadison campus, has products. Studies now in Forest Products Laboratoryachieved worldwide progress provide a basis for will continue to meet therecognition for its more effective management challenge posed by thesecontribution to the knowledge and use of our timber questions.and better use of wood. resource by answering critical

questions on Its basiccharacteristics and on itsconversion for use In a varietyof consumer applications.

IRoa1ctsL~ 4~

1910 .1985

SVERS'A

. , ?. . . .d .. °I. . .* -. h

FILMED

11-85

DTIC