Aalto University 2011 Séminaire ASPROM Paris Nov. 2011 « « G G ENERALITIES ON ENERALITIES ON E E LECTRIC LECTRIC V V EHICLES ( EHICLES ( EV EV s s ) & ) & H H YBRID YBRID E E LECTRIC LECTRIC V V EHICLES ( EHICLES ( HEV HEV s s ) ) » » based on MEGEVH tutorial at IEEE-VPPC 2009 http://l2ep.univ-lille1.fr/megevh.htm Prof. A. BOUSCAYROL, Dr. R.TRIGUI L2EP, University Lille1, LTE, IFSTTAR, MEGEVH network, [email protected][email protected]
New concepts for grid management?but alsoA new way to manage our energy price?
(Vehicle to Grid)
32
EVs &HEVs
Paris, 2011
- Day trip Analysis -
Mileage range of a classical EV = 100 to 150 km
50%30%20%
Average values ofdaily trips inEurope in 2007
daily trip < 20 km
daily trip > 60 km
20 km < daily trip < 60 km
Possible uses of EVs?butA new way to manage our mobility?
33
Aalto University 2011
Séminaire ASPROMParisNov. 2011
4. Examples of research projects4. Examples of research projects
• Energy Storage Subsystems• Energy Management• Societal changes
34
EVs &HEVs
Paris, 2011
DC/DC
LV load
HV Battery
LV Battery
ICE
cl.
Front electric machine
Rear electric machine
energymanagement?
new concept
2
Simulation of various casesand energy management
implementationon prototypes
3 SE
mhach1
MS ar
SM
Fres
vvéh
Env.
kboîte
SM
Frein
Cfrein-ref
pemb
mhach2
MS av
Cmth-ref
SM
M. th
Cmth
SEVbat-BT
mhachDC/DC
MCC
dem
1
2
3
4
5
SE
kdem
kdem
vref
Krep-ar G/D
Krep frein
Krep-av G/D
Krep av/ar
Bloqué
vvéh-ref
Bloqué
Patinage
Ωarbre-ref
Krep-av Mth/mel-av
Vbat-BT-ref
1 EMR andcontrol
[Letrouvé & al. 2011]
- Double parallel HEV -
35
EVs &HEVs
Paris, 2011
Modelling
Simulation
Control
Prototype
Description
Emulation
ALT
DEMMEL
AR
DEMMot
Therm.
C/P
EMB B.V.
Crabot Red.
Véh.
Ibat-
bt
Réseau
et
Stock.
Elec
Ubat
-bt
Imel
Ialtd
em
Ubat
-ht
Cde
mΩem
b
Ωem
b
CcpCalt
demΩaltd
em
Ωem
b
Cmt
h Ωbv
Cem
b
Cbv
Ωrou
e
CredCcra
bot
CmelΩcra
bot
Ωred Ωrou
e
Fr
ef
STRATEGIE
Con
duct
eur
12
34
5
SimVHP
HIL simulation
- Double parallel HEV -
36
EVs &HEVs
Paris, 2011
Bat1
Bat1
Res Res Res
ResResRes
tank ICE
traction current (A)
[Boulon & al. 2010]
uC2
ig2
ig1
uC1
uC1
Tice
Ttot
gen
gen
gen
Tg1Tg1-ref
double generator
ICE
Tg2-ref
Tice-ref Tg2
Bat1Vbat1 iL1
iL1 uh1mh1
ih1
itot1
uC1
uC1
uC2
Bat2Vbat2 iL2
iL2 uh2mh2
ih2uC2
uC2
iMT1
iMT2
battery sets
DC buses
connections
itot3
6
6
Ttot
gear
Tm1
mvsi1
Tm2
itot1
uC1
em1im1
uvsi1 im1
em2im2
uvsi2 im2
mvsi2
gear
gearitot2
uC2
vhev
Environ.Fres
6vhev
Brake
vhevFbk
Fbk-ref
vhev
FtractFtotTgear Fwh
wh vhev
double-machine drive wheel and brake chassis
- High-redundancy HEV -
37
EVs &HEVs
Paris, 2011[Boulon & al. 2010]
uC2
ig2
ig1
uC1
uC1
Tice
Ttot
gen
gen
gen
Tg1Tg1-ref
double generator
ICE
Tg2-ref
Tice-ref Tg2
Bat1Vbat1 iL1
iL1 uh1mh1
ih1
itot1
uC1
uC1
uC2
Bat2Vbat2 iL2
iL2 uh2mh2
ih2uC2
uC2
iMT1
iMT2
battery sets
DC buses
connections
itot3
6
6
uC2-refitot3-refig2-meas
uh2-ref
iL2-ref ih2-ref
gen-ref Ttot-ref kD
Tg1-ref
Tg2-ref
Ttot
gear
Tm1
mvsi1
Tm2
itot1
uC1
em1im1
uvsi1 im1
em2im2
uvsi2 im2
mvsi2
gear
gearitot2
uC2
vhev
Environ.Fres
6vhev
Brake
vhevFbk
Fbk-ref
vhev
FtractFtotTgear Fwh
wh vhev
vhev-refFtot-ref
kD2
Twh1-ref
Tm2-ref
Ftract-refTm1-ref
kD4
Twh1-ref Fwh-ref
kD3im1-refuvsi1-ref
m1-ref
m2-ref
uC2-refitot3-refig2-meas
uh2-ref
iL2-ref ih2-ref
double-machine drive wheel and brake chassis
strategy
Strategy = coordination of subsystems
- High-redundancy HEV -
38
EVs &HEVs
Paris, 2011
- Electric Variable Transmission -
+ _
EM1 EM2
Enable a continuous variation of rotation speeds and torques
Optimization of ICEspeed and torque
39
EVs &HEVs
Paris, 2011[Cheng & al. 2011]
- HEVs using EVT -
is1_dq _ref
vdc
ΩEM2
TEM1
TEM1 ΩEM2
Ttot
ΩEM1
iinv
vdc
us2
iinv2 ms2_ref
ms1_ref
us1iinv1
es2_dqis2_dq
vs2_dq is2_dq Tem2
es1_dqis1_dq
vs1_dq is1_dq TEM1
is2
is1
θd/s1
Shaft of ICE
ΩICE
ΩICETICE
TICE_ref
Ftot
ΩEM2
Ttot_ref
Tem1_ref
Tem1_ref
Tem2_ref
vs1_dq _refus1_ref
FOCPWM
us2_ref vs2_dq _ref is2_dq _ref
PWM
ms2_ref
FOC
ΩICE_ref
Tem1_refTICE_ref
Fresvhev
vhev
vhev_refFtot_ref
vhev_mea
Mechanicalcoupling
DC bus ParallelConnection
Inverters
θd/s2
Induction machines Trans.Wheels
Environ. Chassis
vdc
LTE
• Design of an PM-SM EVT for Toyota Prius II• Control of the EVT-HEV• Comparison with Toyota Prius II
Energetic Macroscopic Representationand control of the EVT-HEV
ICEW
WPM+PM
Veh.
0 200 400 600 800 10000
50
100
150 Vehicle speed (km/h)
t(s)
0 200 400 600 800 1000
-500
0
500 Machines Speed - EM2 (rad/s)
t(s)
0 200 400 600 800 100040
50
60
70SOC(%)
t(s)
PM-SM EVT
40
EVs &HEVs
Paris, 2011
EV suingEV suingbatteriesbatteries
EV usingEV usingScapsScaps..
EV usingEV usingbatteries and batteries and ScapsScaps..
P massiq.
Coût
Recyclab.
Sécu.
Duréede vie
E massiq.
P massiq.
Coût
Recyclab.
Sécu.
Duréede vie
E massiq.
P massiq.
Coût
Recyclab.
Sécu.
Duréede vie
E massiq.
LTE
- EVs using hybrid ESS -
[Allègre 2010]
41
EVs &HEVs
Paris, 2011
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3500
5
10
0 100 200 300-200
0
200
100
200
Velocity (m/s)
Curents (A)
Voltage (V)
vmes
iscp
ibatt
ubattuscp
t(s)
The simplest strategyThe simplest strategy
Start Arrival
LTE
=
=L1
Scps
BattNi-CD
~
=ME
Scap charginAt standstill
Softcommutation
Test only for ZEV mode
- EVs using hybrid ESS -
42
Aalto University 2011
Séminaire ASPROMParisNov. 2011
HEVs and EVs could be valuable complementary vehicles
a limited mileage range could be…a chance…
… forward a more reasonable use of our mobility!
ConclusionConclusion
Technology will not save Automotive industry!The mobility concepts have to be changed!
43
Aalto University 2011
Séminaire ASPROMParisNov. 2011
ReferencesReferences
44
EVs &HEVs
Paris, 2011
- References (1) -[Allègre 09] A. L. Allègre, A. Bouscayrol, R. Trigui, “Influence of control strategies on
battery/supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for traction applications", IEEE-VPPC’09, Dearborn (USA), September 2009,(common paper L2EP Lille and LTE-INRETS in the framework of MEGEVH network)
[Boulon 09] L. Boulon, D. Hissel, M. C. Pera, A. Bouscayrol, O. Pape, “Energy based modeling of a 6 wheel drive hybrid heavy truck", IEEE-VPPC’09, Dearborn (USA), September 2009 (common paper FEMTO-ST, L2EP Lille and Nexter Systems in the framework of MEGEVH network)
[Bouscayrol 03] A. Bouscayrol, "Formalismes de représentation et de commande des systèmes électromécaniques multimachines multiconvertisseurs", HDR de l'Université de Lille 1, décembre 2003.
[Chan 07] C.C. Chan: "The state of the art of electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles“, Proc. of the IEEE, April 2007, Vol. 95, No.4, pp. 704 - 718.
[Chan 09] C.C. Chan, Y. S. Wong, A. Bouscayrol, K. Chen, "Powering Sustainable Mobility: Roadmaps of Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles", Proceedings of the IEEE, to be published in vol. 97, no. 4, April 2009, (common paper University of Hong-Kong and L2EP Lille).
[Chan 10] C. C. Chan, A. Bouscayrol, K. Chen, “Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Architectures and Modeling", IEEE transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 59, no. 2, February 2010, pp. 589-598 (common paper of L2EP Lille and Honk-Kong University).
[Chen 08] K. Chen, A. Bouscayrol, A. Berthon, P. Delarue, D. Hissel, R. Trigui, “Global modeling of different vehicles, using Energetic Macroscopic Representation to focus on system functions and system energy properties”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 4, no. 2, June 2009,pp. 80-89 (common paper L2EP Lille, FEMTO-ST and LTE-INRETS according to MEGEVH project)
[Cheng 09] Y. Cheng, K. Chen, C.C. Chan, A. Bouscayrol, S. Cui, “Global modelling and control strategy simulation for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle using Electrical Variable Transmission”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, vol. 4, no. 2, June 2009, pp. 73-79 (common paper Harbin Institute of technology and L2EP Lille)
45
EVs &HEVs
Paris, 2011
- References (2) -
[Emadi 05] A. Emadi, K. Rajashekara, S. S. Willaimson, S.M. Lukic, “Topological overview of Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell vehicula power systems architectures and configurations”, IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, May 2005, Vol. 54, No. 3, pp. 763-770.
[Eshani 05] M. Eshani, Y. Gao, S. E. Gay, A. Emadi, "Modern electric, hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicles", CRC Press, New York, 2005.
[Lhomme 08] W. Lhomme, R. Trigui, P. Delarue, B. Jeanneret, A. Bouscayrol, F. Badin, "Switched causal modeling of transmission with clutch in hybrid electric vehicles”, IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 57, no. 4, July 2008, pp. 2081-2088, (common paper L2EP, LTE-INRETS in the framework of MEGEVH network)
[Mi 09] C. Mi, “Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles - Power electronics, battery management, control, optimization, and V2G”, IEEE-ISIE’09, Seoul, July 2009.
[Salmasi 07] F. R. Salmasi, "Control strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: evolution, classification, comparison and future trends", IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, September 2007, Vol. 56, No. 3, pp. 2393-2404..
[Scordia 2009] J. Scordia, R. Trigui, M. Desbois-Renaudin, B. Jeanneret, F. Badin, “Global Approach for Hybrid Vehicle Optimal Control”, Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles. Volume 7, Number 1, June 2009.
[Vinot 08] E. Vinot, J. Scordia, R. Trigui, B. Jeanneret, F. Badin, “Model simulation, validation and case study of the 2004 THS of Toyota Prius”, International Journal of Vehicle System Modelling and testing, Vol. 3, No 3, pp. 139-167, 2008.
![EMR AND · PDF fileProf. Alain BOUSCAYROL University Lille 1, L2EP, ... [Hautier96] J. P. Hautier, J. Faucher, “Le graphe informationnel causal”, (Text in French), Bulletin de](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/5a7c01f07f8b9a0a668c8a73/emr-and-prof-alain-bouscayrol-university-lille-1-l2ep-hautier96-j-p.jpg)
