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Prof. A. Taleb-BendiabRoom 605
[email protected]://www.cms.livjm.ac.uk/taleb/lectures/cmscb3005
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 11
Distributed Applications Services Distributed Applications Services For E-business For E-business
Part IPart I
Liverpool John Moores UniversitySchool of Computing and Mathematical Sciences
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 22
In this session…In this session…
E-business• Definitions• E-business Models
– Distributed product development scenario
– Virtual organisations
• E-business patterns• Requirements
Distributed Applications and Convergence Emerging web development technologies
– Thin versus Thick Clients
• Scripting languages
– Server side
– Client side
– Active Server Pages (ASP) vs Java Server Pages (JSP)
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 33
DefinitionsDefinitions
E-Business• Whole or part of an
organisation’s business activities are mediated by ICT.
• E-Commerce– The purchases of goods,
services and/or financial transactions mediated by ICT.
• E-work• M-Commerce
Few acronyms:• B2B, C2B, B2C• P2P – sharing and
interchanging resources with each other,
• A2A Etc. Source: SAP web siteSource: SAP web site
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 44
E-Business Environment E-Business Environment
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 55
E-Business ModelsE-Business ModelsReactive Mode Proactive Mode
• Extended Value Chain– Supply chain
• Contract Bidding model
– Demand chain
• Intermediary, 3rd party– Brokerage
• Buy/Sell, B2B, B2C
• Demand Aggregation, Virtual Mall, Auction broker
– Advertising, Infomediary
– Integration
• Search, Negotiation, Bargaining,
• Monitoring and Control.
• Service and solutions providers– Merchant, Manufacturer:
– Affiliate: IEEE, IEE, BCS, etc.
– Subscription, ISP, Communication
• New product/service development
– Market research
• Discover and publish
– Research and Develop
• Develop and publish
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 66
E-Business Hurdles #1E-Business Hurdles #1 Corporate Culture
• Lack of knowledge• Lack of vision – opportunities and threats • Lack of trust -- understanding risk, IPR, get paid
Organisational• Lack of knowledge and qualified personnel• Lack of executive awareness• Understanding cost of entry
Technological• Lack of interoperation between E-business application and
legacy systems and data• Lack of interoperation between IT systems of E-business
partners• Lack of standards
– business, – data/knowledge interchange, – Software and hardware
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 77
E-Business Hurdles #2E-Business Hurdles #2 Fraud
• Lack of– Security, privacy, user authentication, authorisation and integrity– International access -- trade barriers– Trust and risk of loss
• Legal issues – contracts, IPR, liability, etc.
Workpractices• Lack of business models• Lack of customer needs
– Relationship• Satisfaction and worries• not just an IP address and/or Credit Card Number
Other• Scalability• Complementary resources, capabilities including; access to
relationships, facilities, people, and knowledge
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 88
ComplexityComplexity
Customer Customer Relationship Relationship ManagementManagement
Supply ChainSupply ChainManagementManagement
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 99
Key RequirementsKey Requirements Marketplace Technology Requirements
• More efficient use of IT resources including;More efficient use of IT resources including;– Computing, storage, Computing, storage, – applications, data, etc.applications, data, etc.– Flexible integrationFlexible integration
• Low-cost industrial strength infrastructure with dependable Low-cost industrial strength infrastructure with dependable properties including;properties including;
– High-availability, reliabilityHigh-availability, reliability– High-security, etc.High-security, etc.
• Applications, people, technology, etc.Applications, people, technology, etc.• Freedom of deploymentFreedom of deployment
– Distributed either centralized or decentralised,Distributed either centralized or decentralised,– Owned and/or outsourced, etc.Owned and/or outsourced, etc.
• Ubiquitous and open architecture Standards
• More on this later on Other
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 1010
Standard & SpecificationsStandard & Specifications Initiatives
• XML – www.xml.com• Open Application Group
– http://www.openapplications.org/– BizTalk Framework
• A set of guidelines application integration through use of; – Publish XML schemas – Use XML messages
• Leveraging existing data models, solutions, and application infrastructure - and adapt them for e-commerce.
• RosettaNet initiative: – E-business common protocols for trading-partners to;
• sharing “real-time” business information• business relationships – dynamic partnering• Integration of disparate purchasing/business practices. • http://www.rosettanet.org
• Open Catalogue– Specifications to address problems of e-catalogues
interoperability.• Web Services
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 1111
POLICY•PKI•TPA•Compliance
SPECS.
IT S
peci
fic
Dic
tion
ary
and
PIPs
•Network Protocols Base Spec.
•PIP Metamodel•PIP Design patterns •Network Component
Communications Reference Model
EC
Sp
ecifi
cD
icti
on
ary
an
d P
IPs
RNIF LAYERS
Core
Common
Supply Chain
XML
Framework
Dictionary
Internet
PIPeProces
s
EC Application
Implementation FrameworkImplementation Framework
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 1212
IBM Framework for E-BusinessIBM Framework for E-Business
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 1313
Structure of the IBM Patterns for e-Structure of the IBM Patterns for e-businessbusiness
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 1414
Building BlocksBuilding Blocks Infrastructure
• Carrier ($4K/month), Web Hosting ($6K/month)• Router ($100K), Web Server, App Server($100K)• Database Server (100 K), Storage (100K – 300Gb)• Load Balancing, Security, Caching (100K)
Applications• Content Management, Personalization• Transaction Engine, Ad Serving• Site Analysis, Campaign Management• Customer Support
Integration• Application Integration including; Web and legacy systems• Sales Systems Integration, Supply Chain Integration• Financials
Fulfillment
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 1515
ArchitectureArchitecture
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 1616
E-Business Applications Layers
Network Layer(IP)
Physical Layer
Protocol Stack Messages Protocol Stack
Transport Layer(TCP)
Network Layer(IP)
Physical Layer
Transport Layer(TCP)
e-BusinessApplication Layer
•Transaction Application•Distribution Application•Query-Response Application
(HTTP, HTTP with SSL, Sockets)
e-BusinessApplication Layer
•Transaction Application•Distribution Application•Query-Response Application
(HTTP, HTTP with SSL, Sockets)
Source: RosettaNetSource: RosettaNet
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 1717
E-Business Protocols
Transfer Protocol
Protocol Stack Messages Protocol Stack
InternalBusinessProcesses
BusinessInformation
Supply Chain Business Processes
Action Protocol
Service Protocol
InternalBusinessProcesses
BusinessInformation
Transport Protocol
Security Protocol
Transfer Protocol
Action Protocol
Service Protocol
Transport Protocol
Security Protocol
Agent Protocol Agent Protocol
Transaction Protocol Transaction Protocol
Source: RosettaNetSource: RosettaNet
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 1818
Example: Portal ServicesExample: Portal Services
Source: [3] IBM paper.Source: [3] IBM paper.
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 1919
Evolution of Applications ArchitecturesEvolution of Applications Architectures
MainframeMainframe
Thick Thick ClientClient
Thin ClientThin Client
OS and Platform OS and Platform DependentDependent
OS and Platform OS and Platform DependentDependent
MonolithicMonolithicApplicationApplicationMonolithicMonolithicApplicationApplication
Hosted Hosted ApplicationApplication
Hosted Hosted ApplicationApplication
PlatformPlatformindependentindependent
PlatformPlatformindependentindependent
OS and Platform OS and Platform DependentDependent
OS and Platform OS and Platform DependentDependent
DistributedDistributedApplicationApplicationDistributedDistributedApplicationApplication
OS and Platform OS and Platform DependentDependent
OS and Platform OS and Platform DependentDependent
DesktopDesktopApplicationApplication
DesktopDesktopApplicationApplication
PlatformPlatformindependentindependent
PlatformPlatformindependentindependent
OS, Plat., InterfaceOS, Plat., Interfaceindependentindependent
OS, Plat., InterfaceOS, Plat., Interfaceindependentindependent
Distributed ApplicationsDistributed Applications
Server-based ApplicationsServer-based Applications
Services-based ApplicationsServices-based Applications
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 2020
2-Tier Architecture2-Tier Architecture
SOURCE: FOURNIER
TIER 1:CLIENT
TIER 2:SERVER Server performs
all processing
Web ServerApplication ServerDatabase Server
Does not scale. Server does too much work.
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 2121
3-Tier Architecture3-Tier Architecture
Source: Cynthia McFall, “An object infrastructure for Internet middleware”, IEEE Internet Computing, March-April 1998, pp.46-51
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 2222
N-Tier ArchitectureN-Tier Architecture
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 2323
From Centralised to Decentralised From Centralised to Decentralised Systems #1Systems #1
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 2424
Decentralised Systems #2Decentralised Systems #2
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 2525
Application Service ProvidersApplication Service Providers Outsourcing Mechanism
• Enterprise Apps, Collaborative Apps, Personal Productivity Apps• Web Hosting and Outsourcing of
– Location of equipment– Server Equipment (Web, Database..)– Networking Equipment– Storage, Backup, Security
• Web Content Delivery– Mirroring and Caching require significant infrastructure investments– Outsourcing can be more cost-effective
Application sourced externally• Mail.com handles email for many sites
Economies of Scale, Scope• Leverage market efficiency..competition• Minimize Capital Costs
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 2626
SAN Definition• Multiple paths to each
resource
• Any-to-any connections
• Open structure using industry standard protocol
• No node dependencies, Fault tolerant.
• Optimised for large block transfers
• High bandwidth and high availability
• Scales up with no performance loss
Storage Attached NetworkStorage Attached Network
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 2727
Server Clusters and web-hostingServer Clusters and web-hosting
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 2828
Some ApplicationsSome Applications
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 2929
Enabling TechnologyEnabling Technology
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 3030
Next lecture...Next lecture...
Brief introduction to Java Overview of XML Web applications using Java and XML An example web application services Tutorial session
Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: Prof. A. Taleb-Bendiab, Module: Contemporary issues in IT – Application Service Provision and E-Business, Code: CMSCB3005, Lecture: 1, Date: 18/04/2318/04/23, Page: , Page: 3131
ConclusionsConclusions Increasing use of web technology
• Constant ICT evolution • Http becoming the ubiquitous protocol
Need for new software development approaches and tools
New application architectures