Prof. Anil Kumar SrivastavaProf. Anil Kumar SrivastavaDirectorDirector
National Dairy Research InstituteNational Dairy Research InstituteKarnal-132001 (India)Karnal-132001 (India)
R&D IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE: R&D IN INDIAN AGRICULTURE: STATUS, SCOPE AND FUTURE ROAD STATUS, SCOPE AND FUTURE ROAD
MAPMAP
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
R&D in Indian AgricultureR&D in Indian Agriculture
• India has one of the largest and well coordinated public agricultural research systems in the world.
• Agricultural R&D is almost completely funded by the federal and states governments
• Private investment in agricultural R&D has increased fivefold since the mid-1990s.
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Private Sector in Agriculture R&DPrivate Sector in Agriculture R&D
• Seed industry for field crops, fruits, and vegetables; • Pesticide industry;• Farm machinery industry • Poultry Husbandry
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Indian Agriculture as TodayIndian Agriculture as Today > 17% of the world’s human & 12% livestock population 4.2% of the global water 2.4% of the world’s land 142 m ha cultivated & 60 m ha net irrigated 137% cropping intensity 52% of population earns livelihood in agriculture 16.6% contribution in GDP 10.23% earning of total exports (Rs. 86,000 crores)
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Productivity Gains Productivity Gains
CommodityProductivity
1950 2009 Times
Food Grains, kg/ha 522 1898 3.6
Fruits, kg/ha 8600 13700 1.6
Vegetables, kg/ha 7500 15600 2.1
Fish, kg/ha (Aquaculture) 400 2700 6.8
Milk litre/lactation 583 1080 1.8
Eggs, No./bird 50 238 4.8
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Production of Food Grains Production of Food Grains (Million Ton)(Million Ton)
198.36 208.6 217.28230.78 234.47
218.11244.78 257.44
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Source: Ministry of Agriculture
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Year Wheat Rice Pulses Oilseeds Cotton Sugarcane
2010-11 93.90 104.32 17.21 30.01 35.20 357.67
2011-12 86.87 95.98 18.24 32.47 34.08 342.38
Commodity Wise Production (million Commodity Wise Production (million ton)ton)
Source: Ministry of Agriculture
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Growth Rate in Sub-sectors of Agriculture Growth Rate in Sub-sectors of Agriculture (percent / year)(percent / year)
Period Crop sector Livestock Horticulture crops
1950-1960 3.06 1.42 0.74
1960-1970 1.70 0.41 4.87
1970-1980 1.79 3.92 2.86
1980-1990 2.24 4.91 2.63
1990-2000 3.02 3.79 5.95
2000-2009 3.06 3.90 3.35
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Crops 2000-01 to 2008-09Cotton 12.96Bajra 4.38Groundnut 3.81Soybean 3.15Jowar 3.03Maize 2.58Sunflower 2.51Rapeseed & Mustard 1.93Rice 1.69Wheat 0.24
Growth Rate in Productivity of Major Growth Rate in Productivity of Major Crops (% / year)Crops (% / year)
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Production of Important Livestock Products Production of Important Livestock Products in Indiain India
Source: Planning Commission’s Working Group for 12 th Plan on Animal Husbandry
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Year Meat Eggs
1991-92 to 1999-2000 1.01 4.18
2000-01 to 2010-11 1.11 5.60
Percent Annual Growth inPercent Annual Growth inLivestock Products in IndiaLivestock Products in India
Source: Planning Commission’s Working Group for 12 th Plan on Animal Husbandry
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Estimated and Targeted Growth Estimated and Targeted Growth Rates for Rates for
Horticultural and Plantation CropsHorticultural and Plantation Crops
Source: Planning Commission’s Working Group on Hrticultural and Plantation Crops for 12 th Plan
5.555.16
2.041.5
5.16
7.57
4.99
6
7
4 4
5.5
8
6.5
0123456789
Fruit Vegetables Spices Plantation Crops Flowers Nuts Overall
11th Plan 12th Plan
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Year Growth rate (% per annum)
1950-51 to 1960-61 1.64
1960-61 to 1973-74 1.15
1973-74 to 1980-81 4.51
1980-81 to 1990-91 5.50
1990-91 to 2000-01 4.21 2000-01 to 2008 4.10
Growth Rate in Milk ProductionGrowth Rate in Milk Production
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Dairying Wealth of IndiaDairying Wealth of IndiaAbout 70% of milk is produced by marginal and small
farmers having 2-4 animals
The productivity of Indian milch animal is 1012 kg/ year (world average is 2200 kg/ year)
World
• Production of milk stands at 720 million tones. Asia produces 256 million tones
• Growth rate is only 1.1%
India
• Highest milk producer with 130 million tones
• Nearly 3.5 – 4 times higher than world average growth rate, despite minimal investment
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Trend in Milk Production in IndiaTrend in Milk Production in India
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Trend in Per Capita Availability of Trend in Per Capita Availability of Milk in IndiaMilk in India
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Contribution of Different Animal Contribution of Different Animal to Milk Poolto Milk Pool
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Projected Food Demands (mt)Projected Food Demands (mt)Commodity 2020-21
Cereals 262.0Pulses 22.2Food grains 284.2Egg (number billion) 87.6Meat 4.1Fish 11.9Oilseeds 68.6Vegetables 159.7Fresh fruits 96.5Sugarcane 435.6
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Projected Milk DemandProjected Milk Demand
2012 2015 (Projected) 2020 (Projected)127.3 MT 142.9 MT 191.3 MT
At the existing rate of growth in milk production, in next ten years, supply is likely to fall short of the demand.
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Major ConcernsMajor Concerns Water crisis Soil degradation and fatigue Genetic erosion High post-harvest losses Inadequate markets and unfavourable trade Fragile policy support
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Pesticides Registered in Different Pesticides Registered in Different CountriesCountries
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Pesticides Used in Different Pesticides Used in Different CountriesCountries
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Tapping the Untapped Animal Population
Improving Reproduction would fill the gapImproving Reproduction would fill the gap
How?How?
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Category Milk production (Est.)
Crossbred cattle 2.64 MT
Indigenous cattle 3.97 MT
Buffaloes 5.78 MT
Total 12.39 MT
Rise in Milk Production, if we make Rise in Milk Production, if we make “uncalved” to “Calved” status…“uncalved” to “Calved” status…
Additional 12.39 MT (total milk production would be 142.39 MT)
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Calving Interval: Desired vs Calving Interval: Desired vs ExistingExisting
Calving Cyclicity Conception Gestation
Calving to conception 85 d Vs 169 d
Calving interval = 425 d Vs 479 d
Calving
Calving Calving Cyclicity Conception Gestation
Calving to conception = 85 d Vs 136 d
Calving interval = 365 d Vs 414 d
Cattle
Buffaloes
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Missing of Heat: Economic LossesMissing of Heat: Economic Losses• Each missed heat is a missed opportunity. It delays calving
by at least 21 days and implies a loss of at least 21 days of milk.
• Assuming a production average of only 5 liters per day, it translates into 105 litres or Rs. 3150. Added to this is the cost of maintenance for 21 days@ 65 /- (Rs 1365).
• Hence each missed heat leads to a loss of Rs. 4515/- for the farmer.
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Age at puberty of buffaloesAge at puberty of buffaloes( Exotic vs. Indigenous )( Exotic vs. Indigenous )
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Availability & Demand of Male Availability & Demand of Male Germplasm Germplasm
(million)(million)Adult
Female Cattle
Adult FemaleBuffalo
Total Adult
Female
In-milk cattle and
buffalo
Semen Straws
Available
AI CoveredIn-milk
cattle and buffalo
AI NotCoveredIn-milk
cattle and buffalo
72.91 54.47 127.38 77. 04 52 27 45.49
Additional demand of male germplasm = 91 million strawsAssume 15% animal served through natural services
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Focused Research PrioritiesFocused Research Priorities
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
OPU-IVF, Calf ‘Holi’ born on March 7, 2012OPU-IVF, Calf ‘Holi’ born on March 7, 2012
Ovum Pick-up Technology from Clinically Ovum Pick-up Technology from Clinically Infertile/ Infertile/
Sub-Fertile Animals Sub-Fertile Animals
Cloned Calf “Garima-II” born on August 22, 2010: Cloned Calf “Garima-II” born on August 22, 2010: Delivered female calf “Mahima” on January 25, 2013Delivered female calf “Mahima” on January 25, 2013
Cloned Calf “Shrestha” born on August 26th, 2010
(Success Story of NAIP Project)(Success Story of NAIP Project)
SummarySummary
• Let us work together towards the common global goal i.e. for accelerating food production to provide food and nutritional security for every citizen of the world.
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013
Workshop on “India-ICSTI Cooperation in Science and Innovation; February 28, 2013