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Prof. Dr. Jinxing Xie Department of Mathematical Sciences

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Inventory Management (Deterministic Model): Dynamic Lot-Sizing Problem & Capacitated Lot-Sizing Problem. Prof. Dr. Jinxing Xie Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China http://faculty.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/~jxie Email: [email protected] - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1 Inventory Management (Deterministic Model): Dynamic Lot-Sizing Problem & Capacitated Lot-Sizing Problem Prof. Dr. Jinxing Xie Department of Mathematical Sciences Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, Chin a http://faculty.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/~jxie Email: [email protected] Voice: (86-10)62787812 Fax: (86-10)6278 5847
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1

Inventory Management (Deterministic Model): Dynamic Lot-Sizing Problem &

Capacitated Lot-Sizing Problem

Prof. Dr. Jinxing Xie

Department of Mathematical Sciences

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

http://faculty.math.tsinghua.edu.cn/~jxie

Email: [email protected]

Voice: (86-10)62787812 Fax: (86-10)62785847

Office: Rm. 1202, New Science Building

2

Review: EOQ and ELSP EOQ (EPQ / EMQ)

Deterministic, statistic demand (not time-varying) Single stage (uncapacitated), infinite planning horizon

ELSP (Economic Lot-Sizing Problem): Multiple products Single stage (Single Capacitated Machine)

Multiple stage: Echelon Inventory; Powers-of-Two Policies

How about finite horizon case? Constant demand: Equal cycles, or EOQ approximation Dynamic demand (time-varying): Lot-sizing Problem

3

( Single-level Uncapacitated Lotsizing )

某工厂生产某种产品用以满足市场需求 , 且已知在时段t 中的市场需求为 dt . 在某时段 t, 如果开工生产 , 则生产开工所需的生产准备费为 st , 单件产品的生产费为ct . 在某时段 t 期末 , 如果有产品库存 , 单件产品的库存费为 ht . ( 假设这些参数非负 )

假设初始库存为 0, 不考虑能力限制 , 工厂应如何安排生产 , 可以保证按时满足生产 , 且使总费用最小 ?

单产品、无能力限制的批量问题

4

单产品、无能力限制的批量问题

0 T t

d(t)

5

假设在时段 t, 产品的生产量为 xt , 期末产品的库存为 It (I0 =0); 用二进制变量 yt 表示在时段 t 工厂是否进行生产准备 . (假设不允许缺货)

.,,2,1,0,

,0

,,,2,1,0,0

,0,1

,,,2,1,..

)(min

0

1

1

TtIx

I

Ttx

xy

TtdIxIts

Ihxcysz

tt

t

tt

tttt

ttttt

T

tt

整数(0-1)规划模型 : 非线性/线性?

xt <=M*yt, yt = 0 or 1, M 充分大

6

可以只考虑

注:当 ct 为常数,目标函数可变为

单产品、无能力限制的批量问题

定理 (Zero-switch Property; Zero-Inventory Property)

一定存在满足条件 的最优解 .

假设费用均非负,则在最优解中 ,即 00 TII

T

tt

T

tt dx

11

)(1

ttt

T

tt Ihysz

)1(01 TtxI tt

Ttttttt ddddddx 11 ,,,,0

7

单产品、无能力限制的批量问题

记 wij 为第 i 时段生产  时所导致的费用 ( 包括生产准备费、生产费和库存费 ), 即

其中网络:从所有节点 i 到 j (> i) 连一条弧 , 弧上的权为 wi,j-1 , 如 T=4

时:

1j

it ttiiiij Ihxcsw

01 jiii dddx

jitt dddI 21)1( jti

1 2 3 4 5w11 w33 w22 w44

w34 w23 w12

w13 w24

w14

即从节点 1 到 5找一条最短路

8

动态规划求解

用 ft 表示当 t 时段初始库存为 0 时,从 t 时段到 T 时段的子问题的最优费用值 ( 即从节点 t 到 T+1 的最短路长 )

最优值(费用)为 f1 . 计算复杂性为

][min

,0

11

1

fwf

f

tTt

t

T

)( 2TO

1990(OPERIONS RESEARCH), 1991(Management Science):

对 s, c, h 与 t 无关的情形,找到 O(T) 的算法;否则找到 O(T logT ) 的算法

9

注:如何计算 wij ? in O(T2)?记

for i=1,2,…,T

{ A=0; B=0; C=0;

for j=i,i+1,…,T

{ A=A+dj;

if (j>i) B=B+hj-1;

C=C+B*dj;

if (A=0)

wij=0;

else

wij=si+ci*A+C;

}

}

0 if,0

0 if,1,ji

ji

j

it titjiii

ijd

dhddcsw

jiiji

jiiji

hhhh

dddd

1

1 ;

算法(计算 wi,j ) in O(T2)

10

单产品、无能力限制的批量问题:另一种建模方法

1 2 3 4I1

x1

0

T

ttd

1

x2 x3 x4

I2 I3

d1 d2 d3 d4

凹费用( concave cost )最小费用流问题

模型扩展:• 提前期非0• 允许缺货• 价格折扣• 非线性成本• Inflation

• 有限能力• 多级系统• ……

11

Lot-sizing in Serial System

Serial system ( Love , 1972, MS):

12

Serial System

1

2

N

13

Serial System

14

Serial System

N=3

n=4

15

Serial System

16

Serial System: Algorithm Design

17

Serial System: Dynamic Programming

18

Serial System: Computational complexity

19

Multi-stage system

Serial system ( Love , 1972, MS):

Assembly system : IN-TREE (1984, MS):

20

Multi-stage system

Distribution system

General

21

Earlier researches in the field

22

General multi-stage system

When production capacity is INFINITE, Dynamic lot-sizing problem (DLSP)

(also called uncapacitated CLSP, since DLSP sometimes refers to Discrete Lot-Sizing Problem)

When production capacity is incorporated,

then problem is much more difficult

(strongly NP-hard) Capacitated lot-sizing problem (CLSP)

23

HGA for General CLSP

24

General CLSP Model

25

Review of this lecture: DLSP & CLSP

Finite horizon, Dynamic demand Single stage (WW algorithm) Serial system (Love) Assembly system Distribution system General system

What can be generalized to DLSP and CLSP Zero-Switch Policy Nested Policy Echelon Inventory


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