Prof. Dr. Mesut Idriz Prof. Dr. Mesut Idriz

(International University of Sarajevo)

01.10.2012

Yayasan Pahang Complex, Kuantan, Malaysia

Islamic Waqf Based higher educational institutions in the

Balkans should be divided into two:

� During the Ottoman era(that is between 14-19 c.)� During the Ottoman era(that is between 14-19 c.)

� Post-Ottoman era (that is 20th c.)

Among others, these higher learning waqf instituonsin the Balkans existed in the following cities: Sarajevo, Skopje, Bitola (Manastir), Plovdiv (Filibe), Shumen, Skopje, Bitola (Manastir), Plovdiv (Filibe), Shumen, Edirne (Adrianapole), etc.

Examples:� From the Ottoman era: Among the oldest known waqf

based HE instituons are Gazi Husref Beg in Sarajevo based HE instituons are Gazi Husref Beg in Sarajevo and Ishak Beg (Ishakiye) in Skopje

Gazi Husref Beg

� From the Post-Ottoman era (that is 20th century) are Meddah Medrese in Skopje (Macedonia) and NuvvabMedrese in Shumen (Bulgaria) Medrese in Shumen (Bulgaria)

Nuvvab Medrese in Shumen (Bulgaria)

The differences in the educational system between the

Ottoman and Post-Ottoman era are as follows:

� During the Ottoman er a: Courses were divided into � During the Ottoman er a: Courses were divided into Ulum al-Aqliyye (Rational Sciences) and Ulum al-Naqliyye (Transmitted Sciences).

Ulum al-Aqliyye consisted of the Natural and Applied Sciences. Among the courses were Ilm al-Handasah (Engineering), Tib (Medicine), Ilm al-Hisab (Mathematics), Ilm al-Mantiq (Logic), etc.(Mathematics), Ilm al-Mantiq (Logic), etc.Ulum al-Naqliyye consisted of the Islamic Religious Sciences. Among the courses were Fiqh(Jurisprudence), Hadith, Tafsir, etc.

� During the Post-Ottoman era: Courses were devidedinto two, too. Ulum al-Aqliyye (Rational Sciences) and Ulum al-Naqliyye (Transmitted Sciences). Ulum al-Naqliyye (Transmitted Sciences).

However, the courses of Ulum al-Aqliyye were Mantiq(Logic), Nahw (Grammar), Sarf (Syntax), etc. Ilm al-Handasah, Ilm al-Hisab, Al-Jibr (Algebra), Tib, and the rest were left out of the curriculum.

As for the courses of Ulum al-Naqliyye, they remained As for the courses of Ulum al-Naqliyye, they remained same as before.

How do we find out the above mentioned

differences???

� Among the main and major source is the ijāzah obtained by � Among the main and major source is the ijāzah obtained by the scholars during and the Post-Ottoman era.

The term ‘ijāzah’ in Islamic pedagogy signifies generally a ‘licence to teach’, and more specifically refers to a certificate issued by a professor in an institution of higher learning to a student who has attended a course of lectures to the professor’s satisfaction, and who is deemed to the professor’s satisfaction, and who is deemed henceforth qualified to transmit the same subject to his own students.

(For detailed information see my book :The Ijāzah of ‛Abdullah Fāhim: A Unique Document from Islamic Education, (Kuala Lumpur: MPH Publishing, 2007).

An Example of Ijāzah (first and last pages)

Idrīs Fahmī b. Sālih’s Original Ijāzah granted in 19th

Century in Skopje (Macedonia)

� The Second source is the books found in the various waqf libraries across the Balkan Islamic Higher Educational Institutions, such as the famous Gazi Husrev Beg Library , Ishak Beg Library, as well as the Husrev Beg Library , Ishak Beg Library, as well as the individual libraries found in various scholars around the Balkan states today.

Gazi Husrev Beg Library founded in 1537 in Sarajevo

THANK YOU THANK YOU

&

WASSALAM