PROFESSIONAL ARBORIST ROPES - Samson Rope … PROFESSIONAL ARBORIST ROPES The Strongest Name in Rope...

THE STRONGEST NAME IN ROPE

PROFESSIONAL ARBORIST ROPES

SAMSON PROFESSIONAL ARBORIST ROPES

The Strongest Name in RopeThat’s not just a catchy slogan.

Samson engineers are constantly developing new

combinations of fibers, coatings and constructions

to provide the arborist industry with products

that outperform all others.

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coNTeNTSclimbiNg liNeS ....................................... 4 Samson Climbing Lines ............................... 5 ArborMaster® ................................................ 6 Velocity ........................................................ 7 True-Blue ..................................................... 8 Arbor-Plex.................................................... 9 Tenex (Single End)/Tech-12 ...................... 10 Climbing Accessories ................................ 11 Climbing Systems ...................................... 12 Climbing Hitches and Terminations ........... 13

RiggiNg liNeS ....................................... 14 Samson Rigging Lines............................... 15 Tenex TEC ................................................. 16 Rope Tools ................................................. 17 Stable Braid ............................................... 18 Arbor-Plex.................................................. 19 Pro-Master ................................................. 20 Tree-Master ............................................... 21

addiTioNal ReSouRceS ..................... 22 Technical Information................................. 22 Rope Life Factors ...................................... 24 Inspection and Retirement......................... 25 Rope Handling ........................................... 27

Whether you’re climbing or rigging, the arborist’s worksite is a tough place for rope. Running through crotches and against bark is abrasive on any rope. Supporting and controlling descending loads while providing reasonable working life and a margin of security is critical. Samson’s proven performance provides the safety, security and durability professional arborists rely on day in and day out.

For over 125 years, Samson has led the way in developing high performance cordage products to meet the most demanding applications in the world. All Samson ropes carry the legacy of our experience in industries as diverse as commercial and recreational marine, safety and rescue, utilities, even the space program. We’ve built an organization offering unprecedented levels of engineering support, technical expertise, superior customer service and aftermarket support to global customers.

great products tailored to the application… Samson is the only major international cordage company that has a staff of dedicated application engineers. Their job is to understand the unique circumstances of a customer’s application, suggest current products that will fulfill the requirements, or assist in the development of new products to meet the customer’s needs. It is this dedication to problem solving and new product development that is at the heart of the Samson Advantage.

Samson application engineers work together with the most advanced research and development organization in the industry, leading in the development of lighter, stronger, longer lasting ropes for high performance applications. Samson has pioneered the use of new synthetic fibers, unique constructions and innovative coatings to produce a steady stream of major new product introductions.

a commitment to the arborist industry… Samson’s commitment to the arborist goes beyond producing the widest variety of products specifically engineered for the industry. We are committed to supporting industry association programs like those sponsored by the TCIA and ISA and training by ArborMaster® Training, Inc. Samson also holds a seat on the ANSI Z133 accredited standards committee. This commitment helps us understand the unique needs of the professional arborist, while informing and educating our users in the safe and effective use of our products. From products proven to perform in the workplace, to our commitment to the profes-sional development of the industry, it’s all part of the Samson Advantage.

THE SAMSON ADVANTAGE:PROVEN PERFORMANCE IN THE TOUGHEST SITUATIONS

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the samson advantage

Samson is committed to meeting the challenges of the arborist Industry and assuring the highest quality climbing lines available. We are ISO 9001 certified and our climbing lines meet or exceed ANSI Standard Z133. It is our commitment to product development, compliance to industry standards and constant innovation that keeps us ahead of our competition. That’s part of the Samson Advantage, and it’s available in every product we make.

SAMSON: Working with arborists on solutions to real-world problems.climbing lines have come a long way from the three-strand manila that was prevalent in the early seventies. it was during that time that Samson was asked to develop a new synthetic line to replace the manila climbing lines in use by arborists. We consulted with professional arborists, universities, and distributors. after fourteen months and seven design evaluations, arbor-Plex emerged as the first synthetic braided rope designed specifically as a climbing line for the arborist. With industry acceptance of arbor-Plex, Samson saw the demand for a higher strength, lower stretch climbing line that would allow good visual recognition. True-blue was developed in response to that demand. Tree-master followed for those traditionalists who preferred a three strand, but wanted the increased strength and lower stretch of modern synthetics.

Samson continues to listen to the professional arborist...Today, the acceptance of modern climbing techniques and systems has inspired the development of a braided rope construction with maximum flexibility while maintaining a firm round shape during use. arbormaster®, designed with the help of arbormaster® Training, fills that need with a climbing line available in three color combinations for maximum visibility. The latest member of the Samson family of climbing lines is Velocity, a unique, lighter weight double braid climbing line, designed with “sure grip” technology to come out of the bag with the feel of a well broken-in rope. Shortly after its introduction, Velocity was used to set new World’s records for both men and women in the secured footlock climbing event at the iSa’s 28th international Tree climbing championships.

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12-strand braided 100% polyester construction. Each strand consists of blue fiber plied over white fiber to assist detection of cover wear.

12-strand braided construction of plied polyester and polyolefin fibers.

arbor-Plex

Premium 16-strand braided polyester construction with a uniquely stabilized nylon core.

Lines designated for climbing should NoT be used as rigging lines, come-along ropes or bull ropes. Although some individual products are effective both for climbing and rigging, a particular piece of rope should never be used for climbing once it has been designated for rigging operations.

important note

samson climbing lines

PRoducT 20%10% 30%

averagestrengthproduct working

loadweight per

100 ft. [100m]

elastic elongation* (% of bReakiNg STeNgTh)

average strength / working load

Strengths and working loads are for new, unused ropes.

*Based on rope stablized from 200D2

Premium 24-strand braided polyester construction, our lightest climbing line.

Velocity

arbormaster®

True-blue

BLUE STREAK

GOLD STREAK

RED, BLACK, WHITE

COOL

HOT

ArborMaster (1/2") 8,100 lbs. [3,700Kg] 810 lbs. [370Kg] 7.7 lbs. [11.5Kg]

Velocity (7/16") 6,000 lbs. [2,700Kg] 600 lbs. [270Kg] 5.6 lbs. [8.3Kg]

True-Blue (1/2") 7,300 lbs. [3,300Kg] 730 lbs. [330Kg] 8.8 lbs. [13.1Kg]

Arbor-Plex (1/2") 6,000 lbs. [2,700Kg] 600 lbs. [270Kg] 6.8 lbs. [10.1Kg]

ArborMaster 2.50% 3.70% 5.10%

Velocity 2.10% 3.20% 4.10%

True-Blue 2.60% 3.00% 4.00%

Arbor-Plex 3.00% 3.30% 4.20%

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ClIMBING lINES USED FOR lOWERING OPERATIONS:

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n Maximum firmness for all climbing techniques

n high visibilty in treesn low stretchn full size 1/2" diameter makes for an

easy gripn excellent knot-heat reistancen available in spliced units n No milkingn Maintains excellent service flexibilityn Spliceable at both ends

World-class champion climbers and professionals at ArborMaster® Training worked closely with Samson engineers to develop the ultimate climbing line: ArborMaster®. With your life and livelihood on the line, you can rely on ArborMaster to perform smoothly. You have the assurance that some of the best arborists in the business have designed this product with you and your needs in mind and they rely on it themselves.Your equipment and tools should minimize climber fatigue, not contribute to it.

16-STRAND BRAIDED POlYESTER CONSTRUCTION WITH STABIlIZED NYlON CORE

FeaturesThis is why ArborMaster is built to a full 1/2" diameter. ArborMaster is a premium quality 16-stand line offering a smooth, durable surface to optimize footlock climbing. ArborMaster can be spliced both ends, right out of the bag (No milking.) (Not all 16-strand climbing lines are built this way.) This allows you to alternate the working end of the rope right from the start, which maximizes the service life of the rope. Made from specially treated polyester with a stabilized nylon core, ArborMaster is available in three, high-contrast color combinations: red/black/white, Blue Streak, Gold Streak.

progressive arborists use eye splices whenever possible and arbormaster®, with virtually no core cover slippage, can be spliced at both ends.

10% 20% 30%

2.5% 3.7% 5.1%After 50 cycles at % of break strength.

elastic elongation

siZe weight per average strength working load [diameter] 100 Ft / [100m] unspliced spliced unspliced spliced

5' Polybag ...................................... Spliced

120' Polybag .................................. Spliced/Unspliced



600' Reel ......................................... Unspliced

standard packaged lengths

arbormaster ®

Product code: 348Product code: 347 (ce) Unspliced only

5" eye splice standard on spliced product allows girth hitching to the carabiner. girth hitch helps to ensure line stays on carabiners spine avoiding side loading.

1/2" 7.7 lbs. 8,100 lbs. 6,500 lbs. 810 lbs. 650 lbs.[12mm] [11.5Kg] [3,700Kg] [2,900Kg] [370Kg] [290Kg]

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Product code: 349Product code: 351 (ce) Unspliced only

n 11mm size (7/16" diameter)n “Sure grip” technologyn lightweight –

Quicker climbing Less fatigue Quick access Throws higher with greater accuracy

n excellent knot holding abilityn Works well with hardwaren exceptional access linen great for footlocking

Features

24-STRAND BRAIDED POlYESTER CONSTRUCTION WITH NYlON CORE

After 50 cycles at % of break strength.

elastic elongation

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7/16" 5.6 lbs. 6,000 lbs. 600 lbs.[11mm] [8.3Kg] [2700Kg] [270Kg]

5' Polybag ...................................... Spliced




600' Reel ......................................... Unspliced


10% 20% 30%

2.1% 3.2% 4.1%

Velocity is an 11mm (7/16" diameter) premium grade climbing line designed to offer tree care professionals quick and easy access to the tops of trees. Arborist’s who prefer that “broken in” feeling will appreciate Samson's proprietary “Sure Grip” technology which gives Velocity that broken-in feeling the first time it is used. The light weight and firm construction offers the arborist exceptional footlocking capabilities, quick access, excellent knot holding ability and a spliced strength of 6,000 lbs.

Samson’s standard factory splice is a tight eye that ensures that your line will stay on the spine of the carabiner and not side load.

frank chipps, after setting a new world foot locking record on Velocity.

siZe weight per average working load [diameter] 100 Ft / [100m] strength spliced spliced

velocity

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12-STRAND BRAIDED 100% POlYESTER CONSTRUCTION –

n 100% polyestern low stretch, high strengthn No milking necessaryn Stays firm and round in usen Maintains excellent flexibilityn maximum service lifen Single braidn can also be used for light/medium duty rigging operations

Features

10% 20% 30%


elastic elongation


siZe weight per average strength working load [diameter] 100 Ft / [100m] unspliced unspliced

1/2" 8.8 lbs. 7,300 lbs. 730 lbs.[12mm] [13.1Kg] [3,300Kg] [330Kg]

120' Polybag ......................................... Unspliced

150' Polybag ......................................... Unspliced

600' Reel .................................................Unspliced

2400' Drum ............................................ Unspliced

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True-Blue is an all polyester climbing rope with high strength, low stretch, excellent abrasion resistance and a long service life. It’s got a great feel with good flexibility and knot holding abilities. The single braid construction eliminates the need for milking and stays firm and round in use. True-Blue can also be used for light duty rigging applications.True-Blue braided climbing line is a unique combination of solution dyed blue polyester fiber wrapped over white polyester in a Samson 12-Strand braid. The result is permanent color that won’t fade or run, with high visibility in trees. Available by special order in white.

Each strand of True-Blue consists of blue fiber plied over white fiber to assist detection of cover wear

velocity true-blue / true-white

Product code: 342 (True-blue) Product code: 344 (True-White)

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Product code: 346

samsonrope.com

The unique construction of Arbor-Plex wraps tough polyester jacket fibers around polyolefin center fibers creating a lightweight, high-strength rope with maximum resistance to wear and fiber fusing. Arbor-Plex uses a proprietary construction to tighten the braid and keep the rope round and firm for knot control and snag resistance. The outer polyester fibers utilize Sam-son’s Parallay fiber orientation to prolong rope life by minimizing the sawing action of fibers over rough surfaces. The signature green stripe assures that any twist in the line is easily detectable.Arbor-Plex was the first synthetic rope designed specifically for the arborist industry and remains one of the best values in climbing lines today.

12-STRAND BRAIDED POlYESTER CONSTRUCTION OF PlIED POlYESTER AND POlYOlEFIN FIBERS

n excellent wear and snag resistancen excellent knot holding abilityn Works well when wetn economical – good valuen Single braidn No twist stripe

Features

10% 20% 30%


elastic elongation


1/2" 6.8 lbs. 6,000 lbs. 600 lbs.[12mm] [10.1Kg] [2,700Kg] [270Kg]

standard packaged lengths120' Polybag ............................................ Unspliced

150' Polybag ............................................ Unspliced

600' Reel .................................................. Unspliced

2400' Drum ............................................... Unspliced

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earbor-plex

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Tenex is a twelve-strand, coated polyester, single braid. It combines high strength with low stretch and is highly abrasion resistant. These factors, combined with being easy to splice, make Tenex the rope of choice for constructing today’s rope tools such as eye and eye tails for progressive rigging and climbing applications.Tenex is offered in a single end per carrier construction in sizes 3/8" diameter through 7/8" diameter. Available in: white, red, blue, green, orange, yellow or black.See page 16 for Tenex-TEC.

12-STRAND HIGH TENACITY POlYESTER WITH SAMTHANE COATING – SINGlE END CONSTRUCTION

n excellent snag and abrasion resistancen easy to splicen high strength to weight ration high strength per diameter

Features

tenex

10% 20% 30%


elastic elongation

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Product Code: 826

standard packaged lengths600' Reel ......................................... Unspliced

siZe weight per average strength working load [diameter] 100 Ft [100m] spliced spliced

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color options

Higher strength, lower stretch and better resistance to flex-fatique than products constructed from other aramid fibers. Excellent resistance to heat, when used as a climbing tail. Available in four colors: black, red, green or blue. Used for heat resistant climbing line tails.

12-STRAND SINGlE BRAID OF TECHNORA FIBER WITH SAMTHANE COATING

Product Code: 890 Samthane coated

siZe weight per average strength working load [diameter] 100 Ft [100m] spliced spliced

n Samthane coatingn easy to splicen excellent heat resistancen Strength comparable to wire

Features

10% 20% 30%


elastic elongation

standard packaged lengths600' Reel ......................................... Unsplicedb

lue

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red

bla

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color options

1/4" [6mm] 1.9 lbs. [2.8Kg] 8,200 lbs. [3,700Kg] 820 lbs. [370Kg] 1/2" [12mm] 8.0 lbs. [11.9Kg] 33,000 lbs. [15,000Kg] 3,300 lbs. [1,500Kg]

3/8" [9mm] 4.2 lbs. [6.2Kg] 5800 lbs. [2600Kg] 580 lbs. [260Kg] 7/16" [11mm] 6.3 lbs. [9.4Kg] 9000lbs. [4100Kg] 900 lbs. [410Kg] 1/2" [12mm] 8.5 lbs. [12.6Kg] 11,800 lbs. [5400Kg] 1,180 lbs. [540Kg] 5/8" [16mm] 13.1 lbs. [19.5Kg] 17,100 lbs. [7800Kg] 1,710 lbs. [780Kg] 3/4" [18mm] 17.2 lbs. [25.6Kg] 22,400 lbs. [10,200Kg] 2,240 lbs. [1,020 Kg] 7/8" [22mm] 25.8 lbs. [38.4Kg] 32,600 lbs. [14,800Kg] 3,260 lbs. [1,480Kg]

arbor-plex

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climbing accessories

The first throwing line designed specifically for the professional arborist. Samson’s Zing-It offers high strength, low stretch, and excellent abrasion resistance to enhance durability – all in a small diameter, lightweight throwing line. Zing-It helps you achieve higher throws with lighter weights, greater control due to its low stretch, and the ability to pull down “hangers” due to its high strength. The special coating reduces abrasion and allows Zing-It to glide easily over the roughest bark. Zing-It’s low coefficient of friction allows the throw bag to easily reach the ground on the first throw. Use for either hand or mechanical throwing with an 8–12 oz. throwing weight.

AMSTEEl-BlUEA 12 strand construction of HMPE fiber utilizing our proprietary Samthane coating and parallay construction. AmSteel-Blue yields the maximum in strength-to-weight ratio and is stronger than wire rope constructions – yet it floats.

ZING-IT

siZe weight per average [diameter] 100 Ft [100m] strength

A unique, high strength double braid with an outer cover of polyester fiber and an inner core of Technora® fiber. Well suited for numerous climbing and rigging applications. The core is extremely heat resistant so rope will not sever if cover is burned. Available in four tracer colors: black, red, blue or green.

UlTRA-TECH


5/16” [8mm] 4.0 lbs. [6.0Kg] 7,800 lbs. [3,500Kg]

1/4” [6mm] 1.6 lbs. [2.4Kg] 8,600 lbs. [3,900Kg]

5/16” [8mm] 2.7 lbs. [4.0Kg] 13,700 lbs. [6,200Kg]

3/8” [9mm] 3.6 lbs. [5.4Kg] 19,600 lbs. [8,900Kg]

7/16” [11mm] 4.2 lbs. [6.2Kg] 23,900 lbs. [10,800Kg]

1/2” [12mm] 6.4 lbs. [9.5Kg] 34,000 lbs. [15,400Kg]

siZe weight average standard [diameter] per 100 Ft. strength pkg. lengths

1.75 mm .12 lbs. 400 lbs. 180 ft. tube 1.75 mm .12 lbs. 400 lbs. 1,000 ft. tube 2.2 mm .16 lbs. 580 lbs. 180 ft. tube 2.2 mm .16 lbs. 580 lbs. 1,000 ft. tube

From tie-downs to pruning pole cords, accessory cords have hundreds of uses on any job site. Samson's strength and quality in multi-purpose accessory cords make Samson accessory cords the “utility player” in the Samson arborist line up.

ACCESSORY CORDS


Product Code: 811

Product Code: 872

Product Code: 443

2mm 0.2 lbs. [0.3Kg] 230 lbs. [104Kg]

3mm 0.5 lbs. [0.74Kg] 600 lbs. [270Kg]

4mm 0.8 lbs. [1.2Kg] 1,000 lbs. [450Kg]

5mm 1.4 lbs. [2.1Kg] 1,200 lbs. [540Kg]

6mm 1.8 lbs. [2.7Kg] 2,200 lbs. [1,000Kg]

7mm 2.3 lbs. [3.4Kg] 2,800 lbs. [1,300Kg]

8mm 3.0 lbs. [4.5Kg] 3,500 lbs. [1,600Kg]

9mm 3.8 lbs. [5.7Kg] 4,300 lbs. [2,000Kg]

Product Code: 480 Unspliced

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climbing sYstems

The traditional climbing system utilizes a climbing line dead-ended to the saddle with a bowline leaving a long tail. The tail is then attached to the other part of the climbing line by tying a climbing hitch. This system is limited to a one eye tail and the tail is the same rope as the climbing line.

TRADITIONAl SYSTEM

Advances in technology have led to new techniques that offer additional benefits to the traditional system.

beNefiTS of SePaRaTe Tail:

n Ability to replace tail without reducing length of climbing line.

n Two attachment points on saddle for more comfort and work positioning.

n Easier to change tie-in point.

n Allows you to use climbing line as a second lanyard.

n Helps make climbing line more versatile.

n Contrasting colors

MODERN SPlIT-TAIl SYSTEM

Two commonly used climbing systems are the traditional and the modern split-tail system. The differences

between these two systems are illustrated below.

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climbing hitches and terminations

samsonrope.com

ClIMBING HITCHES

n Tautline hitch

oNe eYe hiTcheS:

TWo eYe hiTcheS:Two eye tails or eye and eye tails are made from Single End Tenex.

This system offers the climber the benefits of having both ends attached to the saddle as well as a balanced hitch that can not roll out.

TERMINATION KNOTS

n anchor

The advent of the modern split tail system introduced the use of one and two eye climbing tails. Shown below are various popular hitches that are used for one and two eye tails.

n buntline n Triple fisherman

n Velocity Splice n arbormaster girth hitch

n Prusik hitch n blakes hitch

n distel hitch n Schwaebisch hitch n Valdótain hitch

TeRmiNaTioNS:Here are three popular termination knots that can be an effective replacement for a splice.

knots:

splices:

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Rigging for tree removal is more complicated than climbing and demands more experience as well as an understanding of the effects on the rope of the various knots and hitches used. It is widely known that knots can significantly reduce rope strength with a corresponding reduction in the work load limit recommended by a manufacturer. The rigging techniques and knots presented here are meant to give a general overview of the basic principles of rigging. Prior to beginning any tree work, it is important to thoroughly examine the tree for structural imperfection, faults or weaknesses that could compromise safety. This text is not a substitute for proper training.one of the most potentially dangerous aspects of rigging is “chunking out” large trunk sections of wood that are rigged vertically upon themselves. Safety, as always, is the primary concern. it is important when rigging to minimize shock- loads and manage friction efficiently. This is easiest to achieve when using arborist grade rigging blocks in conjunction with appropriate friction/lowering devices both of which have been tested and rated.excessive shock loading must always be considered when rigging. The rigging system should be constructed to withstand the maximum shock-load potential. generally, maximum shock loads are experienced in a rigging system when the rigged piece is “snubbed off” and not gradually decelerated.Testing and research has shown that the block and sling experience more than double the shock load force than any other part of the rigging system if the piece is “snubbed off,” a situation to be avoided whenever possible.

These knots are used in conjunction with one another to attach rigging lines to tree sections that are being rigged for removal. The Running Bowline is easily untied. It securely chokes the piece when steady pressure is applied.The Half Hitch increases safety and provides stability and holding power.

Loopies or Whoopie Slings are an excellent alternative to the traditional Timber Hitch as they can not come untied. The Timber Hitch can be used to attach a rigging block or a friction device to a tree as a lowering devise to lower or hoist limbs. This tendency for the hitch to come untied can be minimized by tucking for a minimum of 5 wraps, spreading out the tucks over as much of the circumference of the trunk as possible, and ensuring that the hitch is loaded “against the bight” whenever possible.

Running bowline

half hitch

lowering line

Rigging block

Whoopie Sling

friction lowering

device

loopie Sling

running bowline with halF hitch

adjustable slings

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rigging

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samson rigging lines

Double braid construction consisting of a braided polyester cover over a braided polyester core.

Stable braid

12-strand sling construction of high tenacity polyester with Samthane™ coating.

Tenex-Tec

3-strand, twisted construction of spun and filament polyester jacket fibers covering polyolefin core fibers.

3-strand, 4-stage twisted construction of 100% polyester fiber.

True-blue12-strand braided 100% polyester construction. Each strand consists of blue fiber plied over white fiber to assist detection of cover wear.

Tree-master

Pro-master

12-strand braided construction of plied polyester and polyolefin fibers.

arbor-Plex

*Based on rope stablized from 200D2

elastic elongation* (% oF breaking strength)

Tenex-TEC 1.40% 2.30% 3.00%Stable Braid 1.10% 1.70% 2.70%Arbor-Plex 3.00% 3.30% 4.20%Pro-Master 2.00% 3.20% 3.90%Tree-Master 2.90% 5.60% 8.20%True-Blue 2.60% 3.00% 4.00%

3/8" Tenex-Tec [9mm] 6,100 lbs. [2,800Kg] 1,200 lbs. [550Kg] 1/2" Tenex-Tec [12mm] 13,100 lbs. [5,900Kg] 2,600 lbs. [1,200Kg] 5/8" Tenex-Tec [16mm] 18,800 lbs. [8,500Kg] 3,800 lbs. [1,700Kg] 3/4" Tenex-Tec [18mm] 24,800 lbs. [11,200Kg] 5,000 lbs. [2,200Kg] 7/8" Tenex-Tec [22mm] 34,200 lbs. [15,500Kg] 6,800 lbs. [3,100Kg] 1" Tenex-Tec [24mm] 44,500 lbs. [20,200Kg] 8,900 lbs. [4,000Kg] 1/2" Stable Braid [12mm] 10,400 lbs. [4,700Kg] 2,100 lbs. [940Kg] 9/16" Stable Braid [14mm] 13,300 lbs. [6,000Kg] 2,700 lbs. [1,200Kg] 5/8" Stable Braid [16mm] 16,300 lbs. [7,400Kg] 3,300 lbs. [1,500Kg] 3/4" Stable Braid [18mm] 20,400 lbs. [9,300Kg] 4,100 lbs. [1,900Kg] 7/8" Stable Braid [22mm] 29,900 lbs. [13,600Kg] 6,000 lbs. [2,700Kg] 1/2" Arbor-Plex [12mm] 6,000 lbs. [2,700Kg] 1,200 lbs. [540Kg] 5/8" Arbor-Plex [16mm] 9,000 lbs. [4,100Kg] 1,800 lbs. [820Kg] 3/4" Arbor-Plex [18mm] 12,000 lbs. [5,400Kg] 2,400 lbs. [1,100Kg] 1/2" Pro-Master [12mm] 6,300 lbs. [2,900Kg] 1,300 lbs. [590Kg] 5/8" Pro-Master [16mm] 8,500 lbs. [3,900Kg] 1,700 lbs. [770Kg] 3/4" Pro-Master [18mm] 10,900 lbs. [4,900Kg] 2,200 lbs. [990Kg] 7/8" Pro-Master [22mm] 15,500 lbs. [7,000Kg] 3,100 lbs. [1,400Kg] 5/8" Tree-Master [16mm] 12,900 lbs. [5,900Kg] 2,600 lbs. [1,200Kg] 3/4" Tree-Master [18mm] 15,200 lbs. [6,900Kg] 3,000 lbs. [1,400Kg]

10% 20% 30%

product

Rigging is the use of ropes and other equipment to take down trees or remove limbs when free-falling is not advisable. Rigging is the most advanced aspect of tree work. even for veteran arborists, it is best to practice new techniques in open areas where the risk of accidents can be controlled and personal safety can be ensured.

The techniques and tools will vary with each job site and an experienced worker will take advantage of the many new blocks and lowering devices to safely and efficiently lower tree sections. advances in rope construction, as well as new and better synthetic fibers, are making the job of rigging easier and safer and the importance of using reliable rigging ropes cannot be overstated. Samson offers several types of rigging lines designed specifically for the Arborist industry. Samson’s rigging lines offer the best combination of strength, wear resistance and elongation, available to the tree care industry.

ARBORIST RIGGING lINES:

working weight siZe / product average [diameter] strength load 100 ft. [100m]

4.3 lbs. [6.4Kg] 10.0 lbs. [14.9Kg] 14.8 lbs. [22.0Kg] 19.2 lbs. [28.5Kg] 26.7 lbs. [39.7Kg] 34.7 lbs. [51.6Kg] 11.0 lbs. [16.4Kg] 14.0 lbs. [20.8Kg] 18.0 lbs. [26.8Kg] 27.1 lbs. [40.3Kg] 6.8 lbs. [10.1Kg] 12.0 lbs. [17.9Kg] 16.2 lbs. [24.1Kg] 6.5 lbs. [9.7Kg] 9.6 lbs. [14.3Kg] 13.9 lbs. [20.7Kg] 18.0 lbs. [26.8Kg] 13.0 lbs. [19.3Kg] 18.5 lbs. [27.5Kg] 8.8 lbs. [13.1Kg]

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Product Code: 825

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tenex-tec (sling construction)

Features

n excellent snag and abrasion resistancen easy to splicen easy to inspect for potential

internal wearn higher strength per diameter than

double braidn good gripping characteristics

color options

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ite

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10% 20% 30%


elastic elongation

siZe weight per average strength working load [diameter] 100 Ft / [100m] spliced spliced

standard packaged lengths600' Reel ......................................... Unspliced

3/8" 4.3 lbs. 6,100 lbs. 1,200 lbs. [9mm] [6.4Kg] [2,800Kg] [550Kg] 1/2" 10.0 lbs. 13,100 lbs. 2,600 lbs. [12mm] [14.9Kg] [5,900Kg] [1,200Kg] 5/8" 14.8 lbs. 18,800 lbs. 3,800lbs. [16mm] [22.0Kg] [8,500Kg] [1,700Kg] 3/4" 19.2 lbs. 24,800 lbs. 5,000 lbs. [18mm] [28.5Kg] [11,200Kg] [2,200Kg] 7/8" 26.7 lbs. 34,200 lbs. 6,800 lbs. [22mm] [39.7Kg] [15,500Kg] [3,100Kg] 1" 34.7 lbs. 44,500 lbs. 8,900 lbs. [24mm] [51.6Kg] [20,200Kg] [4,000Kg]

Two end sling construction 12-STRAND HIGH TENACITY POlYESTER WITH SAMTHANE COATING

Tenex “Sling Construction” is a two end per carrier (TEC) twelve-strand Samthane coated, high tenacity polyester rope offering high strength coupled with low stretch and outstanding abrasion resistance. Its abrasion resistance and firmness is due to special Samthane coating which allows for easy splicing while enhancing wear life and snag resistance. A viable alter-native to using double braids when easy field splicing and economy are major considerations.

17samsonrope.com

600' Reel ......................................... Unspliced

1/2" [12mm] blue 1.2 lbs. [0.5Kg] 2.5 ft. to 4 ft. 5"5/8" [16mm] red 1.7 lbs. [0.8Kg] 3 ft. to 5 ft. 6"3/4" [18mm] orange 2.8 lbs. [1.3Kg] 3.5 ft. to 6 ft. 7"

Rig

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erope tools

Sometimes called fixed loop. Constructed using an end-for-end splice. Commonly used for a re-direct, a foot hold or other useful applications.

TREERIG SlING

TENEx ROPE TOOlS

Also know as a “Dead Eye”, Samson TreeRig Slings are fabricated from Samthane coated Stable Braid and Tenex-TEC spliced with an eye splice on one end. These slings are commonly used to lash a block in place to establish a false crotch. Tie block with a cow hitch for best results.

An adjustable loop sling. Generally used in rigging applications and constructed using an end-for-end splice. It is important to note that when the sling is “choked” the attachment point for the sling is through the center of the buried part.

The Eye and Eye Tail is a spliced section of cordage that is employed to form the climbing hitch in a split tail climbing system. It has small eyes on both ends and is used primarily for climbing hitches such as the Val de Tain, Distel and Schwabisch.

loopie tenex eYe and eYe tail

spider leg balancerendless loop sling

* Rated capacities are for slings in vertical lift use and spliced in accordance with Samson factory procedure. For angles other than vertical, multiply by the "Load Angle Factor" in the table shown to obtain the reduced rating based on the calculated sling lift angle.

rated capacities*

Single leg Choker

2,200 lbs. 1,760 lbs.3,200 lbs. 2,560 lbs.4,200 lbs. 3,380 lbs.

sling angle (From vertical)

load Angle Factor 1.000 .966 .866 .707 .500 .2590° 15° 30° 45° 60° 75°

Strengths and working loads are for new, unused ropes with splices and no knots.

WHOOPIE SlING

A variation of the TreeRig sling with an extra long eye spliced into one end. This would be used either singly or with multiple spider balancers, in conjunction with a rigging line, to balance pieces being lowered to the ground. It is recommended that the spider balancer be sized 1/8" smaller than the rigging line.

SiZe Color UniT WeighTADjUSTmenT

lengThPerm.

eye SiZe

specs/whoopie slings

Adjustable, load rated two eye lifting slings. The sling has a permanent eye splice at one end, and an adjustable eye at the other end that allows it to adapt to loads of various sizes. The adjustment allows snug lifting control and minimizes the number of fixed length slings required. With three sizes to choose from, there is a Samson Whoopie Sling for any lifting job. Each is permanently tagged with its capacity, polybagged and shipped in a carton.

PLEASE NOTE: Stable Braid and Tenex-TEC strengths and working loads (on pages 16 & 18) are for spliced rope. When used as a TreeRig Sling, additional bending and knot usage may further reduce rope strength with a corresponding reduction in work load limit. For safety considerations, the work load limit should not exceed 20% of the rope strength.

SiZe [DiAmeTer] Color lengTh

stable braid treerig™ sling (6" eYe)

9/16" [12mm] yellow 6', 8', 10', 14', 20'5/8" [16mm] red 6', 8', 10', 14', 20'3/4" [18mm] orange 6', 8', 10', 14', 20'7/8" [22mm] green 6', 8', 10', 14', 20'

Product Code: 691 (Stable braid)

1/2" [12mm] blue 10', 12', 15'

5/8" [16mm] red 6', 8', 10', 12', 16', 20'

3/4" [18mm] orange 8', 12', 15', 18', 20'

7/8" [22mm] green 10', 14', 20'

1" [24mm] yellow 12', 16', 20'

Product Code: 690 (Tenex-Tec)

SiZe [DiAmeTer] Color lengTh

tenex treerig™ sling (8" eYe)

While these fabricated tools are not offered by Samson, professional arborists have found Tenex-TEC to be the perfect product for producing these rope tools.

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Product Code: 806

stable braidR

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Stable Braid is an all polyester double braid rope with high strength, low stretch, snag resistance and excellent durability. Bright Samthane coating improves visibility and enhances resistance to abrasion and snagging.

DOUBlE BRAID CONSTRUCTION CONSISTING OF A BRAIDED POlYESTER COVER OVER A BRAIDED POlYESTER CORE

Features

n low stretchn excellent abrasion resistancen high strength-to-weight ration flexible and easy to handlen minimal uV degradationn Torque-freen Spliceable

Yell

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10% 20% 30%


elastic elongation

standard packaged lengths150' Polybag ........................................ Unspliced

600' Reel .............................................. Unspliced

1/2" 8.2 lbs. 10,400 lbs. 2,100 lbs. [12mm] [12.2Kg] [4,700Kg] [940Kg] 9/16" 11.0 lbs. 13,300 lbs. 2,700 lbs. [14mm] [16.4Kg] [6,000Kg] [1,200Kg] 5/8" 14.0 lbs. 16,300 lbs. 3,300 lbs. [16mm] [20.8Kg] [7,400Kg] [1,500Kg] 3/4" 18.0 lbs. 20,400 lbs. 4,100 lbs. [18mm] [26.8Kg] [9,300Kg] [1,900Kg] 7/8" 27.1 lbs. 29,900 lbs. 6,000 lbs. [22mm] [40.3Kg] [13,600Kg] [2,700Kg]


color options

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Product Code: 346

samsonrope.com

150' Polybag ........................................ Unspliced

600' Reel .............................................. Unspliced

Features

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Arbor-Plex is an economical, torque-balanced twelve-strand rope. The tightly braided construction of Arbor-Plex holds its shape with use. It has excellent wear resistance, is lightweight and has high rigging line products strength. It is widely known and trusted as a “workhorse” for virtually all uses. Arbor-Plex is easily identified by a green ink stripe.

12-STRAND BRAIDED CONSTRUCTION OF PlIED POlYESTER AND POlYOlEFIN FIBERS

n excellent wear and snag resistancen excellent knot holding abilityn Works well when wetn economical – good valuen No twist stripen Single braid

Features

10% 20% 30%


elastic elongation


1/2" 6.8 lbs. 6,000 lbs. 1200 lbs. [12mm] [10.1Kg] [2,700Kg] [540Kg] 5/8" 12.0 lbs. 9,000 lbs. 1,800 lbs. [16mm] [17.9Kg] [4,100Kg] [820Kg] 3/4" 16.2 lbs. 12,000 lbs. 2,400 lbs. [18mm] [24.1Kg] [5,400Kg] [1,100Kg]

standard packaged lengths150' Polybag .................................. Unspliced

600' Reel ......................................... Unspliced

arbor-plex

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Product Code: 168

pro-masterR

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A firm and balanced three-strand rope offering reliability as well as economy. Pro-Master is lightweight, holds its shape even under heavy use and the spun fiber on the surface offers excellent grip, handling and knot holding. It is identified by a green surface tracer. For performance and price, it is one of the finest three-strand rigging lines in the marketplace.

3-STRAND TWISTED CONSTRUCTION OF SPUN AND FIlAMENT POlYESTER jACKET FIBERS COVERING POlYOlEFIN CORE FIBERS

n Soft touchn excellent abrasion resistancen high strength-to-weight ration flexible and easy to handlen minimal uV degradationn easy to splice

Features


600' Reel ......................................... Unspliced

10% 20% 30%


elastic elongation

1/2" 6.5 lbs. 6,300 lbs. 1,300 lbs. [12mm] [9.7Kg] [2,900Kg] [570Kg] 5/8" 9.6 lbs. 8,500 lbs. 1,700 lbs. [16mm] [14.3Kg] [3,900Kg] [770Kg] 3/4" 13.9lbs. 10,900 lbs. 2,200 lbs. [18mm] [20.7Kg] [4,900Kg] [990Kg] 7/8" 18.0 lbs. 15,500 lbs. 3,100 lbs. [22mm] [26.8Kg] [7,000Kg] [1,400Kg]


arbor-plex

21samsonrope.com

Features

5/8" 13.0 lbs. 12,900 lbs. 2,600 lbs. [16mm] [19.3Kg] [5,900Kg] [1,200Kg] 3/4" 18.5 lbs. 15,200 lbs. 3,000 lbs. [18mm] [27.5Kg] [6,900Kg] [1,400Kg]

3-STRAND, 4-STAGE TWISTED CONSTRUCTION OF 100% POlYESTER FIBER

n maximum wear lifen Stays firm under loadn economical – good valuen excellent abrasion resistancen Spliceable

Features

10% 20% 30%



600' Reel ......................................... Unspliced

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elastic elongation


Tree-Master is a premium 4-stage three-strand rope made of premium polyester. Identified by an external green marker outside one strand and marker tape inside one strand. It remains firm under load, is low stretch, and has excellent knot holding characteristics. Slightly stiffer than Pro-Master for riggers that prefer a firm line.

Product Code: 166

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SHEAVE DIAMETER AND SIZESSheave Diameters Should Be:

Twisted/Plaited = 10 times rope diameter

braided = 8 times rope diameter

elastic elongation (e.e.): Refers to the portion of stretch or extension of a rope that is immediately recoverable after the load on the rope is released. This recoverable tendency is a primary result of the fiber (or fibers) used as opposed to the rope construction. Each type of synthetic fiber inherently displays a unique degree of elasticity. Relatively, HMPE fiber has an extremely low elasticity compared to nylon fiber.hysteresis: Refers to a recoverable portion of stretch or exten-sion over a period of time after a load is released. In measuring elastic recovery it is the recovery that occurs immediately when a load is removed. But thereafter, a remaining small percentage of elastic recovery will occur slowly and gradually over a period of hours or days. This retardation in recovery is measured on a length/time scale and is known as hysteresis or recovery over time.Permanent extension (P.e.) after Relaxed: That portion of extension which, due to constructional deformation (compacting of braid and helical changes) and some plastic deformation of the fibers, prevent the rope returning the original length.

In order to establish definitions involving stretch in ropes, it is necessary to review the terms utilized to define the basic components of stretch.

technical inFormation

elongation data

Any sharp bend in a rope under load decreases its strength substantially and may cause premature damage or failure. Many rope users are surprised to learn that a simple overhand knot (a series of sharp bends) reduces rope strength by almost 50%. In sizing the radius of bitts and fairleads for best performance the following guidelines are offered: Where a rope bends more than 10 degrees around its bitts or, for that matter, is bending across any surface, the diameter of that surface should not be less than 3 times the diameter of the rope. Another way of saying it is that the diameter of the surface should be at least 3 times the rope diameter. A 4 to 1 ratio (or larger) would be better yet as durability of the rope increases substantially as the diameter of the surface over which it is worked increases.

bending radius

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Permanent extension (P.e.) While Working: The amount of extension that exists when stress is removed but no time is given for hysteresis recovery. It includes the nonrecoverable and hysteresis extension as one value and represents any increase in length of a rope in a constant working situation such as during repeated surges in towing or other similar cyclical operations.The percentage of Permanent Extension over the working load range is generally in order of four to six percent for braided ropes and two to three times as much for plaited – but will vary slightly with different fibers and rope constructions. In some applica-tions, such as sub-surface mooring or devices that demand precise depth location and measurement, allowances must be made for this factor.cold flow (creep): Fiber deformation (elongation) due to molecular slippage under a constant static loading situation. Fibers that have this inherent characteristic will display extremely lower or negligible creep if minor fluctuations occur in the rate and or frequency of load levels.

To assure maximum efficiency and safety, sheaves for braided ropes should be no less than eight (8) times rope diameter. Although an 8:1 ratio is preferred, 4:1 is widely accepted within the arborist industry. The sheave groove diameter should be no less than 10% greater than the rope diameter. The sheave groove should be round in shape. Sheaves with “V” shaped grooves should be avoided, as they tend to pinch and damage the rope through excessive friction and crushing of the rope fibers. Sheave surfaces should be kept smooth and free of burrs and gouges. Bearings should be maintained to ensure smooth rotation of sheaves.

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NEW ROPE TENSIlE STRENGTHSNew rope tensile strengths are based on tests of new and unused rope of standard construction in accordance with manufacturer’s Standard Test Methods. It can be expected that strengths will decrease as soon as a rope is put into use. Because of the wide range of rope use, changes in rope conditions, exposure to the many factors affecting rope behavior, and the possibility of risk to life and property, it is impossible to cover all aspects of rope applications or to make blanket recommendations as to working loads.

Working loads are for rope in good condition with appropriate splices, in noncritical applications and under normal service conditions. Working loads are based on a percent-age of the approximate breaking strength of new and unused rope of current manufac-ture. For our arborist rope products, when used under normal conditions, the working load percentage is 20% of published strengths for rigging lines and 10% for climbing. Normal working loads do not cover dynamic conditions such as shock loads or sustained loads, nor do they cover where life, limb or valuable property are involved. In these cases a lower working load must be used.A higher working load may be selected only with expert knowledge of conditions and professional estimates of risk, if the rope has been inspected and found to be in good condition, and if the rope has not been subject to dynamic loading (such as sudden drops, snubs or pick-ups), excessive use, elevated temperatures, or extended periods under load.

WORKING lOAD

Normal working loads are not applicable when rope has been subject to dynamic loading. Whenever a load is picked up, stopped, moved or swung there is an increased force due to dynamic loading. The more rapidly or suddenly such actions occur, the greater the increase will be. In extreme cases, the force put on the rope may be two, three, or even more times the normal load involved. Examples could be ropes used as a tow line, picking up a load on a slack line, or using rope to stop a falling object. Dynamic effects are greater on a low elongation rope such as polyester than on a high elongation rope such as nylon, and greater on a short rope than on a long one. Therefore, in all such applications normal working loads as given do not apply, for more information see page 24.

NORMAl WORKING lOADS

Heat can seriously affect the strength of synthetic ropes. The temperatures at which 50 percent strength loss can occur are: Polypropylene 250° F, Nylon 350° F, Polyester 350° F. When using rope where the temperature exceeds these levels (or if it is too hot to hold), consult the manufacturer for recommendations as to the size and type of rope for the proposed continuous heat exposure conditions. When using ropes on a capstan or winch, care should be exercised to avoid surging while the capstan or winch head is rotating.The friction from this slippage causes localized overheating that can melt or fuse synthetic fibers, resulting in severe loss of tensile strength.

AVOID OVERHEATING

Avoid using rope that shows signs of aging and wear. If in doubt, destroy the used rope. No type of visual inspection can be guaranteed to accurately and precisely determine the actual residual strength. When the fibers show wear in any given area, the rope should be re-spliced, downgraded, or replaced. Check the line regularly for frayed strands and broken yarns. Pulled strands should be re-threaded into the rope if possible. A pulled strand can snag on a foreign object during rope operation. Both outer and inner rope fibers contribute to the strength of the rope. When either is worn, the rope is naturally weakened. Open the strands of the rope and look for powdered fiber, which is one sign of internal wear. A heavily used rope will often become compacted or hard, which indicates reduced strength. The rope should be discarded if this condition exists.

ROPE INSPECTION

Persons should be warned against the serious danger of standing in line with a rope under tension. Should the rope part, it may recoil with considerable force. In all cases where any such risks are present, or if there is any question about the loads involved or the condition of use, the working load should be substantially reduced and the rope properly inspected before every use.

standards For strength and usage

For dynamic loading applications involving severe exposure conditions, or for recommendations on special applications, consult the manufacturer. For more information see page 24.

dYnamic loading

All rope should be stored clean, dry, out of direct sunlight, and away from extreme heat. It should be kept off the floor on racks to provide ventilation underneath. Never store rope on a concrete or dirt floor, and under no circumstances should cordage and acid or alkalies be kept in the same vicinity. Some synthetic rope (in particular polypropylene or polyethylene) may be severely weakened by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays unless specifically stabilized and/or pigmented to increase UV resistance. UV degrada-tion is indicated by discoloration and the presence of splinters and slivers on the surface of the rope.

STORAGE

danger to personnel

All rope will be severely damaged if subjected to rough surfaces or sharp edges. Chocks, bitts, winches, drums and other surfaces must be kept in good condition and free of burrs and rust. Pulleys must be free to rotate and should be of proper size to avoid excessive wear.

avoid abrasive conditions

Rope is subject to damage by chemicals. Consult the manufacturer for specific chemical exposure, such as solvents, acids, and alkalies. Consult the manufacturer for recommendations when a rope will be used where chemical exposure (either fumes or actual contact) can occur.

avoid chemical exposure

Braided rope can develop a twist when constantly used on a winch. This makes handling more difficult; the rope should be relaxed and rotated in the opposite direction to remove a twist. To avoid this condition, the direction of turns over the winch should be alternated regularly.

winching lines

Splices should be used instead of knots whenever possible because knots can decrease rope strength up to 50%. When splices are used, always use the manufacturer’s recom-mended splicing procedures. When knots are used, be sure to take into consideration the knot’s corresponding reduction to the rope strength and adjust your working load accord-ingly. For more information please see the Knots and Rigging section, pages 13 thru 14.

splicing and knots

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24

There are basically three steps to consider in providing the longest possible service life for ropes, the safest conditions and long range economy: Selection, usage, and Retirement.

Working loads are the loads that a rope is subjected to in everyday activity. They are normally expressed as a percentage of new rope strength and should not exceed 20% for rigging lines and 10% for climbing lines. A point to remember is that a rope may be severely overloaded or shock loaded in use without breaking. However, damage and strength loss may have occurred without any visible indication. The next time the rope is used under normal working loads the acquired weakness can cause it to break. Do not blame the rope, it was simply overloaded and failed from what is known as fatigue.

WORKING lOADSShock loads are simply a sudden change in tension – from a state of relaxation or low load to one of high load. Any sudden load that exceeds the work load by more than 10% is considered a shock load. The further an object falls, the greater the impact. Synthetic fibers have a memory and retain the effects of being overloaded or shock loaded and can fail at a later time, even though loaded within the normal working load range.

SHOCK lOADS

1 SElECTION: SeleCT The righT roPe for The job in The firST PlACe:

Selecting a rope involves evaluating a combination of factors. Some of these factors are straight forward like comparing rope specifications. Others are less quantitative like a preference for a specific color or how a rope feels in your hand. Cutting corners, reducing sizes or strengths on an initial purchase creates unnecessary replacements, potentially dangerous conditions and increases long term costs. Fiber and construction being equal, a larger rope will outlast a smaller rope, because of the greater surface wear distribution. By the same token, a stronger rope will outlast a weaker one, because it will be used at a lower percentage of its break strength with less chance of over stressing. Consider the opinion of professional climbers who may have more experience as to how well a rope performs.Consider also the reputation of the rope manufacturer. Are they involved with and supportive of the arborist industry? Do they stand behind their products with consistent quality and reliable service? Buying unproven ropes because they are a little less expensive is false economy and can lead to disaster.

2 USAGE: USe roPe ProPerly: obServe reCommenDeD SAfeTy fACTorS. keeP roPeS CleAn AnD AvoiD ShoCk loADS Whenever PoSSible.

Proper use of your ropes, maintaining

them, and staying within recommended

working loads will allow you to get the

most from your rope investment. Working

loads are calculated to maximize safety

and extend the working life of both climbing

and rigging lines. Dirt and grit embedded

in the fibers can also significantly

shorten rope life. Keep them

clean, bagged and

properly stored when

not in use.

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Rope Used braided Twisted

climbing line 10% 10%

Rigging line 20% 20%

RECOMMENDED WORKlOAD lIMIT(expressed as a percent of new rope strength)

When given a choice between ropes, select the strongest of any given size. A load of 200 pounds represents 2% of the strength of a rope with a breaking strength of 10,000 pounds. The same load represents 4% of the strength of a rope that has a breaking strength of 5,000 pounds. The weaker rope is having to work harder and as a result will have to be retired sooner. Braided ropes are stronger than twisted ropes that are the same size and fiber type.

STRENGTH

It is well accepted that ropes with lower elongation under load will give you better load control, a big help at complicated job sites. However, ropes with lower elongation that are shock loaded, like a lowering line, can fail without warning even though it appears to be in good shape. Low elongating ropes should be selected with the highest possible strength. Both twisted ropes and braided ropes are suitable for rigging. Twisted rope has lower strength and more stretch. Braided rope has higher strength and lower stretch.

ElONGATION

Select ropes that are firm and round and hold their shape during use. Soft or mushy ropes will snag easily and abrade quickly causing accelerated strength loss. Because the fibers are in a straighter line, which improves strength but compromises durability, loose or mushy rope will almost always have higher break strengths than a similar rope that is firm and holds its shape.

FIRMNESS

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3 RETIREMENT: reTire roPe from USe When iT hAS reACheD iTS DiSCArD PoinT

While it is true that a knot reduces rope strength, it is also true that a knot is a convenient way to attach a rope to tree limbs and other ropes. The strength loss is a result of the tight bends that occur in the knot. With some knots, ropes can loose up to 50% of their strength, which is part of the reason the work load limit should not exceed 20% of the rope strength.

ROPE STORAGEKNOTS AND HITCHES

One of the most frequently asked questions is “When should I retire my rope?” The most obvious answer is before it breaks. But, without a thorough understanding of how to inspect it and without knowing the load history, you are left making an educated guess. Unfortunately, there are no definitive rules nor industry guidelines to establish when a rope should be retired because there are so many variables that affect rope strength. Factors like load history, bending radius, abrasion, chemical exposure or some combination of those factors, make retirement decisions difficult. Inspecting your rope should be a continuous process of observation before, during and after each use. In synthetic fiber ropes the amount of strength loss due to abrasion and/or flexing is directly related to the amount of broken fiber in the rope’s cross section. After each use, look and feel along every inch of the rope length inspecting for damage as listed below.

When the rope is first put into service, the outer filaments of the rope will quickly fuzz up. This is the result of these filaments breaking and this roughened surface actually forms a protective cushion and shield for the fibers underneath. This condition should stabilize, not progress. If the surface roughness increases, excessive abrasion is taking place and strength is being lost. As a general rule for braided ropes, when there is 25% or more wear from abrasion the rope should be retired from service. In other words, if 25% or more of the fiber is broken or worn away the rope should be removed from service. With three-strand ropes, 10% or more wear is accepted as the retirement point. Look closely at both the inner and outer fibers. When either is worn the rope is obviously weakened. Open the strands and look for powdered fiber, which is one sign of internal wear. Estimate the internal wear to estimate total fiber abrasion. If total fiber loss is 20%, then it is safe to assume that the rope has lost 20% of its strength as a result of abrasion.

ABRASION

GlOSSY OR GlAZED AREASGlossy or glazed areas are signs of heat damage with more strength loss than the amount of melted fiber indicates. Fibers adjacent to the melted areas are probably damaged from excessive heat even though they appear normal. It is reasonable to assume that the melted fiber has damaged an equal amount of adjacent unmelted fiber.

INCONSISTANT DIAMETERInspect for flat areas, bumps or lumps. This can indicate core or internal damage from overloading or shock loads and is usually sufficient reason to replace the rope.

INCONSISTANT TExTURE/STIFFNESSInconsistant texture or stiff areas can indicate excessive dirt or grit embedded in the rope or shock load damage and is usually reason to replace the rope.

DISCOlORATIONWith use, all ropes get dirty. Be on the lookout for areas of discoloration that could be caused by chemical contamination. Determine the cause of the discoloration and replace the rope if it is brittle or stiff.

TEMPERATUREWhen using rope, friction can be your best friend or worst enemy if it is not managed properly. By definition, friction creates heat, the greater the friction, the greater the heat buildup. Heat is an enemy to synthetic fiber and elevated temperatures can drastically reduce the strength and/or cause rope melt-through.High temperatures can be achieved when surging rope on a capstan, checking ropes on a cable, or running over stuck or non-rolling sheaves or rollers. Each rope’s construction and fiber type will yield a different coefficient of friction (reluctance to slip) in a new and used state. It is important to understand the operational demands and ensure the size, rope construction and fiber type be taken into account to minimize heat buildup.Never let ropes under tension rub together or move relative to one another. Enough heat to melt the fibers can buildup and cause the rope to fail as quickly as if it had been cut with a knife.Always be aware of areas of heat buildup and take steps to minimize it; under no circumstances let any rope come in contact with an exhaust muffler or any other hot object.The strength of a used rope can be determined by testing, but the rope is destroyed in the process so the ability to determine the retirement point before it fails in service is essential. That ability is based on a combination of education in rope use and construction along with good judgment and experience. Remember, you almost always get what you pay for in the form of performance and reliability.

The critical and melting temperatures for synthetic fibers are listed below:

TEMPERATURES Critical Melting

Dyneema® 150° F 297° F

Manila 180° F 350° F* Polypropylene 250° F 330° F

Nylon 350° F 460° F

Polyester 350° F 480° F

Technora 450° F 900° F*

*While the term “melting” does not apply to these fibers, they do undergo extreme degradation at these temperatures: Technora and Manila char.

Sheeve diameters on rotating sheave blocks Twisted Rope = 10 times the rope diameter

braided Rope = 8 times the rope diameter

The diameter on fixed pin termination should be at least 3 times the diameter – i.e., the bending radius for 1/2" rope should be 1-1/2"

rope inspection and retirement

Keep your ropes as clean and dry as possible and store them away from heat sources. Many climbers keep their ropes in special rope bags, which keep them clean and makes them easy to identify at the job site.

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Fixed PIN Termination Diameter

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CUT STRANDS

Note: Number of cut strands that indicate retirement depends on rope construction. See “check list” at left.

Rope displays two adjacent cut strands. This rope should either be retired or the cut section should be removed. If possible, re-splice.

Damage depicted below caused by excessive heat, which melted and fused the fibers. This area will be extremely stiff. Unlike fiber compression, melting damage cannot be mitigated by flexing the rope. Melted areas must be cut out and rope respliced or the rope must be retired.

MElTING OR GlAZING

ROPE INSPECTION CHECK lIST

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ORIGINAl BUlK NEW ROPE

VOlUME REDUCTION PUllED STRANDRope displaying 25% strand volume reduction from abrasion – rope should be retired from service.Note: Amount of volume reduction that indicates retirement depends on rope construction. Refer to “check list” at left.

Rope displays a snagged strand. If the strand can be worked back into the rope, no need to retire. If not, this indicates a retirement point.

Condition Discard Point

1. original rope bulk reduced by abrasion:

• Double braid* cover by 50%

• Twelve-strand braid by 25%

• Eight-strand plait by 25%

• Three-strand by 10%

2. fiber strands cut:

• Double braid* by three or more adjacent strands cut

• Twelve-strand braid by two or more adjacent strands cut

• Eight-strand plait by one or more adjacent strands cut

• Three-strand by one or more adjacent strands cut

3. diameter inconsistency:

• Localized diameter reduction

• Flat areas

• Lumps and bumps in rope

4. Glossy or glazed fiber:

• Localized or extended areas

5. inconsistency of texture:

• Localized or extended areas of stiffness

6. discoloration:

• Localized or extended areas caused by chemical contamination

*Refers to double braids that have both core and cover strength members.

27samsonrope.com

rope handling

Synthetic fiber ropes are normally shipped on reels for maximum protection while in transit. The rope should be removed from the reel by pulling it off the top while the reel is free to rotate. This can be accomplished by passing a pipe through the center of the reel and jacking it up until the reel is free from the ground. Rope should never be taken from a reel lying on its side. If the rope is supplied on a coil, it should always be uncoiled from the inside so that the first turn comes off the bottom in a counter-clockwise direction.

REMOVING ROPE FROM REEl OR COIl

COIlING – TWISTED ROPES

Three-strand ropes should be coiled in a clockwise direction (or in the direction of the lay of the rope) and uncoiled in a counter-clockwise direction to avoid kinks.

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AVOID KINKING AND HOCKlINGThe continuous use of a line on one side of a winch or windlass is a common abuse that can render a line useless in a comparatively short time. Repeated hauling of a line over a winch in a counterclockwise direction will extend the lay of the rope and simultaneously shorten the twist of each strand. As this action continues, kinks (or hockles) will develop. Once these hockles appear, they cannot be removed and the rope is permanently damaged at the point of hockling.

If, on the other hand, the line is continuously hauled over a winch in a clockwise direction, the rope lay is shortened and the rope becomes stiff and will kink readily.

To avoid detrimental conditions, the direction of turns over the winch should be alternated regularly. Clock-wise turns are recommended for the initial use of a new line. If this practice is observed, the original rope balance will be maintained and the lines will have a much longer useful life.

Excessive turns can cause kinking in any rope but hockles can occur only in the basic “twisted” ropes (three-strand, four-strand and cable-laid).

A hockled rope.

Braided and plaited ropes cannot be hockled; their inter-locking strand construction prevents the unlaying. Strands run in both directions creating a torque-free balance thus eliminating any inherent tendency toward twist or rotation. Swivels can be used safely but are seldom necessary. One word of caution here: when marrying a braided line to a twisted line (and also to wire rope) the twisted line can impart its twist to the braided line if the ropes are married without a swivel in between.

A braided or plaited rope, being torque-free, can have twist induced by constant working on winches and capstans. If a twist develops, it can easily be removed by “counter-rotating” when the rope is relaxed.

FIGURE 8

Great care must be taken in the stowage and proper coiling of braided ropes.

Braided ropes have no built-in twist and are far more resistant to kinking, than three-strand ropes. Even if kinks do develop they do not develop further into hockles.

The best method for making up braided rope is in figure-eight fashion. The rope should not be hand coiled in either direction as this merely puts turn into the line, which may develop into kinks when paying-out. Remember that there is no turn or twist in the line to begin with, so do not produce it by coiling.

ROPE STORAGE

BAGGING

Bagging is the most common method of storing braided or twisted climbing lines. The rope is allowed to fall into its natural position without deliberate direction.

We maintain an extensive research and development organization – fully equipped with the latest laboratory facilities, abrasion testing equipment, drop test tower, and one of the highest capacity tensile testers (1.1 million pounds) of any rope manufacturer worldwide. Staffed by fiber technologists and engineers dedicated to the development of more efficient and stronger ropes, Samson continues to lead the industry in technological developments in fibers, coatings and constructions. Our staff works directly with the leading fiber manufacturers to explore and assess the properties of new fibers in development.

The engineering staff also works closely with field sales personnel as application engineers. This interactive relationship allows us to be responsive to the operational concerns of our customers. From on-site assistance with new products to evaluation of product performance and the development of safety standards, the application engineer is an integral part of the field sales team.

Samson is committed to constantly meeting the challenges of the arborist industry and assuring the highest consistent quality climbing and rigging lines available today. We are ISO 9001 certified, and our climbing lines meet or exceed ANSI Standard Z133.

SAMSON’S lEGACY OF INNOVATION IS BUIlT ON A COMMITTMENT TO TECHNOlOGYSamson has dedicated more resources than any other cordage manufacturer to the continued development of high performance synthetic rope products.

member: TCIA International Society of Arboriculture ANSI Z133 Committee ArborMaster Alliance

TrADemArk noTiCeS: Dyneema® is DSM’s registered trademark for high performance polyethylene fiber. Technora® is a registered trademark of Teijin Ltd. ArborMaster® is a registered trademark of ArborMaster Training, Inc.

ACknoWleDgemenTS: Thanks to Ken Palmer and the ArborMaster® team for technical assistance.

© 2005 Samson Rope S/WD #106135 15M 10/05 2090 Thorton Street (T) 360.384.4669 www.samsonrope.comferndale, Wa uSa 98248 (f) 360.384.0572

rope handling

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