OM SRI SAI RAM 1

PROFESSIONAL ETICS AND

CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

BYDeepak G. Talekar

M.E. (Geotech), B.E. (Civil), C. Engg, AMIE (I), MISTECHARTERED ENGINEER

Mob: 9449500044 Email : deepakgtalekar@gmail.com

The objectives of this course on ‘Professional Ethics and Human Values’ are:

(a) to understand the moral values that ought to guide the Engineering profession. (unsafe)

(b) resolve the moral issues in the profession. (engineer-architect-owner)

(c) justify the moral judgment concerning the profession. It is intended to develop a set of beliefs, attitudes, and habits that engineers should display concerning morality. (mal practice)

HUMAN VALUES (ªÀiÁ£À«ÃAiÀĪÀiË®åUÀ¼ÀÄ)

OBJECTIVES

Muthinantha MaathonduGotthenammaNinage GotthenammaNaavu Kaalakke TakkantheNadeyabekuYendu Taalakke Takkanthe KuniyabekuMuthinantha MaathonduGotthenammaNinage GotthenammaNaavu Kaalakke TakkantheNadeyabekuYendu Taalakke Takkanthe Kuniyabeku

Siritanavendu ShashvathavallaBada Janarendu PraanigalallaDevaraata BallavarillaBaalina Marma ArithavarillaNinnetanake Haayaagi SuppatthigePapaIndu Manne Gathiyaythu Ee MayyigeNinnetanake Haayaagi SuppatthigeIndu Manne Gathiyaythu Ee MayyigeYendu Aalaga Ballavane ArasaaguvaOlle ArasaaaguvaMuthinantha MaathonduGotthenammaNinage Gotthenamma

Naavu Kaalakke Takkanthe NadeyabekuYendu Taalakke Takkanthe Kuniyabeku

Kappane Moda Karagale BekuAagasadinda IliyalebekuKappane Moda Karagale BekuAagasadinda IliyalebekuKote Katti Meredorella YenaadaruMeese Tiruvi Kunidorella MunnadaruInnu Neeyaavalekka Helu SukumaariyeAyyo HemmariyeShrimanthikeyu Mereyalu AllaRajakumari DevatheyallaHasivu Nidde Kopa Taapa Ninagu IdeNinnathe Rosha Vesha Namagu IdeEe Nijavannu Arithaaga HennaguveIlla ManthinnuveMuthinantha Maathondu GotthenammaNinage GotthenammaNaavu Kaalakke Takkanthe NadeyabekuYendu Taalakke Takkanthe Kuniyabeku

God

• Existence

• God give you more

• Mother is God

• Forms of God

• God is ONE

The prime objective is to increase one’s ability to deal effectively with moral complexity in engineering practice.

1. Moral awareness (proficiency in recognizing moral problems in engineering)

2. Moral Cogent (clear) moral reasoning (understanding), assessing different views.

3. Moral coherence (forming consistent viewpoints based on facts)

4. Moral imagination (searching beyond or alternative responses to issues and to find the solutions)

5. Moral communication, to express and support one’s views to others.

6. Moral reasonability i.e., willing and able to be morally responsible.

7. Moral Respect for persons, which means showing concern for the well-being of others, besides

oneself.8. Moral Tolerance of diversity i.e., respect for ethnic and

religious differences, and acceptanceof reasonable differences in moral perspectives.9. Moral hope i.e., believe in using rational dialogue for

resolving moral conflicts.10. Moral Integrity means integrating one’s professional

life and personal convictions (zÉÆñÀUÀ¼ÀÄ)

MORALS

Morality is concerned with principles and practices of morals such as:

(a) Which is to be done & which is not to be done in a given situation

(b) What is right or wrong about the handling of a situation

(c) What is good or bad about the people, policies, and ideals involved.

Difference b/w Morality & Ethics

What is “VALUE”

A value is defined as a principle that promotes well-being or prevents harm.

Types of Values

The five core human values are:

(1) Right conduct:

(2) Peace,

(3) Truth,

(4) Love

(5) Nonviolence.

(1) Right conduct: (a) SELF-HELP SKILLS: Care of possessions, diet, hygiene, modesty (£ÀªÀÄævÉ),

self reliance and tidy appearance (systematic)

(b) SOCIAL SKILLS: Good behaviour, good manners, good relationships, helpfulness, No wastage and good environment.

(c) ETHICAL SKILLS: Code of conduct, courage, dependability, duty, efficiency, ingenuity, initiative, punctuality, resourcefulness, respect for all, and responsibility.

(2) Peace :Attention, calmness, concentration, dignity, discipline, equality, faithfulness, focus, gratitude, happiness, inner silence, optimism, patience, reflection, satisfaction, self-acceptance, self-confidence, self-control, self-discipline, self-esteem (DÀvÀä UËgÀªÀ), self-respect, sense control, tolerance, and understanding.

• (3) Truth:Accuracy, curiosity, fairness, fearlessness, honesty, integrity (unity of thought, word, and deed), intuition, justice, purity, quest for knowledge, reason, self-analysis, sincerity, sprit of enquiry, trust, truthfulness and determination.

(4) Love: Acceptance, affection, care, compassion (¸ÀºÁ£ÀĨsÀÆw), consideration, dedication, devotion, empathy, forgiveness, friendship, generosity, gentleness, humanness, interdependence, kindness, patience, patriotism, sacrifice, service, sharing, sympathy, thoughtfulness, tolerance and trust.

(5) Nonviolence(a) PSYCHOLOGICAL: kindness, compassion, concern for others,

consideration ,forgiveness, manners, happiness, loyalty, morality, and universal love.

(b) SOCIAL: Appreciation of other cultures and religions, brotherhood, care of environment, citizenship, equality, harmlessness, national awareness, respect for property, and social justice.

THE END OF KNOWLEDGE IS LOVE

It is not the eyes that are blind, but the hearts.

- Quran 22.46

ETHICS

Ethics is the word that refers to morals, values, andbeliefs of the individuals, family or the society.

The word has several meanings. Basically it is anactivity and process of inquiry. Secondly, it isdifferent from non-moral problems, when dealingwith issues and controversies. Thirdly, ethics refers toa particular set of beliefs, attitudes, and habits ofindividuals or family or groups concerned withmorals. Fourth, it is used to mean ‘morally correct’.

INTEGRITY

Integrity is defined as the unity of thought, wordand deed (honesty) and open mindedness.

It includes the capacity to communicate thefactual information so that others can make well-informed decisions.

It yields the person’s ‘peace of mind’, and henceadds strength and consistency in character, decisions,and actions.

WORK ETHICS

Work ethics is defined as a set of attitudes concerned with the value ofwork, which forms the motivational orientation.

The ‘work ethics’ is aimed at ensuring the1. economy (get job, create wealth, earn salary),2. productivity (wealth, profit),3. safety (in workplace),4. health and hygiene (working conditions),5. privacy (raise family),6. security (permanence against contractual, pension, and retirementbenefits),7. cultural and social development (leisure, hobby, and happiness),8. welfare (social work),9. environment (anti-pollution activities), and10. offer opportunities for all, according to their abilities, but withoutdiscrimination.

SERVICE LEARNING

Service learning refers to learning the1. service policies,2. procedures,3. Norms and conditions, other than ‘the technical tradepractices’.

The service learning includes the characteristics of thework, basic requirements, security of the job, andawareness of the procedures, while taking decisions andactions.

Alternatively, the service learning may be defined as thenon-paid activity, in which service is provided on voluntarybasis to the public, non-profitable institutions, andcharitable organizations. It is the service during learning.

VIRTUES (sadgunagalu)Virtues are positive and preferred values. Virtues are

desirable attitudes or character traits (lakshanagalu), motives(uddeshagalu) and emotions (bhavanegalu) that enable us todo the thinks better.

Honesty (¥ÁæªÀiÁtÂPÀvÉ),

Courage (zsÉÊAiÀÄð),

Compassion(¸ÀºÁ£ÀĨsÀÆw),

Generosity(GzÁgÀvÉ),

Fidelity(¤µÉÖ),

Integrity(¸ÀªÀÄUÀævÉ),

Fairness,

Transparency,

Self-control and

Prudence(«ªÉÃPÀ) are all examples of virtues.

Civic Virtues(nagarika sadgunagalu)

Civic virtues are the moral duties and rights,as a citizen of the village or the country or anintegral part of the society and environment.An individual may exhibit civic virtues byvoting, volunteering, and organizing welfaregroups and meetings.

Duties of Civic Virtues

1. To pay taxes to the local government and state, in time.

2. To keep the surroundings clean and green.

3. Not to pollute the water, land, and air by following hygiene and proper garbage disposal.

For example, not to burn wood, tyres, plastic materials, spit in the open, even not to smoke in the open, and not to cause nuisance to the public, are some of the civic (duties) virtues.

4. To follow the road safety rules.

Rights of Civic Virtues

1. To vote the local or state government.2. To contest in the elections to the local or state government.3. To seek a public welfare facility such as a school, hospital or

a community hall or transport or communication facility, for the residents.

4. To establish a green and safe environment, pollution free, corruption free, and to follow ethical principles. People are said to have the right to breathe in fresh air, by not allowing smoking in public.

5. People have right to accept or reject a project in their area. One has the right to seek legal remedy, in this respect, through public interest petition.

RESPECT FOR OTHERS

This is a basic requirement for nurturing friendship, team work, and for the synergy (cooperation) it promotes and sustains. The principles enunciated in this regard are:

1. Recognize and accept the existence of other persons as human beings, because they have a right to live, just as you have.

2. Respect others’ ideas (decisions), words, and labor (actions).

3. Shall listen to them first.

4. One can correct or warn, if they commit mistakes. Some people may wait and watch as fun.

5. Appreciate colleagues and subordinates on their positive actions.

6. Criticize constructively and encourage them. They are bound to improve their performance, by learning properly and by putting more efforts.

7. Show ‘goodwill’ on others. Love others. Allow others to grow.

LIVING PEACEFULLY

To live peacefully, one should start install peacewithin (self). It begins at home. Then one can spreadpeace to family, organization where one works, andthen to the world, including the environment.

Only who are at peace can spread peace. You cannot gift an article which you do not possess. Theessence of oriental philosophy is that one should notfight for peace. War or peace can be won only bypeace, and not by wars.

Means to be adopted for leaving peacefully

Nurture (Araike)1. Order in one’s life (self-regulation, discipline, and duty).2. Pure thoughts in one’s soul (loving others, blessing others, friendly,

and not criticizing or hurting others by thought, word or deed).3. Creativity in one’s head (useful and constructive).4. Beauty in one’s heart (love, service, happiness, and peace).Get5. Good health/body (physical strength for service).Act6. Help the needy with head, heart, and hands (charity). Service to the

poor is considered holier than the service to God.7. Not hurting and torturing others either physically, verbally, or

mentally.

CARING

1.Caring is feeling for others.

2.It is a process of showing interest and providingsupport for the welfare of others with fairness,impartiality and justice in all activities among theemployees in the context of professional ethics.

3.It includes showing respect to the feelings of others.

4.Caring is reflected in activities such as friendship,membership in social clubs and professional societies,and through various transactions in the family,community, country and in international councils.

SHARING

Sharing is a process that describes the transferof knowledge (teaching, learning, and information),experience (training), commodities (materialpossession) and facilities with others.

The transfer should be genuine, legal, positive,voluntary, and without any expectation in return.However, the proprietary information should not beshared with outsiders.

Through this process of sharing, experience,expertise, wisdom and other benefits reach morepeople faster. Sharing is voluntary and it can not bedriven by force, but motivated successfully throughethical principles. In short, sharing is ‘charity’.

HONESTY

Honesty is a virtue, and it is exhibited in twoaspects namely,

(a) Truthfulness and(b) Trustworthiness.Truthfulness is to face the responsibilities upon

telling truth. One should keep one’s word orpromise. By admitting one’s mistake committed(one needs courage to do that!), it is easy to fixthem.

But trustworthiness (nambabahudad) ismaintaining integrity and taking responsibility forpersonal performance.

VALUING TIME

Time is rare resource. Once it is spent, it is lostfor ever. It can not be either stored or recovered.Hence, time is the most perishable and mostvaluable resource too. This resource iscontinuously spent, whether any decision oraction is taken or not.

The history of great reformers and innovatorshave stressed the importance of time and valuingtime. The proverbs, ‘Time and tide wait fornobody’ and ‘Procrastination (vilamba pravrutti)is the thief of time’ amply illustrate this point.

COOPERATION

It is a team-spirit present with every individualengaged in engineering.

Co-operation is activity between two personsor sectors that aims at integration of operations(synergy), while not sacrificing the autonomy ofeither party.

Further, working together ensures, coherence,i.e., blending of different skills required, towardscommon goals.

The impediments (obstacles) to successful cooperation are:

1. Clash of ego of individuals.2. Lack of leadership and motivation.3. Conflicts of interests, based on region, religion,

language, and caste.4. Ignorance and lack of interest. By careful planning, motivation, leadership,

fostering and rewarding team work, training on appreciation to different cultures, mutual understanding ‘cooperation’ can be developed and also sustained.

COMMITMENT

Commitment means alignment to goals and adherence toethical principles during the activities.First of all, one must believe in one’s action performed andthe expected end results (confidence).It means one should have the conviction without an iotaof doubt that one will succeed.Holding sustained interest and firmness, in whateverethical means one follows, with the fervent (katta) attitudeand hope that one will achieve the goals, is commitment.It is the driving force to realize success.

SELF-CONFIDENCE

• Certainty in one’s own capabilities, values, and goals, is self-confidence• These people are usually positive thinking, flexible and willing to change. • They respect others so much as they respect themselves.• Self-confidence is positive attitude in himself.• The people with self-confidence exhibit courage to get into action and

unshakable faith in their abilities, whatever may be their positions.• They are not influenced by threats or challenges and they are prepared to

face them.• The self-confidence in a person develops a sense of partnership, respect,

and accountability, and this helps the organization to obtain maximum ideas, efforts, and guidelines from its employees.

• The people with self-confidence have the following characteristics:1. A self-assured standing,2. Willing to listen to learn from others and adopt (flexibility),3. Frank to speak the truth, and4. respect others’ efforts and give due credit.

SPIRITUALITY

Spirituality is a way of living that emphasizes theconstant awareness and recognition of the spiritualdimension (mind and its development) of nature andpeople, with a dynamic balance between the materialdevelopment and the spiritual development.

Spirituality includes creativity, communication,recognition of the individual as human being, respectto others, acceptance (stop finding faults withcolleagues and accept them the way they are), vision(looking beyond the obvious and not believing anyoneblindly), and partnership sharing responsibility withothers.