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Professional_Liability Claims_Gen_RD CA

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Page 1: Professional_Liability Claims_Gen_RD CA

Raj  Daryanani     1  

Professional  Liability  Claim  

Raj  Daryanani    

2014-­‐08-­‐25  

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Professional  Liability  •  Professional  liability  insurance  (PLI),  or  errors  &  omissions  (E&O)  provides  

liability  insurance  for  professional  advice,  service  by  insured  and    cost  of  defending  against  an  alleged  negligence  claim,  and  damages.    

•  Insured’s  alleged  failure  to  perform,  financial  loss  caused  by,  and  error  or  omission  in  the  service  or  product  sold  by  the  insured.    

•  Coverage  is  for  potenJal  causes  for  legal  acJon  that  would  not  be  covered  by  a  general  liability  insurance  policy,  which  provides  coverage  and  addresses  more  direct  forms  of  harm.  (i.e..  BI,  PD,  adverJsing  liability  etc.)  

•  Professional  liability  coverage  may  provide  coverage  for  the  defense  costs,  including  when  legal  acJon  turns  out  to  be  groundless.  Defense  cost  can  be  huge.  Defense  cost  in  CGL  policies  is  over  and  above  the  policy  limits.  

•  Coverage  does  not  include  criminal  prosecuJon  or  potenJal  liabiliJes  under  civil  law  which  may  be  subject  to  other  forms  of  insurance.  (CGL/Product  liability).  

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Professional  Liability  •  Covers  negligence,  misrepresentaJon,  violaJon  of  good  

faith  and  fair  dealing,  and  inaccurate  advice.  Examples:  –  If  a  soSware  product  fails  to  perform  properly,  it  may  not  cause  physical,  

personal,  or  adverJsing  damages,  therefore  the  general  liability  policy  would  not  be  triggered;  it  may,  however,  directly  cause  financial  losses  which  could  potenJally  be  aUributed  to  the  soSware  developer's  misrepresentaJon  of  the  product  capabiliJes.    

 –  If  a  custom  designed  product  fails  without  causing  damage  to  person  or  

property  other  than  to  the  subject  product  itself,  a  product  liability  policy  may  cover  consequenJal  damages  such  as  losses  from  business  interrupJon,  but  will  generally  not  cover  the  cost  to  redesign,  repair  or  replace  the  failed  product  itself.  Claims  for  these  losses  against  the  manufacturer  may  be  covered  by  a  professional  liability  policy.  

 

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 PLI  &  CGL  Coverage  Aspects  

 Which  of  the  two  policies  should  respond  when  a  liability  claim  is  reported  is  one  that  is  steeped  in  uncertainty.  Will  it  be  one,  the  other,  or  perhaps  both?    •  Guiding  principle  depends,  among  other  things,  upon:    

a)  the  nature  of  the  loss  or  damage;  and    b)  how  the  allegaJons  giving  rise  to  the  claim  are  “framed”  by  the  plainJff’s  counsel.    

The  scope  of  coverage  provided  by  any  insurance  policy  is    determined  by  the  Insuring  Agreements  and  the  Exclusions.    

 

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CGL  Provision  •   CGL  Insurance  insures  financial  loss  due  to  property  damage,  

injuries,  or  death  caused  by  your  services,  business  operaJons,  or  your  employees  

•  An  occurrence-­‐form  CGL  policy  provides  compensatory  damages  coverage  for  claims  resulJng  from  “occurrences”  during  policy  period  due  to  bodily  injury,  property  damage,  personal  injury,  and  possibly  adverJsing  injury  

•  A  CGL  policy  is  not  intended  to  insure  a  claim  for  pure  financial  loss  that  does  not  result  from  one  or  more  of  these  forms  of  injury  or  damage.  CGL  policies  almost  without  excepJon  exclude  coverage  for  claims  arising  from  the  rendering  or  failure  to  render  “professional  services.”  

 

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PLI  Provision  •   A  claims-­‐made  E&O  policy  insures  claims  first  reported  during  the  policy  period,  for  liability  arising  from    –  errors,  omissions  or    –  negligent  acts  in  the  rendering  or    –  the  failure  to  render  defined  professional  services,  including  those  that  result  in  financial  loss.    

•  E&O  policies  may  exclude  claims  resulJng  from  bodily  injury  and  property  damage  

•  Policies  may  contain  retroacJve  coverage  clause  going  back  1  to  7  years  claims  occurring.  Premium  determinaJons  reflect  such.  

 

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PLI  Aspects  BI  The  E&O  exposures  of  some  professionals  relate  primarily  to  bodily  injury.  Examples:    –  the  medical  malpracJce  exposures  of  medical  professionals  

&  clinics,  first  responders  &  ambulance  services.    –  engineers  who  design  structures,  equipment  or  products  

that  have  the  potenJal  to  cause  bodily  injury  if  they  fail.    –  Professionals  who  provide  services  that  are  closely  Jed  to  

the  transportaJon,  health  care  and  recreaJon  industries  

 

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PLI  Aspects  PD  •  The  E&O  exposures  of  some  professionals  present  exposures  

that  may  give  rise  to  liability  for  property  damage.  Examples:    –  professionals  who  are  responsible  for  the  design  of  industrial  structures  and  equipment.    

–  In  today’s  über-­‐connected  and  wired  world,  professionals  who  provide  technology  services  may  also  be  at  risk  of  liability  exposures  for  property  damages.    

 

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PLI  Aspects  Financial  

•  The  E&O  exposures  of  some  professionals  have  the  potenJal  to  cause  losses  that  are  almost  exclusively  of  a  financial  nature.    – professionals  who  provide  strictly  financial  services,  such  as  accountants,  insurance  brokers,  claim  adjusters,  lawyers  and  mortgage  brokers.    

 

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PLI  Standard  of  Care  •  The  plainJff  must  establish  all  the  elements  of  the  tort,  including  the  breach  of  duty  &  standard  of  care.  

•   The  court  requires  a  standard  against  which  to  measure  the  conduct  of  a  defendant  to  determine  whether  the  defendant’s  acJon  (or  lack  of  acJon)  was  negligent.    

•  The  court  must  assess  whether  the  conduct  of  the  defendant  fell  below  the  standard  of  conduct  required  by  law.    

 

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PLI  Case  Laws  Standard  of  Care  •  Haag  v.  Marshal  (regarding  an  allegaJon  of  negligence  against  a  lawyer)  •  Meehan  v.  Dixon  ,  (a  claim  of  negligence  against  a  property  manager)  •   Shaak  v.  McIntyre,  (a  claim  of  negligence  against  a  real  estate  agent)  •   Summit  Staging  Ltd.  v.  596373  B.C.  Ltd.,  (claim  against  real  estate  agent)  

Lack  of  Expert  Evidence  and  No  Evidence  MoJons  •  Seiler  v.  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Co.  (claim  for  professional  negligence  against  

an  insurance  adjuster)  •   Edgar  v.  BriFsh  Columbia    

 

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Directors  &  Officers  Coverage  •  Directors  and  officers  liability  insurance  (can  also  include  

Employment  PracJces  Liability  Insurance),  covers  your  damages  and/or  defence  costs  in  the  event  that  you  are  sued  for  alleged  wrongful  acts  while  acJng  in  your  capacity  as  a  director  or  officer.    

•  The  directors  and  officers  liability  insurance  policy  protects  the  directors.  

•  Personal  Liability  arises  out  of  :    –  Specific  duJes  and  responsibiliJes  are  imposed  on  directors  as  to  the  

conduct  in  which  they  run  a  business.      –  These  responsibiliJes  are  imposed  under  contract  condiJons.      –  Common  law  and  statutory  legislaJon  

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Directors  &  Officers  Coverage  •  Poten7al  Areas  of  Liability  

–  Failure  to  act  as  required  by  law:  Most  provincial  and  federal  legislaJon  requires  directors  of  incorporated  or  limited  companies  to  maintain  certain  records,  and  file  financial  and  other  corporate  reports.  If  however,  these  records  are  not  maintained  or  properly  filed,  the  director  may  be  liable  for  an  offence  under  one  or  more  pieces  of  legislaJon.  

–  Wrongful  Act:  This  has  oSen  been  interpreted  by  the  courts  as:  any  actual  or  alleged  act,  omission,  error,  misstatement,  misleading  statement,  neglect,  or  breach  of  duty.  

–  Failure  to  fulfill  legal  requirements  can  include  wrongful  dismissal  of  an  employee,  employee  discriminaJon,  or  failure  to  remedy  a  safety  or  environmental  hazard.  Liability  could  also  result  from  non-­‐compliance  with  a  corporate  statute,  mismanagement,  or  financial  losses    

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Directors  &  Officers  Coverage  Liability  is  not  limited  to  the  business  or  corporaJon.  –  As  a  director  or  officer,  you  can  be  held  personally  liable  for  your  acJons  or  in-­‐acJons  

–  Claims  of  ignorance  in  performance  of  your  duJes  is  not  a  defense  

–  Resigning  from  your  responsibiliJes  may  not  be  accepted  as  a  defense  

–  Indemnity  provided  by  an  insurance  policy  held  by  the  Board  of  Directors  may  not  provide  adequate  protecJon  

–  You  could  also  be  held  liable  for  an  alleged  non-­‐performance  

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Directors  &  Officers  Coverage  A  directors  and  officers  insurance  policy  is  usually  divided  into  two  periods  of  coverage:  –  Coverage  during  the  Jme  period  when  you  are  acJng  as  a  director  or  officer  

–  Coverage  for  the  Jme  period  aSer  you  no  longer  serve  as  a  director  or  officer  (extended  for  a  limited  period)  protects  your  assets  if  you  are  sued  aSer  you  have  completed  your  term  of  service  or  have  reJred,  and  are  no  longer  serving  as  a  director  or  officer.    

–  Coverage  and/or  reimbursement  of  costs  are  only  available  where  the  company  has  indemnified  the  individual(s)  not  the  company.  

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Trigger  of  PLI  &  CGL  Coverage  

Medical  Claim    •  During  an  eye  examinaJon,  an  insured  ophthalmologist  administered  eye  

drops  that  dilated  a  paJent’s  pupils  and  resulted  in  blurred  vision.  When  leaving  the  premises,  the  paJent  slipped  and  fell  down  the  office  stairs  and  sustained  a  fractured  arm  and  dislocated  shoulder.  The  paJent  iniJated  legal  acJon  claiming  for  damages  resulJng  from  her  injury.    

•  The  paJent’s  counsel  alleged  that  the  ophthalmologist  and  his  staff  failed  to  sufficiently  warn  the  paJent  of  the  need  to  delay  departure  unJl  her  vision  impairment  subsided  or  to  arrange  for  someone  to  accompany  her  prior  to  leaving.  There  was  a  further  allegaJon  that  damaged  edging  on  one  of  the  top  stairs  of  the  ophthalmologist’s  office  was  a  factor  in  the  fall.  The  CGL  policy  contained  a  “professional  services”  exclusion.    

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Trigger  of  PLI  &  CGL  Coverage  Technology    •  Insured  is  consulJng  firm  providing  hardware  &  soSware  soluJons  to  a  

health  care  insJtuJon.  A  major  storm  caused  a  power  surge  that  resulted  in  interrupJon  to  the  client’s  power  supply,  damage  to  its  hardware,  corrupJon  of  files  and  incurring  costs  to  recover  data.    

•  The  client’s  counsel  alleged:  a)  that  the  consultant  commiUed  an  error  or  omission  in  its  failure  to  ensure  that  an  appropriate  safety  system  was  in  place  to  prevent  damage  from  the  power  surge;  and  b)  that  the  consultant  improperly  installed  the  surge  protecJon  system  that  was  in  place  at  the  Jme  of  the  loss.    

•  It  is  very  likely  that  the  CGL  policy  excluded  damage  to  “data,”  while  the  E&O  policy  may  or  may  not  have  contained  an  exclusion  for  bodily  injury  and  property  damage.  

 

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Trigger  of  PLI  &  CGL  Coverage  ConstrucJon    •  Insured  mechanical  contractor  undertook  a  project  to  design,  fabricate,  deliver  and  

install  a  new  cooling  tower  for  an  industrial  applicaJon.  Insured  engaged  a  professional  engineering  firm  to  design  the  tower  structure  &  the  related  electrical  and  mechanical  systems.  An  engineer  employed  by  the  firm  provided  field  services  to  oversee  the  fabricaJon  of  the  tower  and  the  installaJon  by  subcontractors.  Three  years  aSer  the  work  was  completed,  the  tower  experienced  seUlement  problems  and  other  issues  that  affected  its  performance.    

•  The  client  iniJated  legal  acJon  to  recover  for  damage  to  the  tower  and  resultant  business  interrupJon  to  manufacturing  operaJons.  The  client’s  counsel  alleged  that  the  damage  to  the  tower  was  caused  by  a)  an  improper  design  of  the  foundaJons  and  tower  structure  by  the  subcontracted  structural  engineer;  b)  faulty  materials  and  workmanship  in  construcJon  of  the  foundaJon  by  the  subcontractor;  and  c)  an  error  or  omission  by  the  staff  engineer  while  providing  field  services  for  erecJon  of  the  tower.  The  CGL  policy  contained  a  “professional  services”  exclusion.    

 

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Trigger  of  PLI  &  CGL  Coverage  

Which  Policy  Will  Cover  the  Claim?    

•  There  is  oSen  not  one  clear  answer.  The  examples  present  situaJons  where  the  answer  will  very  likely  only  be  determined  aSer  considering  the  relevant  facts  and  circumstances  of  each  case  and  examining  how  the  plainJffs’  counsel  framed  the  allegaJons  of  liability  that  resulted  in  the  claim.    

•  QuesJons  about  which  policy  will  respond  to  mixed  allegaJons  also  give  rise  to  quesJons  regarding  which  limits  and  deducJbles  apply,  as  well  as  how  liability  may  be  apporJoned  if  both  policies  cover  the  claim.    

•  The  point  here  is  that  answers  can  oSen  only  be  found  aSer  thorough  invesJgaJon  by  the  insurers.      

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Raj  &  PLI  Claim    •  Early  &  pro  acJve  involvement  in  coverage  &  invesJgaJon  and  claims  strategy  

•  ProacJve  and  efficient  claims  resoluJons  •  SubrogaJon's  and  recoveries  rights  preserved    •  Diary  system  on  claims  status  and  reserves  adequacies  •  CollaboraJon  with  insureds,  placing  broker  and  underwriters  

•  Data  and  trend  analysis    •  Summary  of  open  claims  and  reserves  submissions  

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Raj’s  value  My  InternaJonal  Insurance  background  UK  USA  Canada:    –  Bachelor  Degree  BBA  and  LLB.  –  Started  career  working  for  Lloyd’s  Broker,  London  generaJng  facultaJve  and  treaty  business  in  W.  Africa.  

–  Claims  exposure  as  an  IA,  Company’s  and  Consultant    –  Ability  to  navigate  the  dynamics  of  claims  advocacies  –  Proven  technical  claims  resource    –  Strong  negoJaJon  and  policy  interpretaJon  training    –  Strong  AccounJng  and  ReconciliaJon  trends  analysis  background  

–  OrganizaJonal  and  collaboraJve  and  communicaJons  skills.    

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The  value  I  will  bring:  Understanding  Policy  Coverage  &  Account  Value    –  Researching  case  laws  and  coverage  trends  –  I  excel  in  collaboraJng  &  negoJaJng  with  insured's,  CGL  insurers,  &  underwriters  on  coverage  issues  &  claims  evaluaJons  

– Managing  Defence  Team  –  Defence  costs  and  agreements    

•  Pro  acJve  involvement  in  claims  management  –  Accurate  &  efficient  data  collecJng  and  mining.  Trends  and  gap  analysis    

–  Timely  financial  reporJng  and  reconciliaJons  –  SubrogaJon  recoveries  awareness  &  process    –  CollaboraJon  with  Broker,  insured  &  underwriters  

 

     

2014-­‐08-­‐25  


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