Reading Passages & Language Focus 1) Reading Passage 1 : µ Professor Magdi Yacoub : Professor Magdi Yacoub is a world-famous heart surgeon . He was born in Egypt in the village of Belbis in 1935, the son of a surgeon who worked in different places around the country . The family had to move every few years, so Yacoub learnt to adapt to different situations and enjoyed meeting different people. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………… When his aunt died because of a heart problem , Yacoub decided to become a heart surgeon. He studied medicine at Cairo University and qualified as a doctor in 1957. In the 1960s , he taught at Chicago University in the United States and worked with many of the world's best heart surgeons. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Now Yacoub had the qualifications and experience to do great things . In 1973, He became a heart surgeon at Harefield Hospital in England. Under his leadership , Harefield became the most important transplant centre in the country. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… In the early 1980s, he was part of the team which did the first British heart transplant operation. At this time, Yacoub travelled thousands of kilometres in small planes and helicopters to find healthy hearts for transplants. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………… Mr Waleed El_Sayed 2 nd Secondary – 1 st Term 1
Transcript
Reading Passages & Language Focus1) Reading Passage 1 :
µ Professor Magdi Yacoub : Professor Magdi Yacoub is a world-famous heart surgeon. He was born in Egypt in the
village of Belbis in 1935, the son of a surgeon who worked in different places around the
country. The family had to move every few years, so Yacoub learnt to adapt to different
1 : I enjoy my work . The company trains us well and gives us a smart uniform to wear. It's very comfortable working in a modern building with air conditioning. People come here from all over the world - most of them don't speak Arabic, so I use my English a lot. It's important that I'm friendly and efficient - that way they'll probably come back again.
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2 : It's a hard job - working outside in the heat with the noise of heavy machines around you all the time . But I'm proud to be helping to build a modern country. Our roads, bridges and dams will help to make Egypt richer, and that will be good for our children and our grandchildren.
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3 : My work is very exciting . Since I started the job two years ago , I've met important people from all over the world . A trade delegation from Europe arrived in Egypt two weeks ago , so last week I was reporting on that story almost every day . I even met the leaders of France and Germany. My report was headline news in our paper at the weekend. Yesterday, I was interviewing business leaders in Cairo .
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4: I've wanted to do this kind of work since I saw my first computer at school. In my opinion, computers are magic and I've worked and played with them ever since that day at school. Now I work for a well-known Egyptian company that writes computer programs for important national and international companies. At the moment, I'm doing research on a computer programme for an Australian company.
delegation وفد count يعدqualifications مؤهالت education التعليمgrandchildren أحفاد heart surgery القلب جراحةtrade delegation
تجارى وفد heart transplant
القلب زراعة
operation عملية marital status االجتماعية الحالةheart surgeon قلب جراح nationality الجنسيةresearch retire بحث / يجرى بحث العمل عن يتقاعدuniform رسمى زى retirement
training / تمرين تدريب situations مواقفsmart / ذكى أنيق heart problems القلب فى مشاكلcomfortable مريح healthy heart سليم قلبfriendly / ودى ودود human cells بشرية خالياefficient كفء charity خيرية مؤسسةbridges / جسور كبارى head رئيسdams سدود team فريقroads طرق qualities صفات
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leader / زعيم قائد save = rescue ينقذreport عن / يبلغ تقرير society مجتمعheadline news االخبار عناوين patient صبور مريض /interview / يجرى مقابلة
مقابلةcharitable organisation
خيرية منظمة
magic سحر knowledge معرفةnational / قومى وطنى diseases أمراضinternational / دولى عالمى food shortage الغذاء نقصidentify على يتعرف full-time job دائمة وظيفةproud of بـ فخور part-time job مؤقتة وظيفةjunior / صغير ناشىء
السنproject مشروع
architect معمارى مهندس transplant centre
زراعة مركزاالعضاء
design يصمم divorced طلقُمaccountant محاسب date of birth الميالد تاريخaccounting محاسبة advertise (سلعة( عن يعلنexperience خبرة advertisement اعالنjob application تقدم طلب
لوظيفةmedicine / دواء طب
details تفاصيل contributions اسهاماتtitle لقب value / يقيم قيمةmachines / معدات آالت mention يذكرwell-known / مشهور معروف article مقالةprovide / يزود يمد grandmother جدة
Prepositions, Idioms & Expressionsinterested in بـ مهتم adapt to على / يتأقلم مع يتكيفapply for على للحصول بطلب يتقدم apply to )لكى( لـ بطلب يتقدمfrom all over the world أنحاء كل من
العالمwork with مع يعمل
good for لـ مفيد under the leadership of قيادة تحتreport on عن تقرير يقدم find out يكتشفat the weekend االسبوع نهاية فى benefit from من يستفيدwork for أجل( )من لدى يعمل look for )شئ( عن يبحثlook up )معلومة( عن يبحث play a part )role( in فى دورا يلعبfall asleep النوم يغلبه at the age of سن فىspeak for عن نيابة يتحدث good at +v. + ing فى ماهرdie of / بسبب من يموت have experience
inفى خبرة لديه
fill in a form استمارة يمأل study at فى يدرسapply in writing كتابة بالطلب يتقدم apply in person شخصيا بالطلب يتقدمapply online
االنترنت على بطلب يتقدم for this reason السبب لهذا
keen on بـ / شغوف لـ متحمس reason for لـ / مبرر سببMake or Do
make parts of cars فى اختالف يحدث make a أجزاء يصنع
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السيارات differencemake a decision قرار يتخذ make a
mistakeيخطئ
make money / a fortune
ثروة يكون make a profit ربح يحقق
make a choice يختار make friends أصدقاء يتخذmake a suggestion اقتراح يقدم make a
promiseوعدا يقدم
make the bed الفراش يرتب make a noise ضوضاء يثيرmake a complaint يشتكى make sense معنى لهmake an effort بمجهود يقوم make coffee /
tea/ شاى قهوة يصنع
do an operation
جراحية عملية يجرى do work بالعمل يقوم
do a job وظيفة يؤدى do an experiment
تجربة يجرى
do a project أو بحث بعمل يقومدراسة
do research on / into
على أبحاث يعمل
do the shopping
يتسوق do the homework
الواجب يحل
do the cleaning بالتنظيف يقوم do the washing up
األطباق بغسل يقوم
do the cooking الطهى بعملية يقوم do a favour أو خدمة يقدممعروف
do a report تقرير يقدم do duties بالواجبات يقومdo something شىء يفعل do sport رياضة يمارسdo exercise تدريب يؤدى do the ironing الكوى بأعمال يقومdo business عمل يؤدى
A. Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :1( All the members of our company wear a smart...................a. headdress b. uniform c. belt d. hat2)..................of the tourists who come to Egypt don't speak Arabic, so a
tourist guide should master English .a. Much b. More c. The most d. Most3) A successful receptionist should be friendly and...................a. efficient b. inefficient c. impatient d. vulgar4) Fresh food is good..................all of us .a. at b. with c. for d. to5) There are several .................. built over the Nile so that people and
vehicles can cross it.a. tunnels b. bridges c. overflying d. rails
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6( The industrial and agricultural projects carried out in Egypt aim at ..................it richer.
a. making b. taking c. forming d. giving7) Mona was sent to..................on the floods in the Sudan .a. concentrate b. work c. sit d. report8) My British pen-friend James arrived..................Cairo last week .a. in b. on c. by d. at9) Professor Hamed is busy..................a research on cancer nowadays .a. answering b. making c. giving d. doing10) What kind..................work would you like to do in the future ?a. from b. for c. of d. in11) The new bank building is really clean , quiet and.......................a. uncomfortable b. comfortable c. exhausting d. boring12) We all should do our utmost to......................our country .a. destroy b. improve c. demolish d. defame13) An Egyptian......................will be sent to the peace talks in London next
week.a. staff b. government c. delegation d. party14) The reason I like this book is................it is written in a simple way.a. these b. those c. then d. that15) There are a lot of...............buildings in Egypt such as the Pyramids .a. historic b. modern c. transparent d. wooden16)......................are the sons of our children .a. Grand
mothers b. Grandparents c. Grandchildren d. Grand fathers
17) The job of a......................is to put out fires .a. policeman b. surgeon c. cameraman d. fireman18) If the new flat is too hot, we can install...................... conditioning .a. air b. gas c. steam d. water19) My brother works...................... a civil engineer.a. such b. such as c. like d. as20) A successful person should learn to................to different situations .a. adopt b. admit c. adapt d. adhere21) Magdi Yacoub is a world-famous heart..................... .a. analyst b. surgeon c. physician d. physicist22( In the U.S.A., Magdi Yacoub worked...............many of the world's best heart
surgeons .a. for b. on c. with d. at23) There is one of the most important kidney...................centres in Mansoura
.a. growing b. transplant c. forming d. making24) Government employees usually ............... at the age of 60 .a. restore b. return c. retard d. retire25) Some.................organisations help children with heart problems .a. charitable b. research c. changeable d. fanatical26) In 1980 , surgeons.....................the first heart transplant operation in
Britain .a. made b. formed . c. did d. gave27( Harefield became the most important transplant centre in Britain ..............Yacoub's
leadership.a. beneath b. under c. below d. into28) To be a doctor, you must study.......................a. medicinal b. medical c. medically d. medicine
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29) Magdi Yacoub was........................of a transplant programme at a hospital in Britain .
a. head b. brain c. skull d. skin30) Hearts needed for transplants must be.......................a. sickly b. healthy c. unhealthy d. deadly31) The famous scientist is doing a research..................new treatments .a. on b. of c. for d. from32( Yacoub was part of team which made new heart parts from ..................... cells.a. animal b. plant c. human d. solar33) A tour guide can meet people from all......................the world .a. from b. on c. in d. over34) The normal......................"age for people in Egypt is 60 .a. revolution b. retirement c. respected d. remarkable35)..................status means whether the person is married or single .a. Aristocratic b. Democratic c. Marital d. Social36) Our society can…............so much from people who work in their 70s or
80s. They had a lot of experience.a. protect b. suffer c. differ d. benefit37) The teacher warned us not to....................such a mistake again .a. make b. do c. give d. take38) You should be confident of yourself during an....................a. interviewee b. interviewer c. interviewing d. interview39)...................plans and designs roads , bridges and large buildings .a. A surgeon b. A civil
engineerc. An architect d. A driver
40) More than 10 people applied.................the job of an accountant.a. on b. of c. from d. for41) You should have a suitable......................in maths to get the job .a. qualifies b. qualification c. qualified d. qualify42) Your...................means your family name .a. first name b. full name c. surname d. pen name43)" Sir" was the....................given to Magdi Yacoub .a. name b. fame c. nickname d. title44) I asked the receptionist to help me to fill...................a job application
form .a. up b. in c. out d. on45) I'd like to know whether you are married or......................a. solo b. alone c. single d. lonely46) James is from England . His......................is English .a. nationality b. address c. qualification d. title .47) All the applicants should apply....................writing .a. for b. of c. in d. on48) There are a lot of charitable organisations all over the world which are
interested in children ............. heart problems .a. from b. with c. about d. at49) Which country do you come...................?a. at b. from c. up d. out50) Is the part...............by charities around the world today effective?a. played b. done c. made d. given
B. Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write them correctly:1. Magdi Yacoub is an example of a successfully person .
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2. Yacoub qualified like a doctor in 1957 .3. Yacoub made the first heart transplant operation in 1980 .4. Yacoub continues to work as he believes he can do a difference to people's lives .5. Yacoub learnt to adopt to different situations in his childhood .6. Yacoub was borne in Belbis in 1935 .7. Yacoub performed the first British heart plant operation .8. Our family will have a new washing machine fixed next week .9. I think our teacher of English is friend and efficient.10. Improving our life conditions in Egypt is good to children . Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- The ………… status of a person shows whether he / she is married.a) social b) financial c) marital d) mental
2- Graduates who apply ………… the job must be fluent in English.a) on b) about c) for d) with
3- When the employee reaches the age of 60, he / she ……………….. .a) recycles b) retired c) starves d) survives
4- He studied medicine at Cairo university and ……………… as a doctor.a) applied b) supplied c) qualified d) tried
5- My sister who works for a charitable organization believes that her work ……… a difference in people's lives.a) takes b) works c) has d) makes
6- Ahmed worked ………………… his project all day.a) out b) against c) up d) on
7- A …………….. is the person who writes for newspapers and magazines.a) news reporter b) surgeon c) receptionist d) lawyer
8- My sister got ………… before she was accepted for the job.a) a meeting b) a conference c) a visit d) an interview
9- Tourists are always seen in front of famous museums and ………… buildings.a) history b) historian c) historic d) historical
10- The reason …………… his failure in the exam was that he didn't study hard.a) on b) of c) for d) from
11- There's a factory in our town which ……………… parts for cars and buses.a) does b) takes c) works d) makes
12- A company sends a ……… when it needs people to speak for it at a meeting.a) group b) delegation c) car d) worker
13- Although he retired as a surgeon, he continued to ……….. new treatments. a) research b) search c) look d) see
14- Everyone ……………… mistakes when they're learning something new.a) does b) takes c) works d) makes
15- We can benefit …………… old newspapers by recycling.a) from b) by c) of d) with
16- Our ……………… are the children of our children.a) parents b) ancestors c) grandparents d) grandchildren
17- He became interested ……………… computers at school.a) at b) on c) by d) in
18- She is a news reporter. She enjoys ……………… different people.a) meet b) meeting c) to meet d) with meeting
19- It's been more than 20 years since surgeons … the first heart transplant operation in Britain.a) made b) worked c) took d) did
20- He works ………………… a company that writes computer programs.
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a) for b) on c) at d) out21- He had to move every few years, so he learnt to ……………… to different
situations.a) adopt b) adapt c) apply d) use
22- He decided to be a heart surgeon when his aunt died ……… a heart problem.a) by b) from c) with d) of
23- A ……………… is a doctor who does operations in a hospital.a) surgeon b) receptionist c) reporter d) teacher
24- He was highly qualified. ………… this reason, he was accepted for the job.a) At b) With c) For d) To
25- He ………………… a lot of important work in his life.a) made b) did c) took d) worked
26- Professor Magdi Yacoub ……………… many heart transplant operations.a) make b) do c) take d) work
27- Professor Magdi Yacoub was part of a team which …… new heart parts from human cells.a) make b) do c) take d) work
28- A surgeon is a person who……………… operations.a) makes b) carries c) performs d) works
29- I like ……………… as a hotel receptionist because every day is different.a) work b) to work c) worked d) working
30- We can install ……………… in a modern building if it is too hot.a) air conditioning b) heater c) lights d) parts
31- A trade ……………… from Europe arrived in Egypt two weeks ago.a) team b) band c) delegation d) gang
32- He hasn't filled in the ……………….. form for his passport yet.a) application b) complication c) completion d) appliance
33- If you …………. me, people should go on a training course before they become parents.a) say b) tell c) talk d) ask
34- They are ………….. some fascinating research on the language of dolphins.a) carrying b) doing c) making d) working
35- What is the normal …………………. age for people in Egypt?a) retirement b) retreat c) retiring d) retired
36- I want to travel because I enjoy ……………….. new places.a) see b) saw c) seen d) seeing
37- Professor Magdi Yacoub did a lot of heart ………………… operations.a) transport b) transplant c) transfusion d) transfer
38- Surgeons do ………………… on people in hospitals.a) applications b) operations c) research d) business
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- He had the qualifications and experience to make great things.2- He traveled in small planes to find health hearts for transplants.3- Whatever career he chooses, he wants to do a difference in people's
lives.4- He doesn't know what job he would like to make.5- He does a lot of mistakes in mathematics.6- He enjoys helping his brothers and sisters to make their homework.7- I have been working at a new project since February.8- She worked as a surgeon before she made research on new
treatments.9- My brother has a very difficult decision to do next week.10- He saved people's lives by making heart transplants.
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11- What are people's main reasons of continuing to work when they are older?
12- On my opinion, computers are magic.
Language FocusThe Past Simple Tense البسيط الماضى زمن
A- Formation : التكوين يتكون الماضى البسيط من التصريف الثانى للفعل.
Regular Verbs:Visit Visited play playedlive lived invite invitedstop stopped drop droppedIrregular Verbs: Swim swam go wentcut cut buy boughtB- Usage : االستخدام - Past action ) exact time ( : حدث وقع و انتهى فى :وقت محدد فى الماضى I visited my uncle yesterday .- Past habit : يحدث عد ي لم و لماضى ا يحدث فى كان أو حدث لماضى ا عادة فى
I played football when I was younger. ) I used to play......................)- Actions in a story : أحداث فى قصة ÿ Once the president visited our town , people lined the streets....C- Key Words: الكلمات الداللية على الزمن yesterday أمس .......ago منذ in the past الماضى فىin the ancient times العصو فىالقديمة
How long ago منذ؟متى
from...to... .........من ...الى
one day يوم ........the previous الماضى ......last ذات الماضى
in 2000 عام 2000فى once مرة the other day ذاتonce upon a time من يوم فىاأليام
The river flooded its banks last week . My sister received my letter 3 days ago .
ملحوظة : تكرار مدى على للداللة البسيط الماضى مع { always / often} مثل كلمات استخدام يمكن- 1
الماضى: فى حدثI always got up early when I was a student. ) I used to get up.)
المصدر نجيب الزم ( : يعنى. ( didn't + inf باستخدام البسيط الماضى بننفى - احنا2 .didn't . – Tamer didn't score any goals in yesterday's match بعد مشفى
فى هيساعدنا اللى المساعد الفعل ده هوdid على و علينا : يبقى السؤال نكون - عايزين3البسيط. الماضى زمن فى السؤال صنع
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Did you attend the meeting? - Yes, I did. - No, I didn't. What did they buy from the supermarket? - They bought sugar, rice, tea and butter.
Expressing Habits: العادات عن التعبير * used to + inf. ) discontinued past habit عادة فى الماضى انقطعت اآلن اى لم(تعد تحدث When I was young, I used to play football . ) in the habit )
When I was young, I was in the habit of playing football. * get / be + used to + ing.* Hazim is used to driving fast. ) until now عادة موجودة حتى اآلن )
* be + used to + inf. ) passive formالمبنى للمجهول ) be + used for + ing ) الفاعل هنا غير عاقل ) School fees are used to build new schools . [ passive ] School fees are used for building new schools . [ passive ]
The Past continuous Tense المستمر الماضى زمنA-Formation [ was / were + v.+ ing ] B- Usage
.يعبر الماضى المستمر عن حدث مستمر أثناء وقت معين فى الماضى-Between six and half past six this morning, I was having breakfast.
.يعبر الماضى المستمر عن موقف أو قصة فى الماضى- I was studying chemistry when I met Rami.
.يعبر الماضى المستمر عن حدث كان مستمرا عندما قطعه حدث آخر فى الماضى- I was having a shower when the phone rang.
While I was watching the match, my father arrived . .يعبر الماضى المستمر عن حدثين كانا يحدثان فى نفس الوقت
-While father was watching TV, mother was cooking in the kitchen. While I was watching the match, my father was reading a story .
C- Key Words: الكلمات الداللية على الزمن :يستخدم الماضى المستمر مع الكلمات اآلتية
while - as - just as بينما - when عندما all day yesterday طوال اليوم أمس - all the time طوال الوقت
يأتى الماضى المستمر بعدwhile / as / just as بينما يكون الحدث األخر ماضى بسيط أو ماضى مستمر حسب المعنى
-While )As / Just as) he was leaving the house, the phone rang.-The phone rang while )as-just as) he was leaving the house.
يمكن أن يأتى بعد when .ماضى بسيط ثم ماضى مستمر أو العكس حسب المعنى-I was studying English when the lights went out.-The lights went out when I was studying English.
يمكن أن يكون الحدثين معwhen : في الماضي البسيط - When he arrived, he found the door locked.
يمكن أن يأتى بعد because و الفعل األخر ماضى بسيط مستمرماضى.
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- Magdy couldn’t hear the phone because he was having a shower.:مالحظات
يمكن استخدام On بدال من when و يأتي يعدها v. + ing أو noun : -When the thief saw the police, he ran away. )On( On seeing the police, the thief ran away.
يمكن استخدامDuring بدال من while و يأتي يعدها noun : -While I was having lunch, the phone rang. )During(During my lunchtime, the phone rang.
الفعل بعد and :يأخذ نفس شكل الفعل الذي يسبقها - He was writing a letter and listening to some music.
The Present simple Tense البسيط المضارع زمنA- Formation
هو التصريف األول للفعل. He, She, It plays , goes , washes , watches , crosses , fixes . I ,We, You , They play , go , wash , watch , cross , fix .
I play football every Friday . We speak English in our English lessons . He always comes to school early. Where do you come from? She doesn't cook well. Does Samir work as a receptionist?
B- Usage1- General facts حقائق عامة —► * The earth moves round the sun.2- Habits ) daily routine( عادات يومية —► * Students go to school every day.3- Timetable ) future ( جداول مواعيد زمنية —► * The plane arrives at 6 o'clock .
مع أفعال معينة مثل: }open / close/ begin/ end / start /arrive/ finish / leave/come / return{4- Permanent situations: المواقف الدائمة * I work as a teacher. ) permanent job وظيفة دائمة (5- After time conjunctions بعد الروابط الزمنية عندما تكون الجملة األخرى زمنها مستقبل بسيط
}After / Before / When / As soon as / till / until {* After he arrives , we will visit him . * I will wait for him till he comes .* As soon as Ali revises his lessons , he will do his homework.
C- Key Words: الكلمات الداللية على الزمن
always = at all times¾دائما sometimes = at times¾أحيانا occasionally = from time to time من حينآلخر
usually ¾عادة
often ¾غالبا regularlyبانتظام frequentlyبانتظام / بشكل متكرر everمن قبل never¾أبدا every...كل rarely = seldom = scarcely ¾نادرا How often..?كم مرة
The Present continuous Tense المستمر المضارع زمنA- Formation [ am / is / are + v.+ ing ]
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ان بالك السؤال : am , is , areخد ال و النفى فى مشكلة مفيش يعنى مساعدة أفعالاضافة هو عليك اللى تقدم . notكل السؤال فى و تنفى لكى المساعد الفعل الى
. الفاعل على المساعد الفعلB- Usagel-Something happening now. حدث يحدث اآلن * I'm reading a story now . 2- Future action. حدث مستقبلى تم االعداد و الترتيب له بشرط وجود كلمة تدل على المستقبل * He is travelling to Luxor tomorrow.
3-Temporary situations.مواقف مؤقتة * I'm working as a teacher . [ a temporary job ]now اآلن at this moment فى هذه اللحظة at presentفى الوقت الحاضر still ما زال Look! أنظر listen ! استمع Look out! = watch out! = Be careful! احترس
always للتعبير عنالضيق
* You are always complaining . [very often ]
Exercises the present simple & past simple 1) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1- I..........my dinner every night at eight o'clock.a) ate b) eat c) have eaten d) eating2- Lazy boys usually.........their examination.a) fails b) fail c) failed d) failing3- Samir sometimes........games with his friends.a) played b) play c) plays d) playing4- Khalid often........the summer in Alex.a)spend b)is spent c)spends d) spending5- He.......walk to work every day.a) didn't b) doesn't c) isn't d) hasn't6- He.......gets up early.a) doesn't b) didn't c) never d) won't7- What time.......your father arrive at work every morning?
a) did b) does c) do d) will8- The moon.........around the sun.a) moved b) moves c) move d) will move9- .........you visit your aunt every Friday?a) Are b) Have c) Do d) Did10-........do you go to the school library? - Twice a week.a) How many b) When c) How often d) How long11- He..........off his horse last Monday.a) falls b)fall c) fell d) falling12- We..........at the cinema a week ago.a) meet b) met c) had met d) meeting
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13-When I was on holiday, I........football every day.a) play b) played c) am playing d) would play.14-1..........hungry, so I ate some bread and cheese.a) am b) was c) have been d) will be15- He..........her a present when she left.a) gives b) will give c) gave d) has given16- How many pens..........he buy last night?a) did b) does c) do d) were17- My pen friend.........me any letters last week.a) hasn't sent b) didn't send c) doesn't send d) won't send18- We.........at the party last night.a) didn't b) weren't c) aren't d) wouldn't19- He.........at this school from 1996 to 2003.a) work b) has worked c) working d) worked20- When we were in Aswan, we.........the High Dam.a) visit b) visiting c) visits d) visited21- In the past, women used to.........clothes at the edge of the river.a) wash b) washed c) washing d) had washed 22- .........he see them yesterday?a) Did b)Do c) Was d) Does23- I............hear the door bell as I was sitting in the garden.a) don't b) didn't c) doesn't d) haven't24- This school.........three years ago.a) was built b) built c) builds d) was
building25- It ………. only once every 20 to 50 years in the western desert.rains rained has rained is raining26- When I was young, I used to ………….tennis every day.play plays playing played27- We …………fishing last week.go had gone were going went28- She ……….a new office yesterday.opened was opening has opened had opened29- Nurses …………. after patients in hospitals.look looks are looking are looked30- Ann ………………tea very often.isn’t drinking didn’t drink don’t drink doesn’t drink31- I always ………… silly mistakes when I’m taking an exam.makes make am making am made32-The earth …………….round the sun.go goes is going is gone)33-Dalia usually …………. tennis once or twice a week.play playing plays is playing34-She often ………… tired when she comes home.feels felt feeling is feeling
The Present Perfect Tense التام المضارع زمن
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A. Formation : have / has + P.P.
B. Indefinite time expressions :يأتى مع كلمات زمنية غير محددة just already lately )النفى ) recently today yet this week this yearever never since for this century up till nowuntil now so far over the years throughout ages على مر
العصور
already ………………………………………………………………………. تأتى فى االثبات و السؤال…………… The workers have already painted our house.
@ Have the workers already painted the house?Yet ........................................................................................... آخر السؤال بهل و آخر الجملة المنفية Has Samir bought a new jacket yet ?
No , Samir hasn't bought a new jacket yet.
Samir hasn't finished his work yet. ) he is still doing it(Ever ....................... تأتى فى السؤال الذى يسأل عن خبرة سابقة / و فى االثبات مع الصفات فى صيغة التفضيل Have you ever travelled abroad ?
It's the most interesting play I have ever seen .Never ...........................................................................تأتى فى الجملة اتفيد النفى بعد الفعل المساعد I have never travelled abroad .
C. Usage just: ) 1) A recently completedحدث انتهى حاال¾ او منذ فترة قصيرة مع ( - 1
action :
I have just finished my work. A present result of a past( 2 : - نتيجة حالية مترتبة على حدث وقع فى الماضى 2
action
I've lost my key. I can't open the door now.
3( An indefinite past time: 3-حدث وقع فى الماضى غير معلوم وقت حدوثه
@ I've bought a new car. ) no exact time )3( To emphasize numbers: 4- للتأكيد على رقم أو المحصلة النهائية لحدث
@ I've written ten letters.
@ I have been to London several times.
@ El_Zamalek has won the match against Al_Ahly by 2 to 1.
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since / for / agoA] One action :
) have / has ( + p.p since وقت محدد عبارة عن بداية الحدث) have / has ( + been + ing exact time
@ We haven't seen you since last Friday.
@ We have been living here since 1999 .
B] Two actions
ماضى بسيط Since مضارع تام / مضارع تام مستمر
@ Farid has made much progress since he followed my advice.
مدة زمنيةfor + period of time مضارع تام / مضارع تام مستمر
@ We haven't seen him for a week.
past simple ماضى بسيط --------------► ) durationمدة زمنية ) ago
@ They last met him three years ago.
: جاية اللى االستخدامات من ريس يا بالك خدSince :■ 2 o'clock / yesterday / Sunday / last week / May /winter/ 1990 / his birth / his death ■ lunch/ then/19th century /■ his childhood / that time/ the age of........
For :■ 3 years / 2 months / 5 days / ever/ more than....■ a long time / a short time / a day/ ages /■ an hour / half an hour / 6 hours /several hours /■ the last week.
Exercises based on grammar A) Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d :1( I first met her a long time.......................a. before b. ago c. yet d. for2( I enjoy playing football game. I..........................it every weekend .a. play b. am playing c. playing d. played3( We haven't seen him........................a. late b. later c. already d. lately4( It's years since we......................football .a. played b. have played c. have been
playing d. play
5( When I was young , 1 .....................by the sea .a. living b. have lived c. lived d. live6( He was listening carefully while they.....................the plan to him .a. explained b. were c. explaining d. explain
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explaining7( At the moment, they..........................in a very small flat.a. live b. lived c. are living d. living8( While I......................for the bus , I noticed a group of tourists listening to a guide . a. was waiting b. waited c. am waiting d. waiting9( I've wanted an assistant......................a long time .a. since b. when c. from d. for10( Heba always.......................off her computer the moment she finishes using it.a. switch b. switches c. switched d. switching11( This is the first time we......................to a theatre .a. had been b. have been c. went d. was going12( Now , the government......................a lot of schools in our country .a. builds b. is building c. building d. was building13( The girls haven't tidied this room......................a week .a. since b. for c. ago d. from14( The train..........................at 9.00 every morning .a. leave b. leaves c. left d. has left15( Osama.................a letter when his mother came home .a. writing b. is writing c. wrote d. was writing16( It's a month......................I last went to the club .a. since b. when c. ago d. for17( That boy talks too much . He...........................a. is always talking
b. always talk c. talks always d. always talking
18( I haven't seen my grandfather......................the summer.a. ago b. for c. since d. from19( While I.....................to school this morning, I met an old friend .a. is coming b. was coming c. coming d. come20( I..........................at a sports shop . It's a permanent job .a. work b. working c. worked d. am working21( My sister......................interested in swimming .a. is b. was c. had been d. has been22( I......................several jobs since I left school.a. had b. have c. have had d. had had23( My mother..........................the dinner now .a. cooks b. is cooked c. is cooking d. has cooked24( Osama was reading a story while Rania..................her homework.a. did b. do c. was doing d. does25( Look ! Our team..........................well, I think they will win .a. play b. plays c. is playing d. played26( Your younger brother Samy................very quiet recently . Is he OK?a. was b. has been c. had been d. will be27( The boys haven't eaten anything......................yesterday .a. for b. ago c. since d. at28( My brother became a teacher...................... 1994 .a. since b. in c. ago d. for29( A : Have Susan and Jehan ever met each other ? B : No , they have.........met each other.a. often b. frequently c. never d. seldom30( I'll sleep until my mother..........................me up .a. wake b. had waken c. wakes d. waked31) Yesterday , while I was walking in the park, I saw lots of children who.................football .
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a. have played b. were playing c. are playing d. played32( My mother......................the dinner now .a. cooks b. is cooked c. is cooking d. has cooked33( Throughout ages, man......................his environment unwisely.a. has used b. had used c. is using d. used34( The manager gave him permission half an hour.................... .a. since b. for c. ago d. then35( Up to now, they have not decided how to spend the weekend..............a. already b- just c. yet d- never36( So far, there ...................no life on the moon .a. is b. was c. had been d. has been37( My father.....................to London three years ago .a. traveled b. have
travelled c. is travelling d. travel
38( Look ! The children.................;.. hard , I think they will pass their exams .a. work b. were working c. are working d. working39( My car.........................at this moment.a. is being repaired
b. is repaired c. repairs d. was repaired
40( Scientists......................to find more sources of renewable energy .a. wants b. wanted c. want d. had wantedB. Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write them correctly :1. Amgad has gone to Italy for a month . His visit came to an end .2. While we spoke , the mobile phone rang .3. Ahmed Shawki writes some beautiful poetry .4. Just as they had lunch , a fire broke out.5. While I am travelling to Alex. , my car broke down .6. Noha used to working here .7. While the boys played , our neighbour shouted angrily at them .8. I haven't visited my aunt since a year.9. The sun is giving us heat and light.10. It was a week since I last ate meat.11. We occasionally travelled to Sohag to visit our aunt who lives there .12. The last time I sent Ali an e-mail, has been last January .13. Azmi arrived at school late every day , so the teacher is always angry with him .14. I used to smoking a lot.15. After I am cleaning the flat, I'll go shopping .16. I have ever been to Sinai before ,17. Amal has not gone swimming for we were in Alex .18. I last slept two days before .19- It's three years for I last saw Mona . 20. Trees are giving us oxygen .21. My father's first story is published in 2000 .22. I've yet visited Britain .23. Mona has lived when her childhood .24. I haven't finished doing the homework already .25. Pupils went to school to learn .
Additional Exercises
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1-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:1-A long time has passed …………… I saw him.a) as long as b) because c) since d) until2-I ……………….. a book when somebody knocked on the door.a) read b) has read c) am reading d) was reading3-We ……………… our old friends for a year. They are too busy.a) haven't been met b) hadn't met c) didn't meet d) haven't met4-………………… people should work in their 70s or 80s?a) Are you thinking b) You are thinking c) Do you thinking d) Do you think5-At the moment, I ………… research on a computer program for an Australian company.a) do b) am doing c) have done d) was doing.6-I ……………… to be a doctor since I was ten.a) wanted b) was wanting c) have wanted d) want7-When I was eight, I ………….. a program about a famous Egyptian doctor on television.a) saw b) have seen c) was seeing d) was seen8-We ……………… a card for my brother. Do you want to help?a) make b) are making c) were making d) had made9- We ……… a meeting at work this morning when suddenly all the lights went out.a) having b) had had c) have had d) were having10- At the moment she ……………….. to be a primary school teacher.a) trains b) was training c) is training d) has trained 11- Since I started the job two years ago, I …… important people from all over the world.a) have wanted b) had wanted c) wanted d) wanting12- Heba ……………… at a large tour company as an accountant.a) work b) works c) working d) to work13- I ………………. my homework while my brother was watching television.a) doing b) have done c) was doing d) had done14- It …………………… often rain in Egypt. a) doesn't b) isn't c) won't d) wasn't15- I first …………… my best friend when we were both about 3 years old.a) meet b) have met c) met d) meeting16- What …………………… at 3 o'clock yesterday?a) were you done b) were you doing c) you were doing d) do you do17- My mother was cooking dinner when I …………….. home.a) had arrived b) was arriving c) have arrived d) arrived18- My uncle …………….. to Germany lately.a) is b) will be c) has been d) is being19- You look pale. ……………………… to you?a) Has anything happened b) Will anything happenc) Had anything happened d) Was anything happening20- I said "Hello" to my uncle, but he couldn't hear me because he ………….. to the radio.a) has listened b) was listening c) is listening d) would listen
2-Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- I only buy my new camera last week.2- I've already taking 300 photos with my new camera.
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3- My father work in a bank in the city centre.4- He has worked in a bank since 15 years.5- My company has an important meeting last month.6- I fell asleep while I watched a film on television.7- At the moment we are done a history project at school.8- It usually is hot and sunny in Egypt.
Reading Passages 2:Gulliver's voyage to Lilliput
After a storm at the sea, Lemuel Gulliver, a ship's doctor, is shipwrecked on
the island of Lilliput. The people of Lilliput are only 15 centimetres tall so they
think Gulliver is a giant sent by their enemies from the neighbouring island of
Belfusco. They are frightened , so they capture him and tie him to the ground
description وصف beat = defeat على / يفوز يهزمdescribe يصف sail يبحرgovern يحكم foreigner )n) أجنبىpower / سلطة قوة steal يسرقprint يطبع theft سرقةcontain على يحتوى sink / sank /
sunk/ يغرق يغوص
realise يدرك hit , hit , hit يضرب بـ يصطدم /discuss يناقش iceberg جليدى جبلflat / مسطحة مستوية forgive ,
forgave / يصفح يسامح
عنstring modest / دوبارة خيط متواضعrope حبل proposal اقتراحwithin خالل / فى فى tale حكايةboiled مغلى tub حوضadventure مغامرة islanders الجزيرة أهلcharacter شخصية probably المحتمل منargument include جدل / يشمل يتضمنscared مرعوب opposite / مقابل عكسunlike من النقيض على diary / يومية مفكرة
يومياتcruel قاسى suffer يعانىvindictive محب/ حقود
لإلنتقامanger غضب
Prepositions, Idioms & Expressionshear of / about عن يسمع tie to بـ يربطhear from من أخبار يتلقى stop … from + v. +ing من ...... يمنعfind answers to على اجابات يجد tell a story قصة يحكىbelong to الى يخص / ينتمى fight against ضد يقاتلwork in politics بالسياسة يعمل different from عن مختلفbecome a success ناجحا يصبح laugh at من يسخرcommentary on على تعليق reward …. for على ..... يكافئcomment on على يعلق win a war الحرب فى ينتصرthink of / about فى يفكر lose a war الحرب يخسرgive a ring بـ يتصل attach …. with باستخدام يربطspeak for عن نيابة يتحدث get upset about يتضايق / ينزعج
بشأنconcerned about على قلق at the age of سن فىconcerned with بـ مهتم argue about بشأن يجادل
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opinion on / about فى رأى agree with مع شخص ) ( يتفقmake available for لـ / يوفر لـ يتيح disagree about بشأن يختلفfind out about عن يعرف frightened of من خائفearn money المال يكتسب get into trouble متعب فى يدخلearn his living رزقه يكسب answer the phone التليفون على يردhave a shower حمام يأخذ at sea البحر فىcatch the train بالقطار يلحق on the island الجزيرة علىmiss the train القطار يفوته famous for بـ مشهورfall off a bicycle دراجة على من يسقط at that time الوقت ذلك /فى
العصر on his journey رحلته فى by sea ¾ بحراcruel to مع قاسى by the sea البحر بجوارattach ... with بـ ......... ..... يلحق fall over أرضا ي يقع/ سقط
فوق منknow about عن يعرف find out يكتشف escape from من يهرب match ....with ....... مع ....... يوفقtalk about عن يتحدث opinion of / about فى رأى
Exercises based on Vocabulary A. Choose the correct answer from a , b , c or d : 1) What do you think..................Gulliver's Travels ?a. of b. for c. from d. on2) Please ,..................me a ring when you finish your work .a. make b. take c. give d. send3) Jonathan Swift is the.................. of Gulliver's Travels . He wrote it in 1726a. reader b. author c. programmer d. director4) This old car..................to my grandfather.a. related b. owned c. possessed d. belonged5) Jonathan Swift found work in England..................a secretary .a. such as b. such c. as d. like6) You can do this job...................a. later b. lately c. latter d. late7) I have a..................of web pages for you to look at.a. team b. party c. list d. circle8) Some people see Gulliver's Travels as the first............... fiction novel.a. scientist b. science c. scientific d. scientifically9) For some people , Gulliver's Travels was a clever commentary ...........the politics of the day .a. of b. in c. from d. on10) Swift wrote other books , but none .................. as successful as Gulliver's Travels . a. was b. is c. were d. are11) A......................is someone who represents his own country in another country . a. sportsman b. reformer c. diplomat d. spokesman12) Can you tell me the reasons................you've sold your old car ?a- for b. of c. why d. what13)...................people are able to think of new and interesting ideas .a. Imagine b. Imaginative c. Imagination d. Imaginary14) You can have a look at any of these web pages if you are interested .............. knowing more about the author of Gulliver's Travels.a. in b. on c. of d. from15) To ................a book is to print it and make it available for the public.a. publish b. write c. sell d. buy16) What's your opinion......................my new DVD ?
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a. for b. on c. of d. from17) Could I......................your DVD when you have finished ?a. lend b. borrow c. loan d. invest 18) If you need to remember a date , write it in your.......................a. diary b. dairy c. dial d. drill19) Maged fell...................... his bicycle and broke his leg .a. over b. on c. off d. away20) Although my friend works hard , he doesn't ................ much money.a. gain b. earn c. lose d. form21) I tried hard to ...................my mother last night but she didn't answer my phone .a. contract b. contain c. construct d. contact22) My uncle.......................his company at a lot of conferences.a. represents b. presents c. shows d. attends23) Scientists are sure that they won't lose their fight...............bird flu.a. for b. without c. from d. against24) The murderer was.................. as soon as he reached the airport.a. honoured b. rewarded c. captured d. appointed25) Will you.................me you won't be late again ?a. see b. promise c. say d. remark26) What a..................suggestion! It doesn't appeal to me at all.a. valuable b. ridiculous c. worthy d. trust-worthy27) Don't forget to...................this label to your suitcase.a. leak b. lay c. lie d. tie28) The captain......................his ship safely past the rocks.a. drove b. sailed c. flew d. cycled29) We all should be aware of the aggressive attitudes of our..............a. friends b. companions c. aliens d. enemies30) I can't find my driving licence anywhere. I think someone must have....................it.a. stolen b. saved c. protected d. robbed31) Egypt and Libya are..................... countries. They are next to each other.a. distant b. isolated c. neighbouring d. remote32) The strong wind was the cause of that tree to fall...................a. away b. through c. on d. over33) It's a bad thing to......................fun of poor people .a. take b. make c. give d. show34) The Titanic sank on its first....................after it hit an iceberg.a. trip b. voyage c. walk d. flight35) The teacher................Maher because he thought he had enough punishment.a. forgave b. tortured c. hurt d.reproached36) Swift is from Ireland. His....................is Irish.a. religion b. fame c. nationality d. belief37) Getting into the class without permission made the teacher.............a. anger b. angered c. angrily d. angry38) Gulliver felt scared when he arrived...................Brobdingnag .a. at b. by c. on d. in39) Some young men managed to tie the thief to the....................a. sky b. ground c. roof d. cloud40) The only way to reach................is to go there by boat or by ship .a. a village b. a town c. an island d. a country41) A......................is written opinions and descriptions of a subject.a. commentary b. scenario c. file d. serial42) I'm working hard because I want to get a high...............in the test.a. make b. marquee c. sign d. mark43) I ran fast, however I...................the train .
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a. caught b. missed c. found d. got on44)" Gulliver's Travels " is a science fiction .....................a. dream b. mail c. letter d. novel45) To find.............about the author of this novel, just read this book .a. on b. in c. out d. at46) In the past, people believed that the earth was flat. What............. idea !a. an exciting b. a ridiculous c. an excited d. a wonderful47) How......................were the people of Brobdingnag ?a. tall b. long c. high d. deep48) You can find the information you want....................the internet.a. down b. out c. on d. in49) It is a good thing to reward our friends for helping us to.............. our war.a. lose b. win c. defeat d. beat50) The prisoner managed to...............to Turkey and he sailed home .a. arrest b. capture c. detain d. escapeB. Find the mistake in each of the following sentences , then write them correctly :1. Swift started to write while he was working such as a secretary .2. I'm interested on finding more information about Swift.3. Hany will look for another job to gain more money ,4. Don't make noise while the baby is sleep .5. I don't agree on the idea of punishing pupils physically at schooj .6. Gulliver helped the people of Lilliput to lose their enemies .7. Adel was very angry , someone robbed his wallet.8. The King of Lilliput rewarded Gulliver for helping him to lose his war.9. The people of Lilliput are only 15 Cm high . 10. Swift was making funny of European politics .
Additional Exercises Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1-I can't think of an ………………….. for the team playing so badly.a) explanation b) exploration c) examination d) example2-Gulliver's Travels was …………….. in 1726.a) announced b) advertised c) grown d) declared3-Gulliver's Travels is thought be a clever …………… on political situation in Europe.a) discovery b) remark c) reward d) commentary4-When I was a child, I couldn't think of interesting ideas, so my stories weren't very ……… .a) imaginative b) imaginary c) image d) imagination5-………………….. are meeting to discuss the relations between the two countries.a) Politics b) Politicians c) Diplomats d) Diplomas6-Winston Churchill was a famous British ………… who was once a prime minister.a) director b) politician c) secretary d) manager7-As soon as Gulliver's Travels was published, it was a great …………………….a) succeed b) successful c) succeeding d) success 8-I'll .............. you a ring when I've finished the book.a) make b) do c) give d) take9-I fell …………… my bicycle while I was going round a corner.a) down b) over c) up d) off10-The Titanic sank on its first ……………… after it hit an iceberg.a) voyage b) journey c) flight d) picnic11-It is always wrong to ……………… things that belong to other people.a) hit b) steal c) rob d) escape12-Children get upset if their friends ……………….. them.a) make up for b) make up c) make fun of d) make out13-Egypt and Libya are ……………………… countries.a) neighbouring b) neighbour c) neighbourhood d) neighbours
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14-You should ……………… that plant to the wall to stop it from falling over.a) relate b) lie c) tie d) lay15- In a dictionary, the letter V ………… the word verb.a) presents b) reserves c) preserves d) represents16-A ………… is a person who is employed by a government to live in another country to speak for the government.a) politician b) diplomat c) writer d) lawyer17-In the past, some people believed the earth was flat. What a …………… idea!a) ridiculous b) true c) reasonable d) logical18-A ……………….. is a person who works in politics.a) magician b) musician c) diplomat d) politician19-Swift makes fun of the ridiculous things politicians ………….. about.a) agree b) argue c) fight d) stand 20-She has blue eyes and yellow hair ……………… her other sisters.a) whereas b) from c) unlike d) despite21-A …………………… is written opinions about and descriptions of a subject.a) commentary b) representation c) commentator d) community22-The police found the ………………… car 50 kilometers from where it was taken.a) steal b) stealing c) stole d) stolen23-A …………… is someone who prints something and makes it available for people.a) commentator b) reporter c) publisher d) writer24-………………… is a long journey on a ship.a) An adventure b) A safari c) A voyage d) A tour25-We are going a long way ahead; let's wait for ………….. to catch up with us.a) the others b) others c) other d) another26-The company …………….. him for all his hard work and honesty.a) rewarded b) congratulated c) helped d) laughed27-My birthday is ……………….. the 17th of October.a) in b) on c) at d) by28-We should do our best to …………… our living.a) win b) gain c) conquer d) earn29-Two of the soldiers were killed and the rest were ………………. .a) captured b) lived c) stayed d) fascinated30-The teacher …………… the class by giving them extra work.a) hurt b) talked to c) punished d) rewarded31-I can't go into work looking like this - everyone will laugh …………… me.a) at b) of c) from d) with32-I can ………………… people's faces, but not their names.a) remind b) call c) remember d) memory33-I tried to ………………… him at his office, but he wasn't in.a) communicate b) connect c) tie d) contact34-Would you mind ………………… the radio down?a) turn b) turning c) turned d) to turn35-He was a young sailor ……………… his first sea voyage.a) in b) at c) on d) with36-He decided to stay in Cairo for ……………… three weeks.a) the others b) others c) other d) another37-Many shops don't open ……………… Sundays.a) in b) at c) on d) of38-She ……………….. terribly in the winter when it's cold and her joints get stiff.a) laughs b) suffers c) talks d) speaks39-The credit card company pays for the things you buy and sends you a bill ……..… the end of the montha) in b) for c) at d) to
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40-Gangs ……………….. passengers on overnight trains.a) steal b) take c) stay d) rob Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1-You should not ridiculous people who have different ideas from you.2-She's always full of imagination ideas.3-It's an honour for an athlete to representation his or her country.4-Swift was born in Dublin, the larger city in Ireland.5-Ireland belonged from Britain.6-Gulliver's Travels were published in 1726.7-Swift was born on 1775 at the age of 78.8-He wrote another famous books.9-It's very funny to reading Gulliver's Travels.10-In Gulliver's Travels, Swift is making funny of European politics.11-He found work in England as a secretary to a tired diplomat.12-Gulliver's Travels is seen as the first science faction novel.
Language FocusLinking words )Conjunctions) الروابط
1- Linkers of addition اإلضافة روابطأكثر. أو فكرتين ربط فى تستخدم روابط هى و
and: (فعلين أو اسمين تربط) العطف اوو-We went to the market. We went to the zoo. )and(………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. - They captured Gulliver. They tied him to the ground. )and(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Besides + v. + ing: باالضافة الى- She cooked for twenty people. She did the washing up. )Besides(
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
In addition to + v. + ing: باالضافة الى - We went to the market. We went to the zoo. )In addition to(
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
In addition + جملة : - We went to the market. We went to the zoo. In addition(
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
As well as + v. + ing : الفاعل واحد فى الجملتين(باإلضافة إلى( - We went to the market. We went to the zoo. )As well as(
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
استخدمت اذا as well as الفاعل يتبع الفعل فان ، الفاعل فيهما يختلف جملتين ربط في يلى. كما الجملة ترتيب يكون األول
1 فاعل + as well as + األولى الجملة باقى + 2 فاعل-I have a car. He has a car. )as well as(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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تربط as well asحذف مع الصفتين أو المفعولين بين توضع و مختلفين صفتين أو مفعولين الثانية. الجملة من المتشابهة الكلمات
- Hala plays the guitar. She plays the piano. )as well as(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
- Rania is talented موهوبة. She is beautiful. )as well as(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
not only …………., but also ……….……: ليس فقط ... و لكن أيضا not only …… .….., but …….….. as well: ليس فقط ..... و لكن أيضا
تأتى not onlyاألولى. الجملة فى المساعد الفعل بعد أو األساسى الفعل قبل-We went to the market. We went to the zoo. )not only(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
بـ بدأنا إذاNot only سؤال. شكل على األولى الجملة تكون-We went to the market. We went to the zoo. )Not only……(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
ربطت إذا Not only……but also..… الثانى. الفاعل يتبع الفعل فان مختلفين فاعلين-Tom plays music. His brothers play music. )Not only…..(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2- Linkers of Cause السبب على الدالة الروابط
Because / As / Since + بعدها و النتيجة جملة قبلها )يأتى ألن: جملة السبب( جملة
- He missed the bus. He was late for work. )because(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….-He had no money. He couldn’t buy a bicycle. )Since / As(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Due to / Owing to
Because of / Through + v. + ing / بسبب : اسم + صفة / اسم On account of / thanks to
تستخدم v + ing الجملتين في واحد الفاعل كان إذا -We lost the match. We played badly. )due to(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….-We lost the game. We played badly. )through(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….-We didn’t play the match. The weather was bad. )owing to(………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. - He went to the doctor because he was ill. )because of(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
له المضاف الفعل ing باستخدام ينفي not :قبله- He couldn't pay his debts. He didn't have any money. )due to(
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Being + adj. صفة : -He went to the doctor because he was ill. )Being(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3- Linkers of Result نتيجةال على الدالة الروابط Therefore و لهذا السبب - consequently / as a result : نتيجة لذلك That’s why و لهذا السبب - So لذلك :
النتيجة جملة بعدها و السبب جملة قبلها يأتى و-I got a good degree. I didn’t have difficulty getting a job. )therefore / so(
I got a good degree, therefore I didn’t have difficulty getting a job. I got a good degree, so I didn’t have difficulty getting a job.
-I felt ill. I went to bed. )That’s why/ consequently( I felt ill. That’s why I went to bed. I felt ill, consequently I went to bed.
4- Linkers of Contrast التناقض على الدالة الروابط Although / Though / Even though / Even if + جملةبالرغم من: However + بالرغم من :فعل + فاعل + ظرف / صفةبالرغم من: فعل + فاعل + as + ظرف / صفة
-He is young. He is strong. )Although / However / Young(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
مع الجمل ترتيب الحظ although / though / even though المتوقع رغي الحدث أن حيث He is strong هو المتوقع غير الحدث أن نجد السابق المثال في و .الثانية الجملة في يأتي
Whatever + اسم / فعل + فاعل + مفعول + v. to be / بالرغم من : اسم -He makes mistakes. I respect him. )Whatever(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Whoever + فعل , Sentence أيا¾ كان
Whoever phones, say I'm out.but و لكن / however و مع ذلك / yet و مع ذلك :
- He is young. He is strong. )however / but(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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In spite of / Despite + v. + ing / من بالرغم :اسم + صفة / اسم In spite of / Despite + the fact that + جملة : - He was ill. He passed the exam. )Despite / In spite of(
5- Linkers of Condition الشرط على الدالة الروابط Unless + )…….. ما لم : جملة (فاعل + فعل مثبت= If +)…….. إذا :جملة (فاعل + فعل منفى
-He won’t go to sleep unless you tell him a story. )if(……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6 - Linkers of Time الزمن على الدالة الروابطWhile بينما - While )I was( reading the newspaper, I fell asleep.when عندما - When I got home, I did my homework.
as soon as بمجرد أن - As soon as I saw it, I wanted to buy it.
before: قيل - Before I went to bed, I phoned my friend.
بعد جاء األول الحدث أن السابقة الجمل في الحظ when / as soon asالثاني الحدث وأن before بعد جاء
Exercises based on grammar A) Choose the correct answer from a , b, c or d :1) While reading the newspaper, I.........................asleep .a) had fallen b) have fallen ) was falling ) fell2) Fady doesn't look happy.....................I'm sure he passed the exam .a) because b because of c) although d) despite3) I won't go to the cinema ..........................not going with me .a) provided b) as long as c) if d) in case of4) I've heard of Jonathan Swift..........................,I didn't know he wrote Gulliver's Travels .a) Although b) However c) Because d) So5) .........................working as a politician , Swift was a churchman .a) As well as b) Because c) Although d) If6) They captured Gulliver.........................tied him to the ground .a) so b) when c) but d) and7) The match went ahead.........................the bad weather.a) but b) in spite of c) although d) yet8) The company had to change the plans...........................some unexpected problems. a) because b) as c) owing to d) since9) The bus won't stop.........................you wave to it.a) if b) unless c) though d) so10) .........................the cafe was crowded , we found a table .a) Whatever b) However c) Although d) Despite11) I'd like you to do exercise A.........................the composition .a) in addition to b) in addition c) as well d) but12) If Ramez gets up early , he.........................the morning train .a) would catch b) would have caught c) will catch d) might catch13) ......................you drive well, you won't get a licence .a) If b) In case c) As long as d) Unless
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14) Soha can't come in.........................the door is locked .a) due to b) because c) though d) because of15) .........................his cleverness, he failed the exam.a) Though b) However c) Despite d) Although16) If you answer well, you......................... a reward .a) would get b) wouldn't get c) will get d) won't get17) A number of people have come to the party.........................Amr and Alaa .a) beside b) in addition c) so d) besides18) Wael, as well as all his friends ,.........................clever.a) are b) is c) were d) am19) Take this medicine......................... you feel tired .a) if b) unless c) in case of d) without20) I was cautious ,.........................I was taken in by his tricks .a) although b) in spite of c) however d) though21)......................her qualifications, she was not accepted for the job .a) In spite of b) Although c) Though d) But22) Don't leave the building.........................I tell you .a) if b) unless c) in case of d) without23) I went to live in the town.........................I could get a job .a) in order to b) because c) to d) so that24)..........................poor he was , he was always neatly dressed .a) Though b) But c) However d) Whatever25) The baby won't sleep unless you.........................him a story .a) told b) tells c) tell d) telling26) We couldn't see last night's lunar eclipse.......................the heavy clouds .a) owing to b) because c) as d) but27) Baher.........................the university unless he gets high marks .a) wouldn't join b) won't join c) will join d) may join28) .....................Heba was frightened, she went out alone late at night.a) Even though b) However c) Because d) As29) Intelligent.........................he is , he finds it difficult to express his ideas in writing.a) however b) but c) as d) so30) If you.........................to fail, study hard .a) doesn't want b) don't want c) won't want d) didn't want31) I was feeling awful.........................I had to go outside .a) although b) so c) but d) because32) The teacher may punish you........................arriving late at school.a) if b) in case of c) in case d) unless33) ....................quickly he runs , he can't catch the train .a) However b) As c) Although d) Despite34) .........................not having a ticket, you won't be admitted .a) Unless b) If c) Without d) In case of35) You.........................mistakes if you are careful.a) will make b) won't make c) would make d) wouldn't makeB. Find the mistake in each of the following sentences , then write them correctly :1) Lazy however he is , he gets high marks .2) I wouldn't go on holiday if I don't have enough money .3) Because of they are farmers , they have to get up early .4) It was midday although I turned on the light.5) If you are leaving now , you'd be able to attend the first lecture .6) Despite he was tired , the noise kept him awake all night.7) Your English will get better in case you have some courses in English .8) As the film was interesting , I didn't enjoy it.
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9) You can't get a room in the hotel unless you had a reservation .10) I felt unwell therefore I stayed up late last night.11) Unless taking the medicine properly , your cough will get worse .12) It was cold , because I turned the heating on .13) You can't drive a car because you've got a licence .14) However he is weak , he can carry this heavy bag .15) Unless you were patient, you won't be an efficient teacher. '16) Though familiar his face looked, I couldn't remember meeting him before.17) He ran out of money, but he had to look for a job.18) You could see me easily due to I was wearing a red jumper.19) This man didn't have any talent although he became a popular TV personality.20) Don't leave the computer on for so long if you are using it.
Additional Exercises Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:
1-…………………… the man was very sick, he didn't see the doctor.a) As b) So c) Unless d) Although2-As well as ……………….. a writer, he was a politician.a) be b) being c) is d) is being3-I'm not very good at sports, ………………… I can swim very well.a) despite b) however c) because d) whatever4-The captain as well as the sailors …………… responsible for what had happened.a) was b) were c) have been d) are5-He won’t do any work for you ………………….. you pay him.a) if b) so c) unless d) as long as6-He didn’t expect to win, …………… he was delighted when he got the gold medal.a) so b) because c) as d) but7-He didn’t come to school ……………… he was ill.a) because b) because of c) although d) but8-We had to change the plans ……………… problems we hadn’t expected.a) because b) so c) as d) owing to9-He says he likes sports. ……………………….. he only watches it on TV.a) Despite b) Although c) As d) However10-I fell asleep ……………… I was watching a long film. a) although b) if c) while d) because11-I like reading novels, ………………… I don't have time. a) but b) if c) because d) although12- ……………… I was crossing to school today, I saw an accident.a) After b) Although c) while d) As soon as13-……………… my brother works very hard, he doesn't earn much money.a) As b) Although c) So d) As soon as14-……………….. you need to remember a date, write it in your diary.a) If b) Although c) Unless d) Despite15-He thought he would miss the train, ……………….. it was late, so he caught it.a) because b) because of c) although d) but16- ……………… he ran as fast as he could, he was only third in the race.a) If b) Although c) Unless d) Despite17- …………….. they were having breakfast, the phone rang six times.a) As b) Although c) while d) As soon as18- I'd like to see the new film, …………… none of my friends wants to go with me.a) because b) because of c) although d) but19- ……………… you don't like hot weather, don't come to Egypt in July.a) If b) Although c) Unless d) Despite
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20- ………………… I got home, I did my homework.a) As b) Although c) while d) As soon as21- She speaks English ……………….. French.a) as b) as well c) well d) and22- Not only ……………………… up late, but also he forgot his books.a) he turned b) did he turn c) turned he d) turned 23- I went there …………………. I was a child.a) when b) before c) as soon d) although24- He managed to eat a big lunch …………… having eaten an enormous breakfast.a) because b) because of c) although d) despite25- She walked home by herself …………… she knew that it was dangerous.a) because b) because of c) although d) despite Find the mistake in each of the following sentences then write it correctly: 1-Last week, as well as we went to the club, we went to the cinema.2-He had to apologize owing to he made a shameful mistake.3-They didn't play the match through of the bad weather.4-As well as she studied hard, she played tennis regularly.5-I like most school subjects because I don't like physics.6-As soon as seeing the accident, I called the police.7-However the box was heavy, he could carry it.8-Because they played very well, they lost the match.9-Ali as well as his friends are going to the concert 10- Not only he hit the man’s car but also he called him bad names. 11- Swift was a politician as well as a churchman.
