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AMYNABAD BOY SCOUTS UNIT
All the facts and data are as of 17th March 2018 and may change in the
future
PROFICIENCY BADGE-FIRST AID
(IBTIDAI TIBBI IMDAD)
COURSE OUTLINE
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FIRST AID
Help given to a wounded person, to save someone’s life, to reduce pain or the help given to
suddenly ill person till the doctor arrives is called first aid
GOOD FIRST AIDER
Be prepared by regular trainings and practice
Be a good observer
Should know how to cure using available resources
Be friendly and keep the condition under control
Motivate the patient to relax him
Keep yourself cool
Be quick in action
Have good communication skills
PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID
Don’t consider yourself a doctor. You are there to help not for treatment
Call doctor or ambulance immediately in case of big incidents
Don’t panic but motivate
Try to stop bleeding as much as possible
Don’t waste time to recover patient’s breath.
If patient’s face turns yellow, don’t move his head
Cover the patient with any blanket, cloth or shirt
Prevent the injury or illness from becoming worse
TRIANGULAR BANDAGES
Easiest bandages
Take a 1 square meter cloth and join opposing end and cut in two
Don’t tie bandages loose, they are of no use
Don’t tighten it that much that it stops blood flow
FOLDS - Open Bandages:- Head, chest, hand, legs, knee, shoulder - Broad fold Bandages:- Small/Half sling, lower part of leg, arm - Narrow fold Bandages:- Splints, Stop blood flow
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1. Small/Half & Large/Full Arm Sling 2. Scalp Bandage 3. Knee Bandage 4. Foot Bandage 5. Hand Bandage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1WXK405Ges
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z1WXK405Ges
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TRANSPORT OF CASUALITIES
ONE PERSON AVAILABLE
JHULA
When patient is light.
INSAANI BHESAKI
Put one hand round the back of patient and put his hand round your neck and hold his hand
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TWO PERSONS AVAILABLE
CHAAR HAATHON KI NISHT(SEAT OF FOUR HANDS)
When the patient is able to hold any of the helper.
TEEN HATHON KI NISHT ( SEAT OF THREE HANDS)
When patient’s one hand is not injured and his leg requires support
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DO HATHON KI NISHT (SEAT OF TWO HANDS)
When the patient cannot hold any of the helper
AAGE PECHE HOKAR UTHANA
When the road is narrow and patient cannot be transported by seat of hands
STRETCHERS
Easy and secure
IMPROVISED (KHUD SAKHTA) STRETCHER
Insert two coats or shirts into two parallel wood pieces.Keep the shirts in oppsite direction. Sack, sheet or carpet can also be used
Normally the legs are in front except when:-
- If lower parts are not injured and you are climbing mountains, head in front - If lower parts are injured and you are coming down a high place, head in
front
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ANIMAL BITES
Never lick the wound, poison can enter your body
1) HONEY BEE
To reduce pain and swelling, rub ice in cloth and ammonia, Potassium Per magnate
Remove the sting by pin by pressing the wound
2) WASP
Remove the sting by your nail. Apply ice and ammonia
3) SNAKE
Relax the patient
Try to suck out the venom if possible
Tie a handkerchief above the affected area so the poison does not reach the other parts
4) SCORPION
Same as snake bite
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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
First you breathe air in through your nose and mouth.
Then the air travels through your voice box, down your windpipe, and though two
bronchii (bronchial tubes) into your lungs.
Cilia, tiny mucous-covered hairs, in your airways trap foreign particles and germs to
filter the air that you breathe.
The diaphragm, abdominal muscles, and other muscles help your lungs expand and
contract so you can inhale and exhale.
When you inhale, the air goes through the bronchii in your lungs to blood vessels that
connect to veins and arteries. These veins and arteries carry the blood throughout your
body.
When you exhale, the carbon dioxide goes out the same way, exiting your body
through your nose and mouth
RESCUE BREATHING [Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)]
When heart is beating but the person is not breathing
Artificial Respiration
TYPES
1) SCHAFFER METHOD
The patient should be laid on the abdomen, one arm extended directly overhead, the other
arm bent at the elbow, and with the face resting on the hand or the forearm so that the
nose and mouth are free for breathing
The resuscitator should kneel. The palms of the hands should be placed on the small
of the back with the fingers resting on the ribs, the little finger just touching the lowest
rib, the thumb alongside the fingers
This operation, which should take from two to three seconds. The lower part of the chest
and also the abdomen are thus compressed, and the air is forced out of the lungs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mG-I_E8M9g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mG-I_E8M9g
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2) SILVESTER METHOD
Draw his arm over his head until horizontal, retaining them for two seconds. Next, bring
the victim’s arms down on each side of his chest and pressing inwards upon it. Leaning
upon his arm so as to compress his chest. Remain in his position for two seconds and then
again keep repeating the two motions at the same rate.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYqiv-U8Ag
3) MOUTH TO MOUTH AND NOSE
First tilt the head of the person back with the help of your hands. Place your hand on the
forehead and with the other hand’s two fingers lift the victim’s chin.
Check for any kind of obstruction, especially in the airway of the victim.
Close the victim’s nose with a pinch and take a deep breath. Seal your lips on the mouth of
the victim and breathe into it for many times. But do keep in mind to pause after every
exhalation and the inhale.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JUoHmTfymM
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
The circulatory system is composed of the heart and blood vessels, including arteries,
veins, and capillaries. Our bodies actually have two circulatory systems: The pulmonary
circulation is a short loop from the heart to the lungs and back again, and the systemic
circulation (the system we usually think of as our circulatory system) sends blood from
the heart to all the other parts of our bodies and back again.
The heart is the key organ in the circulatory system. As a hollow, muscular pump, its main
function is to propel blood throughout the body.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mYqiv-U8Aghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JUoHmTfymM
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BLEEDING
1) BLEEDING THROUGH ARTERY
Bright red blood
If artery is near the skin, blood spurt with each heart beat
Most serious
2) BLEEDING THROUGH VEINS
Red with bluish shade
Flows steadily
3) BLEEDING THROUGH CAPILLARIES
Red
Flows continuously
FIRST AID FOR BLEEDING
Elevate the affected part
Keep the wound away from clothes
Place a clean cloth on the affected area and apply direct pressure
Remove any external thing such as glass etc.
Dress the wound properly
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NOSE BLEEDING
Press the soft part of nose with your thumb and fingers
Ask the patient to breathe through mouth
Bend the patient’s face towards the ground to prevent blood from returning to the body back
Don’t let the patient touch or clean the nose for hour
PRESSURE POINTS
Point in the body where an artery near the skin surface passes close to bone against which it can be compressed to stop flow of blood
26 in number (13 on each side)
UNCONSCIOUSNESS
When the brain stops working
Help the patient to sit, bend forward etc.
Ask him to take deep breaths
Check whether there is no blockage in breathing
ELECTRIC SHOCK
Can lead to shocks and burning
Throw the patient away from electric source using wood, paper, cloth and wear rubber shoes and turn it off
Lay the patient down and cover him with warm blanket
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HEART ATTACK
A heart attack occurs when the blood flow that carries oxygen to the heart is blocked
Symptoms:- Chest pain, weakness, problem in breathing, cold sweat
Loosen the clothes
CPR
EPILEPSY
Can happen to infants, pregnant and epilepsy patients
Lay him down
Remove furniture and anything that may cause harm
Loosen the clothes
Don’t try to stop the patient from shaking
During shock don’t give any medicine or drink
Motivate and relax the patient
HOW TO SAVE SOMEONE FROM DROWNING
Swimming
Rope or wood
Bowline
Boat
Life jackets or tubes
BURNING
Can be caused by fire, chemicals or other burning items
In case of big accidents, blood loss, infections and shock may also happen
Apply cold water and then apply burnol/mustard oil(surso ka tail)/limestone water(choone ka paani)/coconut oil.Then dress the wound
Give the patient beverages so to prevent water shortage
Don’t :- - Try to remove anything attached or stuck to skin - Put oil or fat to affected area - Put cotton directly
SUNSTROKE (Loo Lagna)
When exposed to extreme heat
Cause unconsciousness, fever, fast pulse, low BP
Take the patient into shade
Apply ice
Give beverages but not more than a sip at a time
Remove/loosen clothes
Give shower
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STRUCTURE OF BONES OF BODY
Bones help to keep body straight
It protects internal organs from damage
206 bones
FRACTURE
A bone fracture is a medical condition in which there is a damage in the continuity of the
bone. A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal
trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones. It can affect
blood vessels, skin and internal organs. It can also cause infection and tear the skin and
emerge out of it
TYPES
1. SIMPLE BONE FRACTURE(Saada Haddi Tootna):- The breaking of bone does
not damage skin
2. COMPOUND FRACTURE(Markab Haddi Tootna):- An injury in which a broken
bone pierces the skin, causing a risk of infection or may forces itself into another
bone
3. GREENSTICK FRACTURE (Lachakdar Haddi Tootna):- Greenstick fractures
usually occur most often during infancy and childhood when bones are soft. The
bones crack while other part/bones become bent. The name is by analogy with
green (i.e. fresh) wood which similarly breaks on the outside when be
SYMPTOMS
The affected area becomes small as bones forces itself over other bone
The area looks curved/bent
If one part is moved, the other part does not moves by it
Extreme pain in the affected part and it swells
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WOUND ON HEAD
It can affect the brain, causing unconsciousness and slow pulse
Lean the wound, apply medicine
Make the patient lie down on back in such a position that his head is above the body
Apply cloth of cold water.
Call the doctor
Tie triangular bandage
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnuRVSkt5nM
BREAKING OF JAW BONE
Can break due to fight or falling down
Patient is not able to speak
Blood from gums
Tie TRIANGULAR BANDAGE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79G7UwYY-lc
BREAKING OF BACK BONE
Due to lifting heavy weights or falling on your back
Keep the patient warm
If doctor is not available, then tie bandages from both sides around natural bends of
body like neck, waist, knee
Join these bandages with a piece of wood from arm to toe
Take the patient to hospital using stretcher
BREAKING OF RIBS BONE
Normally the 6th, 7th or 8th rib bone breaks.
The edges of bones moves outwards damaging skin or inwards damaging the lungs. If
lower bones break it can damage liver
The patient may find hard breathing and blood turns bright red
First aid
(A) If internal organs are not damaged
Tie two wide bandages around chest with first one below the affected
area to give support
Tie a 8 inch wide towel around chest using safety pins
(B) If internal organs are affected
Don’t tie bandages around chest
Apply ice on the area and loosen the cloth
Tie the arm in Gil bandage
Take patient to doctor immediately
BREAKING OF THIGH BONE
Tie the both legs by bandage to keep legs straight
If doctor is not available,lay the patient in position he is relaxed
Tie splints as shown in picture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rnuRVSkt5nMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79G7UwYY-lc
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Similar splints will be used in breaking of hip bone, leg bone(Fibula & Tibia),
back bone.
JOINTS AND MUSCLES DISLOCATION
JOINT: where two or more bones meet
CARTILAGE: The bone who helps joint to move
MUSCLES: The meat/fat above the bone
DISLOCATION: When near a joint one or more bone leave their natural place
Symptoms
Pain near joint
Inability to move joint himself
Swelling
First Aid
Don’t try to treat the dislocation but give support
Apply ice or cold water
If coolness doesn’t provide relief, apply towel of hot water
SPRAINS (moch)
Mostly in legs and wrist
Internal injury, can’t be seen externally
Pain in joint
Change in colour and swelling
Don’t use that affected part
Apply warm water
Massage by Iodex and tie bandage
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First Aid Kit List:
1. Gauze Dressings 2. Triangular Bandages 3. Crepe Rolled Bandages 4. Safety Pins 5. Disposable Sterile Gloves 6. Scissors 7. Alcohol-Free Cleansing Wipes 8. Sticky Tape 9. Thermometer 10. Skin Rash Cream 11. Antiseptic Cream 12. Spray To Relieve Insect Bites 13. Cough Medicine 14. Dettol 15. Pyodine 16. Doctor Bandage 17. Sanitizer 18. Saniplast 19. Notepad And Pen
Emergency Contact Numbers
Ismaili Helpline 32250707 Aman Ambulance 1021 Chhipa Ambulance 1020 Rescue CDGK 1122 Bomb Disposal 39212690 KESC 118 SSGC 1199 Fire Brigade 16 Police 15 Jinnah Hospital 99223307 AKU Hospital 34930051 Liaqat Hospital 111-456-456
NOTE
Each scout should carry his own first aid box