PRESENTED BY: GROUP 4

MEMBERS

NELSON N-YANBINI NYABANYI

DANIEL AGYEI OFORI

MARTHA ASARE GYAMFI

ANTHONY SARFO KWABENA

1

PRESENTED BY GROUP 4

NELSON N-YANBINI NYABANYI

DANIEL OFORI AGYEI

ANTHONY SARFO KWABENA

MARTHA ASARE GYAMFI

PARTICIPATORY LAND USE PLANNING IN RURAL

COMMUNITIES

(ANINANGYA)

THEME

OBJECTIVES

To acquire the needed skills in assessing the adequacy of theinternal layouts of rural communities.

To become exposed to the nature and extent of problems in ourstudy area.

To enhance our understanding and ability to identify localgoals from existing developmental problems and priorities.

To help us prepare spatial and socio-economic plans to managethe growth and development of our study area.

4

METHODOLOGYIntroductory lecture

Literature review

Questionnaire and base map preparation

Physical Survey (Map updating, Building Classification, problemidentification, Infrastructure Survey)

Socio-economic Survey (administration of questionnaires)

Analysis of data needs assessment

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE EMPLOYED

•The Systematic Sampling technique was used for this survey.

•By this method, the Kth house= sample frame/ sample size. Where ,Sample frame is the total number of elements in the study area.

Sample size is also the selected elements upon which our analysis is based. It is equal to the number of questionnaires administered. Therefore,

93

30=3.1

•After the first house was chosen by simple random sample, the other houses were chosen with intervals of three.

6

PLANNING PROCESS

7

SURVEY AND PROBLEM

IDENTIFICATION

ANALYSIS OF DATA COLLECTED

NEEDS ASSESSEMENT

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

STRUCTURE & LOCAL PLAN

PREPARATION

PLAN IMPLEMENTATION

MONITORING AND EVALUATION

PLAN REVIEW AND REPLANNING

Source: Chadwick,1971 8

9

10

11

PROFILE OF ANINANGYA

12

13

14

FUNCTIONAL INTERRELATIONSHIP

COMMERCIAL

EDUCATIONAL EJISU

14

WORASO

Source: Field Survey-2014 Not Drawn To Scale

ANINANGYABODOMASE

KUMAWU

AGRICULTURE

CIVIC AND CULTURE

HEALTH

LEGEND

15

16

BODOMASE

OLD

ANINANGYA

REASONS FOR MOVEMENT

Demand for agricultural land

The need for convenience

REASONS FOR MOVEMENT

Settlement erosion

Steep slopes

SETLEMENT MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT

1614

1627

2014

17

18

LAND USE INVENTORYLAND USE BASE (2006) UPDATED

(2014)PERCENTAGE CHANGE (%)

REMARKS

Residential 11.6 Acres 32.3 Acres 64. 1 caused by population increase

Educational 0.2 Acres 0.75 Acres 73.3 more schools to cater for children’s educational needs

Civic & Culture 0.1 Acres 0.06 Acres 83.3 religious importance and establishment of churches

UndevelopedArea

18.1 Acres 36.1 Acres 46.9 Caused by population increase

Commercial 0.02Acres 0.13 Acres 84.6 To provide basic household needs (corner shops)

Sanitation 0.06Acres 0.23 Acres 17 To prevent outbreak of diseases and keep the community tidy.

Open space 1.3Acres 0.3Acres -76.9 increased population and households

Total Land Area 31.4 Acres 69.6 Acres

19Source: Field Survey-2014

20

HOUSING

21

CRITERIA 1st CLASS 2nd CLASS 3rd CLASS DELAPIDATED

WALLS Plastered and painted

Few cracks Not painted or plastered with cracks

Not painted nor plastered

FOUNDATION unexposed Unexposed exposed exposed

FACILITIES Availability of housing facilities

Availabilityof housing

facilities

Unavailability of

housing facilities

No facility

ROOFING Good condition Not leaking Leaking roofs

Leaking roofs

ENVIRONMENT Well kept environment

Neatsurroundings

Untidy untidy

22

TYPE OF HOUSE

TOTALDETACHED COMPOUNDAPARTMENT/

STOREYAGES OF HOUSES

11-20 yrs 2 0 0 2

21-30 yrs 4 4 1 9

31-40 yrs 3 7 0 10

above 40 4 6 0 10

Total 13 17 1 31

23Source: Field Survey-2014

24

58%

42%

aluminium iron

ROOFING MATERIALS

4548

7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

sandcrete landcrete others

Building Materials

TYPE OF BUILDING MATERIALS

PER

CEN

TAG

ES(1

00

)

25

HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION ANINANGYA KUMAWU DISTRICT

Total number of houses 93 _

The average household size 4.2 4.5

The average household per house

2.5 1.6

Average number of persons per room

2.1 _

Average number of habitable rooms

3.5 _

Number of habitable rooms occupied s

3.1 _

Number of persons per house 10.5 7.2

26

POPULATION GROWTH TREND

27Source: GSS, 2000, Field Survey-2014

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

1960 1980 2000 2020

YEARS

RA

TE

S

272

99

920

620 645

1970 1984 2000 2010 2014

Population Growth

P

O

P

U

L

A

T

I

O

N

YEAR

Growth Trend

DETAILED AGE-SEX STRUCTURE

28

Source: Field Survey-2014

ANINANGYA TIMATE

29

COMPRESSED AGE – SEX STRUCTURE

Age dependency ratio=age < 15 + age > 65

𝑎𝑔𝑒 15−65

Age dependency ratio= 1: 0.7

Economic dependency ratio=dependents

𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛= 1: 1.2

SEX RATIO: 0.9:1

30

71

39

107

1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

married single widowed divorced consensual

MARITAL STATUS

FR

EQ

UE

NC

Y

STATUS

31

N E V E R P R I M A R Y J H S S H S

2530.4

39

6.4

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

sex KG/Nursery

Primary JHS Total

Male 23 57 37 117

Female 19 52 24 95

Total 42 109 61 212

Majority of the people (39%)

attended education up to the

basic school level.

• Illiteracy rate =46141

∗ 100

=32.6%

NAME METHODIST BASIC

SCHOOL

TEACHER – PUPIL RATIO 1: 14

DROPOUT RATE 0.9% in 2013

CLASSROOMS 11

DESKS 221

Source: Field Survey-2014

RELIGION AND ETHNICITYTRIBE RELIGION TOTAL

CHRISTIAN TRADITIONALIST

ASHANTI 184 1 185OTHERAKAN

1 0 1

EWE 1 0 1TOTAL 186 1 187

34

33

HEALTH

HEALTHThere is no health facility in Aninangya, however they depend on the health Centre at Woraso. There are 14 workers in the facility. Nurse-patient ratio = 1:29

TOP FIVE DISEASES RECORDED FOR THE LAST THREE MONTHS

34

Disease Average nº of reported cases per month

Rank

Malaria 100 1Respiratory disease 82 2

Stomach disorder 80 3

Fever 60 4Anaemia 50 5

35

WATER AND SANITATION

WASTE DISPOSALMODE OF SOLID

WASTE DISPOSAL FREQUENCY PERCENTAGES

BURNING

1 3.2

DUMPSITE 29 93.5

INDISCRIMINATE

DUMPING

1 3.2

36

MODE OF LIQUID

WASTE DISPOSALKITCHEN

Total

Soak away Open surface Drains

BATH

ROOM

Soak away 2 9 0 11

Open surface 0 11 0 11

Drains 0 7 2 9

Total 2 27 2 31

LIGHTING

61%3%

36%

ELECTRICITY

CANDLE

TORCH

37Source: Field Survey-2014

PE

RC

EN

TA

GE

S

SOURCE

COOKING

16.0

78.0

6

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

CHARCOAL FIREWOOD GAS

IMPLICATIONS• As peasant farmers, amount spent

on electricity will negatively affecttheir income.

IMPLICATIONS• Considering the high number of people

depending on firewood as their energysource for cooking, there is likely to bedeforestation.

38

39

LOCAL ECONOMY OF ANINANGYA

40

Income Expenditure %

Salary 240.40 Food 18.00 5.9

Remittances 40.22 Clothing 36.90 12.1

Education 85.40 27.9

Health 18.20 6.0

Water - -

Energy 54.30 17.8

Transportation 40.15 13.2

Funeral 35.95 11.8

Communication 16.90 5.3

Total 280.62 Total 305.08 100

Income and expenditure of Aninangya

Employment and occupation

41

This implies that there will be

pressure on the working population

which is 46% as against 54%

unemployed.

Source: Field Survey-2014

54% of the working population are

agricultural producers, mainly crop farming.

Sales, services, artisan and pensioners

constitute 46%.

This implies that our policies should be

directed towards improving agricultural

production but not neglecting other sectors.

Agric Sales Services Artisan Pensioner

54

1813

8 7

OCCUPATION

54%46%

EMPLOYMENT STATUS

EMPLOYED

UNEMPLOYED

AGRICULTURE

42

• The average distance to the farm from the house is about 500-

800 meters

• The average farm size is 4.7 acres

• Major crops cultivated includes tomatoes, plantain, yam,

cocoyam, cocoa, maize etc.

• Mostly, farms are located outside the settlement.

• Average yield per season varies since there is no clear criteria

for measurement of their output

• No extension services.

• Market produce are mostly sent to the Bodomase and other

neighboring settlements or Kumasi at large.

• The major problem concerning agriculture in Aninangya has to

do with cost of production and the manipulation by Middle

men.

• Also, perishability of some produce in the area

43

LAND TENURE SYSTEM IN THE SETTLEMENT

The land ownership system in the community is generally the family type.

The chief holds the land in custody for his people. The land is leased for agricultural activities without payment for

natives. However the migrants pay a token between 1000 and 2000

Ghana cedis before they can use the land. As compared to the district where most of the land are Abusa. The owner lease the land to the farmer and when the farmer

harvest the produce he gives one third to the land owner and takes two third for himself.

47

POPULATION PROJECTION AND

NEEDS ASSESSMENT

45

POPULATION PROJECTION

46

POPULATION PROJECTION METHODS

PREFERED METHOD OF POPULATION PROJECTION

•The Mathematical method will be used and the exponential model

under the method is selected.

•The exponential method is given by the formula;

Pt = Po*ert. Where:

Pt = Population at the end of the period.

Po = Population at the beginning of the period.

r = Constant rate of change.

t = Inter-censal period.

e = constant exponential value (2.718)

47

POPULATION PROJECTION CONT’D

MERITS OF PREFERED METHOD

The method requires few data

It is easier and convenient to compute

It is the best method to use when at least twocensus years have been taken and there is no vitalregisters

This method is useful for projections on shortterm basis hence extrapolation over a five yearperiod makes it suitable.

It is a hybrid of the geometric and arithmeticmethods and corrects the anomalies of the methods.

48

POPULATION PROJECTION CONT’D

YEAR POPULATION

GROWTH

RATES

1970 272

1984 99 -0.07

2000 920 0.14

2010 620 -0.04

2014 645 0.01

YEA

R

LOW

(-0.07)

VARIANCE

MEDIUM

VARIANCE

(0.01)

HIGH

VARIANCE

(0.14)

2014 469 645 1085

2018 354 671 1899

2024 233 713 4399

49

Medium variance is chosen because the population

has been increasing at an decreasing rate over the

years.

50

HOUSING SECTOR CONT’DASSUMPTIONS

• Average number of habitable rooms will be continual

• Average of 2.6 houses per acre will be constant during the plan period

• Annual increment of houses will be constant (8 houses per year)

Year Population

Existing

Habitable

Rooms

Required

Habitable

Rooms

Surplus

Rooms

Habitable

2014 645 307 258 49

2016 658 307 263 50

2018 671 307 268 53

2020 685 307 274 52

2024 713 307 285 55

• Rehabilitation of dilapidated houses .

• We propose that, there should adequate maintenance culture by owners of these existing

houses.

51

EDUCATION

ASSUMPTIONS

• Existing number of schools will remain unchanged throughout the planning period

• Existing number of facilities will be held constant

STANDARDS

• Threshold = 5000 for Primary and up to 10000 for JHS

• Enrollment per class = 40

Facility Year PopulationExisting

Classrooms

Required

ClassroomsBacklog Surplus

Primary and

JHS

2014 212 11 11 - -

2015 216 11 11 - -

2016 221 11 11 - -

2018 225 11 11 - -

2024 234 11 11 - -

52

EDUCATION CONT’DFacility Year Population Existing Desks Required Desks Backlog Surplus

Primary and

Junior High

School

2014 212 221 106 - 115

2016 216 221 108 - 113

2018 221 221 111 - 110

2020 225 221 113 - 108

2024 234 221 117 - 104

INTERVENTIONS

• Organizing educational campaigns to encourage enrolment.

• The provision of well stocked library at the end of the planning

period.

• Encourage maintenance of facilities in the schools

53

HEALTH SECTOR

ASSUMPTIONS

• Existing number of health centers will remain unchanged

throughout the planning period

• Existing number of facilities will be held constant

• Staff of 14 will not change

STANDARDS

• Threshold = 10000

54

HEALTH SECTOR CONT’DMandatory basic facilities to be provided

Required Existing Backlog

Water and electricityWater and

electricity-

Dispensary Dispensary -

telephone - telephone

Kitchen and toilet Toilet Kitchen

Dressing room Dressing room -

Injection room Injection room -

Store and recovery rooms - Store and recovery rooms

Beds (15) Beds (20) -

Ambulance - Ambulance

Sanitary facilities - Sanitary facilities

1 consulting room 1 consulting room -

Staff Quarters (5) 2 staff Quarters 3 staff Quarters

55

HEALTH SECTOR CONT’D

• Maintenance of existing logistics

• Provision of unavailable facilities

• Improvement of the road leading to the health

center.

• Organizing health campaigns

56

Year Population Existing Required Surplus Backlog

2014 645 0 1 - 1

2018 671 0 2 - 2

2024 713 0 2 - 2

INTERVENTIONS

• Provision of 2 public stand pipes for the people of

Aninangya.

• There should be the provision of filters since their

current source of water is stream.

WATER

57

SANITATIONTOILET FACILITY

Year Population Facility

Existing

number of

holes

Required

number of

holes

Backlog Acreage

2014 645Pit

latrine6 13 7

2016 658Pit

latrine6 13 7

2018 671Pit

latrine6 13 7

2020 685Pit

latrine6 14 8

2024 713Pit

latrine6 14 8

ASSUMPTIONS

• Existing number of holes will be held constant

• 50 persons is to 1 hole .Threshold of facility is 5000 people

58

TOILET FACILITY CONT’D

INTERVENTIONS

• Provision of a good toilet facility with 8 holes.

• Maintenance of the facility should be

encouraged.

59

SANITATION CONT’D

WASTE DISPOSAL

• There is one dumpsites in the community.

INTERVENTIONS

• Provision of a refuse container at the dump site.

• Regular charges to maintain the container.

• Formulation of by-laws to keep the place tidy.

• Educate the public on hygiene

• Provision of drainage channels (gutters) to dispose

liquid waste

60

Energy for Cooking

Frequency Percent

Charcoal 6 19

Firewood 24 78

LPG 1 3

Total 31 100

ENERGY

• This pattern has effects on the vegetation and thus should be minimized

• Health threats related to use of charcoal and firewood

IMPLICATION FOR POLICY

• There is the need for awareness on replanting of trees to ensure

environmental sustainability.

• Other alternative sources of energy for cooking such as LPG should be

encouraged.

CONCLUSION

•The needs of Aninangya as have been assessed is

be very useful as it will inform our decision in

the formulation of our goals and objectives.

These goals are to be local goals because they

will be addressing the needs of Aninangya in

particular and Kumawu district as whole.

61

62