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Nutrition for National Development
in
Nigeria
A Call for Action
Poverty, Hunger and Malnutrition !
Hunger and
malnutrition increase
sufferings and crises
Poverty increases
hunger and
undernutrition
Nigerias Commitment
World Summits: Poverty
Nutrition
Food
Rights of children
Rights of women
Millennium Development Goals
Nigerias Initiative:
Food and Nutrition Policy reviewed & approved
Child Rights Bill Passed
Food and Nutrition Plan of Action developed
Vision 20: 2020 & Transformation Agenda
Malnutrition in Nigeria
N
Dry savannah Humid forest Mid-altitude Moist savannah
Nutritional Problems
Energy and protein
Vitamin A, Iron, Iodine
deficiencies
Poor infant and caring
practices
Nutrition related non-
communicable diseases
Signs not recognized Victims not aware
POVERTY
Education
INADEQUATE Funding
Poor Implementation
MALNUTRITION
GOVERNMENT POLICY
Economy Health Information Agriculture
Consequences of Malnutrition
Survival
Intelligence
Productivity
2011-2020
Infant and Child Mortality
One in Eleven dies
in the first
year of
life
One in Seven dies
in the first
5 years of
life
UN
ICE
F/P
iro
zzi
SURVIVAL
Breastfeeding Practices (06 months)
Recommended: Infants
be exclusively breastfed
from birth to six months
of age
UN
ICE
F/P
iro
zzi
WHO / Unicef / FMOH
15%
Infant Mortality and Poor Breastfeeding
21%
PROFILES 2011
UN
ICE
F/P
iro
zzi
2 million infant deaths
2011-2020
Causes of Child Mortality in Nigeria
Malnutrition ~49%
WHO/CHERG, 2010
Child Mortality Attribuable to Protein-Energy Malnutrition
2.7 million child deaths (2011-2020)
BA
SIC
S\S
AN
US
I 0
2i
Estimated Child Deaths (2011-2020) WHO/CHERG 2010, PROFILES 2011
Million children 0-5 years
Vitamin A Deficiency in Children NFCNS, 2003
Percent
68.7
76.1
70.1
28.2
21.6 22.8
3.1 2.47.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Dry savanna Moist savanna Humid forest
Perc
ent
Normal Marginal Clinical
Vitamin A Deficiency
and Child Mortality
1,007,841
child
deaths 2011-2020
Anemia in Women of Reproductive Age
64,486 lives of women
lost 2011-2020
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
PreschoolChildren
PregnantWomen
WCBA
62%
Malnutrition and Education
UN
ICE
F/P
iro
zzi
Malnutrition reduces:
Learning ability
Retention ability
School performance
EDUCATION
Effect of Iodine Deficiency in Pregnant Women
3% cretinism
10% moderate
to severe
mental
retardation
87% mild
intellectual
impairment
UN
ICE
F/P
iro
zzi
Endemic Iodine Deficiency and Intellectual Development
IQ reduced by
13.5 points
source: 18 studies
Non Consumption of Iodized Salt
10 million
newborns
with mental
impairment
UNICEF/89006/Beswick 2011-2020
Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Children 0-5 Years
MI Global VMD Report, 2009
76%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
PreschoolChildren
PregnantWomen
WCBA
Benefit: Cost Analysis
ECONOMY
Takes into account:
UN population projection 2011-2020
Current malnutrition rates
Current mortality rates
Current employment rates
Current labor force participation rates
Annual discount rate of 3%
Total Productivity Losses: 2011-2020
0
10
Losses
(billion
$US)
4.1
6.4
4.4
Stunting
Iodine Deficiency
Iron Deficiency Anemia
15 billion $US
Total Productivity Gains: 2005-2014
0
3
Gains
(billion
$US)
0.8
1.1
7.7
Anemia
Stunting
Iodine Defciency
9.5 billion $US
Gains in Human Capital
21,000 Lives
of Mothers -
Maternal Anemia
712,000 Lives
of Children -
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
498,000 Lives
of Children -
Vitamin A Deficiency
10 million Newborns saved from
Mental Deficits -
Iodine Deficiency
5 million Lives
Aged 15-60 years saved from
Premature death and disability
- non-communicable
diseases
Return on Investment
Cost
1 $US
Benefit
23 $US
PROFILES
Conclusion
Sustained Investment in Nutrition
Would avoid:
Millions of deaths of children and women
Tragic lowering of intellectual capacity
Enormous economic lossess
Conditions for Attaining These Benefits
Recognize nutrition as a key factor for national
development
Show a real political commitment to improving
the nutrition situation of the population
Implement and optimize the impact of the
national food and nutrition policy by:
Targeting vulnerable groups
Adopting cost:effective interventions
Investment in Nutrition
Benefits:
Health
Education
Economy
Recommendations 1. Protect, promote, and support optimal child feeding
practices in the first two years of life
2. Ensure Iodine Requirements of the Population, through salt iodization
3. Ensure Iron/Folic Acid Requirements of the Population
4. Ensure Vitamin A Requirements of the Population through supplementation and fortification
5. Ensure nutritional support for adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating mothers
6. Nutritional care and support for people living with HIV-AIDS
7. Address nutrition-related non-Communicable Diseases
Nutrition Investment
UN
ICE
F/P
iro
zzi
I see HOPE for a brighter future
Invest in Nutrition U
NIC
EF
/Piro
zzi
The time to act is