Program and Book of Abstracts - acoustics€¦ · RACV Cape Schanck Resort Scientific Review Panel...

ProgramandBookofAbstracts

CapeSchanck,Victoria,10-13November2019

AustralianAcousticalSociety




ProceedingsofAAS2019

Page3 Acoustics2019-SoundDecisions:MovingforwardwithAcoustics

ContentsSPONSORS....................................................................................................................4

VENUEMAP..................................................................................................................5

EXHIBITORS..................................................................................................................6

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................8

PROGRAMSUMMARY..................................................................................................9

SESSIONSCHEDULE....................................................................................................11

PROCEEDINGS............................................................................................................14

ABSTRACTS.................................................................................................................19

PAPERSBY THEMES....................................................................................................38

AUTHORINDEX...........................................................................................................42

ACOUSTICS2020

Nextyear’sconferencewillbeheldinWellington,NewZealand.

ItwillbeajointconferenceoftheAcousticalSocietyofNewZealand

andtheAustralianAcousticalSociety

FollowtheAustralianAcousticalSocietyonLinkedInforupdates:

https://www.linkedin.com/company/australian-acoustical-society

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VENUEMAP..................................................................................................................5

EXHIBITORS..................................................................................................................6


PROGRAMSUMMARY..................................................................................................9


PROCEEDINGS............................................................................................................14

ABSTRACTS.................................................................................................................19

PAPERSBY THEMES....................................................................................................38

AUTHORINDEX...........................................................................................................42

ACOUSTICS2020






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VENUEMAP..................................................................................................................5

EXHIBITORS..................................................................................................................6


PROGRAMSUMMARY..................................................................................................9


PROCEEDINGS............................................................................................................14

ABSTRACTS.................................................................................................................19

PAPERSBY THEMES....................................................................................................38

AUTHORINDEX...........................................................................................................42

ACOUSTICS2020






SilverSponsor

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VENUEMAP..................................................................................................................5

EXHIBITORS..................................................................................................................6


PROGRAMSUMMARY..................................................................................................9


PROCEEDINGS............................................................................................................14

ABSTRACTS.................................................................................................................19

PAPERSBY THEMES....................................................................................................38

AUTHORINDEX...........................................................................................................42

ACOUSTICS2020






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SPONSORS 4

VENUE MAP 5

EXHIBITORS 6

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8

PROGRAM SUMMARY 9

SESSION SCHEDULE 12

PROCEEDINGS 15

ABSTRACTS 20

PAPERS BY THEMES 39

AUTHOR INDEX 43


Acoustics2019-SoundDecisions:MovingforwardwithAcoustics Page4

SPONSORSAcoustics2019wouldliketoacknowledgeandthankoursponsorsfor

theirgeneroussupport

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VENUEMAP

Moreinformationonthefacilitiesavailableatthevenuecanbefoundat:https://www.racv.com.au/travel-leisure/racv-resorts/our-destinations/

cape-schanck-resort/facilities.html

Informationonthelocalareaisavailableathttps://www.racv.com.au/travel-leisure/racv-resorts/our-destinations/

cape-schanck-resort/local-area.html

Pleasenotethattheresortisanon-smokingresort.Smokingisonlypermittedinthedesignatedsmokingareawhichisessentiallyclosetotheopenaircarpark.Smokingintheroomsorinthe

balconiesoftheroomswillresultina$250AUDSmokingFine.



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EXHIBITORSExhibitorsarelocatedintheGreatSouthernBallroom

01_01dBlogo 02_AbeyLogo 03_ARLMasterLogo 04_AcousticTesting

05_AcuVib 06_Asona 07_AUTEX_LOGO 08_B&CFlooring

09_2014_BK_logo

10_DCTechnewlogo

11_Ecoustic 12_Embelton

13_EMSBKlogo 14_Enviroflex 15_ETMC_logo 16_hw_logo

17_Howden_ 18_IACColourLogo

19_INSTYLE_CG10 20_Magnetiteregular

21_MDAlogo 22_MartiniPrimaryLogo

23_Mason 24_OrtechLogo.

25_pliteq_logo 26_polyvox_black. 27_PyrotekLogotype_

28_RegupolLogo

29_SAVTek_logo_

30_Soundblock_2col

31_Vibration_Solutions



CompanyName Booth CompanyName BoothEMSBruel&Kjaer 1 Instyle 18SAVtek 2 Pyrotek 19Enviroflex 3 Batten&Cradle 20MarshallDayAcoustics 4 AcuVibElectronics 21Ecotech 5 AcousticResearchLabs(ARL) 22HWTechnologies 6 Pliteq 23VibrationSolutions 7&8 Ortech 24&25CSRMartini 9 Soundblock 26Magnetite 10 DynamicComposite 27Asona 11 Technologies(DCT)Bruel&KjaerAustralia 12 Autex 28Embelton 13 Regupol 29

14 ETMC 30AcousticsTestingService,UniversityofAuckland PolyvoxSoundMasking 31IACAcoustics(Australia) 15 Abey-Acoustics 32Mason–Mercer 16&17 Howden 33





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EXHIBITORSExhibitorsarelocatedintheGreatSouthernBallroom

01_01dBlogo 02_AbeyLogo 03_ARLMasterLogo 04_AcousticTesting

05_AcuVib 06_Asona 07_AUTEX_LOGO 08_B&CFlooring

09_2014_BK_logo

10_DCTechnewlogo

11_Ecoustic 12_Embelton

13_EMSBKlogo 14_Enviroflex 15_ETMC_logo 16_hw_logo

17_Howden_ 18_IACColourLogo

19_INSTYLE_CG10 20_Magnetiteregular

21_MDAlogo 22_MartiniPrimaryLogo

23_Mason 24_OrtechLogo.

25_pliteq_logo 26_polyvox_black. 27_PyrotekLogotype_

28_RegupolLogo

29_SAVTek_logo_

30_Soundblock_2col

31_Vibration_Solutions



CompanyName Booth CompanyName BoothEMSBruel&Kjaer 1 Instyle 18SAVtek 2 Pyrotek 19Enviroflex 3 Batten&Cradle 20MarshallDayAcoustics 4 AcuVibElectronics 21Ecotech 5 AcousticResearchLabs(ARL) 22HWTechnologies 6 Pliteq 23VibrationSolutions 7&8 Ortech 24&25CSRMartini 9 Soundblock 26Magnetite 10 DynamicComposite 27Asona 11 Technologies(DCT)Bruel&KjaerAustralia 12 Autex 28Embelton 13 Regupol 29

14 ETMC 30AcousticsTestingService,UniversityofAuckland PolyvoxSoundMasking 31IACAcoustics(Australia) 15 Abey-Acoustics 32Mason–Mercer 16&17 Howden 33

CORE 2/ STAIR 2

LANDING

1695890

S.02

129.820

132.180

129.820

SFL

SFL

SFL

CATERING

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COFFEE

STATION

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAcoustics2019wouldliketoacknowledgethefollowing,withoutwhomthisconferencewouldnotbepossible.

Venue

RACVCapeSchanckResort

ScientificReviewPanel

NathalieAllaz-Barnett

JimAntonopoulos

CorinneBallarini

NormBroner

MarcBuret

KymBurgemeister

GeorgeDodd

J.L.KhayyamCoelho

JesseCoombs

JohnL.Davy

ConDoolan

AlecDuncan

GrantEmms

BenjaminHinze

AdrianJones

DarrenJurevicius

ValeriLenchine

JamesMcIntosh

AndrewMitchell

RajeevNand

JiePan

BastienRochowski

Editorialcommittee

MarcBuret(coordinatingeditor)

MiaAntonopoulos

NormBroner

DanielCastro

J.L.KhayyamCoelho

TomEvans

LauraLapena

JamesMcIntosh

AndrewMitchell

DianneWilliams

SponsorshipandExhibitionOrganiser

NormBroner

Websiteandgraphics,program

AndrewMitchell,MarcBuret

Administrationassistant

MiaAntonopoulos

Organisingcommittee

AndrewMitchell(Conferencechair)

RohanBarnes

NormBroner

MarcBuret

TomEvans

LauraLapena

JamesMcIntosh

DianneWilliams





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9



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSAcoustics2019wouldliketoacknowledgethefollowing,withoutwhomthisconferencewouldnotbepossible.

Venue

RACVCapeSchanckResort

ScientificReviewPanel

NathalieAllaz-Barnett

JimAntonopoulos

CorinneBallarini

NormBroner

MarcBuret

KymBurgemeister

GeorgeDodd

J.L.KhayyamCoelho

JesseCoombs

JohnL.Davy

ConDoolan

AlecDuncan

GrantEmms

BenjaminHinze

AdrianJones

DarrenJurevicius

ValeriLenchine

JamesMcIntosh

AndrewMitchell

RajeevNand

JiePan

BastienRochowski

Editorialcommittee

MarcBuret(coordinatingeditor)

MiaAntonopoulos

NormBroner

DanielCastro

J.L.KhayyamCoelho

TomEvans

LauraLapena

JamesMcIntosh

AndrewMitchell

DianneWilliams

SponsorshipandExhibitionOrganiser

NormBroner

Websiteandgraphics,program

AndrewMitchell,MarcBuret

Administrationassistant

MiaAntonopoulos

Organisingcommittee

AndrewMitchell(Conferencechair)

RohanBarnes

NormBroner

MarcBuret

TomEvans

LauraLapena

JamesMcIntosh

DianneWilliams



PROGRAMSUMMARY Stream1(HorizonBallroom1) Stream2(HorizonBallroom2) Stream3(Flindersroom2)

SUNDAY10NOVEMBER

18:30 20:30 Registrationandwelcomecocktailfunction

MONDAY11NOVEMBER

8:00 9:00 Registration 9:00 9:10 Conferenceopening 9:10 10:00 Plenary:DrIrenevanKamp 10:00 10:30 Morningtea 10:30 11:00 Keynote:MrNickWimbush 11:00 11:20 D1-AM2-S1 D1-AM2-S2 11:20 11:40 Policy,Regulation& UnderwaterAcoustics1 11:40 12:00 Standards 12:00 12:20 12:20 12:40 12:40 13:30 Lunch 13:30 14:00 Keynote:DrStephenMoore 14:00 14:20 D1-PM1-S1 D1-PM1-S2 14:20 14:40 Environmentalnoise UnderwaterAcoustics2 14:40 15:00 15:00 15:20 15:20 15:40 15:40 16:20 Afternoontea 16:20 16:40 D1-PM2-S1 D1-PM2-S2 16:40 17:00 Transportationnoise1 UnderwaterAcoustics3 17:00 17:20 Roadtrafficnoise 17:20 17:40 19:00 23:00 Conferencedinner(HorizonBallroom)




SUNDAY10NOVEMBER


MONDAY11NOVEMBER






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Stream1(HorizonBallroom1) Stream2(HorizonBallroom2) Stream3(Flindersroom2)

TUESDAY12NOVEMBER

8:00 9:00 Registration 9:10 10:00 Plenary:ProfessorJianKang 10:00 10:30 Morningtea 10:30 11:00 Keynote:Adj.Prof.JohnDavy 11:00 11:20 D2-AM2-S1 D2-AM2-S2 D2-AM2-S3

11:20 11:40 Transportationnoise2 Buildingacoustics UnderwaterAcoustics411:40 12:00 Aircraftnoise &vibration 12:00 12:20 12:20 12:40 12:40 13:30 Lunch 13:30 14:00 Kenote:DrKymBurgemeister 14:00 14:20 D2-PM1-S1 D2-PM1-S2 D2-PM1-S3

14:20 14:40 Transportationnoise3 Roomacoustics1 Signalprocessing14:40 15:00 Railwaynoise&vibration Design&methods 15:00 15:20 15:20 16:00 Afternoontea 16:00 16:20 D2-PM2-S1 D2-PM2-S2 16:20 16:40 Windturbinenoise Roomacoustics2-Materials 16:40 17:40 AGM(HorizonBallroom1) 18:00 21:30 Twilight9-holegolftournament(additionalcost,subjecttointerest)




SUNDAY10NOVEMBER


MONDAY11NOVEMBER






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Stream1(HorizonBallroom1) Stream2(HorizonBallroom2) Stream3(Flindersroom2)

WEDNESDAY13NOVEMBER8:00 9:00 Registration9:00 9:20 D3-AM1-S1 D3-AM1-S2

9:20 9:40 Cognition& Noiseandvibrationcontrol19:40 10:00 indoorenvironment10:00 10:2010:20 11:00 Morningtea11:00 11:20 D3-AM2-S1 D3-AM2-S2

11:20 11:40 Aeroacoustics Noiseandvibrationcontrol211:40 12:0012:00 12:40 Closingceremony12:40 14:00 Farewelllunch14:30 BustoMelbournedeparts




SUNDAY10NOVEMBER


MONDAY11NOVEMBER






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12

Procee

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Acou

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35

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61NormBrone

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49MarkLatim

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31TimProcter-Th

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44JamesM

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19:00

23:00

Conferencedinner(Ho

rizon

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SESSIONSCHEDULEStream1(HorizonBallroom1) Stream2(HorizonBallroom2)

MONDAY11NOVEMBER

9:00 9:10 Conferenceopening

9:10 10:00 96 IrenevanKamp-UpdateofWHOevidencereviewsandtheirimplicationsforpolicyandresearch

10:30 11:00 94 NickWimbush-NoiseinplanningandenvironmentalimpactassessmentinAustralia

11:00 11:20 17 ColinTickell-AS1055:2018revision 25 HaiyanNi-Sedimentcharacterizationfromacousticecho-soundingusinganartificialneuralnetworks

11:20 11:40 34 JeffreyParnell-Therelevanceofthe2018WHOnoiseguidelinestoAustralasianroadtrafficnoiseobjectives. 35 AlexZinoviev-Interchangeabilityoftwoexistingformulationsofsoundpropagationinisothermalsurface

ducts

11:40 12:00 64 BenHinze–Roadtrafficnoiseimpactsandpropertyturn-over 36 AlecDuncan-Acousticpropagationinrealistic3Dnonlinearinternalwaves

12:00 12:20 10 RossPalmer-Noisefromamplifiedentertainmentvenues 6 AdrianJones-Estimatesofcoherentleakageofsoundfromoceansurfaceductsforfirstandhigherordermodes

12:20 12:40 85 RobertFitzell-Expectedambientnoiselevelsindifferentland-use-areas 22 QiannanHou-Long-rangeaveragereverberationintensityattenuationcharacteristicsinshallowwater

13:30 14:00 72 StephenMoore-Acousticsignaturecontrolonmaritimeplatforms

14:00 14:20 86 RobertFitzell-Noiseimpactanditsmagnitude 29 JamesLau-Investigationoftemporalcoherenceandrelatedissuesduringthelittoralcontinuousactivesonar2016trial

14:20 14:40 61 NormBroner-Noiseinabigcity-isJerusalemdifferent? 93 DamienKilleen-Acousticvelocitysignaturesofairguns-preliminaryresults

14:40 15:00 49 MarkLatimore-Remotelypilotedaircraftsystems(RPAS)noiseinanurbanenvironment 53 LiChen-Animprovedcorrelationofbubblesizedistributionwiththemeasuredacousticspectrumforaturbulentbubbleplume

15:00 15:20 63 MahbubSheikh-Indiscerniblenoise–areviewofacousticcriteriaforimpulsivenoiseeventinpresenceofbackgroundnoise 98 NicholasPadfield-Exploringtheclassificationofacoustictransientswithmachinelearning

15:20 15:40 31 TimProcter-Theuseofprobabilisticnoisemodellinginthedesignofopencutmines

16:20 16:40 57 JohnWassermann-Investigationofuniformandnon-uniformtrafficdistributiononroadtrafficnoisepredictionformulti-laneroadways 48 AlecDuncan(forChristineErbe)-Signaturewhistlesofindo-pacificbottlenosedolphins(tursiops

aduncus)intheFremantleinnerharbour,WesternAustralia

16:40 17:00 79 JeffreyPeng-Comparisonofequivalentcontinuousnoiselevelsandday-evening-nightcompositenoiseindicatorsforassessmentofroadtrafficnoise 26 BrianSMiller-Apassiveacousticsurveyformarinemammalsconductedduringthe2019Antarctic

voyageoneuphausiidsandnutrientrecyclingincetaceanhotspots(ENRICH)

17:00 17:20 44 JamesMcintosh-Longtermacousticperformanceofdifferentasphaltconfigurations 82 DouglasCato-Surfacegeneratedunderwaternoiseinopenandenclosedwaters

17:20 17:40 47 MichaelChung-RondaCPXtrailermeasurementsinQueensland 56 Zhang,ZhiYong-IcebergsandstormsinthesouthernoceanassourcesoflowfrequencynoisealongAustraliansoutherncoasts

19:00 23:00 Conferencedinner(HorizonBallroom)





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13




MONDAY11NOVEMBER






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MONDAY11NOVEMBER






ducts





















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15



PROCEEDINGSMonday11November

Morning

HorizonBallroomPlenary-DRIRENEVANKAMP

Chair:AndrewMitchell09:10 UpdateoftheWHOevidencereviewsandtheirimplicationsforpolicyandresearch

vanKamp,Irene................................................................................................................................................20

HorizonBallroom1Keynote-MRNICKWIMBUSH

Chair:JamesMcIntosh10:30 NoiseinplanningandenvironmentalimpactassessmentinAustralia

Wimbush,Nick..................................................................................................................................................20

D1-AM2-S1:Policy,regulations&standardsChair:LexBrown

11:00 AS1055:2018revisionTickell,Colin......................................................................................................................................................20

11:20 Therelevanceofthe2018WHOnoiseguidelinestoAustralasianroadtrafficnoiseobjectives.Parnell,Jeffrey;Peng,Jeffrey............................................................................................................................20

11:40 RoadtrafficnoiseimpactsandpropertyturnoverHinze,Benjamin;Laurence,Nicol......................................................................................................................21

12:00 NoisefromamplifiedentertainmentvenuesPalmer,Ross......................................................................................................................................................21

12:20 Expectedambientnoiselevelsindifferentland-useareasFitzell,RobertJohn............................................................................................................................................21

HorizonBallroom2D1-AM2-S2:Underwateracoustics1

Chair:StephenMoore11:00 Sedimentcharacterizationfromacousticechosoundingusinganartificialneuralnetwork

Ni,Haiyan;Ren,Qunran;Wang,Wenbo;Lu,Licheng;Ma,Li...........................................................................2111:20 Interchangeabilityoftwoexistingformulationsofsoundpropagationinisothermalsurfaceducts

Zinoviev,Alex....................................................................................................................................................2211:40 Acousticpropagationinrealistic3Dnonlinearinternalwaves

Duncan,Alec;Shimizu,Kenji;Parnum,Iain;MacLeod,Rod;Buchan,SteveJ...................................................2212:00 Estimatesofcoherentleakageofsoundfromoceansurfaceductsforfirstandhigherordermodes

Jones,AdrianD.;Zinoviev,Alex;Duncan,Alec;Zhang,ZhiYong......................................................................2212:20 Long-rangeaveragereverberationintensityattenuationcharacteristicsinshallowwater

Hou,Qiannan;Wu,Jinrong;Ma,Li...................................................................................................................22

Afternoon

HorizonBallroom2Keynote-DRSTEPHENMOORE

Chair:NormBroner13:30 Acousticsignaturecontrolonmaritimeplatforms

Moore,Stephen................................................................................................................................................23

HorizonBallroom1D1-PM1-S1:Environmentalnoise

Chair:MarcBuret14:00 Noiseimpactanditsmagnitude

Fitzell,RobertJohn............................................................................................................................................23





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14:20 Noiseinabigcity-IsJerusalemdifferent?Broner,Norm....................................................................................................................................................23

14:40 Remotelypilotedaircraftsystems(RPAS)noiseinanurbanenvironmentLatimore,Mark;Moyo,Clyton;Fenner,Belinda;Zissermann,Paul..................................................................23

15:00 Indiscerniblenoise–areviewofacousticcriteriaforimpulsivenoiseeventinpresenceofbackgroundnoiseSheikh,Mahbub;Evenden,Craig;Terlich,Matthew.........................................................................................23

15:20 TheuseofprobabilisticnoisemodellinginthedesignofopencutminesProcter,Tim;Brown,A.Lex...............................................................................................................................24

HorizonBallroom2D1-PM1-S2:Underwateracoustics2

Chair:DouglasCato14:00 InvestigationoftemporalcoherenceandrelatedissuesduringtheLittoralContinuousActiveSonar2016trial

Lourey,Simon;Lau,James(presenter).............................................................................................................2414:20 Acousticvelocitysignaturesofairguns-preliminaryresults

Killeen,Damien;Duncan,Alec..........................................................................................................................2414:40 Animprovedcorrelationofbubblesizedistributionwiththemeasuredacousticspectrumforaturbulent

bubbleplumeChen,Li..............................................................................................................................................................24

15:00 ExploringtheclassificationofacoustictransientswithmachinelearningPadfield,Nick,...................................................................................................................................................25

Evening

HorizonBallroom1D1-PM2-S1:Transportationnoise1-Roadtrafficnoise

Chair:FeliceWong16:20 Investigationofuniformandnon-uniformtrafficdistributiononroadtrafficnoisepredictionformulti-lane

roadwaysHall,Nic;Wassermann,John(presenter);Peng,Jeffrey;Parnell,Jeffrey..........................................................25

16:40 Comparisonofequivalentcontinuousnoiselevelsandday-evening-nightcompositenoiseindicatorsforassessmentofroadtrafficnoise

Peng,Jeffrey;Parnell,Jeffrey;Kessissoglou,Nicole..........................................................................................2517:00 Longtermacousticperformanceofdifferentasphaltconfigurations

McIntosh,James;Wong,Felice;Macha,Pascal;Buret,Marc...........................................................................2517:20 RONDACPXtrailermeasurementsinQueensland

Chung,Michael;Hinze,Benjamin;Kim,David;Macabenta,Neil......................................................................25


Chair:AdrianJones16:20 SignaturewhistlesofIndo-Pacificbottlenosedolphins(Tursiopsaduncus)intheFremantleInnerHarbour,

WesternAustraliaErbe,Christine;Salgado-Kent,Chandra;Winter,Simone;Marley,Sarah;Ward,Rhianne(Duncan,Alec

presenter)...................................................................................................................................................2616:40 Apassiveacousticsurveyformarinemammalsconductedduringthe2019AntarcticvoyageonEuphausiids

andNutrientRecyclinginCetaceanHotspots(ENRICH)Miller,BrianS.;Calderan,Susannah;Miller,Elanor;Širović,Ana;Stafford,KathleenM;Bell,Elanor;

Double,MichaelC.......................................................................................................................................2617:00 Surfacegeneratedunderwaternoiseinopenandenclosedwaters

Cato,DouglasH................................................................................................................................................2617:20 IcebergsandstormsintheSouthernOceanassourcesoflowfrequencynoisealongAustraliansouthern

coastsZhang,ZhiYong;Gavrilov,Alexander...............................................................................................................27

ConferenceDinner–HorizonBallroom–19:00-23:00





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17



Tuesday12November

Morning

HorizonBallroomPlenary-PROFESSORJIANKANG

Chair:LexBrown09:10 Urbansoundplanning–asoundscapeapproach

Kang,Jian..........................................................................................................................................................27

HorizonBallroom2Keynote:ADJUNCTPROFESSORJOHNDAVY

Chair:AndrewMitchell10:30 Structuralconnectionsandthesoundinsulationofcavitywallsanddoubleglazing

Davy,JohnLaurence.........................................................................................................................................27

HorizonBallroom1D2-AM2-S1:Transportationnoise2-Aircraftnoise

Chair:JeffParnell11:00 CitywidenoisemappingforANEFContours

Hinze,Benjamin;Tsakiris,Janos;Zhao,Jessica;Tang,Wei...............................................................................2711:20 Assessingtheenvironmentalimpactsofaircraftnoise

Moyo,Clyton;Latimore,Mark;Fenner,Belinda;Zissermann,Paul..................................................................2811:40 Competingconsiderationsforaircraftnoisemonitorplacements

Fenner,Belinda;Latimore,Mark;Moyo,Clyton;Zissermann,Paul..................................................................2812:00 Experimentalinvestigationofcontra-rotatingmulti-rotorUAVpropellernoise

McKay,Ryan;Kingan,Michael;Go,Robin........................................................................................................2812:20 Benchmarkingaquasi-steadymethodforpredictingpropellerunsteadyloads

Howell,Richard;Dylejko,Paul;Croaker,Paul;Skvortsov,Alex.........................................................................28

HorizonBallroom2D2-AM2-S2:Buildingacoustics&vibration

Chair:AndrewMitchell11:00 Theeffectsofmass-air-massresonanceontheRw+Ctrperformanceofwallsystems

Pirozek,Peter....................................................................................................................................................2911:20 Mass-air-massresonancecavitysuppressionusingHelmholtzresonators

Hall,Andrew;Dodd,George;Schmid,Gian......................................................................................................2911:40 AcousticsbehaviourofCLTstructure:transmissionloss,impactnoiseinsulationandflankingtransmission

evaluationsLoriggiola,Fabrio;Dall'Acquad'Industria,Luca(presenter);Granzotto,Nicola;DiBella,Antonino................29

12:00 Effectivenessoftherubberballcomparedtothetappingmachineastheimpactsourcetomeasuretheimpactsoundinsulationproperties

PolwaththeGallage,HasithaNayanajith;Palmer,Ross;Eric,Huang;Roger,Hawkins....................................2912:20 Apracticalapproachtobuildingisolation

Valerio,DouglasG............................................................................................................................................30

Flindersroom2D2-AM2-S3:Underwateracoustics4

Chair:AlecDuncan11:00 Investigationofunderwaterhullradiationduetomachinenoise

Pan,Xia;Wilkes,Daniel;Forrest,James...........................................................................................................3011:20 Low-frequencyunderwateracousticssensitivitycalibrationinachamber

LiPeng,;YinYilong,...........................................................................................................................................3011:40 Thesoundsofelectricferries

Parsons,MilesJames;Parsons,SylviaKarin;Duncan,Alec(presenter);Erbe,Christine...................................30



14:20 Noiseinabigcity-IsJerusalemdifferent?Broner,Norm....................................................................................................................................................23

14:40 Remotelypilotedaircraftsystems(RPAS)noiseinanurbanenvironmentLatimore,Mark;Moyo,Clyton;Fenner,Belinda;Zissermann,Paul..................................................................23

15:00 Indiscerniblenoise–areviewofacousticcriteriaforimpulsivenoiseeventinpresenceofbackgroundnoiseSheikh,Mahbub;Evenden,Craig;Terlich,Matthew.........................................................................................23

15:20 TheuseofprobabilisticnoisemodellinginthedesignofopencutminesProcter,Tim;Brown,A.Lex...............................................................................................................................24


Chair:DouglasCato14:00 InvestigationoftemporalcoherenceandrelatedissuesduringtheLittoralContinuousActiveSonar2016trial

Lourey,Simon;Lau,James(presenter).............................................................................................................2414:20 Acousticvelocitysignaturesofairguns-preliminaryresults

Killeen,Damien;Duncan,Alec..........................................................................................................................2414:40 Animprovedcorrelationofbubblesizedistributionwiththemeasuredacousticspectrumforaturbulent

bubbleplumeChen,Li..............................................................................................................................................................24

15:00 ExploringtheclassificationofacoustictransientswithmachinelearningPadfield,Nick,...................................................................................................................................................25

Evening

HorizonBallroom1D1-PM2-S1:Transportationnoise1-Roadtrafficnoise

Chair:FeliceWong16:20 Investigationofuniformandnon-uniformtrafficdistributiononroadtrafficnoisepredictionformulti-lane

roadwaysHall,Nic;Wassermann,John(presenter);Peng,Jeffrey;Parnell,Jeffrey..........................................................25

16:40 Comparisonofequivalentcontinuousnoiselevelsandday-evening-nightcompositenoiseindicatorsforassessmentofroadtrafficnoise

Peng,Jeffrey;Parnell,Jeffrey;Kessissoglou,Nicole..........................................................................................2517:00 Longtermacousticperformanceofdifferentasphaltconfigurations

McIntosh,James;Wong,Felice;Macha,Pascal;Buret,Marc...........................................................................2517:20 RONDACPXtrailermeasurementsinQueensland

Chung,Michael;Hinze,Benjamin;Kim,David;Macabenta,Neil......................................................................25


Chair:AdrianJones16:20 SignaturewhistlesofIndo-Pacificbottlenosedolphins(Tursiopsaduncus)intheFremantleInnerHarbour,

WesternAustraliaErbe,Christine;Salgado-Kent,Chandra;Winter,Simone;Marley,Sarah;Ward,Rhianne(Duncan,Alec

presenter)...................................................................................................................................................2616:40 Apassiveacousticsurveyformarinemammalsconductedduringthe2019AntarcticvoyageonEuphausiids

andNutrientRecyclinginCetaceanHotspots(ENRICH)Miller,BrianS.;Calderan,Susannah;Miller,Elanor;Širović,Ana;Stafford,KathleenM;Bell,Elanor;

Double,MichaelC.......................................................................................................................................2617:00 Surfacegeneratedunderwaternoiseinopenandenclosedwaters

Cato,DouglasH................................................................................................................................................2617:20 IcebergsandstormsintheSouthernOceanassourcesoflowfrequencynoisealongAustraliansouthern

coastsZhang,ZhiYong;Gavrilov,Alexander...............................................................................................................27

ConferenceDinner–HorizonBallroom–19:00-23:00





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18



Afternoon

HorizonBallroom1Keynote-DRKYMBURGEMEISTER

Chair:JamesMcIntosh13:30 AcousticdesignfortheMelbourneMetroTunnelproject

Burgemeister,Kym;Digerness,Joseph;Fong,Ken-Yi;Setton,Philip;Thompson,Derek...................................30

D2-PM1-S1:Transportationnoise3-Railwaynoise&vibrationChair:JamesMcIntosh

14:00 TheeffectofTrackDecayRateonin-carriagenoiseforresilienttrackfixingsSetton,Philip;Burgemeister,Kym;Digerness,Joseph;Fong,Ken-Yi;Wedd,Nick............................................31

14:20 Ground-bornenoise&vibrationpropagationmeasurementsandpredictionvalidationsfromarailwaytunnelproject

Karantonis,Peter;Weber,Conrad;Hayden,Puckeridge..................................................................................3114:40 CurvingnoisefromtheWesternAustralianfreightrailnetwork:waysidemonitoringandmechanismanalysis

Li,Binghui;Zoontjens,Luke(presenter)............................................................................................................3115:00 ComparisonofrailnoisemodellingwithCadnaAandSoundPLAN

Puckeridge,Hayden;Braunstein,Timothy;Conrad,Weber..............................................................................31

HorizonBallroom2D2-PM1-S2:Roomacoustics1-Design&methods

Chair:DanielCastro14:00 Ray-tracingcomputer-aided-designtoolsinauditoriadesign–pastandfuture

Chen,Yuxiao;Fearnside,Peter..........................................................................................................................3214:20 Improvingshapedesignofauditoriumswithreal-timefeedbackbasedonparametricmodelling,simulation

andmachinelearningWang,Chunxiao;Lu,Shuai(presenter).............................................................................................................32

14:40 LateralreflectionsintheSydneyTownHall;preservationofroomacousticsinahistoricallysignificantvenueOttley,Matthew................................................................................................................................................32

15:00 Usingacousticcameraswith3DmodellingtovisualiseroomreflectionsHarkom,Lily;Thompson,Derek........................................................................................................................32

Flindersroom2D2-PM1-S3:Signalprocessing

Chair:RichardHowell14:00 2Dtomographicimagingofactivesonarechoesusinganon-uniformFFTtechnique

Nguyen,Binh;Tran,Hai-Tan;Wood,Shane......................................................................................................3314:20 UseofrobustCaponbeamformerforextractingaudiosignal

Bao,Chaoying;Jia,Ling;Pan,Jie......................................................................................................................3314:40 Cepstralcoefficientfeatureextractionforactivesonarclassification

Suranyi,Boaz;Nguyen,Binh.............................................................................................................................3315:00 Useofadeepconvolutionalneuralnetworkandbeamformingforlocalisationanddiagnosisofindustrynoise

sourcesCapon,Gareth;Chen,Hao;Bao,Chaoying;Sun,Hongmei;Matthews,David;Pan,Jie....................................33

Evening

HorizonBallroom1D2-PM2-S1:Windturbinenoise

Chair:NormBroner16:00 Comparisonbetweenperceptualresponsestotrafficnoiseandwindfarmnoiseinanon-focusedlisteningtest

Hansen,Kristy;Nguyen,Phuc;Lechat,Bastien;Zajamsek,Branko;Alamir,Mahmoud;Micic,Gorica;Catcheside,Peter........................................................................................................................................34

16:20 WindfarminfrasounddetectabilityanditseffectsontheperceptionofwindfarmnoiseamplitudemodulationNguyen,DucPhuc;Hansen,Kristy;Zajamsek,Branko;Micic,Gorica;Catcheside,Peter...............................34





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19



HorizonBallroom2D2-PM2-S2:Roomacoustics2-Materials

Chair:RohanBarnes16:00 20yearsofmicro-perforated(transparent)soundabsorbers

Nocke,Christian................................................................................................................................................3416:20 Walk-throughauralizationframeworkforvirtualrealityenvironmentspoweredbygameenginearchitectures,

PartIICastro,Daniel;Verstappen,André;Platt,Samuel............................................................................................34

AGM–HorizonBallroom1–16:40-17:40

Wednesday13November

HorizonBallroom1D3-AM1-S1:Cognition&indoorenvironment

Chair:MarcBuret09:00 Co-teachingin(refurbished)flexiblelearningspaces:Promotingqualityacousticsforlearningand

collaborationRobinson,Amanda;Bellert,Anne.....................................................................................................................35

09:20 Learnedhelplessness:effectonfutureperformancefromnoiseandnegativepastperformance.Burgess,Marion;Molesworth,BrettRC...........................................................................................................35

09:40 ImprovingspeechprivacyandacousticcomfortinofficesL'Espérance,André;Boudreau,Alex;Boudreault,Louis-Alexis;Gariépy,François;Mackenzie,Roderick.........35

10:00 RestaurantacousticcomfortassessmentmethodsTickell,Colin;Collings,Stephen.........................................................................................................................35

D3-AM1-S2:AeroacousticsChair:PaulDylejko

11:00 TheInfluenceofflexibletabsonhighspeedjetnoiseCoombs,Jesse;Schembri,Tyler;Zander,Anthony............................................................................................36

11:20 Embeddedlargeeddysimulationmethodforpredictingflow-inducednoiseLane,Graeme;Croaker,Paul;Ding,Yan...........................................................................................................37

11:40 Predictionofsmall-scalerotornoiseusingalow-fidelity-model-basedframeworkChen,Li;Batty,Trevor;Giacobello,Matteo;Wajaja,Ronny.............................................................................37

HorizonBallroom2D3-AM2-S1:Noiseandvibrationcontrol1

Chair:RohanBarnes09:00 Analyticalmodelsofacousticscatteringbyaninfiniteair-filledsteelcylindricalshellinwaterunderplane-

waveexcitationHall,MarshallV.................................................................................................................................................35

09:20 TheeffectofhemisphericalsurfaceonnoisesuppressionofasupersonicjetCoombs,Jesse;Schembri,Tyler;Zander,Anthony............................................................................................36

09:40 Modellingthevibroacousticbehaviourofexpansionchambersilencersforfluid-filledpipesystemsDeCandia,Steven;Moore,Stephen;MacGillivray,Ian;Skvortsov,Alexei........................................................36

10:00 Transmission,reflectionandenergyexchangesforwavesinfiniteone-dimensionalPT-symmetricperiodicstructures

McMahon,Darryl..............................................................................................................................................36

D3-AM2-S2:Noiseandvibrationcontrol2Chair:JamesMcIntosh

11:00 Staticinsertionloss,transmissionlossandnoisereductiontestingofanacousticlouvreHayne,Michael;Tan,Dexter;Devereux,Richard;Mee,DavidJ.......................................................................37

11:20 Lightweightnoisebarriers:Thereal-worldeffectsofpanelsurfacemassandabsorptiononacousticperformance

Chen,Kanvin;Beresford,Timothy(presenter)..................................................................................................3711:40 Casestudiesofinnovativewindowandbalconydesignfortrafficnoisemitigation

Cheung,FrankS.M.;Li,LeoY.C.;Lai,AndyK.Y.;Chan,HenryC.K.(presenter).................................................38

Closingceremony–HorizonBallroom1–12:00-12:40



Afternoon

HorizonBallroom1Keynote-DRKYMBURGEMEISTER

Chair:JamesMcIntosh13:30 AcousticdesignfortheMelbourneMetroTunnelproject

Burgemeister,Kym;Digerness,Joseph;Fong,Ken-Yi;Setton,Philip;Thompson,Derek...................................30

D2-PM1-S1:Transportationnoise3-Railwaynoise&vibrationChair:JamesMcIntosh

14:00 TheeffectofTrackDecayRateonin-carriagenoiseforresilienttrackfixingsSetton,Philip;Burgemeister,Kym;Digerness,Joseph;Fong,Ken-Yi;Wedd,Nick............................................31

14:20 Ground-bornenoise&vibrationpropagationmeasurementsandpredictionvalidationsfromarailwaytunnelproject

Karantonis,Peter;Weber,Conrad;Hayden,Puckeridge..................................................................................3114:40 CurvingnoisefromtheWesternAustralianfreightrailnetwork:waysidemonitoringandmechanismanalysis

Li,Binghui;Zoontjens,Luke(presenter)............................................................................................................3115:00 ComparisonofrailnoisemodellingwithCadnaAandSoundPLAN

Puckeridge,Hayden;Braunstein,Timothy;Conrad,Weber..............................................................................31

HorizonBallroom2D2-PM1-S2:Roomacoustics1-Design&methods

Chair:DanielCastro14:00 Ray-tracingcomputer-aided-designtoolsinauditoriadesign–pastandfuture

Chen,Yuxiao;Fearnside,Peter..........................................................................................................................3214:20 Improvingshapedesignofauditoriumswithreal-timefeedbackbasedonparametricmodelling,simulation

andmachinelearningWang,Chunxiao;Lu,Shuai(presenter).............................................................................................................32

14:40 LateralreflectionsintheSydneyTownHall;preservationofroomacousticsinahistoricallysignificantvenueOttley,Matthew................................................................................................................................................32

15:00 Usingacousticcameraswith3DmodellingtovisualiseroomreflectionsHarkom,Lily;Thompson,Derek........................................................................................................................32

Flindersroom2D2-PM1-S3:Signalprocessing

Chair:RichardHowell14:00 2Dtomographicimagingofactivesonarechoesusinganon-uniformFFTtechnique

Nguyen,Binh;Tran,Hai-Tan;Wood,Shane......................................................................................................3314:20 UseofrobustCaponbeamformerforextractingaudiosignal

Bao,Chaoying;Jia,Ling;Pan,Jie......................................................................................................................3314:40 Cepstralcoefficientfeatureextractionforactivesonarclassification

Suranyi,Boaz;Nguyen,Binh.............................................................................................................................3315:00 Useofadeepconvolutionalneuralnetworkandbeamformingforlocalisationanddiagnosisofindustrynoise

sourcesCapon,Gareth;Chen,Hao;Bao,Chaoying;Sun,Hongmei;Matthews,David;Pan,Jie....................................33

Evening

HorizonBallroom1D2-PM2-S1:Windturbinenoise

Chair:NormBroner16:00 Comparisonbetweenperceptualresponsestotrafficnoiseandwindfarmnoiseinanon-focusedlisteningtest

Hansen,Kristy;Nguyen,Phuc;Lechat,Bastien;Zajamsek,Branko;Alamir,Mahmoud;Micic,Gorica;Catcheside,Peter........................................................................................................................................34

16:20 WindfarminfrasounddetectabilityanditseffectsontheperceptionofwindfarmnoiseamplitudemodulationNguyen,DucPhuc;Hansen,Kristy;Zajamsek,Branko;Micic,Gorica;Catcheside,Peter...............................34





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ABSTRACTS

Plenary:DrIrenevanKamp

96 Update of the WHO evidence reviews and theirimplicationsforpolicyandresearch

vanKamp,Irene RIVM (National Institute for Public Health and the

Environment).Netherlands

ABSTRACTIthadbeenawhilesincethefirstWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)guidelinesforhealthprotectionagainstenvironmentalnoisewerepublished in1999. Since thenmanynewstudieson the health effects of environmental sound exposure athome have been performed and an update of the WHOenvironmental noise guideline saw light in November 2018.The earlier guidelines were primarily focused ontransportationnoise.AttheEuropeanMinisterialConferenceatParma in2010, theneed forguidelines forothersources,such aswind turbines and leisure noisewas emphasized. Inorder to achieve this, reviews were prepared on the mainhealthoutcomes, includingannoyance, sleep, cardiovasculardisease, cognitive effects, mental health, adverse birthoutcomes,hearingimpairmentandtheeffectivenessofnoiseinterventions intermsofhumanresponseandhealth.Thesesystematicliteraturereviewscovertheperiodbetween2000and 2014 and were published in a special issue of theInternational Journal of Environmental Research and PublicHealth (IJERPH) in 2017 and 2018). This paper provides anoverviewoftheevidence,includinganupdatesince2014forsomekeyendpoints.Theimplicationsofthefindingsfornoisepolicy andmanagement are briefly discussed. Finally, sometrends and research needs in the field of sound and healtharepresented.

Keynote:NickWimbush

94 Noise in planning and environmental impactassessmentinAustralia

Wimbush,Nick PlanningPanelsVictoria

ABSTRACTPlanningandenvironmental impactassessmentisessentiallytheconsiderationofchange;whetherdirectedandfacilitated,inplanning,or receivedas in thecaseof impactassessmentof proposals and strategies. Change nearly always involvestheconsiderationofthosewhoarethere,andthosewhomaycome.Thegenerationofsoundandtheregulationofnoiseinpolicy and legislation is in theory a relatively simpleundertaking. Standards or other criteria are set to protecthuman health from noise; measurements are made of theexisting environment and predictions of the change inenvironment made; and assessed against the agreedstandards to determine if therewill be unacceptable noise.Predicted exceedances of standards can be mitigated orprojectsredesignedtomeettherelevantstandard.Whythenis noise, whatever the source, whether windfarms, traffic,industrial,musicoranyother,oftenahotlycontestedissuein

planningandprojectimpactassessment?Thispaperexploresthe broader socio-economic and socio-political environmentaround the social license to emit sound and generatenoise.Using examples of projects primarily from Victoria itexplores our current approach to noise in planning andimpactassessmentanddiscusseskeychallengestoevidence-baseddecisionmaking.

D1-AM2-S1:Policy,regulations&standards

17 AS1055:2018revision

Tickell,Colin ChairStandardsAustraliaTechnicalCommitteeEV-010

ABSTRACTAustralian Standard "AS 1055-2018 Acoustics – descriptionandmeasurementofenvironmentalnoise"waspublished inlate2018as the latest revision to the long-running seriesofstandardsofthesamename,withthepreviousrevisionbeingdated 1997. This revision has followed the StandardsAustraliaprojectapprovalanddevelopmentsystemandwasapproved as a project in 2015 for completion by StandardsTechnical Committee EV-010 Acoustics, Community Noise.This revision consolidated theprevious three-partand threevolume standard into one single volume. The Standardappliesprimarilytonoiseemittedfromindustrial,commercialand residential premises. It excludes the setting ofenvironmental noise criteria. Such levels are set byregulations or organizational policy. A number of changesweremadetothestandardtobringitintolinewiththelatestrelevant international standards and instrumentation andmeasurement techniques. This paper provides a briefexplanation of how Australian Standards are currentlydevelopedor revised,aswellasa reviewof thecontentsoftheStandardforusersandsomeofthereasoningbehindthechanges to the previous versions. New methods of how toallowforfaçadereflectionsandtheinformativeappendixonassessmentofimpulsivenoisearealsodiscussed.

34 The relevance of the 2018 WHO noise guidelines toAustralasianroadtrafficnoiseobjectives.

Parnell,Jeffrey(1);Peng,Jeffrey(2)(1) New SouthWalesDepartment of Planning, Industry and

Environment,Australia(2) TransportforNewSouthWales,Australia

ABSTRACTRoad traffic noise criteria are generally established byregulators with reference to exposure-response relation-ships. The release of theWorld Health Organisation (WHO)NoiseGuidelines for theEuropeanRegion in2018 thereforehad global relevance as it purported to present the mostcontemporary guidance on road traffic noise impacts.ConsistentwithEuropeanUnionreportingrequirements,theday-evening-nightcompositenoisemetricwasreferenced.Inordertounderstandthe implicationsofthisWHOdocumenton policies across Australasia it is necessary to undertakecomparisons using a common noise descriptor. There are arange of noise metrics in use across the jurisdictions,





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however currently there is no robust process of convertingthe local noise metrics to the day-evening-night compositenoisemetric This paper uses a large data set ofNew SouthWales(NSW)roadtrafficnoisemeasurementscollectedfrommedium and highly trafficked routes as the basis for thedevelopment of such a process. This in turn allowscomparison not only to the WHO studies, but also to ISO1996-2:2017andtotheexposure-responsestudiesthathaveunderpinned the setting of noise objectives in NSW since1999. In this respect, the conversion protocol has alsoprovidedforolderstudiestobereconstructedandcomparedtomorecontemporarystudies.

64 Roadtrafficnoiseimpactsandpropertyturnover

Hinze,Benjamin(1);Laurence,Nicol(2)(1) AmbientMapsPtyLtd,Brisbane,Australia(2) StateMachine,Brisbane,Australia

ABSTRACTItisgenerallyacceptedthatadverseimpactsfromroadtrafficnoise will be reflected in lower property values and rentalprices for affected apartments and houses. However, theimpactthatroadtrafficnoisehasonrentalpropertyturnoverrates is not as well established. This study explored thatquestionbymodellingtheroadtrafficnoise levelsacrosssixsuburbs in Queensland and correlating the calculated noiselevelswithrentalturnoverrates.Theresultssuggestthatthepropertiesfrontingmajorroads,whichareexposedtohighernoise levels, generally have greater turnover rates thanproperties with lower road traffic noise levels within thesamesuburbs.Itissuggestedthatrentersunderestimatetheimpactsofroadtrafficnoiseontheirday-to-daylives,causingthemtorelocateinashorteramountoftimethanrentersofsimilarpropertieswithlowernoiseexposurelevels.


10 Noisefromamplifiedentertainmentvenues

Palmer,Ross PalmerAcoustics(Australia)Queensland

ABSTRACTUndertheoffenceprovisionsoftheQueenslandEPAAct1994an occupier of a premises may generate noise from anoutdooreventofup to70dB(A)at anearbynoise sensitivereceptor,betweenthehoursof7amand10pm,andbetween10pm and midnight of up to 50 dB(A) or background+10dB(A)(whicheveristhelessor).Thishasoftenbeenseento be the operating limit but is in reality the level atwhichpenalties can be applied.With current technology ofmusicsystems being employed in music festivals the focus is togeneratehighsoundpressurelevelsatlowfrequencies(40to80Hz),withverylittlemidtohighfrequencysound.Atthesefrequencies the “A” scale correction (-26 dB) applied to themusicmeansthatthedB(A)readingfromasoundmeterdoesnot represent audibility. The result is a sound that is wellunder the Queensland EPA offence limits, meets theexpectationsofthepatrons;andyetcantravel10kmandbeclearly audible but not measurable as a dB(A). Based uponexperienceinmanagingnoisefrommusicfestivalsthispaperpresentsa case for theuseofdB(C) for themanagementofenvironmentalnoisefromentertainmentvenuesandtheuseoflowerperformancecriteriontoprotectresidentialamenity.

85 Expected ambient noise levels in different land-useareas

Fitzell,RobertJohn RobertFitzellAcoustics,NSW,Australia

ABSTRACTTheplanning-stagepredictionofenvironmentalnoiseimpactat a regional level, for both stationary and stochasticallyvarying noise systems, is impeded by an absence ofindependentbenchmarkingforexpectedambientnoiselevelsinthoseareas.Thispaperpresentsaretrospectivereviewofhistoricalrecordsofambientnoisemeasurementcarriedoutbetween 1990 and 2015. The records were sorted intoclassificationsbasedonthelandareausageatthetime.Thefindings aim to assist development of a benchmark forambient noise based on land usage, consolidated intostatistical parameters, and includes a discussion of theassociated variances. The data is analysed to develop amethod for prediction of levels that could reasonably beexpectedfordifferentlandareauses,includingvariance.Theobjectiveof theprediction is to facilitateeffectivehigh-levelplanning, enabling the estimation of magnitude of noiseimpactlikelytoarisefromamajorinfrastructureorchangingland use development project in differing land use sectorswithinaregion.

D1-AM2-S2:Underwateracoustics1

25 Sediment characterization from acoustic echosoundingusinganartificialneuralnetwork

Ni, Haiyan (1,2,3); Ren,Qunran (1,2);Wang,Wenbo (1,2,3);Lu,Licheng(1,2);Ma,Li(1,2)(1) Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Environment,

ChineseAcademyofSciences(2) InstituteofAcoustics,ChineseAcademyofSciences(3) UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences

ABSTRACTIn 2018, an experiment was conducted for sedimentcharacterization off the coast of Qingdao, China, usinghydrographic systems. In this experiment, single-beam andmultibeamecho sounderswere towed along the ship track,which was approximately 120 km long and covered threemainsedimenttypes,i.e.,clayeysilt,sandysilt,andsiltysand.This study emphasizes the potential of using an artificialneural network (ANN) and the multibeam backscatter dataforperformingacousticsedimentcharacterization.Theindexof impedance (IOI) of the sediment as inverted from thesingle-beam sonar data is shown to be consistent with thecore sampling distribution,which is used to label themeanangular responsecurvesextracted from themultibeamdatainANNtraining.First,theANNistrainedtomaptherelationbetween themean angular response curves and IOI using atraining dataset; then, it is applied to a testing dataset topredict the IOIof thesediment.Fordataprocessing,80%ofthe available data are used for training, whereas theremaining 20% are used for testing. The preliminary resultsdenotethatthepredictionaccuracyontestingdatasetcanupto 90% within the absolute error tolerance of 0.1, showingthe feasibility of using an ANN for performing sedimentcharacterizationusingmultibeamdata.



ABSTRACTS

Plenary:DrIrenevanKamp

96 Update of the WHO evidence reviews and theirimplicationsforpolicyandresearch

vanKamp,Irene RIVM (National Institute for Public Health and the

Environment).Netherlands

ABSTRACTIthadbeenawhilesincethefirstWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)guidelinesforhealthprotectionagainstenvironmentalnoisewerepublished in1999. Since thenmanynewstudieson the health effects of environmental sound exposure athome have been performed and an update of the WHOenvironmental noise guideline saw light in November 2018.The earlier guidelines were primarily focused ontransportationnoise.AttheEuropeanMinisterialConferenceatParma in2010, theneed forguidelines forothersources,such aswind turbines and leisure noisewas emphasized. Inorder to achieve this, reviews were prepared on the mainhealthoutcomes, includingannoyance, sleep, cardiovasculardisease, cognitive effects, mental health, adverse birthoutcomes,hearingimpairmentandtheeffectivenessofnoiseinterventions intermsofhumanresponseandhealth.Thesesystematicliteraturereviewscovertheperiodbetween2000and 2014 and were published in a special issue of theInternational Journal of Environmental Research and PublicHealth (IJERPH) in 2017 and 2018). This paper provides anoverviewoftheevidence,includinganupdatesince2014forsomekeyendpoints.Theimplicationsofthefindingsfornoisepolicy andmanagement are briefly discussed. Finally, sometrends and research needs in the field of sound and healtharepresented.

Keynote:NickWimbush

94 Noise in planning and environmental impactassessmentinAustralia

Wimbush,Nick PlanningPanelsVictoria

ABSTRACTPlanningandenvironmental impactassessmentisessentiallytheconsiderationofchange;whetherdirectedandfacilitated,inplanning,or receivedas in thecaseof impactassessmentof proposals and strategies. Change nearly always involvestheconsiderationofthosewhoarethere,andthosewhomaycome.Thegenerationofsoundandtheregulationofnoiseinpolicy and legislation is in theory a relatively simpleundertaking. Standards or other criteria are set to protecthuman health from noise; measurements are made of theexisting environment and predictions of the change inenvironment made; and assessed against the agreedstandards to determine if therewill be unacceptable noise.Predicted exceedances of standards can be mitigated orprojectsredesignedtomeettherelevantstandard.Whythenis noise, whatever the source, whether windfarms, traffic,industrial,musicoranyother,oftenahotlycontestedissuein

planningandprojectimpactassessment?Thispaperexploresthe broader socio-economic and socio-political environmentaround the social license to emit sound and generatenoise.Using examples of projects primarily from Victoria itexplores our current approach to noise in planning andimpactassessmentanddiscusseskeychallengestoevidence-baseddecisionmaking.


17 AS1055:2018revision

Tickell,Colin ChairStandardsAustraliaTechnicalCommitteeEV-010

ABSTRACTAustralian Standard "AS 1055-2018 Acoustics – descriptionandmeasurementofenvironmentalnoise"waspublished inlate2018as the latest revision to the long-running seriesofstandardsofthesamename,withthepreviousrevisionbeingdated 1997. This revision has followed the StandardsAustraliaprojectapprovalanddevelopmentsystemandwasapproved as a project in 2015 for completion by StandardsTechnical Committee EV-010 Acoustics, Community Noise.This revision consolidated theprevious three-partand threevolume standard into one single volume. The Standardappliesprimarilytonoiseemittedfromindustrial,commercialand residential premises. It excludes the setting ofenvironmental noise criteria. Such levels are set byregulations or organizational policy. A number of changesweremadetothestandardtobringitintolinewiththelatestrelevant international standards and instrumentation andmeasurement techniques. This paper provides a briefexplanation of how Australian Standards are currentlydevelopedor revised,aswellasa reviewof thecontentsoftheStandardforusersandsomeofthereasoningbehindthechanges to the previous versions. New methods of how toallowforfaçadereflectionsandtheinformativeappendixonassessmentofimpulsivenoisearealsodiscussed.

34 The relevance of the 2018 WHO noise guidelines toAustralasianroadtrafficnoiseobjectives.

Parnell,Jeffrey(1);Peng,Jeffrey(2)(1) New SouthWalesDepartment of Planning, Industry and

Environment,Australia(2) TransportforNewSouthWales,Australia

ABSTRACTRoad traffic noise criteria are generally established byregulators with reference to exposure-response relation-ships. The release of theWorld Health Organisation (WHO)NoiseGuidelines for theEuropeanRegion in2018 thereforehad global relevance as it purported to present the mostcontemporary guidance on road traffic noise impacts.ConsistentwithEuropeanUnionreportingrequirements,theday-evening-nightcompositenoisemetricwasreferenced.Inordertounderstandthe implicationsofthisWHOdocumenton policies across Australasia it is necessary to undertakecomparisons using a common noise descriptor. There are arange of noise metrics in use across the jurisdictions,





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Keynote:StephenMoore

72 Acousticsignaturecontrolonmaritimeplatforms

Moore,Stephen DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,Fisherman’sBend,

Victoria,Australia

ABSTRACTThe Acoustic Signature Management Branch in DefenceScience and Technology Group (DST) develops technicalsolutionstocontroltheactiveandpassiveacousticsignaturesofRoyalAustralianNavyplatforms.Theaimistoimprovetheoperational effectiveness and survivability of the Navy'scurrent fleet, and the Branch also provides technical adviceduringtheacquisitionofnewplatforms.Thispaperpresentsanoverviewof theactiveandpassiveacoustic signaturesofmaritime platforms and themain factors that influence thesignatures.Researchby theAcousticSignatureManagementBranch on modelling and analysis of acoustic signaturegeneration and transmission is discussed with examples ofcollaborative research programs with academic andcommercialpartners.

D1-PM1-S1:Environmentalnoise

86 Noiseimpactanditsmagnitude


ABSTRACTThis paper researches and proposes criteria for theassessment of environmental noise impact. Limitations incurrentmethodsofassessmentareparticularlyevidentwhenconsideringmovingandstochasticallyvaryingnoisesystems,andwhenconsideringimpactfromdevelopmentthatmaybea change to land usage. The paper proposes a statisticallybasedmethodofimpactpredictionandassessmentbasedonEmergence and benchmarks the findings against long-established principles of impact assessment. The paperdemonstrates that Emergence, and therefore impact, is acomplex parameter unable to be simply evaluated usingstationarynoiselevelmetrics.Thepaperidentifiesimportantaspects of noise impact that are omitted by current noiseimpact assessment procedures and recommends both amethodology and associated acceptance criteria for amorerigorous impactassessmentmethod,consideringbothactiveandpassiveaspectsofimpact.

61 Noiseinabigcity-IsJerusalemdifferent?Broner,Norm BronerConsultingPtyLtd

ABSTRACTJerusalem is a capital city encompassing three religions andnearly 1 million inhabitants. The city is constrained in areaandconstructionactivitiesincludingnewroads,newlightraillines and office and residential buildings are ongoing. Inaddition, there are unique sources of noise complaints thatneedtobedealtwithsuchasmuez-zincallsfivetimesadayfrom mosques and music before the Sabbath fromsynagogueswhichhaveanoise impactonsomeneighbours.The acoustic challenges due to all these noise sources inJerusalemwillbeexploredinthispaper.

49 Remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) noise in anurbanenvironment

Latimore, Mark (1); Moyo, Clyton (1); Fenner, Belinda (1);Zissermann,Paul(1)(1) Environment and Community Branch, Air Navigation

ServicesGroup,AirservicesAustralia,Canberra,Australia

ABSTRACTDisturbance from Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS)will become more prevalent as their recreational andcommercialuseincreasesinurbanenvironments.NoisefromRPAS canbe verydistinct,with tonalqualities that sensitiveindividuals can find particularly annoying. This is an issuefaced both within Australia and worldwide. In 2018, theAustralian Government's Department of Infrastructure,Transport, Cities and Regional Development (theDepartment)providedapproval toacommercialoperatortoperform a trial of drone deliveries of food and householditemsatspecific locations inthesouthofCanberra. In2019,the delivery services were approved for four northernCanberra suburbs and two suburbs in South Brisbane. Thetrial in southCanberra in 2018hadmixed reviews from thecommunity and prompted the need to implement quieterdrone technologies in an urban environment. A review ofnoise regulationshasbeen initiatedby theDepartment thataddresses both RPAS and the new concept of urban airmobility (UAM) systems. This paper explores the existingregulatory framework inAustralia anddiscussesappropriatenoise certification standards and noise metrics. NoisemodellingresultsarealsopresentedforahypotheticalUAMoperatingscenariointheMelbournecentralbusinessdistrict(CBD).

63 Indiscernible noise – a review of acoustic criteria forimpulsivenoiseeventinpresenceofbackgroundnoise

Sheikh,Mahbub(1);Evenden,Craig(1);Terlich,Matthew(2)(1) AirandNoiseTeam,GHD.Newcastle,NSW,Australia(2) AirandNoiseTeam,GHD.Brisbane,QLD,Australia

ABSTRACTDiscernibility in presence of background noise is a complexaural phenomenon and not explicitly defined in scientificliterature. Policymakers often aim to control music andmechanical equipment noise egress by set-ting noiseemissioncriteriaas"inaudible"duringthenightperiodwhenbackground noise is relatively low. However, thequantification of "indiscernible" in relation to "typical"background noise is not well defined in the literature. Ascommonlyunderstoodbyacousticians,asubjectnoisesourcewill not significantly contribute to the ambient noiseenvironmentwhen the source level is 10dBormorebelowthe background noise level. Subjective perception of suchnoise depends on myriad of factors including the temporaland spectral content of the noise, noise sensitivity andcognitive perception of the subject and the subjectiveperception in context. The indiscernibility of sound in anoutdoor setting becomes even more complex when thesubjectnoisesource isof impulsivecharacter (i.e.gunshotsetc.).Itisofinteresttoinvestigatewhetherthe"Background-10 dB" rule ensures the indiscernibility to the majority ofsubjects in an outdoor context, when a noise source islocated outside or inside of a building in the vicinity of asensitivereceptor.Thispaperpresentsaliteraturereviewontheindiscernibilitynoisecriteriaofanimpulsivenoisesource,



35 Interchangeabilityof twoexisting formulationsofsoundpropagationinisothermalsurfaceducts

Zinoviev,Alex Defence Science & Technology Group, Edinburgh, South

Australia

ABSTRACTSound propagation in isothermal ducts is traditionallydescribed by a formulation based on the n2-linear soundspeedprofile (SSP)where the acoustic field is expressed viaAiry functions. The present author recently suggested analternativeformulationbasedonthen2-exponentialSSPwithacousticfielddescribedbyBesselfunctions.Inthispaper,itisshownthatthen2-exponentialSSPisabetterapproximationofthelinearSSP,butbothapproximationsarevalid,astheirdifferencewiththelinearSSPissmall.Also,verticalpressureprofiles are calculated by several methods combiningelementsofthetwoapproximations.It isdemonstratedthatthe methods involving exact calculations of the horizontalwavenumber produce most accurate results. Overall, it isshown that the two formulations are mutuallyinterchangeableandtheirvariouselementscanbecombinedtogether and utilised in acoustic propagation modellingdepending on convenience of their use in a particularenvironment.

36 Acousticpropagationinrealistic3Dnonlinearinternalwaves

Duncan, Alec (1); Shimizu, Kenji (2); Parnum, Iain (1);MacLeod,Rod(3);Buchan,SteveJ(4)(1) Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin

University,Perth,WesternAustralia(2) CivilEngineering,KobeUniversity,Japan(3) Defence Science & Technology Group, HMAS Stirling,

Rockingham,WesternAustralia(4) RPSMetOcean,Jolimont,WesternAustralia

ABSTRACTNonlinear internal waves are a feature ofmany continentalmargins, particularly those with large tidal ranges such asAustralia's Northwest Shelf. This paper extends previousworkontheeffectsof idealisednonlinear internalwavesonacoustic propagation atmid-frequency sonar frequencies tothecaseofa realistic, fully three-dimensional, timeevolvinginternal wave field. The internal wave field was modelledusingMITgcm,whichisastateoftheart,three-dimensional,non-hydrostatichydrodynamicmodel. Timeevolving, three-dimensional sound velocity fields were calculated from theMITgcmtemperatureand salinityoutputsandusedas inputto the Bellhop3D acoustic propagation model, which wasused to calculate the variations in transmission loss thatoccurred as a nonlinear internal wave train crossed theacoustic transmissionpath. Resultswerebroadly consistentwith those obtained previously using the idealised internalwave train but predicted somewhat smaller changes intransmission loss between horizontally focussed anddefocussedconditionsofup to18dBcom-paredtochangesof up to 30 dB obtained with the idealised internal waves.Analysis of more events is required in order to test therobustnessofthisresult.

6 Estimates of coherent leakage of sound from oceansurfaceductsforfirstandhigherordermodes

Jones, Adrian D. (1); Zinoviev, Alex (1); Duncan, Alec (2);Zhang,ZhiYong(1)(1) Defence Science & Technology Group, Edinburgh, South

Australia(2) Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin

University,Perth,WesternAustralia

ABSTRACTIn earlier work, the authors established that the coherentleakage of sound from amixed layer surface duct could beestimated for the first acousticmodewith reference to theanalysisofFurry(inD.E.Kerr,ed.,PropagationofShortRadioWaves, McGraw-Hill, 1951). By further consideration ofFurry’s analysis, is it straightforward to arrive at theconclusionthat leakageratesforanymode,whenexpressedasadB lossoverthedistanceofasurfaceskipfora limitingray in the duct, will be expected to be a function of tworatios:frequencyasaproportionofducttrappingfrequency,andtheratioofsoundspeedgradientsintheductandbelow.Basedonthisexpectation,algorithmshavebeenpreparedtoestimate the rate of leakage of the coherent signal from asurfaceduct, forthefirstmodeandforhigherordermodes.The effectiveness of the algorithms is demonstrated bycomparisonofleakageestimatesagainstvaluesobtainedbyanominallyexactiterativetechnique.

22 Long-rangeaveragereverberationintensityattenuationcharacteristicsinshallowwater

Hou,Qiannan(1);Wu,Jinrong(1);Ma,Li(1)(1) Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Environment,

InstituteofAcoustics,ChineseAcademyofSciences

ABSTRACTReverberation experiments in shallow water showed thatreverberationaverageintensitycouldbedescribedasastagefunction composed of two proximate linear function withdifferentslopes in termsof logarithmof time. In the formersection, reverberation came from close range, where thereverberation gradient for logarithmof timewas smaller. Inthe latter section, reverberation came from long range,wherethegradientwasmuchlarger.Thedemarcationofthisstage function is not dependent on signal pulse length orsignalfrequency,butdependentonthecharacteristicsofthewaveguide. The simulation illustrated this by analysing theeffectivenormalmodesvarying range.Thecharacteristicsoftwo-way propagation and backscattering intensity bothcontrolled the position of the cut-off point. The experimentalsoshowsthatthedemarcationhasacloserelationshipwithsediment. For the shallow water with tough sediment, thedemarcation of reverberation average intensity attenuationcharacteristicsexhibitsalagperformance.





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Keynote:StephenMoore

72 Acousticsignaturecontrolonmaritimeplatforms

Moore,Stephen DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,Fisherman’sBend,

Victoria,Australia

ABSTRACTThe Acoustic Signature Management Branch in DefenceScience and Technology Group (DST) develops technicalsolutionstocontroltheactiveandpassiveacousticsignaturesofRoyalAustralianNavyplatforms.Theaimistoimprovetheoperational effectiveness and survivability of the Navy'scurrent fleet, and the Branch also provides technical adviceduringtheacquisitionofnewplatforms.Thispaperpresentsanoverviewof theactiveandpassiveacoustic signaturesofmaritime platforms and themain factors that influence thesignatures.Researchby theAcousticSignatureManagementBranch on modelling and analysis of acoustic signaturegeneration and transmission is discussed with examples ofcollaborative research programs with academic andcommercialpartners.

D1-PM1-S1:Environmentalnoise

86 Noiseimpactanditsmagnitude


ABSTRACTThis paper researches and proposes criteria for theassessment of environmental noise impact. Limitations incurrentmethodsofassessmentareparticularlyevidentwhenconsideringmovingandstochasticallyvaryingnoisesystems,andwhenconsideringimpactfromdevelopmentthatmaybea change to land usage. The paper proposes a statisticallybasedmethodofimpactpredictionandassessmentbasedonEmergence and benchmarks the findings against long-established principles of impact assessment. The paperdemonstrates that Emergence, and therefore impact, is acomplex parameter unable to be simply evaluated usingstationarynoiselevelmetrics.Thepaperidentifiesimportantaspects of noise impact that are omitted by current noiseimpact assessment procedures and recommends both amethodology and associated acceptance criteria for amorerigorous impactassessmentmethod,consideringbothactiveandpassiveaspectsofimpact.

61 Noiseinabigcity-IsJerusalemdifferent?Broner,Norm BronerConsultingPtyLtd

ABSTRACTJerusalem is a capital city encompassing three religions andnearly 1 million inhabitants. The city is constrained in areaandconstructionactivitiesincludingnewroads,newlightraillines and office and residential buildings are ongoing. Inaddition, there are unique sources of noise complaints thatneedtobedealtwithsuchasmuez-zincallsfivetimesadayfrom mosques and music before the Sabbath fromsynagogueswhichhaveanoise impactonsomeneighbours.The acoustic challenges due to all these noise sources inJerusalemwillbeexploredinthispaper.

49 Remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) noise in anurbanenvironment

Latimore, Mark (1); Moyo, Clyton (1); Fenner, Belinda (1);Zissermann,Paul(1)(1) Environment and Community Branch, Air Navigation


ABSTRACTDisturbance from Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS)will become more prevalent as their recreational andcommercialuseincreasesinurbanenvironments.NoisefromRPAS canbe verydistinct,with tonal qualities that sensitiveindividuals can find particularly annoying. This is an issuefaced both within Australia and worldwide. In 2018, theAustralian Government's Department of Infrastructure,Transport, Cities and Regional Development (theDepartment)providedapproval toacommercialoperatortoperform a trial of drone deliveries of food and householditemsatspecific locations inthesouthofCanberra. In2019,the delivery services were approved for four northernCanberra suburbs and two suburbs in South Brisbane. Thetrial in southCanberra in 2018hadmixed reviews from thecommunity and prompted the need to implement quieterdrone technologies in an urban environment. A review ofnoise regulationshasbeen initiatedby theDepartment thataddresses both RPAS and the new concept of urban airmobility (UAM) systems. This paper explores the existingregulatory framework inAustralia anddiscussesappropriatenoise certification standards and noise metrics. NoisemodellingresultsarealsopresentedforahypotheticalUAMoperatingscenariointheMelbournecentralbusinessdistrict(CBD).

63 Indiscernible noise – a review of acoustic criteria forimpulsivenoiseeventinpresenceofbackgroundnoise

Sheikh,Mahbub(1);Evenden,Craig(1);Terlich,Matthew(2)(1) AirandNoiseTeam,GHD.Newcastle,NSW,Australia(2) AirandNoiseTeam,GHD.Brisbane,QLD,Australia

ABSTRACTDiscernibility in presence of background noise is a complexaural phenomenon and not explicitly defined in scientificliterature. Policymakers often aim to control music andmechanical equipment noise egress by set-ting noiseemissioncriteriaas"inaudible"duringthenightperiodwhenbackground noise is relatively low. However, thequantification of "indiscernible" in relation to "typical"background noise is not well defined in the literature. Ascommonlyunderstoodbyacousticians,asubjectnoisesourcewill not significantly contribute to the ambient noiseenvironmentwhen the source level is 10dBormorebelowthe background noise level. Subjective perception of suchnoise depends on myriad of factors including the temporaland spectral content of the noise, noise sensitivity andcognitive perception of the subject and the subjectiveperception in context. The indiscernibility of sound in anoutdoor setting becomes even more complex when thesubjectnoisesource isof impulsivecharacter (i.e.gunshotsetc.).Itisofinteresttoinvestigatewhetherthe"Background-10 dB" rule ensures the indiscernibility to the majority ofsubjects in an outdoor context, when a noise source islocated outside or inside of a building in the vicinity of asensitivereceptor.Thispaperpresentsaliteraturereviewontheindiscernibilitynoisecriteriaofanimpulsivenoisesource,





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locatedatindoororoutdoorenvironment,inthepresenceofbackground noise. The findingswill be especially of interestfor Defence and law enforcement building design to ensurethe safe operation of the facility and address the acousticamenityofreceiversinthesurroundingenvironment.

31 Theuseofprobabilisticnoisemodelling in thedesignofopencutmines

Procter,Tim(1);Brown,A.Lex(1)(1) Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University,

Brisbane,Australia

ABSTRACTCommunity, regulatory and environmental pressures haveresultedinthedevelopmentofaniterativeapproachtomineplan design. This is a staged approach that considers hownoise, air and water quality and ecological impacts ofdifferentmineplanoptionsaffect theviabilityof theminingdevelopment. The traditional deterministic noise modellingprocess is used to predict the area of noise affectationof apredefinedmineplan resulting in theacquisitionofaffectedproperties. The deterministic modelling process typicallyincludesasensitivityanalysistounderstandtheuncertaintiesassociatedwith the impactofoperational changes,machineselection and changes in meteorological conditions on thearea of noise affectation. The results are expressed as arange of predicted noise levels at each receiver location.Contemporary iterativemineplandesignprocessesconsiderthe economic operability of the mine, the environmentalimpacts of the operation, as well as the communityacceptance of the development before determining anacceptable area of affectation. Rather than determine thearea of affectation for a predefinedmineplan, the iterativeapproach requires the planners to de-sign amine plan thatcan operate within an acceptable area of affectation.Probabilistic noisemodelling is then used to investigate theoperationalchangesrequiredbythemineforthenoiselevelsto remainwithin theacceptableareaofnoiseaffectationastemporal and spatial conditions change. Aswith traditionaldeterministic modelling methods, probabilistic noisemodelling includes meteorological conditions, groundproperties, terrain features, source sound power anddirectivity,andreceivergeometry. However, inprobabilisticnoisemodellingtheresultsareexpressedasapercentageoftime that different operational changes, such as equipmentrelocation or shut down, may be required so that theacceptableareaofaffectationisrealised.Thispaperoutlinesthe application of probabilistic noise modelling for theiterativedesignofopencutminingoperations.

D1-PM1-S2:Underwateracoustics2

29 InvestigationoftemporalcoherenceandrelatedissuesduringtheLittoralContinuousActiveSonar2016trial

Lourey,Simon(1);Lau,James(presenter,1)(1) Defence Science & Technology Group, Edinburgh, South

Australia

ABSTRACTIntraditionalpulsedactivesonar(PAS)systems,theprojectortransmitsforashortintervalandmostoftheoperatingcycleis spent listening for echoes. Continuous Active Sonar (CAS)transmits continuously and relies on themodulation of thetransmissiontodistinguishthe(weak)echoesfromthe(verystrong)directtransmission.Intheory,detectionperformance

inthepresenceofnoiseanddirecttransmissioninterferenceis improved by increasing the integration period of thedetector. Inrealitytheuseful integrationperiod is limitedtothe period that the channel is (approximately) stationary orcoherent. Exceeding the coherence length can result inreduced detection performance due to destructiveinterference in the detector. Channel coherence length isknown to be time-variable and it is important to guardagainst the use of channel characterisations that are nolongervalid.Inthispaperweexploretheseeffectsusingdatafrom the Littoral Continuous Active Sonar 2016 (LCAS' 16)trial,with a goal of understanding the relationship betweencoherence length and detection performance. Finally weexplorehowdetectionperformance is affectedby choiceofintegrationlength.

93 Acoustic velocity signatures of airguns - preliminaryresults

Killeen,Damien(1);Duncan,Alec(2),(1) DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,Australia(2) Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin


ABSTRACTArrays of airguns are routinely used as sound sources forseismicsurveysoftheseafloorsubstrate.Whiletheiracousticpressure signature is well understood, less is known abouttheacousticvelocity signatureofairgunarrays.Bygainingabetter understanding of airgun acoustic velocity signatures,the impact theyhaveonmarine fauna that relyon acousticvelocity to 'hear' can be more accurately assessed. ThispresentationoutlinesadatasetgatheredbyCMSTinordertocharacteriseairgunacousticvelocitysignatures,andpresentspreliminaryresultsoftheanalysisconductedtodate.

53 An improved correlation of bubble size distributionwith themeasured acoustic spectrum for a turbulentbubbleplume

Chen,Li DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,Fisherman’sBend,

Victoria,Australia

ABSTRACTBubble size distribution is of great interest in manyengineering applications. Measuring this quantity in aturbulentbubbleplumepresentsachallengetoconventionaltechniques,suchasphotographyandultrasonicimaging.Thispaper presents an improved correlation of bubble sizedistribution in turbulent bubble plumes with the measuredsoundspectrum.Theimprovedcorrelationincludesboththeeffect of sound attenuation through the bubble plume andtheeffectoftheformedbubblesizesonthemagnitudeofthegenerated sound. An iterative method is also used in thesolution process. The model is applied to highly turbulentbubble plumes generated at different facilities. It has beenfound that the total flow rates predicted by using theimprovedcorrelationagreewellwiththemeasureddataandconfirm that the magnitude of bubble formation sound isindeeddependentupontheflowconditions.





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98 Exploringtheclassificationofacoustic transientswithmachinelearning

Padfield,Nick Defence Science & Technology Group, HMAS Stirling,

WesternAustralia

ABSTRACTMachine learningtechniquesaresonumerousthat itcanbedifficult foramachine learningnovice toput themtouse intheir specific disciplineunless theyhave third-partywork tostudy.Thereisnota lotofpreviousworkinthedisciplineofunderwater acoustics, but the potential for benefits inclassification and detection are clear. This paper describeshow desktop tools have been put to work on a transientclassification task using a fewmachine learning techniques.The paper shows how the most complex techniques mayseem to be the most intuitively appropriate, but can beoverkill for this application. A much simplerdetector/classifier is demonstrated and advice for fellowresearchersinthedisciplineisprovided.

D1-PM2-S1: Transportation noise 1 - Roadtrafficnoise

57 Investigation of uniform and non-uniform trafficdistributiononroadtrafficnoiseprediction formulti-laneroadways

Hall,Nic (1);Wassermann, John (presenter, 1); Jeffrey, Peng(2);Jeffrey,Parnell(3)(1) WilkinsonMurray,Australia(2) TransportforNewSouthWales,Australia(3) New SouthWalesDepartment of Planning, Industry and

Environment,Australia

ABSTRACTRoad traffic noise prediction is routinely undertaken as partof environmental impact assessments to assist governmentplanningauthoritiestounderstandthepotentialnoiseimpactthat could arise from proposed road infrastructuredevelopment projects. Typically, road traffic noise modelsdeveloped inNewSouthWalesdetailall lanesofa roadwayandassumeuniformdistributionoftrafficvolumeandvehiclemix across the lanes of each carriageway. In thiswork, theeffects of uniform and non-uniform traffic distribution onroad traffic noise prediction for multi-lane roadways areinvestigated.Modelswithall lanesdetailedarecomparedtosimplified two-lane models for a range of receiver setbackdistancesandshieldingarrangements.

79 Comparisonofequivalentcontinuousnoiselevelsandday-evening-night composite noise indicators forassessmentofroadtrafficnoise

Peng,Jeffrey(1);Parnell,Jeffrey(1,2);Kessissoglou,Nicole(1)(1) School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering,

TheUniversityofNewSouthWales,Sydney,Australia(2) New SouthWalesDepartment of Planning, Industry and

Environment,Australia

ABSTRACTEnvironmentalroadtrafficnoiseexposureindicatorsadoptedbyAustralasianroadauthorities,correspondingtoequivalentcontinuous sound levels specified over different assessmenttimeperiodswithina24-hourperiod,arecomparedwith24-

hourcomposite indicatorscomprisingday-evening-nightandday-night assessment periods that place higher importanceon night-time noise impact. The aforementioned equivalentcontinuous sound levels specified over different assessmenttime periods and composite noise indicators are calculatedusing measured hourly road traffic noise levels atrepresentative locations in urban and rural areas in NewSouthWales.Further,thecorrespondingroadtrafficdata(fullclassification vehicle counts and vehicle speeds) areused asinputs to the well-established CNOSSOS-EU, CoRTN andFHWA-TNMroadtrafficnoisepredictionmodels,fromwhichtheequivalentcontinuoussound levelsandcompositenoiseindicators are then predicted. Using the noise indicators,measured noise levels and predicted noise levels from thethreeroadtrafficmodelsatroadsidelocationsalonganurbanarterialroadandaninterstatefreightroutearecompared.

44 Long term acoustic performance of different asphaltconfigurations

McIntosh, James (1); Wong, Felice (1); Macha, Pascal (2);Buret,Marc(3)(1) VictorianDepartmentofTransport,Australia(2) VipacEngineers&Scientists,Australia(3) EnvironmentProtectionAuthorityVictoria,Australia

ABSTRACTVicRoads(nowVictoria'sDepartmentofTransport)andVipacEngineers & Scientists have been conducting a long-termasphalt noise trial since early 2013. Noise levels for fivedifferent asphalt configurations have been measured usingthe Close Proximity Method and On-Board Sound IntensityMethod.OneofthetrialsectionsisanOpenGradedAsphalt(OGA)initiallytreatedbyhorizontalgrindingofthetop1to2mm of the surface, resulting in a smooth, negative texture.Early tests have shown that the overall noise levels for thissectionwere consistently lower than those for the standardOGA by up to 3 dB. The acoustic performance of thepavementsoveraperiodofnearlysixyearsispresented.

47 RONDACPXtrailermeasurementsinQueensland

Chung, Michael (1); Hinze, Benjamin (2); Kim, David (1);Macabenta,Neil(1)(1) RenzoTonin&Associates,SurryHills,NewSouthWales,

Australia(2) AmbientMapsPtyLtd,Queensland,Australia

ABSTRACTRONDA (ROad Noise Data Acquirer) is a CPX trailerconforming to ISO 11819-2 for the measurement of tyre-pavementnoise.Thetrailerisoftheopenframetypewithoutan enclosure. Tyre-pavement noise measurements along amajormotorwayinQueenslandwererecentlyundertakentoquantify noise levels for various pavement types along themotorway,which includes a variety of concrete and asphaltpavements. Measurement datawas analysed to determinethe tyre-pavement noise levels for each specific pavementtype. Itwas foundthat tyre-pavementnoise levelswerenottightly grouped for the pavement types measured due tovarying pavement conditions including levels of wear,presenceofexpansioncracksandroadrepairs.



locatedatindoororoutdoorenvironment,inthepresenceofbackground noise. The findingswill be especially of interestfor Defence and law enforcement building design to ensurethe safe operation of the facility and address the acousticamenityofreceiversinthesurroundingenvironment.

31 Theuseofprobabilisticnoisemodelling in thedesignofopencutmines

Procter,Tim(1);Brown,A.Lex(1)(1) Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University,

Brisbane,Australia

ABSTRACTCommunity, regulatory and environmental pressures haveresultedinthedevelopmentofaniterativeapproachtomineplan design. This is a staged approach that considers hownoise, air and water quality and ecological impacts ofdifferentmineplanoptionsaffect theviabilityof theminingdevelopment. The traditional deterministic noise modellingprocess is used to predict the area of noise affectationof apredefinedmineplan resulting in theacquisitionofaffectedproperties. The deterministic modelling process typicallyincludesasensitivityanalysistounderstandtheuncertaintiesassociatedwith the impactofoperational changes,machineselection and changes in meteorological conditions on thearea of noise affectation. The results are expressed as arange of predicted noise levels at each receiver location.Contemporary iterativemineplandesignprocessesconsiderthe economic operability of the mine, the environmentalimpacts of the operation, as well as the communityacceptance of the development before determining anacceptable area of affectation. Rather than determine thearea of affectation for a predefinedmineplan, the iterativeapproach requires the planners to de-sign amine plan thatcan operate within an acceptable area of affectation.Probabilistic noisemodelling is then used to investigate theoperationalchangesrequiredbythemineforthenoiselevelsto remainwithin theacceptableareaofnoiseaffectationastemporal and spatial conditions change. Aswith traditionaldeterministic modelling methods, probabilistic noisemodelling includes meteorological conditions, groundproperties, terrain features, source sound power anddirectivity,andreceivergeometry. However, inprobabilisticnoisemodellingtheresultsareexpressedasapercentageoftime that different operational changes, such as equipmentrelocation or shut down, may be required so that theacceptableareaofaffectationisrealised.Thispaperoutlinesthe application of probabilistic noise modelling for theiterativedesignofopencutminingoperations.


29 InvestigationoftemporalcoherenceandrelatedissuesduringtheLittoralContinuousActiveSonar2016trial

Lourey,Simon(1);Lau,James(presenter,1)(1) Defence Science & Technology Group, Edinburgh, South

Australia

ABSTRACTIntraditionalpulsedactivesonar(PAS)systems,theprojectortransmitsforashortintervalandmostoftheoperatingcycleis spent listening for echoes. Continuous Active Sonar (CAS)transmits continuously and relies on themodulation of thetransmissiontodistinguishthe(weak)echoesfromthe(verystrong)directtransmission.Intheory,detectionperformance

inthepresenceofnoiseanddirecttransmissioninterferenceis improved by increasing the integration period of thedetector. Inrealitytheuseful integrationperiod is limitedtothe period that the channel is (approximately) stationary orcoherent. Exceeding the coherence length can result inreduced detection performance due to destructiveinterference in the detector. Channel coherence length isknown to be time-variable and it is important to guardagainst the use of channel characterisations that are nolongervalid.Inthispaperweexploretheseeffectsusingdatafrom the Littoral Continuous Active Sonar 2016 (LCAS' 16)trial,with a goal of understanding the relationship betweencoherence length and detection performance. Finally weexplorehowdetectionperformance is affectedby choiceofintegrationlength.

93 Acoustic velocity signatures of airguns - preliminaryresults

Killeen,Damien(1);Duncan,Alec(2),(1) DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,Australia(2) Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin


ABSTRACTArrays of airguns are routinely used as sound sources forseismicsurveysoftheseafloorsubstrate.Whiletheiracousticpressure signature is well understood, less is known abouttheacousticvelocity signatureofairgunarrays.Bygainingabetter understanding of airgun acoustic velocity signatures,the impact theyhaveonmarine fauna that relyon acousticvelocity to 'hear' can be more accurately assessed. ThispresentationoutlinesadatasetgatheredbyCMSTinordertocharacteriseairgunacousticvelocitysignatures,andpresentspreliminaryresultsoftheanalysisconductedtodate.

53 An improved correlation of bubble size distributionwith themeasured acoustic spectrum for a turbulentbubbleplume

Chen,Li DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,Fisherman’sBend,

Victoria,Australia

ABSTRACTBubble size distribution is of great interest in manyengineering applications. Measuring this quantity in aturbulentbubbleplumepresentsachallengetoconventionaltechniques,suchasphotographyandultrasonicimaging.Thispaper presents an improved correlation of bubble sizedistribution in turbulent bubble plumes with the measuredsoundspectrum.Theimprovedcorrelationincludesboththeeffect of sound attenuation through the bubble plume andtheeffectoftheformedbubblesizesonthemagnitudeofthegenerated sound. An iterative method is also used in thesolution process. The model is applied to highly turbulentbubble plumes generated at different facilities. It has beenfound that the total flow rates predicted by using theimprovedcorrelationagreewellwiththemeasureddataandconfirm that the magnitude of bubble formation sound isindeeddependentupontheflowconditions.





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48 Signature whistles of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins(Tursiops aduncus) in the Fremantle Inner Harbour,WesternAustralia

Erbe, Christine (1); Salgado-Kent, Chandra (1,2,3); Winter,Simone (1); Marley, Sarah (4); Ward, Rhianne (1)Duncan,Alec(presenter,1)(1) Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin

University,Perth,WesternAustralia(2) Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan

University,Joondalup,WesternAustralia(3) OceansBlueprint,Coogee,WesternAustralia(4) Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth,

UnitedKingdom

ABSTRACTA community of ~21 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins(Tursiopsaduncus),plus calves, resides in theSwanCanningRiverpark, Perth, Western Australia. A complete photo-identification catalogue has been maintained for close to adecade. Regular visual monitoring of individuals in thiscommunity can be laborious and expensive. Bottlenosedolphins elsewhere have been shown to emit so-calledsignature whistles, by which individual animals can beidentified.Passiveacousticlisteningisanefficientmonitoringtool in the marine environment and hence an attractiveoption for monitoring individuals within this small dolphincommunity—if individual photo-ID can be matched withsignaturewhistles. Archived underwater acoustic recordingsand photographs of individual dolphins at the surfacewerematched chronologically. Dolphins were always present ingroups rather than individually. Consequently, to assesswhetherdistinctivewhistlescouldbeassociatedwithcertainindividuals, the likelihoods that catalogued individuals werepresent when specific whistle types were heard werecomputedbycalculatingthepercentageofthetotalnumberofoccasionsindividualdolphinswereinthestudyareawhenthe whistle was produced. While a larger sample size isneeded to capture all individuals in diverse groupings, thisstudyprovidesthefirststepindevelopingapassiveacousticmonitoringprogramforindividualsinthissmallcommunity.

26 A passive acoustic survey for marine mammalsconducted during the 2019 Antarctic voyage onEuphausiids and Nutrient Recycling in CetaceanHotspots(ENRICH)

Miller,BrianS.(1);Calderan,Susannah(1);Miller,Elanor(1);Širović, Ana (2); Stafford, Kathleen M. (3); Bell, Elanor (1);Double,MichaelC.(1)(1) AustralianAntarcticDivision,KingstonTasmania,Australia(2) TexasA&MUniversityGalveston,USA(3) UniversityofWashington,SeattleWashington,USA

ABSTRACTThe2019ENRICHVoyage(EuphausiidsandNutrientRecyclingin Cetacean Hotspots), was conducted from 19 January – 5March 2019, aboard the RV Investigator. The voyagedepartedfromandreturnedtoHobart,Tasma-nia,Australia,and conductedmost marine science operations in the areabetween 60°S – 67°S and 138°E – 152°E. As part of themultidisciplinary research programme, a passive acousticsurveyformarinemammalswasundertakenforthedurationof thevoyage,with themaingoal tomonitor forand locate

groups of calling Antarctic blue whales (Balaenopteramusculus intermedia). Directional sonobuoys were used at295listeningstations,whichresultedin828hoursofacousticrecordings.Monitoringalsotookplaceforpygmyblue,(B.m.brevicauda), fin, (B. physalus), sperm (Physetermacrocephalus),humpback(Megapteranovaeangliae),sei(B.borealis), and Antarctic minke whales (B. bonarensis); forleopard (Hydrurga leptonyx), crabeater (Lobodoncarcinophaga),Ross(Ommatophocarossii),andWeddellseals(Leptonychotesweddellii),andforodontocete(lowfrequencywhistles) vocalisations during each listening station.Calibratedmeasurementsofthebearingandintensityofthemajority of calls fromblue and finwhaleswere obtained inreal time. 33,435 calls from Antarctic blue whales weredetected at 238 listening stations throughout the voyage,most of them south of 60°S. Southeast Indian Ocean bluewhale song was detected primarily between 47° and 55°Swhile the southwest Pacific blue whale song was recordedbetween44°and48°S.Mostbaleenwhaleandsealcallsweredetectedalongthecontinentalshelfbreakinthestudyregionbut some were also detected in deeper waters. Marinemammal calls were uncommon on the shelf, which did nothave any ice cover during the survey. Calling Antarctic bluewhales were tracked and located on multiple occasions toenablecloserstudyoftheirfine-scalemovementsandcallingbehaviour as well as enabling collection of photo ID,behavioural,andphotogrammetrydata.Thepassiveacousticdata collected during this voyage will allow investigation ofthe distribution of Antarctic blue whales in relation toenvironmental correlates measured during ENRICH, with afocusonbluewhaleprey.

82 Surface generated underwater noise in open andenclosedwaters

Cato,DouglasH(1,2)(1) MaritimeDivision,DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,

Sydney,Australia(2) School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sidney,

Australia

ABSTRACTMeasurementsofsurfacenoiseinopenandenclosedwatersshow differences in spectral characteristics, particularly atfrequenciesbelowafewhundredhertz.Thispapercomparesmeasurements in Woronora Dam, a freshwater reservoirsouthofSydney,withthosefromthepartlyenclosedwatersofSpencerGulfandwithmeasurementsintheopenocean.Italso discusses possible reasons for the differences and theinsights these give to mechanisms of sound generation bybreaking waves. The lowest measured noise levels inWoronora Damwerewell below those usuallymeasured atsea.Verylowfrequencynoisecausedbyanon-lineareffectofsurfacewave interaction peaked at higher frequencies thanat sea, consistent with the higher frequency peak in thesurface wave spectrum. Noise from breaking waves atfrequencies above 100 Hz showed a similar dependence onwind speed as observed at sea for locally measured windspeeds,butlevelsweremuchlowerforthesamewindspeedsand did not show the low frequency (below a few hundredhertz)componentevidentatsea.





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56 IcebergsandstormsintheSouthernOceanassourcesof low frequency noise along Australian southerncoasts

Zhang,ZhiYong(1);Gavrilov,Alexander(2)(1) MaritimeDivision,DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,

Edinburgh,SouthAustralia(2) Centre for Marine Science & Technology, Curtin


ABSTRACTOwingtothecoldwaterssouthoftheAntarcticCircumpolarCurrent, sound from sources near the ocean surface canefficiently couple into the sound channel and be ductednorthwardsto fardistances.Recentresearchhasshown ice-breaking and iceberg calving inAntarctica and the SouthernOcean as significant contributors to low frequency noise inthe south Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The SouthernOceanisalsowellknownforitsstrongwesterlywinds(knownbysailorsasthe"furiousfifties"and"screamingsixties")duetothecombinationofairflowfromtheEquatortowardstheSouth Pole, the Earth's rotation, and the scarcity oflandmassestoserveaswindbreaks.Itwassuggested30yearsagothatstrongwindsintheSouthernOceanwerethedistantsources of low-frequency noise observed in the deeptemperateoceansatlowlatitudes.Inthispaper,weexaminethecharacteristicsoflow-frequencyoceannoiserecordedoffAustraliancoastsandtheirrelationshipwithice-breakingandwinds in the Southern Ocean. Significant correlation wasfound between the low frequency noise levels and windspeedssouthoftheAntarcticpolarfrontforsomebutnotallsituations.Whilstmorecomprehensiveanalysis isneededtodraw definite conclusions, wind storms in the SouthernOcean may contribute to the low frequency noise floorobserved at sites off Australian coasts where the soundpropagation path from Antarctica is not blocked by land orshallowseabeds.

Plenary:ProfessorJianKang

11 Urbansoundplanning–asoundscapeapproach

Kang,Jian UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering,

TheBartlett,UniversityCollegeLondon,UnitedKingdom

ABSTRACTIn the field of environmental acoustics, the conventionalapproach, i.e. reduction of ‘sound level’, does not alwaysdeliver the required improvements in quality of life.Soundscape,byconsideringsoundenvironmentasperceived,in context, with an interdisciplinary approach, represents astep change. This paper explores a soundscape approach inthe urban sound planning process. A framework is firstproposed for designing soundscape in urban open publicspaces, considering four key components: characteristics ofeach sound source, acoustic effects of the space,social/demographic aspect of the users, and other physicalconditions. Consequently, the design potentials for the fourkey components, namely sounds, space, people andenvironment, are demonstrated. Designing/planningtools/models for soundscapes are then presented, includinganauralisationsoftwarepackagefordesignmodificationandpublic participation, and an artificial neural network modelfor predicting acoustic comfort based on various designvariables. Finally, the potentials and scope of soundscape

approacharediscussed,intermsofincreasingsafety,culturalpreservation, andmanagementof the variousnoise sourcessuchasdeliverysoundsandtrafficsounds.

Keynote:AdjunctProfessorJohnDavy

4 Structural connections and the sound insulation ofcavitywallsanddoubleglazing

Davy,JohnLaurence RMITUniversity&CSIRO,Victoria,Australia

ABSTRACTStructuralconnectionsbetweenthewallleavesofdoubleleafcavity walls can reduce the sound insulation of the wall.Structuralconnections,whicharerigidenough,canmovethemass-air-massresonantfrequencytoahigherfrequencyanddecrease the sound insulation of the wall in the importantlowfrequencyregion.Atmidandhighfrequencies,thesoundinsulation of large air gap double glazed windows iscontrolled by vibration transmission between the two glasspanes via the window frame. This problem can be partiallyovercomebyusingprimaryandsecondaryglazingratherthansealeddoubleglazedunits.

D2-AM2-S1:Transportationnoise2-Aircraftnoise

65 CitywidenoisemappingforANEFContours

Hinze, Byenjamin (1); Tsakiris, Janos (1); Zhao, Jessica (1);Tang,Wei(1)(1) AmbientMapsPtyLtd,Brisbane,Australia

ABSTRACTAircraft Noise Exposure Forecast (ANEF) contour maps aretypicallydeveloped formajorairportsonly. It isuncommonfor such maps to be developed for smaller metropolitanairports, regional airports and aerodromes. Furthermore,flight paths that are outside the vicinity of airports are notgenerallyconsideredwhendevelopingthenoisemodelsusedtogenerateANEFcontours.Itwassuspectedthattheaircraftnoise exposure levels around smallermetropolitan airports,regional airports and aerodromes, as well as metropolitanareasawayfrommajorairports,maybecomparabletothosedocumented in the published ANEF contours for the majorairports, albeit with a smaller footprint. To investigate this,weacquireddataforaircraftmovementsacrossAustraliaandNew Zealand during May and June 2019, as captured by aflight tracker provider. This data, sampled at 15 secondintervals,capturedtheplanetype,altitude,speedandotherparameters used to develop aircraft noise models forAustraliaandNewZealandusingSoundPLAN,withall flightsmodelled as moving point sources. Greater Melbourne isnominatedforourstudycomparison.




48 Signature whistles of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins(Tursiops aduncus) in the Fremantle Inner Harbour,WesternAustralia

Erbe, Christine (1); Salgado-Kent, Chandra (1,2,3); Winter,Simone (1); Marley, Sarah (4); Ward, Rhianne (1)Duncan,Alec(presenter,1)(1) Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin

University,Perth,WesternAustralia(2) Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan

University,Joondalup,WesternAustralia(3) OceansBlueprint,Coogee,WesternAustralia(4) Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth,

UnitedKingdom

ABSTRACTA community of ~21 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins(Tursiopsaduncus),plus calves, resides in theSwanCanningRiverpark, Perth, Western Australia. A complete photo-identification catalogue has been maintained for close to adecade. Regular visual monitoring of individuals in thiscommunity can be laborious and expensive. Bottlenosedolphins elsewhere have been shown to emit so-calledsignature whistles, by which individual animals can beidentified.Passiveacousticlisteningisanefficientmonitoringtool in the marine environment and hence an attractiveoption for monitoring individuals within this small dolphincommunity—if individual photo-ID can be matched withsignaturewhistles. Archived underwater acoustic recordingsand photographs of individual dolphins at the surfacewerematched chronologically. Dolphins were always present ingroups rather than individually. Consequently, to assesswhetherdistinctivewhistlescouldbeassociatedwithcertainindividuals, the likelihoods that catalogued individuals werepresent when specific whistle types were heard werecomputedbycalculatingthepercentageofthetotalnumberofoccasionsindividualdolphinswereinthestudyareawhenthe whistle was produced. While a larger sample size isneeded to capture all individuals in diverse groupings, thisstudyprovidesthefirststepindevelopingapassiveacousticmonitoringprogramforindividualsinthissmallcommunity.

26 A passive acoustic survey for marine mammalsconducted during the 2019 Antarctic voyage onEuphausiids and Nutrient Recycling in CetaceanHotspots(ENRICH)

Miller,BrianS.(1);Calderan,Susannah(1);Miller,Elanor(1);Širović, Ana (2); Stafford, Kathleen M. (3); Bell, Elanor (1);Double,MichaelC.(1)(1) AustralianAntarcticDivision,KingstonTasmania,Australia(2) TexasA&MUniversityGalveston,USA(3) UniversityofWashington,SeattleWashington,USA

ABSTRACTThe2019ENRICHVoyage(EuphausiidsandNutrientRecyclingin Cetacean Hotspots), was conducted from 19 January – 5March 2019, aboard the RV Investigator. The voyagedepartedfromandreturnedtoHobart,Tasma-nia,Australia,and conductedmost marine science operations in the areabetween 60°S – 67°S and 138°E – 152°E. As part of themultidisciplinary research programme, a passive acousticsurveyformarinemammalswasundertakenforthedurationof thevoyage,with themaingoal tomonitor forand locate

groups of calling Antarctic blue whales (Balaenopteramusculus intermedia). Directional sonobuoys were used at295listeningstations,whichresultedin828hoursofacousticrecordings.Monitoringalsotookplaceforpygmyblue,(B.m.brevicauda), fin, (B. physalus), sperm (Physetermacrocephalus),humpback(Megapteranovaeangliae),sei(B.borealis), and Antarctic minke whales (B. bonarensis); forleopard (Hydrurga leptonyx), crabeater (Lobodoncarcinophaga),Ross(Ommatophocarossii),andWeddellseals(Leptonychotesweddellii),andforodontocete(lowfrequencywhistles) vocalisations during each listening station.Calibratedmeasurementsofthebearingandintensityofthemajority of calls fromblue and finwhaleswere obtained inreal time. 33,435 calls from Antarctic blue whales weredetected at 238 listening stations throughout the voyage,most of them south of 60°S. Southeast Indian Ocean bluewhale song was detected primarily between 47° and 55°Swhile the southwest Pacific blue whale song was recordedbetween44°and48°S.Mostbaleenwhaleandsealcallsweredetectedalongthecontinentalshelfbreakinthestudyregionbut some were also detected in deeper waters. Marinemammal calls were uncommon on the shelf, which did nothave any ice cover during the survey. Calling Antarctic bluewhales were tracked and located on multiple occasions toenablecloserstudyoftheirfine-scalemovementsandcallingbehaviour as well as enabling collection of photo ID,behavioural,andphotogrammetrydata.Thepassiveacousticdata collected during this voyage will allow investigation ofthe distribution of Antarctic blue whales in relation toenvironmental correlates measured during ENRICH, with afocusonbluewhaleprey.

82 Surface generated underwater noise in open andenclosedwaters

Cato,DouglasH(1,2)(1) MaritimeDivision,DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,

Sydney,Australia(2) School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Sidney,

Australia

ABSTRACTMeasurementsofsurfacenoiseinopenandenclosedwatersshow differences in spectral characteristics, particularly atfrequenciesbelowafewhundredhertz.Thispapercomparesmeasurements in Woronora Dam, a freshwater reservoirsouthofSydney,withthosefromthepartlyenclosedwatersofSpencerGulfandwithmeasurementsintheopenocean.Italso discusses possible reasons for the differences and theinsights these give to mechanisms of sound generation bybreaking waves. The lowest measured noise levels inWoronora Damwerewell below those usuallymeasured atsea.Verylowfrequencynoisecausedbyanon-lineareffectofsurfacewave interaction peaked at higher frequencies thanat sea, consistent with the higher frequency peak in thesurface wave spectrum. Noise from breaking waves atfrequencies above 100 Hz showed a similar dependence onwind speed as observed at sea for locally measured windspeeds,butlevelsweremuchlowerforthesamewindspeedsand did not show the low frequency (below a few hundredhertz)componentevidentatsea.





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42 Assessingtheenvironmentalimpactsofaircraftnoise

Moyo, Clyton (1); Latimore, Mark (1); Fenner, Belinda (1);Zissermann,Paul(1)(1) Environment and Community Branch, Air Navigation


ABSTRACTAircraft noise is one of the most community-recognisedenvironmentaleffectsofaviation,withthepotentialtocausecommunity annoyance and adverse effects on health.Airservices is required under the CommonwealthEnvironmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation(EPBC)Acttoassessthepotentialenvironmentalsignificanceof any 'actions' it takes including changes to air trafficmanagement (ATM) practices. However, the EPBC Act doesnot prescribe any thresholds for potential environmentalsignificance in relation to aircraft noise. Consequently,Airservices has developed its own internal criteria for theenvironmental impact assessment of proposed changes toaircraftoperations,inordertodetermineiftheseimpactswillbe potentially significant (within the meaning of the EPBCAct) and if they will be potentially noticeable to localcommunities. The purpose of the criteria is to prescribe astandardised environmental impact assessment process forallchangestoaircraftoperationsimplementedbyAirservices,and to inform Airservices community engagement process.This paper describes in detail Airservices current criteria forenvironmental significance in relation to proposed ATMchanges.

41 Competing considerations for aircraft noise monitorplacements

Fenner, Belinda (1); Latimore, Mark (1); Moyo, Clyton (1);Zissermann,Paul(1)(1) Environment and Community Branch, Air Navigation


ABSTRACTAirservices Australia has one of the most geographicallyspreadaircraftnoisemonitoringnetworks intheworld,withover 40 long-term noise monitors installed at eight majorairports across the country. In Australia, aircraft noisemonitoring is conducted to meet a number of objectives,including provision of information to the com-munity,determiningimpactsfromproceduresandtrials,orvalidatingnoise modelling results. Ministerial Direction M37/99 (Cth)requiresAirservicestoinstall,maintainandoperatenoiseandflight pathmonitoring systems at major Australian airports.ThereisoftencommunityconfusionaroundtheobjectivesofAirservices aircraft noise monitoring system, with aperception that this system has a compliance andenforcementfunctioninrelationtoaircraftnoise.Thisaffectsthe community's perception of the role of aircraft noisemonitors andwhere they should be placed.When installinglong-termnoisemonitors,Airserviceshastoconsiderarangeoffactors,includingcompliancewithinternationalstandards,Airservices corporate objectives, the specific purpose of theindividual noise monitor placement, and communityperspectives.Thispaperdiscussesthedynamicsandinterplayof these factors in Airservices decision-making process forlong-termnoisemonitorplacements.

20 Experimental investigation of contra-rotating multi-rotorUAVpropellernoise

McKay,Ryan(1);Kingan,Michael(1);Go,Robin(2)(1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of

Auckland,NewZealand(2) DotterelTechnologies,Auckland,NewZealand

ABSTRACTUnmannedaerialsystems(UASs)arean increasinglypopulartechnology with a rapidly expanding range of uses. Contra-rotating propellers are used as propulsors on some multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Contra-rotatingpropellers have the benefit of reducing the UAV's plan sizeand adding redundancy in case of component failure.However, contra-rotating propellers are notoriously noisy inotherapplications,but thenoise fromcontra-rotatingmulti-rotorUAVshasnotbeenstudied.Thispaperpresentsresultsfroman experimental investigationof a single static contra-rotating propeller mounted in an anechoic chamber. Theeffect of propeller diameter, propeller spacing, and bladenumber were investigated. The rotational speed of theupstreamanddownstreampropellerswasvariedoveralargerange togenerateadata set containingnoiseandefficiencymeasurementsatmanydifferentoperatingpoints.

71 Benchmarking a quasi-steady method for predictingpropellerunsteadyloads

Howell, Richard (1,2); Dylejko, Paul (1); Croaker, Paul (1,3);Skvortsov,Alex(1)(1) MaritimeDivision,DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,

Melbourne,Victoria,Australia(2) YTEKPty,Ashburton,Victoria,Australia(3) School of Mechanical Engineering, University of New

SouthWales,Sydney,Australia

ABSTRACTAircraft and ships suffer fromunwantednoiseandvibrationduetopropellerunsteadyloads.Whentryingtoachievelowlevels of propeller noise and vibration during design, thedesigner must balance these against often conflicting goalssuchasrequiredthrustandfatiguestrength.Duringtrade-offstudies, there is value in having a range of validatedmodelling tools that canbeusedovera rangeof timescaleswith different levels of fidelity. Simplified physics-basedmodels are often useful because they allow for a largeinvestigationoftheparameterdesign-spaceandtheycanalsoprovide insights into what are the most important in-flowcharacteristics and design parameters. This paper bringstogether a range of simplified techniques that assume aquasi-steady state, to assess the tonal unsteady propellerloadsresultingfromaningestednon-uniformwake.Asafirststep in validating this approach, predicted results arecompared against previously published experimentalmeasurements of twomodel propellers at the David TaylorResearch Centre (DTRC). Results show that under the rightconditions, this approach can give good predictions. Theinstances where the methodology does not predict theresponsewellarealsodemonstrated.





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D2-AM2-S2:Buildingacoustics&vibration

16 The effects of mass-air-mass resonance on theRw+Ctrperformanceofwallsystems

Pirozek,Peter USG Boral Building Products Pty Ltd, Port Melbourne,

Australia

ABSTRACTIn Australia, the Building Code minimum requirement forinter-tenancywalls betweendwellings is expressed in termsof"Rw+Ctrnot lessthan50"forairbornenoise(BCA,2019).Inter-tenancy walls come in a range of configurations,including lightweightplasterboardwall systems (with timberor steel studs),pre-cast concretewalls, concreteblockwalls(core-filledandunfilled),AutoclavedAeratedConcrete(AAC)panelsandbrickwalls.Intheselatterwallsystems,thewallsare generally finished with a layer of plasterboard on bothsides,eitherdirect (daub) fixed, fixedon furringchannelsoronaseparatestud.ThispaperpresentssomelaboratorytestresultsconductedbyUSGBoralonAACblockandcore-filledlight-weight masonry block wall systems. The results areanalysed in terms of the effect of the Mass-Air-Massresonance on the Rw + Ctr of thewall system. Injudicious /poor/unluckychoiceofaircavitiesandplasterboardweightcanresult inMass-Air-Massresonancesthatcansignificantlyreduce theRw+Ctrperformanceof thewall system, so thateventhoughadditionalweightisaddedtothewallsystemitnever-the-lessreducestheRw+Ctrvalue.

97 Mass-air-mass resonance cavity suppression usingHelmholtzresonators

Hall,Andrew(1);Dodd,George(1);Schmid,Gian(1)(1) UniversityofAuckland,NewZealand

ABSTRACTDensification of housing is leading to the construction ofmore medium-rise, multi-tenancy buildings. In order tominimisematerialandbuildingcostbutachievetherequiredstructural performance, it is attractive to use lightweightconstruction methods based on materials such asplasterboardandlighttimberframing(LTF).LTFconstructionistraditionalinNZbutwhereitisusedforinter-tenancywallsin medium and high density housing we are finding thattransmissionofnoisebetweendwellingsisbecomingamajorproblem. In this exploratory research project we report oninitialencouragingresultsofusingHelmholtzResonators(HR)to reduce the lossof insulation in lightweightcavitywalls inthe region of the mass-air-mass (M-A-M) resonance. Thisresonance results from the twowall leaves enclosing an airspringonwhichtheycanresonate.Oftenthewall insulationinthiscriticallowfrequencybandissignificantlypoorerthanifitwereonlyasingleleafwall.Suchwalls,althoughmeetingcode requirements, can be subjectively undesirable wheninsulating against sounds from low frequency loudspeakerswhich are a ubiquitous feature ofmodern living. So far theworkhascomprisedusing3DprintedHRstunedtotheM-A-M resonance and coupled into an experimental cavity todemonstrateproofofprinciple.

101 Acoustics behaviour of CLT structure: transmissionloss,impactnoiseinsulationandflankingtransmissionevaluations

Loriggiola,Fabrio(1);Dall'Acquad'Industria,Luca(presenter,1);Granzotto,Nicola(2);DiBella,Antonino(2)(1) IsolgommaSRL,Albettone,Italy(2) UniversityofPadua,Italy

ABSTRACTDesign and construction of CLT structures is now knownthroughouttheworldthankstoitsknownproperties,itshighthermal resistance to low energy consumption and its lowenvironmental impact. For these reasons, the studies andresearchontheacousticperformanceanalysisofthesewoodpanels have also been very successful in recent years. Thisdocument aims to present the continuation of theinvestigative work carried out by Isolgomma on CLTstructures,completingthestudyontheacousticbehaviouroffloorswithwallandflankingtransmissionanalysis.Therefore,theresultsof the laboratoryacousticcharacterizationof theCLT walls are presented with the application of differenttechniques for improving the possible performances,according to the standards of the ISO 10140 series.Furthermore, theconsiderationsrelatedtothestudycarriedout on the joints of the structures are reported. CLT on alarge-scale test configuration, according to the standards oftheISO10848series.Throughthisanalysisitwaspossibletoobtain the vibration reduction indices both of the bare CLTstructureandof the isolatedstructure throughthe insertionofaspecificanti-vibrationrubbermat.

27 Effectiveness of the rubber ball compared to thetappingmachineastheimpactsourcetomeasuretheimpactsoundinsulationproperties

PolwaththeGallage,HasithaNayanajith(1);Palmer,Ross(1);Eric,Huang(1);Roger,Hawkins(1)(1) PalmerAcoustics(Australia)Queensland

ABSTRACTISO 16283-2: 2015(E) describes how a standardised tappingmachine and a rubber ball are used as impact sources todetermine floor impact sound insulation. These standardimpactsourcesdonotexactlyreplicateallthepossibletypesofreal floor impacts.Accordingtothe ISO16283-2:2015(E),the tapping machine is effective to asses a variety of light,hard impacts such as footsteps fromwalkers wearing hard-heeled footwear, while the rubber ball is more effective toassessheavy,soft impactssuchas fromwalkers inbare feetor children jumping. However, only the standard tappingmachine approach is used to measure the impact soundinsulation proper-ties of building floors in Australia. Thispaperexplorestheeffectivenessoftherubberballcomparedto the tap-pingmachineas the impact source. In this study,thefloorimpactsoundpressurelevelsweremeasuredinthereceiving room with different types of impact sources;standard tapping machine, rubber ball, human walking,runningandjumpingondifferenttypesoffloors;timber,tile,vinyl and hybrid. The results show that rubber ball morecloselyreplicatestheimpactsoundsproducedbythehumanactivities such as from walking, jumping and running.Moreover, it is evident thatwhen thebuilding floor is a tilefloor, a tapping machine produces higher sound pressurelevels at higher frequencies than either hard-heeled orheavy/softimpacts.



42 Assessingtheenvironmentalimpactsofaircraftnoise

Moyo, Clyton (1); Latimore, Mark (1); Fenner, Belinda (1);Zissermann,Paul(1)(1) Environment and Community Branch, Air Navigation


ABSTRACTAircraft noise is one of the most community-recognisedenvironmentaleffectsofaviation,withthepotentialtocausecommunity annoyance and adverse effects on health.Airservices is required under the CommonwealthEnvironmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation(EPBC)Acttoassessthepotentialenvironmentalsignificanceof any 'actions' it takes including changes to air trafficmanagement (ATM) practices. However, the EPBC Act doesnot prescribe any thresholds for potential environmentalsignificance in relation to aircraft noise. Consequently,Airservices has developed its own internal criteria for theenvironmental impact assessment of proposed changes toaircraftoperations,inordertodetermineiftheseimpactswillbe potentially significant (within the meaning of the EPBCAct) and if they will be potentially noticeable to localcommunities. The purpose of the criteria is to prescribe astandardised environmental impact assessment process forallchangestoaircraftoperationsimplementedbyAirservices,and to inform Airservices community engagement process.This paper describes in detail Airservices current criteria forenvironmental significance in relation to proposed ATMchanges.

41 Competing considerations for aircraft noise monitorplacements

Fenner, Belinda (1); Latimore, Mark (1); Moyo, Clyton (1);Zissermann,Paul(1)(1) Environment and Community Branch, Air Navigation


ABSTRACTAirservices Australia has one of the most geographicallyspreadaircraftnoisemonitoringnetworks intheworld,withover 40 long-term noise monitors installed at eight majorairports across the country. In Australia, aircraft noisemonitoring is conducted to meet a number of objectives,including provision of information to the com-munity,determiningimpactsfromproceduresandtrials,orvalidatingnoise modelling results. Ministerial Direction M37/99 (Cth)requiresAirservicestoinstall,maintainandoperatenoiseandflight pathmonitoring systems at major Australian airports.ThereisoftencommunityconfusionaroundtheobjectivesofAirservices aircraft noise monitoring system, with aperception that this system has a compliance andenforcementfunctioninrelationtoaircraftnoise.Thisaffectsthe community's perception of the role of aircraft noisemonitors andwhere they should be placed.When installinglong-termnoisemonitors,Airserviceshastoconsiderarangeoffactors,includingcompliancewithinternationalstandards,Airservices corporate objectives, the specific purpose of theindividual noise monitor placement, and communityperspectives.Thispaperdiscussesthedynamicsandinterplayof these factors in Airservices decision-making process forlong-termnoisemonitorplacements.

20 Experimental investigation of contra-rotating multi-rotorUAVpropellernoise

McKay,Ryan(1);Kingan,Michael(1);Go,Robin(2)(1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of

Auckland,NewZealand(2) DotterelTechnologies,Auckland,NewZealand

ABSTRACTUnmannedaerialsystems(UASs)arean increasinglypopulartechnology with a rapidly expanding range of uses. Contra-rotating propellers are used as propulsors on some multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Contra-rotatingpropellers have the benefit of reducing the UAV's plan sizeand adding redundancy in case of component failure.However, contra-rotating propellers are notoriously noisy inotherapplications,but thenoise fromcontra-rotatingmulti-rotorUAVshasnotbeenstudied.Thispaperpresentsresultsfroman experimental investigationof a single static contra-rotating propeller mounted in an anechoic chamber. Theeffect of propeller diameter, propeller spacing, and bladenumber were investigated. The rotational speed of theupstreamanddownstreampropellerswasvariedoveralargerange togenerateadata set containingnoiseandefficiencymeasurementsatmanydifferentoperatingpoints.

71 Benchmarking a quasi-steady method for predictingpropellerunsteadyloads

Howell, Richard (1,2); Dylejko, Paul (1); Croaker, Paul (1,3);Skvortsov,Alex(1)(1) MaritimeDivision,DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,

Melbourne,Victoria,Australia(2) YTEKPty,Ashburton,Victoria,Australia(3) School of Mechanical Engineering, University of New

SouthWales,Sydney,Australia

ABSTRACTAircraft and ships suffer fromunwantednoiseandvibrationduetopropellerunsteadyloads.Whentryingtoachievelowlevels of propeller noise and vibration during design, thedesigner must balance these against often conflicting goalssuchasrequiredthrustandfatiguestrength.Duringtrade-offstudies, there is value in having a range of validatedmodelling tools that canbeusedovera rangeof timescaleswith different levels of fidelity. Simplified physics-basedmodels are often useful because they allow for a largeinvestigationoftheparameterdesign-spaceandtheycanalsoprovide insights into what are the most important in-flowcharacteristics and design parameters. This paper bringstogether a range of simplified techniques that assume aquasi-steady state, to assess the tonal unsteady propellerloadsresultingfromaningestednon-uniformwake.Asafirststep in validating this approach, predicted results arecompared against previously published experimentalmeasurements of twomodel propellers at the David TaylorResearch Centre (DTRC). Results show that under the rightconditions, this approach can give good predictions. Theinstances where the methodology does not predict theresponsewellarealsodemonstrated.





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engineering is being undertaken by a team of 10 engineers(Arcadis Arup WSP JV) and includes 5 key areas of work:designoftunnelacoustictreatmentsforcontrolofin-carriagenoise,vibroacousticdesigntocontrolground-bornenoiseandvibrationaffectingsensitivereceivers,stationacousticdesign,noisecontrolforfixedstationinfrastructure,andconstructionnoise and vibration management. This paper provides anoverviewof thesekeyaspectsof theacousticdesign for theproject, and provides an in-sight into the key designchallenges and design approaches adopted by the acousticengineeringteam,aswellasthepracticalaspectsofworkingon a large infrastructure project with multiple stakeholdersandapprovalroutes.

D2-PM1-S1:Transportationnoise3-Railwaynoise&vibration

68 TheeffectofTrackDecayRateonin-carriagenoiseforresilienttrackfixings

Setton, Philip (1); Burgemeister, Kym (2); Digerness, Joseph(3);Fong,Ken-Yi(2);Wedd,Nick(2)(1) WSP,Melbourne,Australia(2) Arup,Melbourne,Australia(3) Arup,NewYork,USA

ABSTRACTTheTrackDecayRate(TDR)ofarailwaytrack isakeyfactorinfluencingwaysideandin-carriagerailwaynoise,particularlyin tunnel environments. Highly-resilient track fixing systemsare commonly used in tunnels to mitigate ground-bornenoiseandvibration (GBNV),butalsoresult in lowTDRs,andincreased noise radiation from the rail component of thewheel-railinterface.Toward&Thompson(2012)indicatethatthechangeinnoiseemissionfordifferenttrackfixingsystemsis proportional to the logarithm of the ratio of TDRs. Thisrelationship suggests a large increase in noise emission fortypical soft rail fixings, when compared to ballasted track.MeasurementsofTDRoftrackswitharangeoffixingsystems(ballasted, slab-trackwith resilient fixings, and floating-slab-track)havebeenundertakenaccordingtoDINEN15461:2008aspartofthein-carriagenoisepredictionsforanewrailwaytunnelinAustralia.TheTDRcorrectionsarevalidatedagainstmeasurements of in-carriage noise undertaken on the samenetwork and show that current assumptions are overlyconservative. Reasons for these differences are discussed,and alternative methodologies are proposed to predict in-carriage noise for trains on resilient track fixings in tunnelenvironments.

78 Ground-borne noise & vibration propagationmeasurements and prediction validations from arailwaytunnelproject

Karantonis,Peter(1);Weber,Conrad(1);Hayden,Puckeridge(1)(1) RenzoTonin&Associates(NSW)PtyLtd,SurryHills,New

SouthWales,Australia

ABSTRACTOn projects where there is limited or only high-levelinformationrelatingtohowvibrationpropagatesbetweenanunderground rail tunnel and receivers inside buildings, theuncertaintyassociatedwithground-bornenoiseandvibrationpredictionscanbelargeandthereforelargepredictionsafetyfactors (engineering margins) are often used. During thedetailed design stages of projects, such large safety factors

can be costly in terms of the requiredmitigationmeasures.On a recent underground railway tunnel project, aquantitativeapproachwasappliedwiththeaimofimprovingestimatesofthecombinedcouplinglossandamplificationfortypical buildings types and the conversion of vibration intonoiseinsidebuildings,tobetteradvisethedesignteamofthelevel of design risk associated with predictions. Field testswere conducted to measure the vibration propagation of ahydraulichammeroperatinginsidepartlyconstructedrailwaytunnels, to the outside and inside of buildings above thetunnels,withtheaimofimprovingestimatesofcouplinglossandamplificationfactorsandtheconversionofvibrationintonoise inside buildings. Field measurements were used toreducetheuncertaintyassociatedwiththisaspectofground-borne noise and vibration predictions, and to ultimatelyinformtherailtrackdesign.

8 CurvingnoisefromtheWesternAustralianfreightrailnetwork:waysidemonitoringandmechanismanalysis

Li,Binghui(1);Zoontjens,Luke(presenter,1)(1) SLRConsultingAustraliaPtyLtd,Perth,WesternAustralia

ABSTRACTCurving noise from freight rail movements in the PerthmetropolitanareahavebeeninvestigatedusingTransportforNew South Wales (TfNSW)’s Wayside Noise MonitoringSystem (WNMS) at a test location (Site A) with anapproximately400-mradius rail curvesection.The tracksidenoise,railvibrationandwheelsetpositionandsteeringangleasmeasuredby theWNMSkit havebeenanalysed indetailalongside supportingmeasurements of environmental noiseand vibration. The predominant mechanisms for curvingnoise have been further analysed and identified. Thecorrelation between high curving noise events and rollingstock types has also been investigated, followed bydiscussions on possible effective at-source noise controlmeasures. This study found that on the basis ofmonitoringdatabeingconsistentwithprevious researchelsewhere, theprinciplemechanismsofcurvingnoiseatthetestlocationaremostlikelysteering-controlled.

62 Comparison of rail noise modelling with CadnaA andSoundPLAN

Puckeridge, Hayden (1); Braunstein, Timothy (1); Conrad,Weber(1)(1) RenzoTonin&Associates(NSW)PtyLtd,SurryHills,New


ABSTRACTRailway noise in Australia is commonly modelled using theSoundPLAN software package and the Kilde Report 130calculation methodology. This paper investigates analternative approach for rail noise modelling using theCadnaA software package and the more recent NordicPredictionMethod1996.Whenmodellingchanges insourcenoise levels inCadnaA, it isnecessarytocreateseparaterailobjects for each change. Modelling situations with sourcecorrections due to changing train speeds, curves and trackcorrections requires different approaches. Processes formodelling rail noise in CadnaA are developed in this paperand the results compared to noise levels calculated usingSoundPLANandKildeRep130.ThecomparisonbetweenthetwomodelsdemonstratesthatCadnaAproducesresultsthatare in close agreement with a SoundPLAN - Kilde Rep 130model.ItwasfoundthatinsomesituationsCadnaAiscapable



9 Apracticalapproachtobuildingisolation

Valerio,DouglasG. MasonIndustries,Inc.,NewYork,USA

ABSTRACTAsaresultofworldwideacousticalconsultantspecifications,entire buildings have been isolated for over 60 years. BaseBuilding Isolation has itsmerits, turningmarginal properties(basedon their proximity to rail systems) intomultipurposehigh-end developments free of vibration and re-radiatednoise. This discussion will focus on Low Dynamic Stiffness(LDS) Structural Isolation Bearing Pads and the relationshipbetweentheacoustician,designteamandmanufacturerandfocusoninstallationandconstruction.Theacoustician,designteamandmanufactureraremorethancapableofmeasuring,designing, detailing and complying with building codes toestablish the proper natural frequency of support and thedesigncriteriaforconstruction.Itisduringconstructionwhentheacousticalintegrityofthestructureismostfragile,wherethe resulting vibration reduction is compromised byunforeseenshort-circuitingoftheisolationsystem,whichisafunction of location and the ability to inspect the isolationplane.Thisdiscussionwillalsofocusonexistingprojectsandunderstanding that the complications of any Base Isolationproject are educating the contractors, being on site, andbeingvigilantaboutidentifyingandmitigatingshortcircuitingbefore substantial completion. The intent is to identifycommon concerns and offer practical solutions to typicalproblems.

D2-AM2-S3:Underwateracoustics4

102 Investigation of underwater hull radiation due tomachinenoise

Pan,Xia(1);Wilkes,Daniel(2);Forrest,James(1)(1) MaritimeDivision,DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,

Victoria,Australia(2) Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin


ABSTRACTThispaperpresentsthepreliminarymodellingandanalysisofnoise radiation due to the operation of machines in acompartment of an underwater vessel. The underwatervessel ismodelledasasubmergedcylindricalenclosurewithring stiffeners and two bulkheads. The compartmentconsidered is between the two bulkheads. To simulate thestructure-borne and airborne noise transmission andradiation, the machine noise is characterised by forcesapplied along the compartment in three directions and byacoustic sources located inside of the compartment. Twoanalyticalmodelsandthreenumericalmodelsaredeveloped.The structural and acoustic responses of the models areanalysed. For abenchmarkexample case, theanalytical andnumerical results are comparedwith the experimental datameasuredinalake.

5 Low-frequencyunderwateracousticssensitivitycalibrationinachamber

LiPeng(1,2);YinYilong(2)(1) UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences(2) InstituteofAcoustics,ChineseAcademyofSciences

ABSTRACTTheprimarycalibrationof the low frequencyhydrophone in

an enclosed volume (chamber) using the comparisonprinciple is proposed. Simulated results using the elementprogramispresented,usingthetransducerasaprojectorandthe hydrophones as receiver. An experimental test with 14points in the circumferential direction of the closed cavity,and three positions taken in the depth direction (totallyincluding 42 test positions) was carried out tomeasure themagnitude of the open-circuit voltage at a number offrequencies between 5 Hz and 1 kHz. The sound pressurefield is evenly homogeneous and the sound pressure non-uniformity is quantified to be less than 0.5dB within thetested region, demonstrating the accuracy of the sensitivitycalibrationsystem.

39 Thesoundsofelectricferries

Parsons,MilesJames(1,2);Parsons,SylviaKarin(2);Duncan,Alec(2);Erbe,Christine(2)(1) AustralianInstituteofMarineScience,Perth,Western

Australia(2) CentreforMarineScienceandTechnology,Curtin


ABSTRACTBiologicalandanthropogenicsoundscandominateestuarineandriverinesoundscapes,withthelatteroftenimpactingthepresenceandbehaviouroftheformer.Asaresult,toreduceanthropogenic noise, there is an increasing push to usealternativemethodsofpropulsion, suchaselectricpoweredvessels, once more com-mon in their golden age (roughly1880-1920) before petrol- and diesel-powered motorsbecamedominant. Two10-m solar-electric vessels operatedintheSwanRiver,WesternAustralia,provideoneexampleofthisalternative.Here,passiveacousticsensormooringsweredeployed to the riverbed, to map the local soundscapes,including sounds of passing vessels. At two sites, a 100-mwidepassagenorthofHeirissonIsland,Perth,andabroaderarea to the island's east, numerous vessels were recordedpassing near or directly above an Ocean Instruments'ST300STD SoundTraps. The electric ferries displayedsignificantly lower acoustic energy, particularly in lowerfrequencies, compared with petrol and diesel-poweredvessels.

Keynote:DrKymBurgemeister

70 Acoustic design for the Melbourne Metro Tunnelproject

Burgemeister,Kym(1);Digerness,Joseph(2);Fong,Ken-Yi(1);Setton,Philip(3);Thompson,Derek(3)(1) Arup,Melbourne,Australia(2) Arup,NewYork,USA(3) WSP,Melbourne,Australia

ABSTRACTThe Melbourne Metro Tunnel Project is currently underconstruction, and is one of Australia's largest publicinfrastructure projects with a project value of over $11billion.Itincludes5majornewundergroundrailwaystations,and a pair of 9-kilometre single-track tunnels runningunderneathMelbourne'sinner-north-westsuburbs,CBD,andinnersouth-eastsuburbs. Thetunnelalignment isnear toarange of sensitive residential and commercial receivers andparticularly sensitive medical and research precincts inParkville and at RMIT. The acoustics, noise and vibration





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engineering is being undertaken by a team of 10 engineers(Arcadis Arup WSP JV) and includes 5 key areas of work:designoftunnelacoustictreatmentsforcontrolofin-carriagenoise,vibroacousticdesigntocontrolground-bornenoiseandvibrationaffectingsensitivereceivers,stationacousticdesign,noisecontrolforfixedstationinfrastructure,andconstructionnoise and vibration management. This paper provides anoverviewof thesekeyaspectsof theacousticdesign for theproject, and provides an in-sight into the key designchallenges and design approaches adopted by the acousticengineeringteam,aswellasthepracticalaspectsofworkingon a large infrastructure project with multiple stakeholdersandapprovalroutes.

D2-PM1-S1:Transportationnoise3-Railwaynoise&vibration

68 TheeffectofTrackDecayRateonin-carriagenoiseforresilienttrackfixings

Setton, Philip (1); Burgemeister, Kym (2); Digerness, Joseph(3);Fong,Ken-Yi(2);Wedd,Nick(2)(1) WSP,Melbourne,Australia(2) Arup,Melbourne,Australia(3) Arup,NewYork,USA

ABSTRACTTheTrackDecayRate(TDR)ofarailwaytrack isakeyfactorinfluencingwaysideandin-carriagerailwaynoise,particularlyin tunnel environments. Highly-resilient track fixing systemsare commonly used in tunnels to mitigate ground-bornenoiseandvibration (GBNV),butalsoresult in lowTDRs,andincreased noise radiation from the rail component of thewheel-railinterface.Toward&Thompson(2012)indicatethatthechangeinnoiseemissionfordifferenttrackfixingsystemsis proportional to the logarithm of the ratio of TDRs. Thisrelationship suggests a large increase in noise emission fortypical soft rail fixings, when compared to ballasted track.MeasurementsofTDRoftrackswitharangeoffixingsystems(ballasted, slab-trackwith resilient fixings, and floating-slab-track)havebeenundertakenaccordingtoDINEN15461:2008aspartofthein-carriagenoisepredictionsforanewrailwaytunnelinAustralia.TheTDRcorrectionsarevalidatedagainstmeasurements of in-carriage noise undertaken on the samenetwork and show that current assumptions are overlyconservative. Reasons for these differences are discussed,and alternative methodologies are proposed to predict in-carriage noise for trains on resilient track fixings in tunnelenvironments.

78 Ground-borne noise & vibration propagationmeasurements and prediction validations from arailwaytunnelproject

Karantonis,Peter(1);Weber,Conrad(1);Hayden,Puckeridge(1)(1) RenzoTonin&Associates(NSW)PtyLtd,SurryHills,New


ABSTRACTOn projects where there is limited or only high-levelinformationrelatingtohowvibrationpropagatesbetweenanunderground rail tunnel and receivers inside buildings, theuncertaintyassociatedwithground-bornenoiseandvibrationpredictionscanbelargeandthereforelargepredictionsafetyfactors (engineering margins) are often used. During thedetailed design stages of projects, such large safety factors

can be costly in terms of the requiredmitigationmeasures.On a recent underground railway tunnel project, aquantitativeapproachwasappliedwiththeaimofimprovingestimatesofthecombinedcouplinglossandamplificationfortypical buildings types and the conversion of vibration intonoiseinsidebuildings,tobetteradvisethedesignteamofthelevel of design risk associated with predictions. Field testswere conducted to measure the vibration propagation of ahydraulichammeroperatinginsidepartlyconstructedrailwaytunnels, to the outside and inside of buildings above thetunnels,withtheaimofimprovingestimatesofcouplinglossandamplificationfactorsandtheconversionofvibrationintonoise inside buildings. Field measurements were used toreducetheuncertaintyassociatedwiththisaspectofground-borne noise and vibration predictions, and to ultimatelyinformtherailtrackdesign.

8 CurvingnoisefromtheWesternAustralianfreightrailnetwork:waysidemonitoringandmechanismanalysis

Li,Binghui(1);Zoontjens,Luke(presenter,1)(1) SLRConsultingAustraliaPtyLtd,Perth,WesternAustralia

ABSTRACTCurving noise from freight rail movements in the PerthmetropolitanareahavebeeninvestigatedusingTransportforNew South Wales (TfNSW)’s Wayside Noise MonitoringSystem (WNMS) at a test location (Site A) with anapproximately400-mradius rail curvesection.The tracksidenoise,railvibrationandwheelsetpositionandsteeringangleasmeasuredby theWNMSkit havebeenanalysed indetailalongside supportingmeasurements of environmental noiseand vibration. The predominant mechanisms for curvingnoise have been further analysed and identified. Thecorrelation between high curving noise events and rollingstock types has also been investigated, followed bydiscussions on possible effective at-source noise controlmeasures. This study found that on the basis ofmonitoringdatabeingconsistentwithprevious researchelsewhere, theprinciplemechanismsofcurvingnoiseatthetestlocationaremostlikelysteering-controlled.

62 Comparison of rail noise modelling with CadnaA andSoundPLAN

Puckeridge, Hayden (1); Braunstein, Timothy (1); Conrad,Weber(1)(1) RenzoTonin&Associates(NSW)PtyLtd,SurryHills,New


ABSTRACTRailway noise in Australia is commonly modelled using theSoundPLAN software package and the Kilde Report 130calculation methodology. This paper investigates analternative approach for rail noise modelling using theCadnaA software package and the more recent NordicPredictionMethod1996.Whenmodellingchanges insourcenoise levels inCadnaA, it isnecessarytocreateseparaterailobjects for each change. Modelling situations with sourcecorrections due to changing train speeds, curves and trackcorrections requires different approaches. Processes formodelling rail noise in CadnaA are developed in this paperand the results compared to noise levels calculated usingSoundPLANandKildeRep130.ThecomparisonbetweenthetwomodelsdemonstratesthatCadnaAproducesresultsthatare in close agreement with a SoundPLAN - Kilde Rep 130model.ItwasfoundthatinsomesituationsCadnaAiscapable





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32



D2-PM1-S3:Signalprocessing

21 2Dtomographicimagingofactivesonarechoesusinganon-uniformFFTtechnique

Nguyen,Binh(1);Tran,Hai-Tan(2);Wood,Shane(1)(1) MaritimeDivision,DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,

Edinburg,SouthAustralia(2) Intelligence, Surveillance and Space Division, Defence

Science&TechnologyGroup,Edinburgh,SouthAustralia

ABSTRACTTwo-dimensional(2D)sonartomographyisatechniqueusedtoobtain2Dimagesofunderwaterobjectsusingasequenceofone-dimensionalprojectionsof theobjectsanda formofthe so-called Back-Projection Algorithm (BPA). Two of themorepopularapproachesare thePolar-CoordinateBPAandtheRectangular-CoordinateBPA.Inthispaperweproposetousethe2DNon-UniformFastFourierTransform(NUFFT)inanew form of the BPA to image underwater objects usingsonarechoes.Asusual for tomographic techniques, imagingperformance is determined by the availability of sufficientlyhigh-resolution projections and aspect coverage of theobject.Wedemonstratethattheimageinversionstepbasedon the novel NUFFT can significantly improve imagingperformance of sonar tomography in terms of imageresolution,contrastandcomputationalcost,incomparisontothetwocommonapproaches.Thesystemrequirementsanddatapreparationarealsodiscussed.

30 UseofrobustCaponbeamformerforextractingaudiosignals

Bao,Chaoying(1,2);Jia,Ling(1);Pan,Jie(1)(1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of

WesternAustralia(2) DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,Australia

ABSTRACTThe need to extract a single audio signal of interest from amulti-sourceandnoisyenvironmentiscommonacrossmanydisciplines.Useof sensorarrayswithadaptivebeamformingis a preferred approach for obtaining high quality audiosignals in many applications. One of such applications isapplying themicrophonearray technology to extract signalsof interest for the purpose of condition monitoring in anindustrialsite. Inthatwork,weemployedasocalledRobustCapon Beamformer (RCB) to perform the signal extraction.The adaptive algorithm in RCB was originally developed todeal with the uncertainty existing in the signal model. Thisuncertainty is also known as signal mismatch. There is animportant parameter called the error allowance in thealgorithmtoregulatetherobustnessofthebeamformer.Foran application of signal direction of arrival or localization,whichRCBwasoriginallyproposedfor,theappropriatevalueoftheerrorallowanceispurelydefinedbyanticipatederrorsin steering vectors. For an application of audio signalextraction, however, the appropriate value of the errorallowancehasbeenfoundtoberelatedalsotootherfactorsinthesystem,suchassignaltonoiseratio,signaldirectionofarrival,andthedistancebetweenthesourceandthearray.Inthispaper,weexaminethe influenceofthosefactorstotheappropriate value of the error allowance in the context ofmachinery condition monitoring through numericalsimulation,andprovideanempiricalformulaforchoosingtheappropriatevalueoftheerrorallowanceinthatcontext.

32 Cepstralcoefficientfeatureextractionforactivesonarclassification

Suranyi,Boaz(1);Nguyen,Binh(1)(1) MaritimeDivision,DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,

Australia

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of acoustic classification is highlydependentonthefeaturesthatcanbeextractedfromagivensignal. It is possible to employ a range of featuressimultaneouslyduringclassificationto improveaccuracyandredundancy, though certain features can degradeperformance when used together. Mel Frequency CepstralCoefficient (MFCC)andLinearPredictiveCepstralCoefficient(LPCC) algorithms provide a method for acoustic featureextraction through the processing of the short term powerspectrum of a signal. Features generated using thesecoefficientsmayenhanceclassificationperformanceinactivesonar applications due to their robustness againstbackgroundnoise in lowfrequencybandwidths (20-2000Hz).ThispaperdiscussestheintegrationofthesefeaturesintotheBinaryClassificationResearchTool(BCRT);aresearchtoolforthetestingoffeatureandclassifierperformance.Theanalysisexaminestheircompatibilitywithestablishedfeaturesetsaswell as their overall potential in the area of sonarclassification. Through testing on a range of underwatersignals, MFCC features were found to have strong isolatedperformance and to increase classification accuracy whencombinedwithestablishedfeaturesets.LPCCfeatureshadapoor performance in isolation but achieved the highestclassification accuracy when combined with other featuresets.

40 Use of a deep convolutional neural network andbeamformingforlocalisationanddiagnosisofindustrynoisesources

Capon, Gareth (1); Chen, Hao (1); Bao, Chaoying (2); Sun,Hongmei(1);Matthews,David(2);Pan,Jie(1)(1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of

WesternAustralia(2) DefenceScience&Technology,Australia

ABSTRACTMany industries rely on the continual and unimpededoperation of turbines, pumps, pulleys, fans, motors,gearboxes, and other associated fixed and mobile plantequipment. As such, reliable and remote conditionmonitoringandfaultlocalisationcanimprovesafety,preventunnecessary downtime and reduce maintenance costs.Current methods of condition monitoring such as acousticemissions (AE) testing can prove difficult to automate andrequire careful analysis by a trained analyst. This researchinvestigates the use of adaptive beamforming for sourcelocalisation and signal extraction in conjunction with aconvolutional neural network classification systembasedonspectrogram plots. Furthermore, it tests the effects ofreducing the number of microphones in the microphonearray on the deep network classification accuracy. Thistechnology has been investigated with the use of 12-voltcomputer fans as an analogue for rotating machinery, withthe primary challenge of reliably separating and classifyingthe unique spectral signal of each fan. The outcome of thisresearch from over 450 test samples demonstrates damagedetectionaccuracyconsistentlyabove97%basedonavailabledatawhenadequatebeamformingresolutionandarraygain



ofmodellingnoiselevelsmoreaccuratelythanSoundPLAN.

D2-PM1-S2: Room acoustics 1 - Design &methods

33 Ray-tracingcomputer-aided-designtoolsinauditoriadesign–pastandfuture

Chen,Yuxiao(1,2);Fearnside,Peter(2)(1) University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales,

Australia(2) Marshall Day Acoustics Pty Ltd, Collingwood, Victoria,

Australia

ABSTRACTHow to give an audience the best experience of aperformance, including the best acoustic and sightlineconditions, has always been one of the most importantaspectsofauditoriadesign.Ray-tracingtechniqueshavebeenused inbothacousticandvisualdesign, takingadvantageofthe ray-like transmission of sound and light. The methodsinitially developed from 2D manual ray tracing, with paperandpen,to3Dcomputer-aidedsoftwaresuchasOdeonandCATT. Recent 3D ray tracing implementation usingGrasshopperinRhinoallowsreflectioncoverageandsightlinecondition analysis to be carried out with real-timemanipulationandfeedback.Thesetoolscontinuetobecomeeasier to use and also provide more accurate results. Thedevelopmentofthesetools,alongwiththe increasingspeedof computer processors, enables a more user interactiveapproach to design and iterative development of anoptimized outcome. In rooms as acoustically andarchitecturally complexasmusic auditoria, it allows for truecollaborative development of the physical roomcharacteristics by the design team, with the acoustics andother functional characteristics considered since the earlydesignstage.Inthenearfuturethesetoolswillbeextended,forexample,tocombineray-tracingtoolswithavirtualrealitydesignenvironment,or toautomaticallyoptimizethedesignwithparametricdesigntools,toachievethebestacousticandvisual results. This paper follows the history of ray tracingandtakesaglimpseatwhatliesahead.

43 Improvingshapedesignofauditoriumswithreal-timefeedback based on parametric modelling, simulationandmachinelearning

Wang,Chunxiao(1);Lu,Shuai(presenter,1)(1) ShenzhenUniversity,China

ABSTRACTAuditoriumsrequirebothacousticperformanceandaestheticvalues,while theefficiencyofcurrentdesignprocess shouldbe improvedforarchitectstobetterrealizethesetwogoals.Inthispaper,anewdesignprocessofauditoriumsintegratingparametricmodelling,acousticsimulationandSupportVectorMachine is proposed, implemented and verified to providearchitectswithreal-timearchitecturalandacoustic feedbackintheearlydesignstage.Thispapercontainsthreeparts:1)aparametric model of auditoriums that can generate variousauditoriumdesignsautomatically;2)an interfaceconnectingmodelling and acoustic simulation software,which facilitatearchitects'acousticevaluationsonauditoriumdesigns;3)anacousticaidingtoolthatprovidesarchitectswithsuggestionson design revision. The results indicate that the newdesignprocess and relevant design tools can provide reliableoutcomeswithin1min formostcases.Moreover, itenables

architectstoreviseanacousticallyunacceptableshapeintoadesirable one independently. Thus architects' efforts inattemptinginfeasibledesignideascouldbelargelysaved,anddesirabledesignsaremorelikelytobeachieved.

76 Lateral reflections in the Sydney Town Hall;preservation of room acoustics in a historicallysignificantvenue

Ottley,Matthew MarshallDayAcoustics,Sydney,Australia

ABSTRACTSydney TownHallwas constructed in the late 19th Centuryand is of heritage significance. The main hall, known asCentennial Hall, is a traditional ‘shoebox’ hall and featuresoneofthelargestpipeorgansintheworld,the1890‘GrandOrgan’.TheacousticsofthespaceareheldinhighregardandthespacewasthehomeoftheSydneySymphonyOrchestraprior to construction of the Sydney Opera House. In the1970’s two side boxes (small roomswithin the space)wereinstalledatgroundlevelinCentennialHallinordertonarrowthe hall and provide increased lateral reflections frommusicians on the stage to audiences in the Eastern Gallery(theseatingsectionatrearofthehallonfirstfloor level). In2018aproposalwasexploredtoremovethetwosideboxes,primarily inorder to increase seating capacityof the venue.This paper details the acoustic investigation carried out todetermine the likely effect the removal of these boxes willhaveontheacousticsof thespace,particularlywithregardsto reflections via the boxes to the Eastern Gallery. Theassessment included measurement of the 3D reflectionsequence from various stage positions to various seatingpositions,aswellas3Dacousticmodellingofthevenue,withand without the side boxes. The proposal raises questionsregardingthevalueandprotectionsavailabletotheacousticsofroomswithheritagesignificance.

73 Usingacousticcameraswith3Dmodellingtovisualiseroomreflections

Harkom,Lily(1);Thompson,Derek(1)(1) WSPAustralia,Melbourne,Australia

ABSTRACTAdvances in beam-forming microphone array (acousticcamera) technology has made acoustic cameras moreaccessible for use within acoustic consultancy. Recently wehad the opportunity to use acoustic cameras in conjunctionwith 3D room scanning to investigate acoustic conditions inanorchestrarehearsalstudio.Theacousticcameradatawasusedtoassistinvisualisingthefrequencyresponse,reflectionpatterns and overall reverberant response within the roomand as an aid for tuning room elements such as ceilingreflector panels. This paper describes the process of usingacoustic cameras in conjunctionwith3D roomscanningandCAD modelling to visualise room reflections for acousticanalysis. It will also discuss the potential of relatedtechnology,suchastheuseof3Dmodellingandthepotentialforinteractivevisualisationsusingvirtualreality(VR)tools.





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33



D2-PM1-S3:Signalprocessing

21 2Dtomographicimagingofactivesonarechoesusinganon-uniformFFTtechnique

Nguyen,Binh(1);Tran,Hai-Tan(2);Wood,Shane(1)(1) MaritimeDivision,DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,

Edinburg,SouthAustralia(2) Intelligence, Surveillance and Space Division, Defence

Science&TechnologyGroup,Edinburgh,SouthAustralia

ABSTRACTTwo-dimensional(2D)sonartomographyisatechniqueusedtoobtain2Dimagesofunderwaterobjectsusingasequenceofone-dimensionalprojectionsof theobjectsanda formofthe so-called Back-Projection Algorithm (BPA). Two of themorepopularapproachesare thePolar-CoordinateBPAandtheRectangular-CoordinateBPA.Inthispaperweproposetousethe2DNon-UniformFastFourierTransform(NUFFT)inanew form of the BPA to image underwater objects usingsonarechoes.Asusual for tomographic techniques, imagingperformance is determined by the availability of sufficientlyhigh-resolution projections and aspect coverage of theobject.Wedemonstratethattheimageinversionstepbasedon the novel NUFFT can significantly improve imagingperformance of sonar tomography in terms of imageresolution,contrastandcomputationalcost,incomparisontothetwocommonapproaches.Thesystemrequirementsanddatapreparationarealsodiscussed.

30 UseofrobustCaponbeamformerforextractingaudiosignals

Bao,Chaoying(1,2);Jia,Ling(1);Pan,Jie(1)(1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of

WesternAustralia(2) DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,Australia

ABSTRACTThe need to extract a single audio signal of interest from amulti-sourceandnoisyenvironmentiscommonacrossmanydisciplines.Useof sensorarrayswithadaptivebeamformingis a preferred approach for obtaining high quality audiosignals in many applications. One of such applications isapplying themicrophonearray technology to extract signalsof interest for the purpose of condition monitoring in anindustrialsite. Inthatwork,weemployedasocalledRobustCapon Beamformer (RCB) to perform the signal extraction.The adaptive algorithm in RCB was originally developed todeal with the uncertainty existing in the signal model. Thisuncertainty is also known as signal mismatch. There is animportant parameter called the error allowance in thealgorithmtoregulatetherobustnessofthebeamformer.Foran application of signal direction of arrival or localization,whichRCBwasoriginallyproposedfor,theappropriatevalueoftheerrorallowanceispurelydefinedbyanticipatederrorsin steering vectors. For an application of audio signalextraction, however, the appropriate value of the errorallowancehasbeenfoundtoberelatedalsotootherfactorsinthesystem,suchassignaltonoiseratio,signaldirectionofarrival,andthedistancebetweenthesourceandthearray.Inthispaper,weexaminethe influenceofthosefactorstotheappropriate value of the error allowance in the context ofmachinery condition monitoring through numericalsimulation,andprovideanempiricalformulaforchoosingtheappropriatevalueoftheerrorallowanceinthatcontext.

32 Cepstralcoefficientfeatureextractionforactivesonarclassification

Suranyi,Boaz(1);Nguyen,Binh(1)(1) MaritimeDivision,DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,

Australia

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of acoustic classification is highlydependentonthefeaturesthatcanbeextractedfromagivensignal. It is possible to employ a range of featuressimultaneouslyduringclassificationto improveaccuracyandredundancy, though certain features can degradeperformance when used together. Mel Frequency CepstralCoefficient (MFCC)andLinearPredictiveCepstralCoefficient(LPCC) algorithms provide a method for acoustic featureextraction through the processing of the short term powerspectrum of a signal. Features generated using thesecoefficientsmayenhanceclassificationperformanceinactivesonar applications due to their robustness againstbackgroundnoise in lowfrequencybandwidths (20-2000Hz).ThispaperdiscussestheintegrationofthesefeaturesintotheBinaryClassificationResearchTool(BCRT);aresearchtoolforthetestingoffeatureandclassifierperformance.Theanalysisexaminestheircompatibilitywithestablishedfeaturesetsaswell as their overall potential in the area of sonarclassification. Through testing on a range of underwatersignals, MFCC features were found to have strong isolatedperformance and to increase classification accuracy whencombinedwithestablishedfeaturesets.LPCCfeatureshadapoor performance in isolation but achieved the highestclassification accuracy when combined with other featuresets.

40 Use of a deep convolutional neural network andbeamformingforlocalisationanddiagnosisofindustrynoisesources

Capon, Gareth (1); Chen, Hao (1); Bao, Chaoying (2); Sun,Hongmei(1);Matthews,David(2);Pan,Jie(1)(1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of

WesternAustralia(2) DefenceScience&Technology,Australia

ABSTRACTMany industries rely on the continual and unimpededoperation of turbines, pumps, pulleys, fans, motors,gearboxes, and other associated fixed and mobile plantequipment. As such, reliable and remote conditionmonitoringandfaultlocalisationcanimprovesafety,preventunnecessary downtime and reduce maintenance costs.Current methods of condition monitoring such as acousticemissions (AE) testing can prove difficult to automate andrequire careful analysis by a trained analyst. This researchinvestigates the use of adaptive beamforming for sourcelocalisation and signal extraction in conjunction with aconvolutional neural network classification systembasedonspectrogram plots. Furthermore, it tests the effects ofreducing the number of microphones in the microphonearray on the deep network classification accuracy. Thistechnology has been investigated with the use of 12-voltcomputer fans as an analogue for rotating machinery, withthe primary challenge of reliably separating and classifyingthe unique spectral signal of each fan. The outcome of thisresearch from over 450 test samples demonstrates damagedetectionaccuracyconsistentlyabove97%basedonavailabledatawhenadequatebeamformingresolutionandarraygain



ofmodellingnoiselevelsmoreaccuratelythanSoundPLAN.

D2-PM1-S2: Room acoustics 1 - Design &methods

33 Ray-tracingcomputer-aided-designtoolsinauditoriadesign–pastandfuture

Chen,Yuxiao(1,2);Fearnside,Peter(2)(1) University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales,

Australia(2) Marshall Day Acoustics Pty Ltd, Collingwood, Victoria,

Australia

ABSTRACTHow to give an audience the best experience of aperformance, including the best acoustic and sightlineconditions, has always been one of the most importantaspectsofauditoriadesign.Ray-tracingtechniqueshavebeenused inbothacousticandvisualdesign, takingadvantageofthe ray-like transmission of sound and light. The methodsinitially developed from 2D manual ray tracing, with paperandpen,to3Dcomputer-aidedsoftwaresuchasOdeonandCATT. Recent 3D ray tracing implementation usingGrasshopperinRhinoallowsreflectioncoverageandsightlinecondition analysis to be carried out with real-timemanipulationandfeedback.Thesetoolscontinuetobecomeeasier to use and also provide more accurate results. Thedevelopmentofthesetools,alongwiththe increasingspeedof computer processors, enables a more user interactiveapproach to design and iterative development of anoptimized outcome. In rooms as acoustically andarchitecturally complexasmusic auditoria, it allows for truecollaborative development of the physical roomcharacteristics by the design team, with the acoustics andother functional characteristics considered since the earlydesignstage.Inthenearfuturethesetoolswillbeextended,forexample,tocombineray-tracingtoolswithavirtualrealitydesignenvironment,or toautomaticallyoptimizethedesignwithparametricdesigntools,toachievethebestacousticandvisual results. This paper follows the history of ray tracingandtakesaglimpseatwhatliesahead.

43 Improvingshapedesignofauditoriumswithreal-timefeedback based on parametric modelling, simulationandmachinelearning

Wang,Chunxiao(1);Lu,Shuai(presenter,1)(1) ShenzhenUniversity,China

ABSTRACTAuditoriumsrequirebothacousticperformanceandaestheticvalues,while theefficiencyofcurrentdesignprocess shouldbe improvedforarchitectstobetterrealizethesetwogoals.Inthispaper,anewdesignprocessofauditoriumsintegratingparametricmodelling,acousticsimulationandSupportVectorMachine is proposed, implemented and verified to providearchitectswithreal-timearchitecturalandacoustic feedbackintheearlydesignstage.Thispapercontainsthreeparts:1)aparametric model of auditoriums that can generate variousauditoriumdesignsautomatically;2)an interfaceconnectingmodelling and acoustic simulation software,which facilitatearchitects'acousticevaluationsonauditoriumdesigns;3)anacousticaidingtoolthatprovidesarchitectswithsuggestionson design revision. The results indicate that the newdesignprocess and relevant design tools can provide reliableoutcomeswithin1min formostcases.Moreover, itenables

architectstoreviseanacousticallyunacceptableshapeintoadesirable one independently. Thus architects' efforts inattemptinginfeasibledesignideascouldbelargelysaved,anddesirabledesignsaremorelikelytobeachieved.

76 Lateral reflections in the Sydney Town Hall;preservation of room acoustics in a historicallysignificantvenue

Ottley,Matthew MarshallDayAcoustics,Sydney,Australia

ABSTRACTSydney TownHallwas constructed in the late 19th Centuryand is of heritage significance. The main hall, known asCentennial Hall, is a traditional ‘shoebox’ hall and featuresoneofthelargestpipeorgansintheworld,the1890‘GrandOrgan’.TheacousticsofthespaceareheldinhighregardandthespacewasthehomeoftheSydneySymphonyOrchestraprior to construction of the Sydney Opera House. In the1970’s two side boxes (small roomswithin the space)wereinstalledatgroundlevelinCentennialHallinordertonarrowthe hall and provide increased lateral reflections frommusicians on the stage to audiences in the Eastern Gallery(theseatingsectionatrearofthehallonfirstfloor level). In2018aproposalwasexploredtoremovethetwosideboxes,primarily inorder to increase seating capacityof the venue.This paper details the acoustic investigation carried out todetermine the likely effect the removal of these boxes willhaveontheacousticsof thespace,particularlywithregardsto reflections via the boxes to the Eastern Gallery. Theassessment included measurement of the 3D reflectionsequence from various stage positions to various seatingpositions,aswellas3Dacousticmodellingofthevenue,withand without the side boxes. The proposal raises questionsregardingthevalueandprotectionsavailabletotheacousticsofroomswithheritagesignificance.

73 Usingacousticcameraswith3Dmodellingtovisualiseroomreflections

Harkom,Lily(1);Thompson,Derek(1)(1) WSPAustralia,Melbourne,Australia

ABSTRACTAdvances in beam-forming microphone array (acousticcamera) technology has made acoustic cameras moreaccessible for use within acoustic consultancy. Recently wehad the opportunity to use acoustic cameras in conjunctionwith 3D room scanning to investigate acoustic conditions inanorchestrarehearsalstudio.Theacousticcameradatawasusedtoassistinvisualisingthefrequencyresponse,reflectionpatterns and overall reverberant response within the roomand as an aid for tuning room elements such as ceilingreflector panels. This paper describes the process of usingacoustic cameras in conjunctionwith3D roomscanningandCAD modelling to visualise room reflections for acousticanalysis. It will also discuss the potential of relatedtechnology,suchastheuseof3Dmodellingandthepotentialforinteractivevisualisationsusingvirtualreality(VR)tools.





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34



D3-AM1-S1:Cognition&indoorenvironment

69 Co-teaching in (refurbished) flexible learning spaces:Promoting quality acoustics for learning andcollaboration

Robinson,Amanda(1);Bellert,Anne(2)(1) MarshallDayAcoustics(2) SouthernCrossUniversity,NewSouthWales,Australia

ABSTRACTThe modern learning environment revolution is wellunderway. Government investment in new and refurbishededucational spaces is at an all-time high, but how are weequipping teachers with the necessary skills to use thesespaces? In particular, how can teachers manage thecommonly stated challenge of 'noise', especially inrefurbished innovative learning spaces that are oftenconfiguredaccordingtopragmaticfactorsthatdonotincludeconsideration for acoustics. Co-teaching in flexible learningenvironments isbeingencouraged,butgoodacousticdesignand effective pedagogy and organisation are essential toallow this contemporary educational approach to prosper.This cross-disciplinary paper, co-written by an acousticalengineerandeducationresearchers,exploresthenewspacesfrom the teacher's perspective, includinghow theyperceivetheacousticenvironment.Thisresearchprojectgoesbeyondjust the physical acoustic conditions of the space - it alsoprovidesevidenceabouthowteachers'practicesinpedagogyand classroom organisation can be positively informedthrough knowledgeof acoustics, and theways inwhich thiscan enable teachers to more effectively use the innovativelearningspacetosupportstudentlearningandengagement.

87 Learned helplessness: effect on future performancefromnoiseandnegativepastperformance.

Burgess,Marion(1);Molesworth,BrettRC(2)(1) School of Aviation, University of New South Wales,

Sydney,Australia(2) School of Engineering and Information Technology,

UniversityofNewSouthWales,Canberra,Australia

ABSTRACTLearned helplessness can occur when individuals learn thattheirbehaviour is independentofa situationandhence thisleadstoaneffectonfuturebehaviour.Thisstudyexaminedifitwaspossiblefornoise,similartoworkplacenoise,toinducelearned helplessness. The findings highlight the complexinteractionbetweennoise,performanceandmotivation.

95 Improving speech privacy and acoustic comfort inoffices

L'Espérance,André(1);Boudreau,Alex(1);Boudreault,Louis-Alexis(1);Gariépy,François(1);Mackenzie,Roderick(1)(1) SoftdBInc,Québec

ABSTRACTSoundmaskingsystems (SMS)were introduced in the1970stoimprovespeechprivacyinopenplanofficesbyestablishinga constant, controlled minimum background sound level.Today,mostSMScontain timerprograms.Theseattempt tobalancetheneedtoraisesoundlevelsduringbusyperiodsforgreaterspeechprivacy,whilstloweringthesoundlevelduringcalm periods for acoustic comfort. However, in modernoffices,occupancy levelsvarymoreunpredictablyduringtheday, and from one day to another, reducing timer system

efficiency.Toaddressthis,anAdaptiveVolumeControl(AVC)algorithm has been developed, which is based on real-timestatistical analysisof the soundpressure level; anduses thedifferencebetween the L10%and L99% toadjust the soundlevel. Using measurements of 5-day noise levels in threedifferenttypesofopen-planoffices,thispaperquantifiesthevariations in speech privacy and acoustic comfort efficiencyresulting from different minimum background sound levelscontrolled by SMS that are (a) fixed-level, (b) timer-controlled, and (c) AVC-controlled. Depending on officeoccupancy, results demonstrate that occupant acousticalcomfortwasimprovedbyupto50%andspeechprivacywasimproved by up to 15% compared to the timer-controlledlevels.

37 Restaurantacousticcomfortassessmentmethods

Tickell,Colin(1);Collings,Stephen(1)(1) RecognitionResearchPtyLtd,NSW,Australia

ABSTRACTRestaurantnoise,intermsofits'comfort'forbothdinersandstaffhasbeena topicofdiscussion for someyearsamongstoldermembersofsocietyandthereareanumberoftechnicalpapersonthesubject.TheAustralianAcousticalSociety(AAS)hasacaféand restaurant ratingacoustic index (CRAI)basedonasubjectiverankingfrom1to5.Butanobjectivemethodof rating and assessment is preferred to allow effectivecomparison be-tween sites, and different methods may beavailable. This paper provides an objectively based ratingsystembasedonthedifferencebetweenthemeasuredsoundlevel in a dining location and themaximum ambient soundlevels required for normal speech by males and females.Other aspects of architectural acoustics, such asreverberation time, and spectral content have yet to beincludedbutcanbeaddediftheratingdevelopsfurther.Theratingisfrom0to20,withthehighestratingnumberrelatingtoacceptablehearingandspeechcom-fort.Itisnotintendedtobeadefinitiveworkonthesubjectbutintendedtogettoan improvedandobjectiveapproach,whichmayormaynotbecomeanagreedstandardmethod.

D3-AM1-S2:Noisecontrol1

3 Analyticalmodelsofacoustic scatteringbyan infiniteair-filled steel cylindrical shell in water under plane-waveexcitation

Hall,MarshallV. Marshall Hall Underwater Acoustics, Kingsgrove, New


ABSTRACTWhen a submerged fluid-filled cylindrical shell is ensonified,bothstructuralvibrations(affectedbythe internalfluid)andstandingwaves inthe internalfluid(causedbytheshell)areexcited and some of their eigenfrequencies may becomparable. Results obtained using three analytical modelsfor different aspects of scattering by an infinite shell arepresented.Thefirstmodelproducesaspectrumofscatteringdue to an incident orthogonal plane-wave and exhibits allresonances. The second model predicts approximateeigenfrequenciesofthestructuralvibrations.Thethirdmodelpredicts approximate eigenfrequencies of the internalstanding waves. For a steel shell submerged in water,changing the shell interior from vacuum to air creates fluidmodes but causes negligible difference to the structural



are achieved. This technology shows promise for use in anautomatedmonitoringsystemforindustrialapplications,withavailablescopeforfurtherrefinements.

D2-PM2-S1:Windturbinenoise

66 Comparison between perceptual responses to trafficnoise andwind farmnoise in a non-focused listeningtest

Hansen, Kristy (1); Nguyen, Phuc (1); Lechat, Bastien (1);Zajamsek,Branko(2);Alamir,Mahmoud(1);Micic,Gorica(2);Catcheside,Peter(2)(1) College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University,

Adelaide,SouthAustralia(2) Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health (AISH), College of

MedicineandPublicHealth,FlindersUniversity,Adelaide,SouthAustralia

ABSTRACTDespite the clear benefits of renewable energy, the rapidexpansion of wind energy has resulted in widespreadcommunitycomplaints regardingwind farmnoise (WFN).Asthe impact of WFN on sleep and health is not wellestablished, road traffic noise (RTN), withwell-known sleepdisturbance effects, is likely to be a useful environmentalnoise comparator. This study investigated the self-reportedannoyancetoshort-andlong-rangeWFNandRTNviaanon-focused listening test. Twenty-fiveparticipants fromaWFN-naïvesamplepopulationtookpartinthelisteningtest.Atotalof six stimuli were presented in random order for 10-mineach,whileparticipantswereengagedinareadingtask.FiveWFN and RTN stimuli were presented at a sound pressurelevel(SPL)of33dB(A)forcomparisonwiththesixth'nonoise'background control stimulus,whichhadan SPLof 23dB(A).After each stimulus, participants responded to questionsregardingannoyance, awareness, acceptability for sleepandloudness. Participants were also instructed to order thesamplesfromtheleasttothemostannoying.Short-andlong-rangeWFN and short-range RTNwere consistently rated asthemostannoyingac-cordingtosampleordering.Thereweresignificantdifferencesbetweensubjectiveresponsestonoisesamplesversusthe'nonoise'control,however,nosignificantdifferences in subjective reports toward specific noisesamples.

80 Wind farm infrasounddetectability and its effects onthe perception of wind farm noise amplitudemodulation

Nguyen, Duc Phuc (1); Hansen, Kristy (1); Zajamsek, Branko(1);Micic,Gorica(2);Catcheside,Peter(2)(1) College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University,



ABSTRACTSome residents attribute adverse effects to the presence ofwind farm (WF) infrasound. However, dominant features ofwindfarm noise such as infrasound, tonality and amplitudemodulation span the average human hearing threshold, soattribution to infrasound is problematic. This study used acombination of pre-recorded noise stimuli,measured at 3.2km from awind farm, in laboratory-based listening tests toinvestigate human perception of infrasound and amplitude

modulationatrealisticsoundpressurelevelsinagroupof14participants.Althoughasmall samplesizewarrantscautiousinterpretation,preliminaryresultssuggestdifferentialeffectsbetween self-reported non-sensitive versus noise-sensitiveparticipants, where the latter detected infrasound abovechance.Infrasounddidnotaffecttheperceptionofamplitudemodulation. Larger studies remain needed to clarify thesefindings.

D2-PM2-S2:Roomacoustics2-materials

75 20 years of micro-perforated (transparent) soundabsorbers

Nocke,Christian AkustikbüroOldenburg,Germany

ABSTRACTIn1975thetheoryofmicroperforatedsoundabsorberswasintroducedbyD.-Y.Maa.Thefirstopticallytransparentsoundabsorbers have been applied in the late 1990s. In 2000 anearly invisible micro-perforation was introduced totransparent sheets making these highly sound absorptive.Over the twenty years different set-ups made of micro-perforated layers, porous materials as well as plateresonators have been investigated. In this contributionapplications of various set-ups with micro-perforatedstretched foils will be presented. Applications in differentspaceswillbeshown.Day-lightceilings,mirrorceilingsaswellasabsorbersinfrontofglasswillbeshown.

12 Walk-through auralization framework for virtualreality environments powered by game enginearchitectures,PartII

Castro,Daniel(1);Verstappen,André(1);Platt,Samuel(1)(1) WGE/Stantec,Melbourne,Australia

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to present a Virtual Reality (VR) Acousticapplication that allows a user to experience the effect ofchanging the acoustic properties of surface materials in aroom,while freelymoving in a VR scenario. In a previouslyissuedpaper (Part I), thebackgroundanddescriptionof thesoftwarewerepresentedindetail.Whileabriefintroductionis also described in this paper, the focus of this work is tocomparea real case studyofanexistingclassroomwith thesame simulated room in VR. A comparison between theAmbisonics Room Impulse Response (ARIR) measurementsand 3D simulated ARIRs using CATT is presented, whileproviding an overview of the potential use for suchapplication. Inaddition to the integrationof theVRacousticapplicationinUnity3D,a linktoanonlinevideotoprovideasubjective listening experience of the same room is alsoshared.





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D3-AM1-S1:Cognition&indoorenvironment

69 Co-teaching in (refurbished) flexible learning spaces:Promoting quality acoustics for learning andcollaboration

Robinson,Amanda(1);Bellert,Anne(2)(1) MarshallDayAcoustics(2) SouthernCrossUniversity,NewSouthWales,Australia

ABSTRACTThe modern learning environment revolution is wellunderway. Government investment in new and refurbishededucational spaces is at an all-time high, but how are weequipping teachers with the necessary skills to use thesespaces? In particular, how can teachers manage thecommonly stated challenge of 'noise', especially inrefurbished innovative learning spaces that are oftenconfiguredaccordingtopragmaticfactorsthatdonotincludeconsideration for acoustics. Co-teaching in flexible learningenvironments isbeingencouraged,butgoodacousticdesignand effective pedagogy and organisation are essential toallow this contemporary educational approach to prosper.This cross-disciplinary paper, co-written by an acousticalengineerandeducationresearchers,exploresthenewspacesfrom the teacher's perspective, includinghow theyperceivetheacousticenvironment.Thisresearchprojectgoesbeyondjust the physical acoustic conditions of the space - it alsoprovidesevidenceabouthowteachers'practicesinpedagogyand classroom organisation can be positively informedthrough knowledgeof acoustics, and theways inwhich thiscan enable teachers to more effectively use the innovativelearningspacetosupportstudentlearningandengagement.

87 Learned helplessness: effect on future performancefromnoiseandnegativepastperformance.

Burgess,Marion(1);Molesworth,BrettRC(2)(1) School of Aviation, University of New South Wales,

Sydney,Australia(2) School of Engineering and Information Technology,

UniversityofNewSouthWales,Canberra,Australia

ABSTRACTLearned helplessness can occur when individuals learn thattheirbehaviour is independentofa situationandhence thisleadstoaneffectonfuturebehaviour.Thisstudyexaminedifitwaspossiblefornoise,similartoworkplacenoise,toinducelearned helplessness. The findings highlight the complexinteractionbetweennoise,performanceandmotivation.

95 Improving speech privacy and acoustic comfort inoffices

L'Espérance,André(1);Boudreau,Alex(1);Boudreault,Louis-Alexis(1);Gariépy,François(1);Mackenzie,Roderick(1)(1) SoftdBInc,Québec

ABSTRACTSoundmaskingsystems (SMS)were introduced in the1970stoimprovespeechprivacyinopenplanofficesbyestablishinga constant, controlled minimum background sound level.Today,mostSMScontain timerprograms.Theseattempt tobalancetheneedtoraisesoundlevelsduringbusyperiodsforgreaterspeechprivacy,whilstloweringthesoundlevelduringcalm periods for acoustic comfort. However, in modernoffices,occupancy levelsvarymoreunpredictablyduringtheday, and from one day to another, reducing timer system

efficiency.Toaddressthis,anAdaptiveVolumeControl(AVC)algorithm has been developed, which is based on real-timestatistical analysisof the soundpressure level; anduses thedifferencebetween the L10%and L99% toadjust the soundlevel. Using measurements of 5-day noise levels in threedifferenttypesofopen-planoffices,thispaperquantifiesthevariations in speech privacy and acoustic comfort efficiencyresulting from different minimum background sound levelscontrolled by SMS that are (a) fixed-level, (b) timer-controlled, and (c) AVC-controlled. Depending on officeoccupancy, results demonstrate that occupant acousticalcomfortwasimprovedbyupto50%andspeechprivacywasimproved by up to 15% compared to the timer-controlledlevels.

37 Restaurantacousticcomfortassessmentmethods

Tickell,Colin(1);Collings,Stephen(1)(1) RecognitionResearchPtyLtd,NSW,Australia

ABSTRACTRestaurantnoise,intermsofits'comfort'forbothdinersandstaffhasbeena topicofdiscussion for someyearsamongstoldermembersofsocietyandthereareanumberoftechnicalpapersonthesubject.TheAustralianAcousticalSociety(AAS)hasacaféand restaurant ratingacoustic index (CRAI)basedonasubjectiverankingfrom1to5.Butanobjectivemethodof rating and assessment is preferred to allow effectivecomparison be-tween sites, and different methods may beavailable. This paper provides an objectively based ratingsystembasedonthedifferencebetweenthemeasuredsoundlevel in a dining location and themaximum ambient soundlevels required for normal speech by males and females.Other aspects of architectural acoustics, such asreverberation time, and spectral content have yet to beincludedbutcanbeaddediftheratingdevelopsfurther.Theratingisfrom0to20,withthehighestratingnumberrelatingtoacceptablehearingandspeechcom-fort.Itisnotintendedtobeadefinitiveworkonthesubjectbutintendedtogettoan improvedandobjectiveapproach,whichmayormaynotbecomeanagreedstandardmethod.


3 Analyticalmodelsofacoustic scatteringbyan infiniteair-filled steel cylindrical shell in water under plane-waveexcitation

Hall,MarshallV. Marshall Hall Underwater Acoustics, Kingsgrove, New


ABSTRACTWhen a submerged fluid-filled cylindrical shell is ensonified,bothstructuralvibrations(affectedbythe internalfluid)andstandingwaves inthe internalfluid(causedbytheshell)areexcited and some of their eigenfrequencies may becomparable. Results obtained using three analytical modelsfor different aspects of scattering by an infinite shell arepresented.Thefirstmodelproducesaspectrumofscatteringdue to an incident orthogonal plane-wave and exhibits allresonances. The second model predicts approximateeigenfrequenciesofthestructuralvibrations.Thethirdmodelpredicts approximate eigenfrequencies of the internalstanding waves. For a steel shell submerged in water,changing the shell interior from vacuum to air creates fluidmodes but causes negligible difference to the structural



are achieved. This technology shows promise for use in anautomatedmonitoringsystemforindustrialapplications,withavailablescopeforfurtherrefinements.

D2-PM2-S1:Windturbinenoise

66 Comparison between perceptual responses to trafficnoise andwind farmnoise in a non-focused listeningtest

Hansen, Kristy (1); Nguyen, Phuc (1); Lechat, Bastien (1);Zajamsek,Branko(2);Alamir,Mahmoud(1);Micic,Gorica(2);Catcheside,Peter(2)(1) College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University,



ABSTRACTDespite the clear benefits of renewable energy, the rapidexpansion of wind energy has resulted in widespreadcommunitycomplaints regardingwind farmnoise (WFN).Asthe impact of WFN on sleep and health is not wellestablished, road traffic noise (RTN), withwell-known sleepdisturbance effects, is likely to be a useful environmentalnoise comparator. This study investigated the self-reportedannoyancetoshort-andlong-rangeWFNandRTNviaanon-focused listening test. Twenty-fiveparticipants fromaWFN-naïvesamplepopulationtookpartinthelisteningtest.Atotalof six stimuli were presented in random order for 10-mineach,whileparticipantswereengagedinareadingtask.FiveWFN and RTN stimuli were presented at a sound pressurelevel(SPL)of33dB(A)forcomparisonwiththesixth'nonoise'background control stimulus,whichhadan SPLof 23dB(A).After each stimulus, participants responded to questionsregardingannoyance, awareness, acceptability for sleepandloudness. Participants were also instructed to order thesamplesfromtheleasttothemostannoying.Short-andlong-rangeWFN and short-range RTNwere consistently rated asthemostannoyingac-cordingtosampleordering.Thereweresignificantdifferencesbetweensubjectiveresponsestonoisesamplesversusthe'nonoise'control,however,nosignificantdifferences in subjective reports toward specific noisesamples.

80 Wind farm infrasounddetectability and its effects onthe perception of wind farm noise amplitudemodulation

Nguyen, Duc Phuc (1); Hansen, Kristy (1); Zajamsek, Branko(1);Micic,Gorica(2);Catcheside,Peter(2)(1) College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University,



ABSTRACTSome residents attribute adverse effects to the presence ofwind farm (WF) infrasound. However, dominant features ofwindfarm noise such as infrasound, tonality and amplitudemodulation span the average human hearing threshold, soattribution to infrasound is problematic. This study used acombination of pre-recorded noise stimuli,measured at 3.2km from awind farm, in laboratory-based listening tests toinvestigate human perception of infrasound and amplitude

modulationatrealisticsoundpressurelevelsinagroupof14participants.Althougha small samplesizewarrantscautiousinterpretation,preliminaryresultssuggestdifferentialeffectsbetween self-reported non-sensitive versus noise-sensitiveparticipants, where the latter detected infrasound abovechance.Infrasounddidnotaffecttheperceptionofamplitudemodulation. Larger studies remain needed to clarify thesefindings.

D2-PM2-S2:Roomacoustics2-materials

75 20 years of micro-perforated (transparent) soundabsorbers

Nocke,Christian AkustikbüroOldenburg,Germany

ABSTRACTIn1975thetheoryofmicroperforatedsoundabsorberswasintroducedbyD.-Y.Maa.Thefirstopticallytransparentsoundabsorbers have been applied in the late 1990s. In 2000 anearly invisible micro-perforation was introduced totransparent sheets making these highly sound absorptive.Over the twenty years different set-ups made of micro-perforated layers, porous materials as well as plateresonators have been investigated. In this contributionapplications of various set-ups with micro-perforatedstretched foils will be presented. Applications in differentspaceswillbeshown.Day-lightceilings,mirrorceilingsaswellasabsorbersinfrontofglasswillbeshown.

12 Walk-through auralization framework for virtualreality environments powered by game enginearchitectures,PartII

Castro,Daniel(1);Verstappen,André(1);Platt,Samuel(1)(1) WGE/Stantec,Melbourne,Australia

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to present a Virtual Reality (VR) Acousticapplication that allows a user to experience the effect ofchanging the acoustic properties of surface materials in aroom,while freelymoving in a VR scenario. In a previouslyissuedpaper (Part I), thebackgroundanddescriptionof thesoftwarewerepresentedindetail.Whileabriefintroductionis also described in this paper, the focus of this work is tocomparea real case studyofanexistingclassroomwith thesame simulated room in VR. A comparison between theAmbisonics Room Impulse Response (ARIR) measurementsand 3D simulated ARIRs using CATT is presented, whileproviding an overview of the potential use for suchapplication. Inaddition to the integrationof theVRacousticapplicationinUnity3D,a linktoanonlinevideotoprovideasubjective listening experience of the same room is alsoshared.





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modes.Forashellof radius3.25m,thespectrumfrom0to5000Hzcontains18structuralresonancesandapproximately3600 fluid resonances. The bandwidths of the structuralresonances decrease from around 100 Hz to 3 Hz asfrequency increases, while those of the fluid modes arearound1cHz.

14 The effect of hemispherical surface on noisesuppressionofasupersonicjet

Coombs,Jesse(1);Schembri,Tyler(1);Zander,Anthony(1)(1) SchoolofMechanicalEngineering,UniversityofAdelaide,

SouthAustralia

ABSTRACTHighpressuregasventingoperations,knownasblowdowns,such as from natural gas pipelines, are known to producesignificantnoise.Onedevicewhichhasshownsomepotentialfor noise abatement is a hemispherical acoustic reflector,whichhasbeenobserved tobe effective for pressure ratiosfrom 2 to 4. However, typical pipeline venting operationsoccur at pressure ratios far exceeding this. Therefore, thepresent study aims to experimentally investigate theinfluenceofhemisphericalnoisereductionreflectoronsonicjet flows at pressures more typical of pipeline ventingoperations. Results of experimental noise measurementsfrom blow-downs with and without two different sizeacoustic reflectors are presented. The smaller acousticreflector was found to strongly interact with the jet, in amanner making it unsuitable for extended use without asignificant increaseinstructuralsupport.Thelargerreflectorshowed levels of noise reduction on parwith those seen atlower pressures. This suggests that acoustic reflectors ofsuitable scale, when appropriately structurally sup-ported,area suitablenoise reductionmethod for thehighpressureventingtypicalofblowdownoperations.

52 Modelling the vibroacoustic behaviour of expansionchambersilencersforfluid-filledpipesystems

DeCandia, Steven (1);Moore, Stephen (1);MacGillivray, Ian(1);Skvortsov,Alex(1)(1) DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,Fisherman’sBend,

Victoria,Australia

ABSTRACTSilencersforexhausts,pipesystems,andductsoftenincludeanexpansionchamber,whichcausesanimpedancechangeinthe pipe and transmission loss across the silencer. In pipesystems conveying a dense fluid, the elasticity of theexpansionchamberwallcanbeanimportantfactoraffectingthe vibroacoustic behaviour of the silencer. This paperdescribesanalyticalandfinite-elementmodellingofasilencerconveyingsuchadensefluid.Theanalyticalapproachusedafluid-filledbeammodeltodescribethepropagationofplanewaves in the fluid, the structural response of the pipe, andPoisson coupling between the fluid and the structure. Thefinite element model was developed with the ANSYSMechanical solver to conduct a fully coupled fluid-structuremodalandharmonicresponseanalysis.Resultsdemonstratedthat the analytical model was sufficient for predicting thetransmissionlossbelowthecut-onoftransversemodesinthefluid and circumferential modes in the pipe. A significantadvantage of the finite element model was the ability tomodelaninternalrubberliningandalsotoidentifyhowout-of-planemotionofexpansionchamberflangescontributedtothetransmissionlossofthesilencer.

51 Transmission, reflection and energy exchanges forwavesinfiniteone-dimensionalPT-symmetricperiodicstructures

McMahon,Darryl Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin


ABSTRACTTime reversibility of waves within a periodic structureconstrains their properties but allows both elastic andinelasticscattering.TimereversibleelasticscatteringleadstoBloch-Floquet waves (BFW) exhibiting passing and stoppingbands for an infinite periodic structure, and time reversibleinelastic scatterers likewise exhibits passing and stoppingbands but only for a particular domain of parameters.Physical realizations of time reversible inelastic scatterershave exploited parity-time (PT) symmetry with two parts,each of which is time irreversible while mirrored such thattheir PT combination is symmetric. The second propagationdomainforinelasticscattering(called"broken"PT-symmetry)is entirely a passing band that transmits and reflects morewaveenergythanintheinputwave.Inthe"broken"domainform=2nscatterers,wherenisanyoddinteger,amplificationpeaks at the same discrete wavenumbers as well-knownBragg reflections. A property of PT-symmetric scatterers attheboundaryofitstwodomainsisunidirectional"invisibility"where there are no reflections for one of the two possibleincidentwavedirections.APT-symmetricperiodicstructureisshownhere toalsohavebidirectional"invisibility"atcertaindiscretewavenumbers.

D3-AM2-S1:Aeroacoustics

13 TheInfluenceofflexibletabsonhighspeedjetnoise


SouthAustralia

ABSTRACTFlexible tabs have been shown to be effective for noisereduction in a number of low speed aerodynamic ap-plications, including aerofoils, and cylindrical bluff bodies,bothsquareandcircular.Although regular,non-flexible tabshavebeeninvestigatedforthecontrolofhighspeedjetnoise,theapplicationofflexibletabsdoesnotappeartohavebeeninvestigated previously. Therefore, the influence of flexibletabs on the noise produced by high speed jets issuing fromcircular nozzles was experimentally investigated. Singlemicrophonemeasurementsofthenoisefromair jetsatflowspeeds of Mach 0.8 and 1 with 3 different configurationflexible nozzles were obtained for a range of observationanglesfrom90to150degreesfromthejetaxis.Theseresultsare presented as spectra and overall sound pressure levels.Fortheconfigurationsofflexibletabnozzlesandobservationangles investigated the flexible tabswere found to increaseoverallsoundpressurelevelsinallcases.





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60 Embedded large eddy simulation method forpredictingflow-inducednoise

Lane,Graeme(1,2);Croaker,Paul(2.3);Ding,Yan(1)(1) RMITUniversity,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia(2) Defence Science & Technology Group, Melbourne,

Victoria,Australia(3) University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South

Wales,Australia

ABSTRACTPredictionofflow-inducednoiseisofconsiderableinterestina range of applications. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)using the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach offers thepossibility of obtaining acoustic predictions directly fromtime-resolvedpressurefluctuations.However,theapplicationof LES in design studies remains limited by its highcomputational cost. One approach to reduce the cost isEmbedded LES (ELES), in which LES is applied only in user-selected regions of interest which are known to dominatenoise production, while applying the Reynolds-AveragedNavier Stokes (RANS) equations elsewhere. To test thisconcept, ELES has been implemented in the open sourceOpenFOAMCFDcode,andthemethodwasappliedtomodelthe trailing edge noise due to flow around a NACA0012aerofoil. Simulations were run using ELES, with LEScalculations limitedtoaregionsurroundingthetrailingedgeoftheaerofoil.Forcomparison,afullLEScoveringthewholeflow domain was also carried out, with both comparedagainst published experimental results. For the ELES, thefinitevolumemeshcontainedapproximately13millioncells,whereas for full LES, the mesh contained approximately 40millioncells.Allothermodellingsettingswerekeptthesame.From the predicted pressure fluctuations, the trailing edgesurface pressure and far-field pressure spectra wereobtained. The results obtained using ELES were in goodagreement with the full LES results at a fraction of thecomputational cost, thus providing a way forward fordevelopingmoreaffordableLESforflownoisepredictions.

74 Prediction of small-scale rotor noise using a low-fidelity-model-basedframework

Chen,Li(1);Batty,Trevor(2);Giacobello,Matteo(2);Widjaja,Ronny(2)(1) MaritimeDivision,DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,

Fisherman’sBend,Victoria,Australia(2) Aerospace Division, Defence Science & Technology

Group,Fisherman’sBend,Australia

ABSTRACTA model framework for rapid assessment of the noisegeneratedbysmall-scalerotors,suchasthosefoundonsmallUninhabitedAerialSystems(UAS),ispresented.Theacousticsignatures of two commercially available 2-blade rotors inhover conditions are considered, namely the DJI-CF 9.4x4.3andAPC-SF11x4.7whichhaveadiameters0.24mand0.28m, respectively. The model framework is based mainly onsemi-imperialmodelswithlimitedinputsfromComputationalFluid Dynamics (CFD) based solutions. Supplementing themodelsusingCFD-basedsolution inputs leadstoa improvedacoustic signature prediction. The predicted noises of bothnarrow-band and broadband are compared with theexperimentalmeasurements,andtheagreement is foundtobereasonable.


50 Static insertion loss, transmission loss and noisereductiontestingofanacousticlouvre

Hayne, Michael (1); Tan, Dexter (2); Devereux, Richard (3);Mee,DavidJ.(2)(1) SoundBASE Consulting Engineers, Sinnamon Park,

Queensland,Australia(2) School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The

UniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,Australia(3) ACRAN,Richlands,Queensland,Australia

ABSTRACTPrevious research by the authors into the testing andperformance quantification of acoustic louvres shows thatwhile performance indicators such as static insertion loss,transmissionlossandnoisereductionarefrequentlyusedbylouvremanufacturers,theymaynotaccuratelyrepresentthein-situ sound insulation performance. To examine therelationship between static insertion loss, transmission lossandnoise reduction,a single stageacoustic louvrehasbeentested in accordance with standard and non-standard testmethodologies. The testing included reverberant-to-reverberanttestingusingatransmissionlosssuite;thisisthemost commonmethodutilisedbymanufacturers for testingofacousticlouvres.Othertestmethodologieswerechosentoreplicate the typical installation of acoustic louvres andinvolved reverberant-to-free-field in the external wall of areverberationchamberandattheoutletofaductdischarginginto free-field conditions. The results obtained for each testmethodology are compared with relevant theory and eachother to determine the advantages and disadvantages ofeach performance indicator and test methodology. Theresults show that static insertion loss obtained usingreverberant-to-direct testing provides the most detailedinformation about the sound insulation performance of anacousticlouvre.

77 Lightweight noise barriers: The real-world effects ofpanel surface mass and absorption on acousticperformance

Chen,Kanvin(1);Beresford,Timothy(presenter,1)(1) NormanDisney&Young,Auckland,NewZealand

ABSTRACTCurrent practice in noise barrier design places strongemphasisontheselectionofbarriermaterialswithrelativelyhigh panel surface mass. Common rules-of-thumb suggestminimum surface masses of between 8 and 15kg/m2. Forrooftopmechanicalplantequipmentscreens,theremaybeadesire to utilise materials which are lighter and easier toinstall; such as solid aluminium, or aluminium compositematerial (ACM) sheet. Such materials may have a surfacemass as low as 4kg/m2. Based on the results of full-scalephysical testing, this study investigated the insertion losseffectsofvaryingthepanelmass, internalsoundabsorption,and barrier configuration for typical screened-off plantenclosureswithopentops.ComparisonsweremadebetweenthephysicaltestresultsandSoundPLANcomputermodelling,which showed the computer modelling significantlyoverestimated the barrier losses. It was found, for themeasured plant enclosure configurations, there was analmost insignificant performance increase in doubling thesurface mass of the enclosure material from 5.4kg/m2 to10.8kg/m2. The introduction of sound absorption into the



modes.Forashellof radius3.25m,thespectrumfrom0to5000Hzcontains18structuralresonancesandapproximately3600 fluid resonances. The bandwidths of the structuralresonances decrease from around 100 Hz to 3 Hz asfrequency increases, while those of the fluid modes arearound1cHz.

14 The effect of hemispherical surface on noisesuppressionofasupersonicjet


SouthAustralia

ABSTRACTHighpressuregasventingoperations,knownasblowdowns,such as from natural gas pipelines, are known to producesignificantnoise.Onedevicewhichhasshownsomepotentialfor noise abatement is a hemispherical acoustic reflector,whichhasbeenobserved tobe effective for pressure ratiosfrom 2 to 4. However, typical pipeline venting operationsoccur at pressure ratios far exceeding this. Therefore, thepresent study aims to experimentally investigate theinfluenceofhemisphericalnoisereductionreflectoronsonicjet flows at pressures more typical of pipeline ventingoperations. Results of experimental noise measurementsfrom blow-downs with and without two different sizeacoustic reflectors are presented. The smaller acousticreflector was found to strongly interact with the jet, in amanner making it unsuitable for extended use without asignificant increaseinstructuralsupport.Thelargerreflectorshowed levels of noise reduction on parwith those seen atlower pressures. This suggests that acoustic reflectors ofsuitable scale, when appropriately structurally sup-ported,area suitablenoise reductionmethod for thehighpressureventingtypicalofblowdownoperations.

52 Modelling the vibroacoustic behaviour of expansionchambersilencersforfluid-filledpipesystems

DeCandia, Steven (1);Moore, Stephen (1);MacGillivray, Ian(1);Skvortsov,Alex(1)(1) DefenceScience&TechnologyGroup,Fisherman’sBend,

Victoria,Australia

ABSTRACTSilencersforexhausts,pipesystems,andductsoftenincludeanexpansionchamber,whichcausesanimpedancechangeinthe pipe and transmission loss across the silencer. In pipesystems conveying a dense fluid, the elasticity of theexpansionchamberwallcanbeanimportantfactoraffectingthe vibroacoustic behaviour of the silencer. This paperdescribesanalyticalandfinite-elementmodellingofasilencerconveyingsuchadensefluid.Theanalyticalapproachusedafluid-filledbeammodeltodescribethepropagationofplanewaves in the fluid, the structural response of the pipe, andPoisson coupling between the fluid and the structure. Thefinite element model was developed with the ANSYSMechanical solver to conduct a fully coupled fluid-structuremodalandharmonicresponseanalysis.Resultsdemonstratedthat the analytical model was sufficient for predicting thetransmissionlossbelowthecut-onoftransversemodesinthefluid and circumferential modes in the pipe. A significantadvantage of the finite element model was the ability tomodelaninternalrubberliningandalsotoidentifyhowout-of-planemotionofexpansionchamberflangescontributedtothetransmissionlossofthesilencer.

51 Transmission, reflection and energy exchanges forwavesinfiniteone-dimensionalPT-symmetricperiodicstructures

McMahon,Darryl Centre for Marine Science and Technology, Curtin


ABSTRACTTime reversibility of waves within a periodic structureconstrains their properties but allows both elastic andinelasticscattering.TimereversibleelasticscatteringleadstoBloch-Floquet waves (BFW) exhibiting passing and stoppingbands for an infinite periodic structure, and time reversibleinelastic scatterers likewise exhibits passing and stoppingbands but only for a particular domain of parameters.Physical realizations of time reversible inelastic scatterershave exploited parity-time (PT) symmetry with two parts,each of which is time irreversible while mirrored such thattheir PT combination is symmetric. The second propagationdomainforinelasticscattering(called"broken"PT-symmetry)is entirely a passing band that transmits and reflects morewaveenergythanintheinputwave.Inthe"broken"domainform=2nscatterers,wherenisanyoddinteger,amplificationpeaks at the same discrete wavenumbers as well-knownBragg reflections. A property of PT-symmetric scatterers attheboundaryofitstwodomainsisunidirectional"invisibility"where there are no reflections for one of the two possibleincidentwavedirections.APT-symmetricperiodicstructureisshownhere toalsohavebidirectional"invisibility"atcertaindiscretewavenumbers.

D3-AM2-S1:Aeroacoustics

13 TheInfluenceofflexibletabsonhighspeedjetnoise


SouthAustralia

ABSTRACTFlexible tabs have been shown to be effective for noisereduction in a number of low speed aerodynamic ap-plications, including aerofoils, and cylindrical bluff bodies,bothsquareandcircular.Although regular,non-flexible tabshavebeeninvestigatedforthecontrolofhighspeedjetnoise,theapplicationofflexibletabsdoesnotappeartohavebeeninvestigated previously. Therefore, the influence of flexibletabs on the noise produced by high speed jets issuing fromcircular nozzles was experimentally investigated. Singlemicrophonemeasurementsofthenoisefromair jetsatflowspeeds of Mach 0.8 and 1 with 3 different configurationflexible nozzles were obtained for a range of observationanglesfrom90to150degreesfromthejetaxis.Theseresultsare presented as spectra and overall sound pressure levels.Fortheconfigurationsofflexibletabnozzlesandobservationangles investigated the flexible tabswere found to increaseoverallsoundpressurelevelsinallcases.





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enclosure showed good barrier loss improvements. Theintroduction of a secondary front screen also provedbeneficialatreducingnoisespillundertheplantscreen.Finally, a simple algorithm is presented in this paper forestimating the reduction in noise barrier performance forlightweight barriers, based on a correction for thetransmissionlossthroughthebarriermaterial.

23 Casestudiesofinnovativewindowandbalconydesignfortrafficnoisemitigation

Cheung, Frank S.M. (1); Li, Leo Y.C. (1); Lai, Andy K.Y. (1);Chan,HenryC.K.(presenter,1)(1) Allied Environmental Consultants Ltd, Wan Chai, Hong

Kong

ABSTRACTTraffic noise is one of the critical environmental issues in amodern city. High-rise residential buildings need to beprovidedwithgoodsoundmitigationsinordertoreducethenoise from traffic. Other than building a big roadside noisebarrier, somepassivemitigationmeasures at the residentialunit itselfcouldbeagoodchoiceforcontrollingtrafficnoiseingress without compromising natural ventilation. Differenttypes of specially designed acoustic windows and balconieshavebeenstudiedtocateraddressthenoiseproblem.Testshavebeen carriedout toquantify theacousticperformanceofthosewindowsandbalconies.





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PAPERSBYTHEMESAcousticsofmaterials

Transmission,reflectionandenergyexchangesforwavesinfiniteone-dimensionalPT-symmetricperiodicstructuresMcMahon,Darryl...................................................................................................................................................................36

20yearsofmicro-perforated(transparent)soundabsorbersNocke,Christian.....................................................................................................................................................................34

AeroacousticsPredictionofsmall-scalerotornoiseusingalow-fidelity-model-basedframework

Chen,Li;Batty,Trevor;Giacobello,Matteo;Wajaja,Ronny..................................................................................................37TheInfluenceofflexibletabsonhighspeedjetnoise

Coombs,Jesse;Schembri,Tyler;Zander,Anthony.................................................................................................................36Benchmarkingaquasi-steadymethodforpredictingpropellerunsteadyloads

Howell,Richard;Dylejko,Paul;Croaker,Paul;Skvortsov,Alex..............................................................................................28Experimentalinvestigationofcontra-rotatingmulti-rotorUAVpropellernoise

McKay,Ryan;Kingan,Michael;Go,Robin.............................................................................................................................28

AircraftnoiseCompetingconsiderationsforaircraftnoisemonitorplacements

Fenner,Belinda;Latimore,Mark;Moyo,Clyton;Zissermann,Paul.......................................................................................28CitywidenoisemappingforANEFContours

Hinze,Benjamin;Tsakiris,Janos;Zhao,Jessica......................................................................................................................27Experimentalinvestigationofcontra-rotatingmulti-rotorUAVpropellernoise

McKay,Ryan;Kingan,Michael;Go,Robin.............................................................................................................................28Assessingtheenvironmentalimpactsofaircraftnoise

Moyo,Clyton;Latimore,Mark;Fenner,Belinda;Zissermann,Paul.......................................................................................28

ArchitecturalandbuildingacousticsRay-tracingcomputer-aided-designtoolsinauditoriadesign–pastandfuture

Chen,Yuxiao;Fearnside,Peter...............................................................................................................................................32Structuralconnectionsandthesoundinsulationofcavitywallsanddoubleglazing

Davy,JohnLaurence...............................................................................................................................................................27Mass-air-massresonancecavitysuppressionusingHelmholtzresonators

Hall,Andrew;Dodd,George;Schmid,Gian............................................................................................................................29Improvingspeechprivacyandacousticcomfortinoffices

L'Espérance,André;Boudreau,Alex;Boudreault,Louis-Alexis;Gariépy,François;Mackenzie,Roderick..............................35AcousticsbehaviourofCLTstructure:transmissionloss,impactnoiseinsulationandflankingtransmissionevaluations

Loriggiola,Fabrio;Dall'Acquad'Industria,Luca(presenter);Granzotto,Nicola;DiBella,Antonino.....................................2920yearsofmicro-perforated(transparent)soundabsorbers

Nocke,Christian.....................................................................................................................................................................34LateralreflectionsintheSydneyTownHall;preservationofroomacousticsinahistoricallysignificantvenue

Ottley,Matthew.....................................................................................................................................................................32Theeffectsofmass-air-massresonanceontheRw+Ctrperformanceofwallsystems

Pirozek,Peter.........................................................................................................................................................................29Effectivenessoftherubberballcomparedtothetappingmachineastheimpactsourcetomeasuretheimpactsound

insulationpropertiesPolwaththeGallage,HasithaNayanajith;Palmer,Ross;Eric,Huang;Roger,Hawkins.........................................................29

Co-teachingin(refurbished)flexiblelearningspaces:PromotingqualityacousticsforlearningandcollaborationRobinson,Amanda;Bellert,Anne...........................................................................................................................................35

Improvingshapedesignofauditoriumswithreal-timefeedbackbasedonparametricmodelling,simulationandmachinelearningWang,Chunxiao;Lu,Shuai(presenter)..................................................................................................................................32

Buildingvibrationandstructure-bornenoiseGround-bornenoise&vibrationpropagationmeasurementsandpredictionvalidationsfromarailwaytunnelproject

Karantonis,Peter;Weber,Conrad;Hayden,Puckeridge........................................................................................................31Apracticalapproachtobuildingisolation

Valerio,DouglasG..................................................................................................................................................................30



enclosure showed good barrier loss improvements. Theintroduction of a secondary front screen also provedbeneficialatreducingnoisespillundertheplantscreen.Finally, a simple algorithm is presented in this paper forestimating the reduction in noise barrier performance forlightweight barriers, based on a correction for thetransmissionlossthroughthebarriermaterial.

23 Casestudiesofinnovativewindowandbalconydesignfortrafficnoisemitigation

Cheung, Frank S.M. (1); Li, Leo Y.C. (1); Lai, Andy K.Y. (1);Chan,HenryC.K.(presenter,1)(1) Allied Environmental Consultants Ltd, Wan Chai, Hong

Kong

ABSTRACTTraffic noise is one of the critical environmental issues in amodern city. High-rise residential buildings need to beprovidedwithgoodsoundmitigationsinordertoreducethenoise from traffic. Other than building a big roadside noisebarrier, somepassivemitigationmeasures at the residentialunit itselfcouldbeagoodchoiceforcontrollingtrafficnoiseingress without compromising natural ventilation. Differenttypes of specially designed acoustic windows and balconieshavebeenstudiedtocateraddressthenoiseproblem.Testshavebeen carriedout toquantify theacousticperformanceofthosewindowsandbalconies.





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EnvironmentalnoiseNoiseinabigcity-IsJerusalemdifferent?

Broner,Norm.........................................................................................................................................................................23Noiseimpactanditsmagnitude

Fitzell,RobertJohn.................................................................................................................................................................23Expectedambientnoiselevelsindifferentland-useareas

Fitzell,RobertJohn.................................................................................................................................................................21Roadtrafficnoiseimpactsandpropertyturnover

Hinze,Benjamin;Laurence,Nicol...........................................................................................................................................21Remotelypilotedaircraftsystems(RPAS)noiseinanurbanenvironment

Latimore,Mark;Moyo,Clyton;Fenner,Belinda;Zissermann,Paul.......................................................................................23Theuseofprobabilisticnoisemodellinginthedesignofopencutmines

Procter,Tim;Brown,A.Lex....................................................................................................................................................24Indiscerniblenoise–areviewofacousticcriteriaforimpulsivenoiseeventinpresenceofbackgroundnoise

Sheikh,Mahbub;Evenden,Craig;Terlich,Matthew..............................................................................................................23

InstrumentationandmeasurementtechniquesUsingacousticcameraswith3Dmodellingtovisualiseroomreflections

Harkom,Lily;Thompson,Derek.............................................................................................................................................32

LowfrequencynoiseandinfrasoundWindfarminfrasounddetectabilityanditseffectsontheperceptionofwindfarmnoiseamplitudemodulation

Nguyen,DucPhuc;Hansen,Kristy;Zajamsek,Branko;Micic,Gorica;Catcheside,Peter.....................................................34

NoiseandhealthUpdateoftheWHOevidencereviewsandtheirimplicationsforpolicyandresearch

vanKamp,Irene.....................................................................................................................................................................20

NoiseandvibrationcontrolLightweightnoisebarriers:Thereal-worldeffectsofpanelsurfacemassandabsorptiononacousticperformance

Chen,Kanvin;Beresford,Timothy(presenter).......................................................................................................................37Casestudiesofinnovativewindowandbalconydesignfortrafficnoisemitigation

Cheung,FrankS.M.;Li,LeoY.C.;Lai,AndyK.Y.;Chan,HenryC.K.(presenter).......................................................................38Theeffectofhemisphericalsurfaceonnoisesuppressionofasupersonicjet

Coombs,Jesse;Schembri,Tyler;Zander,Anthony.................................................................................................................36Structuralconnectionsandthesoundinsulationofcavitywallsanddoubleglazing

Davy,JohnLaurence...............................................................................................................................................................27Modellingthevibroacousticbehaviourofexpansionchambersilencersforfluid-filledpipesystems

DeCandia,Steven;Moore,Stephen;MacGillivray,Ian;Skvortsov,Alexei.............................................................................36Analyticalmodelsofacousticscatteringbyaninfiniteair-filledsteelcylindricalshellinwaterunderplane-waveexcitation

Hall,MarshallV......................................................................................................................................................................35Staticinsertionloss,transmissionlossandnoisereductiontestingofanacousticlouvre

Hayne,Michael;Tan,Dexter;Devereux,Richard;Mee,DavidJ.............................................................................................37Acousticsignaturecontrolonmaritimeplatforms

Moore,Stephen......................................................................................................................................................................23Theeffectsofmass-air-massresonanceontheRw+Ctrperformanceofwallsystems

Pirozek,Peter.........................................................................................................................................................................29

Policy,regulationandstandardNoisefromamplifiedentertainmentvenues

Palmer,Ross...........................................................................................................................................................................21Therelevanceofthe2018WHOnoiseguidelinestoAustralasianroadtrafficnoiseobjectives.

Parnell,Jeffrey;Peng,Jeffrey.................................................................................................................................................20AS1055:2018revision

Tickell,Colin...........................................................................................................................................................................20Restaurantacousticcomfortassessmentmethods

Tickell,Colin;Collings,Stephen..............................................................................................................................................35NoiseinplanningandenvironmentalimpactassessmentinAustralia

Wimbush,Nick.......................................................................................................................................................................20

PsychoacousticsLearnedhelplessness:effectonfutureperformancefromnoiseandnegativepastperformance.

Burgess,Marion;Molesworth,BrettRC................................................................................................................................35





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RailwaynoiseandvibrationAcousticdesignfortheMelbourneMetroTunnelproject

Burgemeister,Kym;Digerness,Joseph;Fong,Ken-Yi;Setton,Philip;Thompson,Derek........................................................30Ground-bornenoise&vibrationpropagationmeasurementsandpredictionvalidationsfromarailwaytunnelproject

Karantonis,Peter;Weber,Conrad;Hayden,Puckeridge........................................................................................................31CurvingnoisefromtheWesternAustralianfreightrailnetwork:waysidemonitoringandmechanismanalysis

Li,Binghui;Zoontjens,Luke(presenter).................................................................................................................................31TheeffectofTrackDecayRateonin-carriagenoiseforresilienttrackfixings

Setton,Philip;Burgemeister,Kym;Digerness,Joseph;Fong,Ken-Yi;Wedd,Nick.................................................................31

RoadtrafficnoiseRONDACPXtrailermeasurementsinQueensland

Chung,Michael;Hinze,Benjamin;Kim,David;Macabenta,Neil...........................................................................................25Investigationofuniformandnon-uniformtrafficdistributiononroadtrafficnoisepredictionformulti-laneroadways

Hall,Nic;Wassermann,John(presenter);Peng,Jeffrey;Parnell,Jeffrey...............................................................................25Longtermacousticperformanceofdifferentasphaltconfigurations

McIntosh,James;Wong,Felice;Macha,Pascal;Buret,Marc................................................................................................25Therelevanceofthe2018WHOnoiseguidelinestoAustralasianroadtrafficnoiseobjectives.

Parnell,Jeffrey;Peng,Jeffrey.................................................................................................................................................20Comparisonofequivalentcontinuousnoiselevelsandday-evening-nightcompositenoiseindicatorsforassessmentofroad

trafficnoisePeng,Jeffrey;Parnell,Jeffrey;Kessissoglou,Nicole...............................................................................................................25

SignalprocessingUseofrobustCaponbeamformerforextractingaudiosignal

Bao,Chaoying;Jia,Ling;Pan,Jie............................................................................................................................................33Useofadeepconvolutionalneuralnetworkandbeamformingforlocalisationanddiagnosisofindustrynoisesources

Capon,Gareth;Chen,Hao;Bao,Chaoying;Sun,Hongmei;Matthews,David;Pan,Jie.........................................................332Dtomographicimagingofactivesonarechoesusinganon-uniformFFTtechnique

Nguyen,Binh;Tran,Hai-Tan;Wood,Shane...........................................................................................................................33Cepstralcoefficientfeatureextractionforactivesonarclassification

Suranyi,Boaz;Nguyen,Binh..................................................................................................................................................33

SoftwareandmodellingWalk-throughauralizationframeworkforvirtualrealityenvironmentspoweredbygameenginearchitectures,PartII

Castro,Daniel;Verstappen,André;Platt,Samuel..................................................................................................................34Embeddedlargeeddysimulationmethodforpredictingflow-inducednoise

Lane,Graeme;Croaker,Paul;Ding,Yan................................................................................................................................37Investigationofunderwaterhullradiationduetomachinenoise

Pan,Xia;Wilkes,Daniel;Forrest,James.................................................................................................................................30ComparisonofrailnoisemodellingwithCadnaAandSoundPLAN

Puckeridge,Hayden;Braunstein,Timothy;Conrad,Weber...................................................................................................31

SoundscapeUrbansoundplanning–asoundscapeapproach

Kang,Jian...............................................................................................................................................................................27

UnderwateracousticsSurfacegeneratedunderwaternoiseinopenandenclosedwaters

Cato,DouglasH......................................................................................................................................................................26Animprovedcorrelationofbubblesizedistributionwiththemeasuredacousticspectrumforaturbulentbubbleplume

Chen,Li...................................................................................................................................................................................24Acousticpropagationinrealistic3Dnonlinearinternalwaves

Duncan,Alec;Shimizu,Kenji;Parnum,Iain;MacLeod,Rod;Buchan,SteveJ.........................................................................22SignaturewhistlesofIndo-Pacificbottlenosedolphins(Tursiopsaduncus)intheFremantleInnerHarbour,WesternAustralia

Erbe,Christine;Salgado-Kent,Chandra;Winter,Simone;Marley,Sarah;Ward,Rhianne(Duncan,Alecpresenter)............26Analyticalmodelsofacousticscatteringbyaninfiniteair-filledsteelcylindricalshellinwaterunderplane-waveexcitation

Hall,MarshallV......................................................................................................................................................................35Long-rangeaveragereverberationintensityattenuationcharacteristicsinshallowwater

Hou,Qiannan;Wu,Jinrong;Ma,Li........................................................................................................................................22Estimatesofcoherentleakageofsoundfromoceansurfaceductsforfirstandhigherordermodes

Jones,AdrianD.;Zinoviev,Alex;Duncan,Alec;Zhang,ZhiYong...........................................................................................22





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AUTHORINDEX

AAlamir,Mahmoud.................................34BBao,Chaoying..................................33,34Batty,Trevor..........................................37Bell,Elanor............................................26Bellert,Anne..........................................35Beresford,Timothy................................38Boudreau,Alex......................................35Boudreault,Louis-Alexis........................35Braunstein,Timothy..............................31Broner,Norm........................................23Brown,A.Lex.........................................24Buchan,SteveJ......................................22Buret,Marc...........................................25Burgemeister,Kym..........................30,31Burgess,Marion....................................35CCalderan,Susannah...............................26Capon,Gareth.......................................34Castro,Daniel........................................34Catcheside,Peter..................................34Cato,DouglasH.....................................26Chan,HenryC.K.....................................38Chen,Hao..............................................34Chen,Kanvin..........................................38Chen,Li............................................24,37Chen,Yuxiao..........................................32Cheung,FrankS.M................................38Chung,Michael......................................25Collings,Stephen...................................35Conrad,Weber......................................31Coombs,Jesse.................................36,37Croaker,Paul...................................28,37DDall'Acquad'Industria,Luca..................29DamienKilleen,.....................................24Davy,JohnLaurence..............................27DeCandia,Steven.................................36Devereux,Richard.................................37DiBella,Antonino..................................29Digerness,Joseph............................30,31Ding,Yan...............................................37Dodd,George........................................29Double,MichaelC.................................26Duncan,Alec........................22,24,26,30Dylejko,Paul..........................................28EErbe,Christine.................................26,30Eric,Huang............................................29Evenden,Craig.......................................23FFearnside,Peter....................................32Fenner,Belinda...............................23,28Fitzell,RobertJohn..........................21,23Fong,Ken-Yi.....................................30,31Forrest,James.......................................30GGariépy,François...................................35Gavrilov,Alexander...............................27Giacobello,Matteo................................37Go,Robin...............................................28Granzotto,Nicola..................................29HHall,Andrew..........................................29

Hall,MarshallV.....................................36Hall,Nic.................................................25Hansen,Kristy........................................34Harkom,Lily...........................................33Hayden,Puckeridge...............................31Hayne,Michael......................................37Hinze,Benjamin........................21,25,27Hou,Qiannan........................................22Howell,Richard.....................................28JJeffrey,Parnell.......................................25Jeffrey,Peng..........................................25Jia,Ling..................................................33Jones,AdrianD......................................22KKang,Jian...............................................27Karantonis,Peter...................................31Kessissoglou,Nicole..............................25Kim,David.............................................25Kingan,Michael.....................................28LLai,AndyK.Y..........................................38Lane,Graeme........................................37Latimore,Mark................................23,28Lau,James.............................................24Laurence,Nicol......................................21Lechat,Bastien......................................34L'Espérance,André................................35LiPeng,..................................................30Li,Binghui..............................................31Li,LeoY.C..............................................38Loriggiola,Fabrio...................................29Lourey,Simon........................................24Lu,Licheng.............................................21Lu,Shuai................................................32MMa,Li...............................................21,22Macabenta,Neil....................................25MacGillivray,Ian....................................36Macha,Pascal........................................25Mackenzie,Roderick.............................35MacLeod,Rod........................................22Marley,Sarah........................................26Matthews,David...................................34McIntosh,James....................................25McKay,Ryan..........................................28McMahon,Darryl..................................36Mee,DavidJ..........................................37Micic,Gorica..........................................34Miller,BrianS........................................26Miller,Elanor.........................................26Molesworth,BrettRC...........................35Moore,Stephen..............................23,36Moyo,Clyton...................................23,28NNguyen,Binh.........................................33Nguyen,DucPhuc.................................34Nguyen,Phuc........................................34Ni,Haiyan..............................................21Nocke,Christian....................................34OOttley,Matthew....................................32PPadfield,Nick.........................................25Palmer,Ross....................................21,29

Pan,Jie............................................33,34Pan,Xia..................................................30Parnell,Jeffrey.................................20,25Parnum,Iain..........................................22Parsons,MilesJames.............................30Parsons,SylviaKarin..............................30Peng,Jeffrey....................................20,25Pirozek,Peter........................................29Platt,Samuel.........................................34PolwaththeGallage,HasithaNayanajith...............................................................29Procter,Tim...........................................24Puckeridge,Hayden...............................31RRen,Qunran..........................................21Robinson,Amanda................................35Roger,Hawkins......................................29SSalgado-Kent,Chandra..........................26Schembri,Tyler................................36,37Schmid,Gian.........................................29Setton,Philip...................................30,31Sheikh,Mahbub....................................23Shimizu,Kenji........................................22Širović,Ana............................................26Skvortsov,Alex................................28,36Stafford,KatHleenM.............................26Sun,Hongmei........................................34Suranyi,Boaz.........................................33TTan,Dexter............................................37Terlich,Matthew...................................23Thompson,Derek............................30,33Tickell,Colin....................................20,35Tran,Hai-Tan.........................................33Tsakiris,Janos........................................27VValerio,DouglasG.................................30vanKamp,Irene....................................20Verstappen,André................................34WWang,Chunxiao....................................32Wang,Wenbo........................................21Ward,Rhianne.......................................26Wassermann,John................................25Weber,Conrad......................................31Wedd,Nick............................................31Widjaja,Ronny......................................37Wilkes,Daniel........................................30Wimbush,Nick......................................20Winter,Simone.....................................26Wong,Felice..........................................25Wood,Shane.........................................33Wu,Jinrong...........................................22YYinYilong,..............................................30ZZajamsek,Branko..................................34Zander,Anthony..............................36,37Zhang,ZhiYong...............................22,27Zhao,Jessica..........................................27Zinoviev,Alex........................................22Zissermann,Paul.............................23,28Zoontjens,Luke.....................................31



Acousticvelocitysignaturesofairguns-preliminaryresultsKilleen,Damien;Duncan,Alec................................................................................................................................................24

Low-frequencyunderwateracousticssensitivitycalibrationinachamberLiPeng,;YinYilong,................................................................................................................................................................30

InvestigationoftemporalcoherenceandrelatedissuesduringtheLittoralContinuousActiveSonar2016trialLourey,Simon;Lau,James(presenter)...................................................................................................................................24

Apassiveacousticsurveyformarinemammalsconductedduringthe2019AntarcticvoyageonEuphausiidsandNutrientRecyclinginCetaceanHotspots(ENRICH)Miller,BrianS.;Calderan,Susannah;Miller,Elanor;Širović,Ana;Stafford,KathleenM;Bell,Elanor;Double,MichaelC....26

2Dtomographicimagingofactivesonarechoesusinganon-uniformFFTtechniqueNguyen,Binh;Tran,Hai-Tan;Wood,Shane...........................................................................................................................33

SedimentcharacterizationfromacousticechosoundingusinganartificialneuralnetworkNi,Haiyan;Ren,Qunran;Wang,Wenbo;Lu,Licheng;Ma,Li................................................................................................21

ExploringtheclassificationofacoustictransientswithmachinelearningPadfield,Nick,........................................................................................................................................................................25

InvestigationofunderwaterhullradiationduetomachinenoisePan,Xia;Wilkes,Daniel;Forrest,James.................................................................................................................................30

ThesoundsofelectricferriesParsons,MilesJames;Parsons,SylviaKarin;Duncan,Alec(presenter);Erbe,Christine........................................................30

IcebergsandstormsintheSouthernOceanassourcesoflowfrequencynoisealongAustraliansoutherncoastsZhang,ZhiYong;Gavrilov,Alexander....................................................................................................................................27

InterchangeabilityoftwoexistingformulationsofsoundpropagationinisothermalsurfaceductsZinoviev,Alex.........................................................................................................................................................................22

WindturbineacousticsComparisonbetweenperceptualresponsestotrafficnoiseandwindfarmnoiseinanon-focusedlisteningtest

Hansen,Kristy;Nguyen,Phuc;Lechat,Bastien;Zajamsek,Branko;Alamir,Mahmoud;Micic,Gorica;Catcheside,Peter....34Windfarminfrasounddetectabilityanditseffectsontheperceptionofwindfarmnoiseamplitudemodulation






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AUTHORINDEX






AUTHORINDEX






Acousticvelocitysignaturesofairguns-preliminaryresultsKilleen,Damien;Duncan,Alec................................................................................................................................................24

Low-frequencyunderwateracousticssensitivitycalibrationinachamberLiPeng,;YinYilong,................................................................................................................................................................30

InvestigationoftemporalcoherenceandrelatedissuesduringtheLittoralContinuousActiveSonar2016trialLourey,Simon;Lau,James(presenter)...................................................................................................................................24

Apassiveacousticsurveyformarinemammalsconductedduringthe2019AntarcticvoyageonEuphausiidsandNutrientRecyclinginCetaceanHotspots(ENRICH)Miller,BrianS.;Calderan,Susannah;Miller,Elanor;Širović,Ana;Stafford,KathleenM;Bell,Elanor;Double,MichaelC....26

2Dtomographicimagingofactivesonarechoesusinganon-uniformFFTtechniqueNguyen,Binh;Tran,Hai-Tan;Wood,Shane...........................................................................................................................33

SedimentcharacterizationfromacousticechosoundingusinganartificialneuralnetworkNi,Haiyan;Ren,Qunran;Wang,Wenbo;Lu,Licheng;Ma,Li................................................................................................21

ExploringtheclassificationofacoustictransientswithmachinelearningPadfield,Nick,........................................................................................................................................................................25

InvestigationofunderwaterhullradiationduetomachinenoisePan,Xia;Wilkes,Daniel;Forrest,James.................................................................................................................................30

ThesoundsofelectricferriesParsons,MilesJames;Parsons,SylviaKarin;Duncan,Alec(presenter);Erbe,Christine........................................................30

IcebergsandstormsintheSouthernOceanassourcesoflowfrequencynoisealongAustraliansoutherncoastsZhang,ZhiYong;Gavrilov,Alexander....................................................................................................................................27

InterchangeabilityoftwoexistingformulationsofsoundpropagationinisothermalsurfaceductsZinoviev,Alex.........................................................................................................................................................................22

WindturbineacousticsComparisonbetweenperceptualresponsestotrafficnoiseandwindfarmnoiseinanon-focusedlisteningtest

Hansen,Kristy;Nguyen,Phuc;Lechat,Bastien;Zajamsek,Branko;Alamir,Mahmoud;Micic,Gorica;Catcheside,Peter....34Windfarminfrasounddetectabilityanditseffectsontheperceptionofwindfarmnoiseamplitudemodulation





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