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Program Report for the Preparation of Science Teachers National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) 2012 Standards - Option A NCATE approved the 2012 NSTA Standards in 2012. Beginning in Fall 2014, programs submitting reports must use the 2012 standards. COVER SHEET 1. Institution Name Clarion University 2. State Pennsylvania 3. Date submitted MM DD YYYY 03 / 15 / 2017 4. Report Preparer's Information: Name of Preparer: Bruce Smith Phone: Ext. ( ) - 814 393 2328 E-mail: [email protected] 5. CAEP Coordinator's Information: Name: Jesse Haight Phone: Ext. ( ) - 814 393 2385 E-mail: [email protected] 6. Name of institution's program Secondary Science 7. CAEP Category Science Education (multiple fields) 8. Grade levels (1) for which candidates are being prepared 7-12 Confidential
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  • Program Report for the Preparation of Science Teachers

    National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) 2012 Standards - Option A

    NCATE approved the 2012 NSTA Standards in 2012. Beginning in Fall 2014, programs submitting reports must use the 2012 standards.

    COVER SHEET

    1. Institution Name

    Clarion University 2. State

    Pennsylvania3. Date submitted

    MM DD YYYY

    03 / 15 / 20174. Report Preparer's Information:

    Name of Preparer:

    Bruce Smith

    Phone: Ext.

    ( ) -814 393 2328

    E-mail:

    [email protected]

    5. CAEP Coordinator's Information:

    Name:

    Jesse Haight

    Phone: Ext.

    ( ) -814 393 2385

    E-mail:

    [email protected]

    6. Name of institution's program

    Secondary Science7. CAEP Category

    Science Education (multiple fields)

    8. Grade levels(1) for which candidates are being prepared

    7-12

    Conf

    ident

    ial

    Section IV Evidence of Meeting Standards

    Clarion University Assessment #5 Assessment of Student Learning Portfolio

    1.

    a. Assessment Description Student Learning Portfolio

    This assessment is used at the completion of student teaching for teacher candidates in the Secondary Science Education programs at Clarion University. This assessment is used to determine if the teacher candidate can demonstrate, with student work data, positive effects on student learning and understanding. Results of this assessment are shared and discussed with the candidate. This assessment is evaluated at the completion of student teaching.

    Each year the science education committee meets with University supervisors who will be responsible for secondary science teacher candidates. This assignment is reviewed in detail and sample portfolios from previous years are available for review by the supervisors to enable them to aid the student teachers and support their efforts to include in their planning and instruction these specific types of lessons and assessments aligned with NSTA standards.

    b. Assessment Alignment with NSTA Standards

    This assessment addresses standards 1a-c and 5 a-c.

    c. Analysis of data findings

    A review of the data table (g.) below indicates that all candidates scored at least Target on the portfolio project with most candidates scoring Above Target across the three years of data.

    d. Interpretation of Data Providing Evidence of Meeting Standard

    These data indicate that 100% of candidates in the past three years have exhibited performances at or above target levels as described in the rubric below. These data provide evidence of candidates’ performances that meet the NSAT Standards 5a, 5b and 5c.

    e. Assessment Tool

    Clarion University

    Science Education - Effects on Student Learning Assessment

    Student Teaching Learning Assessment Portfolio

    This assessment is used at the completion of student teaching for teacher candidates in the Secondary Science Education programs at Clarion University. This assessment is used to determine if the teacher candidate can demonstrate, with student work data, positive effects on student learning and understanding. Results of this assessment are shared and discussed with the candidate. This assessment is evaluated at the completion of student teaching.

    Portfolio Description: The teacher candidate will construct a portfolio that contains evidence of effective teaching. This portfolio will be reviewed by the student teaching supervisor and assessed at the end of the student teaching semester. The portfolio must contain the following components for 4 different NSTA Standards content areas:

    A. At least one pre-assessment

    B. Lesson Plan and assessment

    C. Student assessment data – A data table showing assessment scores and mean score for at least one section. No names.

    D. Reflective analysis – how well did your students meet the objectives of the lesson? How do you know? How did the results of this assessment inform your subsequent planning? What remediation did you do? What will you do different next time you teach this concept?

    1. Science Content: Demonstrate implementation of various strategies to convey the major concepts, theories, and laws of science

    2. Nature of Science: Demonstrate implementation of various strategies to convey the Nature of Science and scientific processes.

    3. Scientific Inquiry: Demonstrate implementation of various strategies to teach conventions of scientific inquiry and investigations.

    4. STS and Human Endeavors: Demonstrate implementation of various strategies to teach science/technology/society aspects of science, and other human endeavors.

    You may use one lesson and assessment to meet more than one of the above standards, if applicable. Note that to score in the OUTSTANDING category, you must show your ability to use a variety of strategies. This might be done in one daily lesson, or more than one day. The portfolio must contain a Table of Contents that clearly indicates the alignment of the documents provided to the above standards. See the sample below.

    Student Teaching Learning Assessment Portfolio

    Sample Table of Contents

    Lesson

    Topic

    Instructional Strategy(ies)

    Content

    Nature of Science

    Scientific Inquiry

    STS

    1

    Diffusion

    Demonstration, modeling, student lab investigation

    x

    x

    x

    2, 3, 4

    pH

    Acid rain experiment, community survey, photo collection

    x

    x

    x

    x

    5, 6

    Carbon cycle

    Build compost pile, recycling survey

    x

    x

    x

    7, 8

    Carbon cycle, water cycle

    Land fill model, virtual field trip

    x

    x

    x

    Lesson 1TopicSection

    Lesson PlanI

    Lab Report Rubric

    Data Table

    Lesson critique

    Lesson 2II

    Lesson Plan

    Homework assignment

    Data Table

    Lesson Critique

    Lesson 3III

    Lesson Plan

    Project Rubric

    Data table

    Lesson Critique

    Lesson 4

    Lesson PlanIV

    Quiz questions

    Data Table

    Lesson Critique

    2. f. Scoring Guide

    Clarion University Science Education Effects on Student Learning Assessment Rubric

    Outstanding

    (Above Target)

    Competent

    (Target)

    Unsatisfactory

    (Below Target)

    1. The candidate conveys to students, using diverse and effective actions, strategies, and methodologies, the major concepts, theories, and laws of science.

    Provides Lesson plans, student data and analysis to demonstrate student success in several instances of using more than one type of activity or instructional strategy to develop single concepts.

    Provides lesson plans, data, and analysis to demonstrate student success as a result of using more than one type of activity or instructional strategy to develop a single given concept.

    Fails to demonstrate student success as a result of using more than one type of activity to develop a single given concept.

    2. The candidate engages students effectively in studies of the nature of science and conventions of scientific explanation.

    Provides data to demonstrate student success in multiple lessons that include “nature of science” questions/examples/activities. Lessons clearly indicate student learning in the areas such as multiple representations of scientific work, theory development, history of science, tentativeness of science.

    Provides data to demonstrate student success in at least one “nature of science” activity or other lesson that integrates tenets of the nature of science.

    Fails to demonstrate student success in at least one “nature of science” activity.

    3. The candidate engages students effectively in scientific inquiry and investigations.

    Provides data to demonstrate student success in multiple “scientific inquiry and investigation” lessons. Lesson plans clearly indicate alignment with “Essential Elements of Inquiry” and/or Elements of Experimental Design

    Provides data to demonstrate student success in at least one “scientific inquiry and investigation” lessons. Lesson plan clearly indicates alignment with “Essential Elements of Inquiry” and/or Elements of Experimental Design

    Fails to demonstrate student success in at least one “scientific inquiry and investigation” activity.

    4. The candidate engages students effectively in studies of the relationships of science to technology, society, and other human values and endeavors.

    Provides data to demonstrate student success in more than one STS-oriented lesson. Successfully integrates current issues into lessons that give relevance/context to the content taught. Evidence is provided that students are successfully engaged in decision-making lessons.

    Provides data to demonstrate student success in at least one STS-oriented lesson. Successfully integrates at least one issue into instruction.

    Fails to demonstrate student success in at least one STS activity.

    g. Data

    Summary of

    Secondary Science Student Teaching Learning Assessment Portfolio Results

    Item #1Percent of Candidates

    Year

    Candidates

    Above Target

    Target

    Below Target

    2013-2014

    7

    86

    14

    0

    2014-2015

    3

    66

    34

    0

    2015-2016

    4

    100

    0

    0

    Assessment #5 Student Learning Portfolio

  • Undergraduate Biology Education Checksheet

  • Undergraduate Chemistry Education Checksheet

  • Undergraduate Earth and Space Science Education Checksheet

  • Undergraduate General Science Education Checksheet

  • Undergraduate Physics Education Checksheet

    Section IV Evidence of Meeting Standards

    Assessment #1 – Content Knowledge

    1. Pennsylvania Licensure Tests – Praxis II

    Certification Area

    Test Name

    Test Code

    PA Qualifying Minimum Score

    Biology

    Biology: Content Knowledge

    5235

    147

    Chemistry

    Chemistry: Content Knowledge

    5245

    154

    Earth/Space Science

    Earth/Space: Content Knowledge

    5571

    157

    General Science

    General Science: Content Knowledge

    5435

    146

    Physics

    Physics: Content Knowledge

    5265

    140

    2. Assessment Alignment with NSTA Standards

    Passing the appropriate Praxis II exam is required for certification in Pennsylvania. According to NSTA guidelines, Praxis II content can be assumed to be aligned with NSTA Content Standards.

    3. Analysis of Data

    All teacher certification candidates enrolled in the undergraduate programs at Clarion University must take the required Praxis II exam before entering the student teaching semester. If the candidate does not pass the required exam, the candidate is not recommended for certification. The candidate can complete the BSED program without passing the Praxis II exam but will not be eligible for PDE state certification until the exam is passed. The PDE specifically requested that Clarion University remove the passing of the exam as a condition of degree completion during the review period and we have complied.

    4. Interpretation of Data Providing Evidence of Meeting Standard

    All Clarion University secondary science education program graduates must take the Praxis II exam in their program area during entering student teaching. Of the 14 program completers from 2013/14 through 2015/16, 13 passed the Praxis II exam in their program area while still enrolled at the University for passing rate of 92.8%.

    The Clarion University Office of Field Services obtains Praxis II scores from ETS, compiles the data by test, and shares the data with all the appropriate academic departments in the College of Arts, Education and Sciences.

    Members of the Education Department meet with faculty from the various science departments to review scores and explore the need for adaptations in relevant coursework.

    5. Assessment Tool and Description

    The table below outlines the number of program completers that passed the Praxis II exam in their certification area for the last three years. A candidate’s test date does not always coincide with their program completion year. They often take the exam before their senior year, upon the completion of their content coursework.

    Candidates can also take an exam for an area outside their Clarion University degree program in keeping with PDE requirements. Only results for each candidate’s program of study are reported below. (If a Secondary Biology program candidate takes the Chemistry exam his/her results are not reported here since he/she may not have completed the required Chemistry courses he/she would have to complete if he/she was a Chemistry program candidate.)

    Pass Exam

    Not Pass Exam

    2013-2014

    Biology

    3

    1

    Chemistry

    0

    0

    Earth and Space

    1

    0

    General Science

    0

    0

    Physics

    2

    0

    2014-2015

    Biology

    2

    0

    Chemistry

    0

    0

    Earth and Space

    1

    0

    General Science

    0

    0

    Physics

    0

    0

    2015-2016

    Biology

    3

    0

    Chemistry

    0

    0

    Earth and Space

    0

    0

    General Science

    0

    0

    Physics

    1

    0

    Aggregated Praxis II scores by content area for all candidates during the past academic year.

    Praxis #5235 Biology Sub Test Analysis for 2015-2016 Test Takers N=6

    Total Score

    Nature of Science

    Molec & Cellular

    Genetics

    Evolution

    Diversity

    Life

    Organisms

    Environ

    Sci, Tech

    & Society

    Mean

    169.5

    12.3

    16.3

    15.5

    14.2

    13.7

    9.5

    Range

    158 – 184

    8 – 15

    10 - 22

    14 - 17

    11 - 19

    13 - 16

    8 - 10

    Praxis #5435 General Science Sub Test Analysis for 2015-2016 Test Takers N=2

    Total Score

    Scientific Method &

    History of Science

    Physical

    Science

    Life Science

    Earth & Space Sci

    Sci, Tech

    & Society

    Mean

    151.5

    6.5

    25.5

    12.0

    10.5

    7.0

    Range

    146 - 157

    5 - 8

    23 - 28

    10 - 14

    8 - 13

    6 -8

    Praxis # 5245 Chemistry No Test Takers in 2015-2016

    Praxis # 5571 Earth/Space ScienceNo Test Takers in 2015-2016

    Praxis # 5265 PhysicsNo Test Takers in 2015-2016

    Assessment #1 Praxis II

    Section IV Evidence of Meeting Standards

    Clarion University Assessment #3

    1.

    a. Assessment Description

    This assessment is comprised of a Unit Plan constructed in ED 332: Methods of Teaching Secondary Science, a course taken by all secondary science education majors. A complete description of the assignment is included below as directions to students.

    b. Assessment Alignment with NSTA Standards

    This assessment is designed to meet NSTA Standards 1c, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b. 4c, and 6a. The scoring rubric below (f.) illustrates the alignment with NSTA Standards.

    c. Analysis of data findings

    Inspection of the data for the past three years (g.) indicates that all candidates scored at least Target for this assessment, with the vast majority of candidates scoring Above Target with application of the standards-aligned rubric. No candidates scored below target.

    d. Interpretation of Data Providing Evidence of Meeting Standard

    All 20 candidates in the last 3 years enrolled in ED 332 completed the Unit Plan assignment with scores corresponding to at least the Target descriptors in the rubric. 90% of all candidates submitted unit plans that scored Above Target, indicating that they demonstrated higher than Target performances in relation to essential knowledge, skills or dispositions required by NSTA Standards 1c, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4a, 4b. 4c, and 6a.

    e. Assessment Tool

    ED 332 Secondary Science MethodsUnit Plan Requirements

    You will construct a plan (series of lesson plans) for a science concept in your discipline common to 7 - 12 grade level, for the average, general, non-academic student. Concepts must be drawn from the PA Academic Standards, and the Next Generation National Science Education Standards. The unit must be at least 7 lessons and an assessment plan – the total number should be determined by the concept selected and inherent content. Your concept must be pre-approved by your course instructor. All of the following components will be discussed with examples in class, and reflect the assigned readings.

    Your Unit Plan must

    - use Understanding by Design components

    - follow the 5E learning cycle sequencing strategy.

    - utilize your misconceptions research.

    - contain more than one lesson that includes Essential Elements of Inquiry

    - include at least one lesson that utilizes technology to support student learning.

    - include one lesson that integrates a content reading strategy

    - Include lab safety instructions and directions to students.

    More specifically, The Unit Plan for ED 332 should include the following:

    - Title with Table of Contents

    - Next Generation National Science Education Standards, National Science Education Standards, and Pennsylvania Academic Standards met: Content area (B), Inquiry, History and Nature of Science (A), Reading, Math, and if applies: Tech and Engineering

    - General rationale for your unit. Why are you teaching this topic/concept in this way? How will you make the topic relevant to students, and how do you foresee student interest? What are current issues that may be used to provide applications and extend the concept?

    - Content overview. Include a list of Enduring Understandings and Essential Questions. This may be an outline or a concept map.

    - Justification of the sequence of the lessons. What reasons do you have for putting the lessons in this order? Reflect and explain how this sequence will aid students in constructing the knowledge, skills, and abilities you intend for them to learn.

    - Assessment plan - How will you evaluate the unit? This might be review questions, sample exam questions of various types, and a lab report format and rubric. Your assessments should align with your lesson objectives.

    - For each daily lesson: (minimum of 7)

    a. Overview: Essential question, lesson strategy, 5E phase, essential elements of inquiry addressed, time needed estimated in 45 minute class periods.

    b. behavioral objectives (refer to tables in your handout)

    cognitive, at least 3

    affective, at least 1

    psychomotor if applicable

    c. materials list

    d. suppliers (where would you get or buy the materials?)

    e. new vocabulary

    f. procedures, i.e.: (as a list, please)

    Lesson Introduction

    What will you do first? second? Review the previous lesson?

    What specific questions will you ask?

    What will the students do?

    How will you transition to the next part?

    Concept Development

    e.g. Describe how you will give directions for the activity

    What will you do first? second?

    What specific questions will you ask?

    What will the students do?

    Lesson Closure

    How will you end the lesson?

    e.g. review and closure; check for understanding activity

    Reminders of homework, assignments

    i laboratory safety issues and instructions.

    j. adaptations for special needs students. How might you accommodate students

    with physical or learning disabilities?

    include any worksheets, instructions, student diagrams, PowerPoints, SmartNotebook files, foldables or other reading comprehension tools, etc. you would need to actually teach the lesson.

    l. references

    2.

    f. Scoring Guide

    Unit Plan Scoring Rubric

    Required Component

    Outstanding – Above Target 5 points

    Competent – Target

    3 points

    Unsatisfactory – Below Target 1 point

    NSES, NGSS and PA Academic Standards

    NSTA 1c

    ED 332 Unit Plan identifies and lesson plans implement strategies that are closely aligned with national and state academic standards for the content area concept chosen including Unifying Themes.

    ED 332 Unit Plan identifies and lesson plans implement strategies that are aligned with national and state academic standards for the content area concept chosen.

    ED 332 Unit Plan fails to identify and/or implement national and state academic standards for the content area concept chosen.

    Variety and Creativity

    NSTA 2c

    Unit plan includes lessons that utilize a wide variety of instructional strategies and creatively implement the 5E-type planning strategy.

    Unit plan includes lessons that utilize a variety of instructional strategies and creatively implement the 5E-type planning strategy.

    Unit plan lessons show a limited variety of instructional strategies and/or fail to implement the 5E-type planning strategy.

    Nature of Science

    NSTA 1c

    Unit Plan includes more than one lesson that engages students in activities that explicitly address Nature of Science learning objectives.

    Unit Plan includes at least one lesson that engages students in activities that explicitly address Nature of Science learning objectives.

    Unit Plan fails to include lessons that engage students in activities that explicitly address Nature of Science learning objectives.

    Scientific Inquiry

    NSTA 2a, 2b

    Unit Plan includes more than one lesson that engage students in activities aligned with NSES definition of Essential Features of Inquiry.

    Unit Plan includes at least one lesson that engages students in activities aligned with NSES definition of Essential Features of Inquiry.

    Unit Plan fails to include at least one lesson that engage students in activities aligned with NSES definition of Essential Features of Inquiry.

    Integration of Technology

    NSTA 3a, 3b

    Unit Plan includes more than one lesson that engages students in the creative use of technology to learn science concepts, and integrate technological applications of science.

    Unit Plan includes at least one lesson that engages students in the creative use of technology to learn science concepts, and integrate technological applications of science.

    Unit Plan fails to include at least one lesson that engages students in the creative use of technology to learn science concepts, and integrate technological applications of science.

    Current Issues and Community Resources

    NSTA 6a

    Unit Plan includes multiple lessons that integrate relevant contemporary issues and utilize community resources.

    Unit Plan includes at least one lesson that integrates relevant contemporary issues and utilize community resources.

    Unit Plan fails to include lessons that integrate relevant contemporary issues and utilize community resources.

    Laboratory Safety

    NSTA 3b, 4a, 4b, 4c

    Unit Plan provides clear and multiple forms of evidence that the teacher candidate plans safety and ethical instruction.

    Unit Plan includes evidence that the teacher candidate plans safety and ethical instruction.

    Unit Plan provides little evidence that the teacher candidate plans safety and ethical instruction.

    Assessment

    NSTA 3c

    Unit assessment plan includes both formative and summative assessments that have content validity, are closely aligned with lesson objectives, and varied in type.

    Unit assessment plan includes both formative and summative assessments that are valid, aligned with lesson objectives, and varied in type.

    Unit assessment plan includes assessments that could be more closely aligned with lesson objectives, and varied in type.

    Adaptations

    NSTA 2a, 2c

    Unit Plan lessons address various adaptations for several examples of students with special needs.

    Unit Plan lessons address various adaptations for students with special needs.

    Unit Plan lessons fail to address various adaptations for students with special needs.

    39 – 45 total points = Outstanding, Above Target

    27 – 38 total points = Competent, Target

    0 – 26 total points = Unsatisfactory, Below Target

    g. Data

    Table 1ED 332 Unit Plan

    Year

    # Candidates

    Outstanding – Above Target

    Competent – Target

    Below Target

    2014 – 2014

    10

    9

    1

    0

    2014 – 2015

    5

    5

    0

    0

    2016 – 2016

    5

    4

    1

    0

    Assessment #3 Unit Plan

    Section IV Evidence of Meeting Standards

    Assessment #2 – Content Knowledge

    1.a. Assessment description – Grade Point Average and Content Analysis

    A Clarion University Science Education candidate must complete required coursework and maintain an acceptable Grade Point Average (GPA) in the major area of certification as well as overall GPA. A target GPA of 2.75 has been set for major courses in each certification area, with an overall minimum 3.0 GPA required for graduation and certification.

    In the secondary science program, grades are monitored at the point of entry into the program (entering upper level professional coursework), entering the Student Teaching semester, and at graduation. A grade of “C” or better is required in all major coursework (education courses). A minimum 2.8 GPA is required for admission to certification at the conclusion of the sophomore year or equivalent, and a 3.0 overall GPA is required by the Commonwealth of PA for certification and graduation. Secondary science education candidates are expected to follow the appropriate advising sheets and take the required courses. Substitutions are made only in extreme circumstances, and these must be made in consultation with the academic department and/or faculty advisor. Transfer credit is granted for equivalent science courses taken at another accredited institution. Post-baccalaureate students entering undergraduate certification programs meet with an academic advisor for transcript evaluation. The content courses from their undergraduate program are evaluated using the NSTA Content Analysis Tables as well as required courses at Clarion University. If an area of weakness is identified, the advisor and candidate determine the appropriate remedial coursework.

    b. Assessment Alignment with NSTA Standards

    The alignment of Clarion’s program requirements with NSTA’s content standards for teacher preparation is given in the required Content Analysis Tables (Appendix A, below). Course descriptions from our current University Catalog can be found in Appendix B below.

    c. Analysis of Data Findings

    By mandate in 2004, all PA State System of Higher Education institution undergraduate programs were required to adhere to a 120 total credit limit. All programs are required by PA Department of Education Guidelines to contain the same major course of study as a Bachelor’s degree in the discipline. Since this major review over ten years ago, several of the secondary science programs at Clarion University have been permitted to grow above the 120 credit limit to meet new curricular needs. Therefore, the total credits within the Secondary Science programs range from 120 – 123 credits total.

    d. Interpretation of Data Providing Evidence of Meeting Standard

    An analysis of the Core, Advanced and Supporting competencies below shows that all of the five certification programs offered at Clarion University meet the requirements laid out by NSTA. It is assumed that a grade of “C” or better in a course indicates satisfactory mastery of course content. Secondary science education candidates are required to earn a grade of “C” or better in each of their major courses (science, mathematics, & education courses) as well as maintain a 3.0 or higher overall GPA for certification.

    Table 1 below summarizes the current status of Secondary Science programs at Clarion:

    Table 1: Clarion Secondary Science Program Alignment by Certification Area

    Certification Area

    NSTA Competencies Required

    Competencies Missing

    Alignment

    Biology

    Biology Core, Biology Advanced competencies, Support competencies in Chemistry, Earth/Space, Physics

    None

    100% Alignment

    Chemistry

    Chemistry Core, Chemistry Advanced competencies, Support competencies in Biology, Earth/Space, Physics

    None

    100% Alignment

    Earth/Space Science

    Earth/Space Core, Earth/Space Advanced competencies, Support competencies in Biology, Chemistry, , Physics

    None

    100% Alignment

    Physics

    Physics Core, Physics Advanced competencies, Support competencies in Biology, Chemistry, Earth/Space

    None

    100% Alignment

    g. Data

    Table 2 below lists the Content GPA for each Secondary Science education program completer for the past 3 academic years. Of the 14 program completers, all 14 (100%) exceeded the Target Content GPA of 2.75. 100% of our candidates met or exceeded the required Overall 3.0 GPA requirement for graduation/certification.

    Table 2: Candidate Content GPA

    Year

    Candidate

    Major Discipline

    Content GPA

    2013-14

    1

    Physics

    3.36

    2

    Biology

    3.07

    3

    Biology

    3.22

    4

    Biology

    4.00

    5

    Earth/Space

    3.74

    6

    Physics

    3.38

    7

    Biology

    3.38

    2014-15

    1

    Biology

    4.00

    2

    Earth/Space

    2.76

    3

    Biology

    3.29

    2015-16

    1

    Biology

    2.93

    2

    Physics

    2.87

    3

    Biology

    3.75

    4

    Biology

    4.00

    Appendix A NSTA Content Analysis for Secondary Science

    Content Analysis for Secondary Science

    Science Content Requirement Analysis Tables A, B, and C for Biology

    Table A: Biology

    A. Core Competencies (numbers 1-12)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    Life processes in living systems including organization of matter and energy.

    BIOL 155/156 Principles of Biology I and II

    Similarities and differences among animals, plants, fungi, microorganisms, and viruses

    BIOL 155 Principles of Biology I

    Ecological systems including the interrelationships and dependencies of organisms with each other and their environments.

    BIOL 202 Principles of Ecology

    Population dynamics and the impact of population on its environment.

    BIOL 202 Principles of Ecology

    General concepts of genetics and heredity

    BIOL 201 Genetics

    Organizations and functions of cells and multi-cellular systems.

    BIOL 156 Principles of Biology II

    BIOL 203 Cell Biology

    Behavior of organisms and their relationships to social systems.

    BIOL 156 Principles of Biology II

    Regulation of biological systems including homeostatic mechanisms

    BIOL 155/156 Principles of Biology I and II

    Fundamental processes of modeling and investigating in the biological sciences

    BIOL 165 Biology Principles Lab I

    BIOL 166 Biology Principles Lab II

    BIOL 202 Principles of Ecology

    BIOL 201 Genetics

    BIOL 382 Evolution

    Applications of biology in environmental quality and in personal and community health

    BIOL 155/156 Principles of Biology I and II

    BIOL 202 Principles of Ecology

    BIOL 203 Cell Biology

    SCED 476 Science, Technology Society

    Bioenergetics including major biochemical pathways

    BIOL 203 Cell Biology

    Molecular genetics and heredity and mechanisms of genetic modification

    BIOL 201 Genetics

    Molecular basis for evolutionary theory and classification

    BIOL 382 Evolution

    BIOL 201 Genetics

    Table B: Biology

    B. Advanced Competencies (numbers 13-21)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    Biochemical interactions of organisms and their environments

    BIOL 203 Cell Biology

    Causes, characteristics, and avoidance of viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases

    BIOL 156 Principles of Biology II

    Molecular genetics

    BIOL 201 Genetics

    Issues related to living systems such as genetic modification, uses of biotechnology, cloning, and pollution from farming.

    BIOL 156 Principles of Biology II

    Historical development and perspectives in biology including contributions of significant figures and underrepresented groups, and the evolution of theories in biology

    BIOL 155/156 Principles of Biology I and II

    BIOL 202 Principles of Ecology

    BIOL 201 Genetics

    BIOL 203 Cell Biology

    SCED 476 Science, Technology< Society

    How to design, conduct, and report research in biology

    BIOL 165 Principles Biology Lab I

    BIOL 166 Principles Biology Lab II

    BIOL 202 Principles of Ecology

    BIOL 203 Cell Biology

    ED 332 Methods of Teaching Secondary Science

    Table C: Biology

    C. Supporting Competencies (numbers 22-42)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    General chemistry.

    CHEM 153/163 General Chemistry I and Lab

    CHEM 154/164 General Chemistry II and Lab

    Biochemistry

    BIOL 203 Cell Biology

    Basic chemistry laboratory techniques

    CHEM 163 General Chemistry I Lab

    CHEM 164 General Chemistry II Lab

    Physics

    Light

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Sound

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Optics

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Electricity

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Energy and order

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Magnetism

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Earth and space sciences

    Energy and geochemical cycles

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Climate

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Oceans

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Weather

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Natural resources

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Changes in the Earth

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Mathematics

    Probability

    MATH 221 Elementary Applied Statistics

    BIOL 201 Genetics

    Statistics

    MATH 221 Elementary Applied Statistics

    BIOL 201 Genetics

    BIOL 202 Principles of Ecology

    Science Content Requirement Analysis Tables A, B, and C for Chemistry

    Table A: Chemistry

    A. Core Competencies (numbers 1-13)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    Fundamental structures of atoms and molecules

    CHEM 151 Chemistry Principles I

    Basic principles of ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding

    CHEM 151 Chemistry Principles I

    Periodicity of physical and chemical properties of elements

    CHEM 151 Chemistry Principles I

    Laws of conservation of matter and energy

    CHEM 151 Chemistry Principles I

    Fundamental of chemical kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics

    CHEM 152 Chemistry Principles II

    Kinetic molecular theory and gas laws

    CHEM 152 Chemistry Principles II

    Mole concept, stoichiometry, and laws of composition

    CHEM 151 Chemistry Principles I

    Solutions, colloids, and colligative properties

    CHEM 152 Chemistry Principles II

    Acids/base chemistry

    CHEM 152 Chemistry Principles II

    Fundamental oxidation-reduction chemistry

    CHEM 151 Chemistry Principles I

    Fundamental organic chemistry and biochemistry

    CHEM 251 Organic Chemistry I

    CHEM 261 Organic Chemistry I Lab

    Nature of science: Fundamental processes in chemistry

    SCED 476 Science Technology Society

    Applications of chemistry in personal and community health and environmental quality

    SCED 476 Science Technology Society

    Fundamentals of nuclear chemistry

    CHEM 262 Organic Chemistry Lab II

    Historical development and perspectives in chemistry

    CHEM 151 Chemistry Principles I

    CHEM 152 Chemistry Principles II

    SCED 476 Science Technology Society

    Table B: Chemistry

    B. Advanced Competencies (numbers 14-27)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    Principles of electrochemistry

    CHEM 151 Chemistry Principles I

    Transition elements and coordination compounds

    CHEM 151 Chemistry Principles I

    Molecular orbital theory, aromaticity, metallic and ionic structures, and correlation to properties of matter

    CHEM 354 Physical Chemistry

    Advanced concepts in chemical kinetics, equilibrium, gas laws, and thermodynamics

    CHEM 354 Physical Chemistry

    Lewis structures and molecular geometry

    CHEM 152 Chemistry Principles II

    Advanced concepts in acid/base chemistry, including buffers

    CHEM 251 Organic Chemistry I

    CHEM 252 Organic Chemistry II

    Major biological compounds and reactions

    CHEM 251 Organic Chemistry I

    CHEM 252 Organic Chemistry II

    Solvent system concepts

    CEHM 353 Analytical Chemistry

    Chemical reactivity and molecular structure including electronic and steric effects

    CHEM 152 Chemistry Principles II

    Organic chemistry including syntheses, reactions, mechanisms, and aromaticity

    CHEM 251 Organic Chemistry I

    CHEM 261 Organic Chemistry I Lab

    CHEM 252 Organic Chemistry II

    CHEM 262 Organic Chemistry II Lab

    Green chemistry and sustainability

    SCED 476 Science Technology Society

    How to design, conduct, and report research in chemistry

    CHEM 270 Chemistry Information

    CHEM 470 Chemistry Seminar

    ED 332 Methods of Teaching Secondary Science

    Table C: Chemistry

    C. Supporting Competencies (numbers 28-47)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    Biology

    Molecular biology

    BIOL 111 Basic Biology or Higher

    Ecology

    BIOL 111 Basic Biology or Higher

    Earth science

    Geochemistry

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Cycles of matter

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Energetics of Earth systems

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Physics

    Energy

    PH 251 General Physics I

    Properties and function of waves

    PH 251 General Physics I

    Properties and function of motions

    PH 251 General Physics I

    Properties and function of forces

    PH 251 General Physics I

    Electricity

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Magnetism

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Mathematical and statistical concepts

    Statistics

    MATH 221 Elementary Applied Statistics

    Use of differential equations

    MATH 270 Calculus I

    Calculus

    MATH 270 Calculus I

    MATH 271 Calculus II

    Science Content Requirement Analysis Tables A, B, and C for the Earth/Space Sciences

    Table A: Earth/Space science

    A. Core Competencies (numbers 1-12)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    Characteristics of land, atmosphere, and ocean systems on Earth

    ES 150 Physical Geology & Lab

    ES 270 Oceanography

    ES 280 Meteorology

    Properties, measurement, and classification of Earth materials

    ES 150 Physical Geology & Lab

    Changes in the Earth including land formation and erosion

    ES 150 Physical Geology & Lab

    ES 255 Landforms & Lab

    Geochemical cycles including biotic and abiotic systems

    ES 150 Physical Geology & Lab

    ES 255 Landforms & Lab

    Energy flow and transformation in Earth systems

    ES 150 Physical Geology & Lab

    ES 255 Landforms & Lab

    ES 260 Environmental Geology

    Hydrological features of the Earth

    ES 150 Physical Geology & Lab

    ES 255 Landforms & Lab

    ES 280 Meteorology

    Patterns and changes in the atmosphere, weather, and climate

    ES 280 Meteorology

    Origin, evolution, and planetary behaviors of Earth

    ES 200 Solar Astronomy

    ES 250 Historical Geology

    ES 355 Paleontology

    Origin, evolution, and properties of the universe

    ES 201 Stellar Astronomy

    Fundamental processes of investigating in the Earth and space sciences

    ES 150 Physical Geology & Lab

    ES 280 Meteorology

    ES 200 Solar Astronomy

    ES 201 Stellar Astronomy

    ES 250 Historical Geology

    Sources and limits of natural resources

    ES 255 Landforms & Lab

    ES 270 Oceanography

    ES 360 Minerology

    ES 370 Petrology

    Applications of Earth and space sciences to environmental quality and to personal and community health and welfare.

    ES 255 Landforms & Lab

    ES 270 Oceanography

    ES 360 Minerology

    ES 370 Petrology

    Table B: Earth/Space Science

    B. Advanced Competencies (numbers 13-22)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    Gradual and catastrophic changes in the Earth

    ES 250 Historical Geology

    ES 255 Landforms & Lab

    Oceans and their relationship to changes in atmosphere and climate.

    ES 270 Oceanography

    Hydrological cycles and problems of distribution and use of water

    ES 270 Oceanography

    ES 280 Meteorology

    Dating of the Earth and other objects in the universe

    ES 200 Solar Astronomy

    ES 250 Historical Geology

    ES 355 Paleontology

    Structures and interactions of energy and matter in the universe.

    ES 200 Solar Astronomy

    ES 201 Stellar Astronomy

    Impact of changes in the Earth on the evolution and distribution of living things.

    ES 250 Historical Geology

    Issues related to changes in Earth Systems such as global climate change, mine subsidence, and channeling of waterways.

    ES 255 Landforms & Lab

    Historical development and perspectives, including contributions of significant figures and underrepresented groups, and the evolution of theories in the Earth and space sciences.

    ES 250 Historical Geology

    ES 255 Landforms & Lab

    SCED 476 Science Technology Society

    How to design, conduct, and report research in the Earth and space sciences

    ES 255 Landforms & Lab

    ES 250 Historical Geology

    ES 200 Solar Astronomy

    ES 201 Stellar Astronomy

    ED 332 Methods of Teaching Secondary Science

    Table C: Earth/Space Science

    C. Supporting Competencies (numbers 23-47)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    Biology

    Evolution

    BIOL 155/165 Principles of Biology I and Lab

    Ecology

    BIOL 155/165 Principles of Biology I and Lab

    Population dynamics

    BIOL 155/165 Principles of Biology I and Lab

    Flow of energy

    BIOL 155/165 Principles of Biology I and Lab

    Flow materials through Earth systems

    BIOL 155/165 Principles of Biology I and Lab

    Chemistry

    Broad concepts of inorganic chemistry

    CHEM 153 Chemistry Principles I

    Basic laboratory techniques of inorganic chemistry

    CHEM 163 Chemistry Principles I Lab

    Broad concepts of organic chemistry

    CHEM 153 Chemistry Principles I

    Basic laboratory techniques of organic chemistry

    CHEM 163 Chemistry Principles I Lab

    Physics including

    Electricity

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Forces and motion

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Energy

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Magnetism

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Thermodynamics

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Optics

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Sound

    PH 252 General Physics II

    Mathematics

    Statistics

    Math 221 Elementary Applied Statistics

    Probability

    Math 221 Elementary Applied Statistics

    Science Content Requirement Analysis Tables A, B, and C for Physics

    Table A: Physics

    A. Core Competencies (numbers 1-11)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    Energy, work, and power

    PH 258 Introductory Physics I

    Motion, major forces, and momentum

    PH 258 Introductory Physics I

    Newtonian physics w/engineering applications

    PH 258 Introductory Physics I

    Conservation mass, momentum, energy, and charge

    PH 258 Introductory Physics I

    Physical properties of matter: solids, liquids, and gases

    PH 258 Introductory Physics I

    Kinetic-molecular motion and atomic models

    PH 258 Introductory Physics I

    Radioactivity, nuclear reactors, fission, and fusion

    PH 259 Introductory Physics II

    Wave theory, sound, light, the electromagnetic spectrum and optics

    PH 259 Introductory Physics II

    Electricity and magnetism

    PH 259 Introductory Physics II

    Fundamental processes of investigating in physics

    PH 268 Introductory Physics I Lab

    PH 269 Introductory Physics II Lab

    Applications of physics in environmental quality and to personal and community health

    PH 258 Introductory Physics I

    PH 259 Introductory Physics II

    Table B: Physics

    B. Advanced Competencies (numbers 12-22)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    Thermodynamics and energy-matter relationships

    PH 356 Thermodynamics

    Nuclear physics including matter-energy duality and reactivity

    PH 355 Modern Physics II

    Angular rotation and momentum, centripetal forces, and vector analysis

    PH 351 Mechanics

    Quantum mechanics, space-time relationships, and special relativity

    PH 353 Modern Physics I

    Models of nuclear and subatomic structures and behavior

    PH 353 Modern Physics I

    Light behavior, including wave-particle duality and models

    PH 353 Modern Physics I

    PH 354 Optics

    Electrical phenomena including electric fields, vector analysis, energy, potential, capacitance, and inductance

    PH 352 Electricity and Magnetism

    Issues related to physics such as disposal of nuclear waste, light pollution, shielding communication systems and weapons development

    PH 355 Modern Physics II

    Historical development and cosmological perspectives in physics including contributions of significant figures and underrepresented groups, and evolution of theories in physics

    PH 258 Introductory Physics I

    PH 259 Introductory Physics II

    PH 353 Modern Physics I

    PH 354 Optics

    PH 355 Modern Physics II

    How to design, conduct, and report research in physics

    PH 371 Experimental Physics I

    PH 372 Experimental Physics II

    Applications of physics and engineering in society, business, industry, and health fields.

    PH 351 Mechanics

    PH 352 Electricity and Magnetism

    PH 353 Modern Physics I

    PH 355 Modern Physics II

    Table C: Physics

    C. Supporting Competencies (numbers 23-40)

    B: Required course number & name or advising requirements

    Biology

    Organization of life

    BIOL 111 Basic Biology or Higher

    Bioenergetics

    BIOL 111 Basic Biology or Higher

    Biomechanics

    BIOL 111 Basic Biology or Higher

    Cycles of matter

    BIOL 111 Basic Biology or Higher

    Chemistry

    Organization of matter and energy

    CHEM 153 General Chemistry I

    Electrochemistry

    CHEM 153 General Chemistry I

    Thermodynamics

    CHEM 153 General Chemistry I

    Bonding

    CHEM 153 General Chemistry I

    Earth sciences and/or astronomy

    Structure of the universe

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Energy

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Interactions of matter

    ES 111 Basic Earth Science or Higher

    Mathematical and statistical concepts and skills

    Statistics

    MATH 221 Elementary Applied Statistics

    Use of differential equations

    MATH 270 Calculus I

    Calculus

    MATH 270 Calculus I

    Course descriptions – for courses listed above that are unique or the content is not easily understood by any science education professor. For example, Introductory Biology I and II are similar across institutions in the US. But, Integrated Science is not.

         

    Appendix B. Course Descriptions from current course catalog

    BIOLOGY COURSES

    BIOL 111: Basic Biology 3.00

    Deals with the principles of biology. Includes cellular structure and physiology, growth and repair, reproduction and development, control, sources of food energy, inheritance, and people’s interrelationship with their biological environment. Briefly reviews the classification of plants and animals. Credit not to be applied toward biology major. Each semester.

    BIOL 155: Principles of Biology I 3.00

    Introduces fundamental concepts of biology focusing on the characteristics of living things, cell function, biological information, storage and retrieval, and organismal structure and function. Presents concepts in the context of current evolutionary theory. Three hours lecture weekly. For biology majors. All science and science education majors and biology minors must concurrently register for BIOL 165.

    BIOL 156: Principles of Biology II 3.00

    Introduces fundamental concepts of biology focusing on organismal structure and function, adaptation, behavior, and ecology in the context of current evolutionary theory. Three hours lecture weekly. For biology majors. All science and science education majors and biology minors must concurrently register for BIOL 166. Spring, annually.

    BIOL 165: Principles of Biology I Lab 1.00

    Laboratory exercises augment and integrate course material emphasized in BIOL 155. Three hours laboratory weekly. For biology majors. Must be taken concurrently with BIOL 155 unless it is being repeated. Fall, annually.

    BIOL 166: Principles of Biology II Lab 1.00

    Laboratory exercises augment and integrate course material emphasized in BIOL 156. Three hours laboratory weekly. For biology majors. Must be taken concurrently with BIOL 156 unless it is being repeated. Spring, annually.

    BIOL 201: Genetics 3.00

    A study of the principles of inheritance in plants and animals, including humans. Topics include Mendelian genetics, linkage recombination, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. Three lecture hours and one recitation hour weekly. Prerequisites: Completion of BIOL 155, 156, 165, and 166, with a grade of a C or better and one semester of organic chemistry or permission of instructor. Fall and Spring, annually.

    BIOL 202: Principles of Ecology 3.00

    Examines the interaction of organisms and their biotic and abiotic environment, population dynamics and interactions, community structure and function, and ecosystem energetics and biogeochemistry. Two lecture and three laboratory hours weekly. Prerequisites: Completion of BIOL 155, 156, 165 and 166 with a grade of C or better, or permission of instructor. Fall and Spring, annually.

    BIOL 203: Cell Biology 3.00

    Examines structure, biochemistry, and function of plant and animal cells. Three lecture and two laboratory hours

    weekly. Prerequisites: BIOL 155, 156, 165, 166, CHEM 151 or 153, 161 or 163, 152 or 154, 162 or 164, all with a C or better. Each semester.

    BIOL 211: Environmental Science and Sustainability 3.00

    Humans are changing the global environment in profound ways but the consequences are not widely understood. This course will examine current environmental issues from a scientific perspective and explore how science can be best used to shape sound environmental law and regulation, public lands, types and sources of air and water pollution, and other environmental issues of current interest. Environmental issues of local and regional importance will be emphasized. Three lecture hours weekly. Credit not to be applied toward a biology major.

    BIOL 341: General Microbiology 4.00

    A study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi. Extensive laboratory work includes isolation, staining, culturing, and identification of microorganisms. Examine prokaryotic cell architecture, microbial physiology, methods or controlling the growth of microbes, microbial genetics, medical microbiology, and applied and environmental microbiology. Two lecture periods and two laboratory periods weekly. Prerequisites: BIOL 155, 156, 164, 166 and BIOL 201 or 202, CHEM 151 or 153, 161 or 163, 152 or 154, 162 or 164, all with a C or better. Or Permission of Instructor. Each semester.

    BIOL 382: Evolution 3.00

    Analyzes evolution and its links with other areas of biology. Includes the history of evolutionary thought, species concepts and speciation processes, phylogenetic patterns and their reconstruction, diversity of life, and the mechanisms of evolution. Satisfies the second value flags of the university general education requirements. Three lecture hours weekly. Prerequisites: Completion of two semesters of introductory biology and one semester of genetics (BIOL 201 at Clarion) or permission of instructor.

    BIOL 402: Biometry 3.00

    Intro to the collection, analysis, and presentation of biological data. Fundamental aspects of designing and executing descriptive and experimental studies emphasizing biological research. Stresses applications to undergraduate and graduate research in progress in the Department of Biology. Three lecture hours per week. Spring, alternate years.

    BIOL 405: Ecological Applications 3.00

    Case history approach to the analysis and possible resolution of both terrestrial and aquatic environmental problems. Students analyze problems from a number of perspectives, including the biological, in an assessment of the problem. Incorporates sample design, cost considerations, data collection, and analysis into the assessment. Overall assessment of problems and possible resolutions will be conveyed both orally and in a written format. Intended as a capstone for students in the Applied Ecology Program, but appropriate for other students who meet prerequisites. Satisfies the writing intensive and second values flags of the university general education requirements. Prerequisites: BIOL 202 or permission of the instructor, BIOL 493 and 494 are recommended. Spring, alternate years.

    BIOL 410: Field Methods in Environmental Biology 3.00

    A field-based course designed to give students hands-on experience in the various methods needed in environmental studies. The course will focus on the environmental assessment of terrestrial and aquatic habitats and the impacts of perturbations on flora, fauna, and natural landscapes. Summer, on demand.

    BIOL 411: Wildlife Ecology & Mgmt 3.00

    An in-depth approach to the ecology and management of wildlife species - birds, mammals, amphibians and reptiles - at scales ranging from populations to landscapes. Lecture and discussion will focus on current topics in wildlife ecology and management such as the dynamics of exploited populations, non-game wildlife, population regulation by predators, parasites, and diseases, habitat evaluation and management, and restoration of wildlife populations. Laboratory will emphasize descriptive and investigative studies of wildlife in local ecosystems. Two lecture and three laboratory hours weekly. Prerequisite: BIOL 202 or equivalent. BIOL 305 desirable.

    BIOL 425: Fisheries Biology 3.00

    Examines ecology of fish populations, including taxonomy identification, age and growth, population estimation and analysis, food habits, management, and environmental requirements. Emphasizes data analysis and application of microcomputers in fisheries work. Two lecture and three hours of laboratory or field work weekly. Prerequisites: Completion of a course in ecology or permission of instructor and PA fishing license required. Alternate years.

    BIOL 430: Biology of Cancer 3.00

    This course presents an in depth overview of both the scientific and clinical aspects of cancer with an emphasis on the cellular, molecular, and genetic models of cancer development in humans. Topics include: cancer epidemiology, biochemical processes of malignant process, TNM classification, modern advances in tumor biology and molecular biology including the effects of a variety of agents (chemical, radiation, viruses, and oncogenes) that cause human

    cancer. Furthermore, the course examines the major types of cancer as well as present methods of cancer prevention and treatment. Three lecture hours weekly. Prerequisite: BIOL 201 and BIOL 203. Fall, alternate

    years.

    BIOL 443: Virology 3.00

    Study of plant, animal, and bacterial viruses, emphasizing biochemistry, structure, life cycles, and disease-causing mechanisms. Three lecture hours weekly. Prerequisites: BIOL 201, 203, 341: CHEM 251, 261, 252, and 262, all with a C or better. Fall, even numbered years.

    BIOL 444: Immunology 4.00

    Study of the mammalian immune system. The course will focus on the parts of the system and how they function together to produce the varied and complex regulated responses that provide innate and adaptive immunity. The course will also incorporate case studies involving dysfunction and pathophysiology of the immune system. Since this course is required for medical technology majors, essential laboratory principles and skills involving microscopy (light and fluorescence), ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, affinity chromatography, mammalian virus culture, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, electrophoresis and blotting are presented. Three lecture hours weekly and three laboratory hours weekly. Prerequisites: BIOL 201, 203, 341; CHEM 251, 261, 252, and 262, all with a C or better. Spring annually.

    BIOL 450: Cell Physiology 4.00

    Study of the regulatory processes that occur within the eukaryotic cell that govern homeostasis and allow for adaptive change. The course will focus on membrane biochemistry, transport, protein sorting, cell signaling, cytoskeletal nanomotors, and cell specialization. The laboratory portion of the course incorporates experiential learning of basic procedures that allow experientialists to uncover the workings of the eukaryotic cell. Three lecture hours and three laboratory hours weekly. Prerequisites: BIOL 201, 203, 341; CHEM 251, 261, 252, and 262, all with a C or better. Spring annually.

    BIOL 451: Animal Physiology 3.00

    Study of the comparative physiology of animals, including water and ion regulations, circulation, respiration, nutrition, nervous activity, endocrine functions, and responses to temperature, light, gasses, and pressure. Two lecture and three laboratory hours weekly. Prerequisites: BIOL 201, 203; CHEM 252, 261, 252, and 262, or permission of instructor.

    BIOL 474: Ecology of Aquatic Insects 3.00

    Examination of the ecological adaptations of aquatic insects with special emphasis on morphology, habitat,

    and trophic relationships.

    BIOL 483: Molecular Biology 4.00

    Study of the structural and functional relationships of the major biological macromolecules, emphasizing nucleic acid biology. Laboratory emphasizes current systems, methods, and applications of biotechnology, including recombinant DNA techniques. Two lecture and four laboratory hours weekly. Prerequisites: BIOL 201, 203, 341; CHEM 251, 261, 252, and 262, all with a C or better. Annually.

    CHEMISTRY COURSES

    CHEM 151: Chemical Principles I 3.00

    Explores atomic theory, gases, solids, liquids, chemical bonding, and molecular structure. Intended for chemistry program majors and co-op engineering students. CHEM 151 and 152 comprise the foundation for all subsequent courses in the major sequence. This lecture course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding laboratory (CHEM 161). Lecture may be repeated alone provided lab has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 161. Three hours lecture. Fall annually.

    CHEM 152: Chemical Principles II 3.00

    Includes second law, equilibrium, acids and bases, electrochemistry, kinetics, and coordination chemistry. This lecture course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding laboratory (CHEM 162). Lecture may be repeated alone provided lab has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 162. Prerequisite: CHEM 151. Three hours lecture. Spring, annually.

    CHEM 161: Chemical Principles I Lab 1.00

    Laboratory exercises to exemplify and augment the material in CHEM 151. This laboratory course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding lecture (CHEM 151). Laboratory may be repeated alone provided lecture has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 151. Three hours laboratory. Fall, annually.

    CHEM 162: Chemical Principles II Lab 1.00

    Laboratory exercises to exemplify and augment the material in CHEM 152. This laboratory course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding lecture (CHEM 152). Laboratory may be repeated alone provided lecture has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 152. Prerequisite: CHEM 161. Three hours laboratory. Spring, annually.

    CHEM 153: General Chemistry I 3.00

    Initial course in the fundamental concepts of chemistry for students not majoring in chemistry; it can serve as a preparation for CHEM 251 or as a general education elective. Includes atomic theory and structure, stoichiometry, chemical bonding, and the physical states of matter. This lecture course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding laboratory (CHEM 163). Lecture may be repeated alone provided lab has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 163. Three hours lecture. Fall, annually.

    CHEM 154: General Chemistry II 3.00

    Continuation of CHEM 153. Includes a discussion of solutions, thermodynamics, equilibria, kinetics, acids and bases, and oxidation-reduction. This lecture course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding laboratory (CHEM 164). Lecture may be repeated alone provided lab has been passed. Co-Prerequisite: CHEM 164. Prerequisite: CHEM 153. Three hours lecture. Spring, annually.

    CHEM 163: General Chemistry I Lab 1.00

    Laboratory exercises to exemplify and augment the material in CHEM 153. This laboratory course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding lecture (CHEM 153). Laboratory may be repeated alone provided lecture has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 153. Three hours laboratory. Fall, annually.

    CHEM 164: General Chemistry II Lab 1.00

    Laboratory exercises to exemplify and augment the material in CHEM 154. This laboratory course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding lecture (CHEM 154). Laboratory may be repeated alone provided lecture has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 154. Prerequisite: CHEM 163. Three hours laboratory. Spring, annually.

    CHEM 251: Organic Chemistry I 3.00

    Examines bonding, structure, stereochemistry, nomenclature, and the mechanisms of free radical substitution, nucleophilic substitution, electrophilic addition and electrophilic aromatic substitution. Emphasizes organic syntheses, reactions, and methods. This lecture course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding laboratory (CHEM 261). Lecture may be repeated alone provided lab has been passed. Co/Prerequisites: CHEM 261. Prerequisite: CHEM 151,152 or 153, 154. Three hours lecture. Fall, annually.

    CHEM 252: Organic Chemistry II 3.00

    Continuation of CHEM 251. A discussion of functional groups, their preparation and reactions. Emphasizes synthesis and mechanisms. This lecture course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding laboratory (CHEM 262). Lecture may be repeated alone provided lab has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 262. Prerequisite: CHEM 251. Three hours lecture. Spring, annually.

    CHEM 261: Organic Chemistry I Lab 1.00

    Consists of experiments using important techniques, natural product isolation, and synthesis using modern instrumental methods. This laboratory course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding lecture (CHEM 251). Laboratory may be repeated alone provided lecture has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 251. Prerequisites: CHEM 162 or 164. Three hours laboratory. Fall, annually.

    CHEM 262: Organic Chemistry II Lab 1.00

    Complex synthesis and organic qualitative analysis using modern instrumentation. Emphasizes the important spectroscopic methods of infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. This laboratory course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding lecture (CHEM 252). Laboratory may be repeated alone provided lecture has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 252. Prerequisite: CHEM 261. Three hours laboratory. Spring, annually.

    CHEM 254: Introductory Organic Chemistry 3.00

    Surveys the field of elementary organic chemistry, emphasizing nomenclature, simple reactions and mechanisms, and the structure of organic compounds, together with their relation to biology. Does not count toward the requirements for a major in chemistry and must be taken concurrently with CHEM 264 unless it is being repeated. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 264. Prerequisite: CHEM 152 or 154. Three hours laboratory.

    CHEM 264: Introductory Organic Chemistry Lab 1.00

    Introduces important techniques, synthesis, and functional group analyses of organic compounds. Must be taken concurrently with CHEM 254 unless it is being repeated. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 254. Prerequisite: CHEM 162 or 164. Three hours laboratory. Fall, annually.

    CHEM 257: Organic Spectroscopy 3.00

    Applies modern spectroscopic techniques to the determination of the structures of organic compounds. Discusses the techniques of infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy, emphasizing their application toward the elucidation of structures of organic compounds. Presents necessary theoretical background and applications. Required of all chemistry majors. Prerequisites CHEM 252 or consent of instructor.

    CHEM 270: Chemical Information 1.00

    Covers sources, organization, and the effective use of chemical information. Includes working safely with chemicals, regulatory agencies and their role in ensuring safety and environmental quality, and critical evaluation of scientific literature. Discusses aspects of both printed and computer-based chemical information sources. Problem assignments provide illustration and practice in effective searching of the chemical literature.

    Co-requisites: CHEM 251, 261. One hour lecture.

    CHEM 271: Introductory Inorganic Chemistry 2.00

    Introduces coordination and descriptive inorganic chemistry. Laboratory focuses on the properties and reaction chemistry of the elements and inorganic compounds. Prerequisite: CHEM 152/162. Fall, annually.

    CHEM 351: Introduction to Analytical Chemistry 3.00

    Explores the theory and applied techniques and instrumentation of analytical chemistry for majors in the allied health and other biological professions. Includes separation procedures and spectrophotometric, volumetric, and electroanalytical methods. Geared toward the analytical chemistry needs of the allied health and biological professions. Does not count toward the requirements for a major in chemistry. This lecture course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding laboratory (CHEM 361). Lecture may be repeated alone provided lab has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 361. Prerequisite: CHEM 152 or 154. Three hours lecture.

    CHEM 353: Analytical Chemistry I 3.00

    Serves students both in chemistry and in related fields. Includes spectrophotometric and volumetric methods of chemical analysis. This lecture course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding laboratory (CHEM 363). Lecture may be repeated alone provided lab has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 363. Prerequisite: CHEM 251. Three hours lecture. Fall, annually.

    CHEM 361: Introduction to Analytical Chemistry Lab 1.00

    Laboratory exercises exemplify and augment topics included in CHEM 351. This laboratory course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding lecture (CHEM 351). Laboratory may be repeated alone provided lecture has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 351. Prerequisite: CHEM 162 or 164. Three hours laboratory.

    CHEM 363: Analytical Chemistry I Lab 1.00

    Laboratory exercises exemplify and augment topics included in CHEM 353. This laboratory course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding lecture (CHEM 353). Laboratory may be repeated alone provided lecture has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 353. Prerequisite: CHEM 261. Three hours laboratory. Fall, annually.

    CHEM 358: Analytical Chemistry II 3.00

    An introduction of the theory, fundamental principles, and application of modern instrumentation to the analysis of chemical systems. This lecture course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding laboratory (CHEM 368). Lecture may be repeated alone provided lab has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 368. Prerequisite: CHEM 251. Three hours lecture. Spring, annually.

    CHEM 368: Analytical Chemistry Lab II 1.00

    Laboratory exercises exemplify and augment topics included in CHEM 358 and the analytical techniques of spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry. This laboratory course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding lecture (CHEM 358). Laboratory may be repeated alone provided lecture has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 358. Prerequisite: Chem 261. Three hours laboratory. Spring, annually.

    CHEM 354: Physical Chemistry I 3.00

    Concerned primarily with the principles of thermodynamics. Discusses kinetics in the latter portion of the term. Applies the laws of thermodynamics to many problem-solving situations. Uses calculus heavily, and requires a basic familiarity with the handling of simple differentials and integrals. Kinetics is treated from experimental and mechanistic points of view. This lecture course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding laboratory (CHEM 364). Lecture may be repeated alone provided lab has been passed. Co/Prerequisites: CHEM 364. Prerequisites: CHEM 152, 162; PH 252 or 259; MATH 271. Three hours lecture. Fall, annually.

    CHEM 355: Physical Chemistry II 3.00

    Develops both the classical wave formulation and the concept of operators as approaches to the study of quantum mechanics. Students solve simple one-electron problems. Extends groundwork to molecular problems. Examines spectroscopy in detail, particularly as a tool in the determination of molecular structures. Discusses powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques and investigates their use as research tools. Prerequisite: CHEM 354. Three hour lecture. Spring, annually.

    CHEM 364: Physical Chemistry I Lab 1.00

    Involves experiments in the areas of thermodynamics and kinetics to reinforce what is taught in the lecture course. To be taken concurrently with CHEM 354. Experiments include bomb calorimetry, construction of a simple two-component phase diagram, and stopped-flow, fast-action kinetics. Prerequisite: CHEM 355. Three hours laboratory. Fall, annually.

    CHEM 365: Physical Chemistry II Lab 1.00

    Involves experiments in the areas of quantum mechanics, molecular spectroscopy, and crystallography. Experiments include obtaining rotational-vibrational spectra of a diatomic molecule utilizing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and analyzing a powdered crystalline sample using X-ray diffraction. This laboratory course must be scheduled concurrently with its corresponding lecture (CHEM 355). Laboratory may be repeated alone

    provided lecture has been passed. Co/Prerequisite: CHEM 355. Prerequisite: CHEM 364. Three hours laboratory.

    CHEM: 359 Advanced Organic Chemistry 3.00

    A study of reaction mechanism, synthetic methods, and structure elucidations. Emphasizes modern physical organic chemistry and the correlation of structure and reactivity. Prerequisites: CHEM 252. Three-hour lecture. Spring occasionally.

    CHEM 455: Advanced Physical Chemistry 3.00

    Concerned primarily with statistical mechanics and additional aspects of quantum mechanics such as molecular modeling and potential energy surfaces. Prerequisite: CHEM 355. Offered occasionally.

    CHEM 456: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 3.00

    Extends and compares various concepts of bonding and molecular structure, encountered in previous courses, to gain appreciation of their uses and shortcomings. Includes acid-base theory, nonaqueous solvents, and coordination chemistry. The descriptive chemistry includes recently discovered compound types as well as classical periodicity and periodic anomalies. Prerequisite: CHEM 354 or consent of the department. Three hours lecture. Fall, alternate years.

    CHEM 459: Demonstration in Chemistry 3.00

    Studies are made of various demonstration techniques with students devising and applying each with many examples. Emphasizes the study of material the Chem. Study Committee of the American Chemical Society

    prepared for the purpose of vitalizing high school chemistry courses. Prerequisites: CHEM 151, 152, and at least one other major course. Offered occasionally.

    CHEM 461: Advancing Inorganic/Organic Lab 2.00

    Involves complex synthesis of inorganic and organic compounds. Uses sophisticated techniques and contemporary instrumentation in the synthesis, analysis, and characterization of these inorganic and organic compounds. Two hours laboratory.

    BCHM 463: Biochemistry Lab 1.00

    Experiments involving the major techniques in modern biochemistry. Emphasizes separation and purification

    techniques, kinetic studies, quantitative determinations, and analytical instrumentation in biochemistry and

    biotechnology. Co/Prerequisite: BCHM 453. Three hours laboratory. Fall annually.

    CHEM 470: Chemistry Seminar 3.00

    This course is an introduction to chemistry literature and presentations. Students will learn how to search the

    chemistry literature for topics of current interest using databases, compilation of a bibliography, preparation of

    an abstract, and presentation of a poster and seminar. Prerequisites: CHEM 354. Three hours lecture. Spring

    annually.

    CHEM 471: Advanced Topics in Chemistry 3.00

    Presents topics of current interest. Topics vary from year to year. Discusses topics such as non-aqueous solvents, solid state chemistry, polymers, chemical physics, group theory, stereochemistry, organometallics, and recent developments in spectroscopy. Prerequisite: CHEM 355 (may be taken concurrently). Offered occasionally.

    CHEM 485: Problems in Chemistry Education 3.00

    In-depth exploration of a problem area in chemistry education according to the student’s need or interest under the direction of a faculty member. Admission only by consent of instructor and approval of department chair. Prerequisite: Junior standing or consent of the department. Not open to chemistry majors in the liberal arts or Bachelor of Science curriculum.

    EARTH SCIENCES COURSES

    ES 111: Basic Earth Science 3.00

    Surveys the earth sciences, including Earth-space relations. Includes Earth motions, development of landforms, weather and climate, soils and related vegetation, water as a resource, and oceans. Emphasizes the lithosphere (mountain building and erosion) and the atmosphere. Each semester. ES 111 or permission of instructor.

    ES 150: Physical Geology w/Lab 4.00

    Study of the earth, including minerals and rocks, and the processes, both constructional and destructional, which have shaped it since it was formed. Constructional processes include volcanism, mountain building, and sedimentation. Destructional processes include the erosional activity of streams, glaciers, ground water, waves, and wind. Acquaints students with the methods and work of geologists and with some of the research at the frontiers of geology. Two hours lecture, two hours laboratory. No prerequisites. Each semester.

    ES/PH 200: Solar System Astronomy 3.00

    Examines the motions of Earth, moon, and the planets and their effects on the appearance of the sky; the nature of the sun and the planets; the instruments of the astronomer; and the role the history of astronomy played in the development of our understanding of the sky. Includes constellation identification through the use of the planetarium. Each semester.

    ES/PH 201: Stellar Astronomy 3.00

    Explores human understanding of the nature, formation, and evolution of those celestial objects that lie beyond the solar system. Includes stellar properties and spectra, stellar evolution, special stars and star systems, the Milky Way and other galaxies, cosmology, and cosmogony. Uses the planetarium for constellation study and the development of coordinate systems. Prerequisite: ES 200. Spring, annually.

    ES 250: Historical Geology w/Lab 4.00

    Deals with the changes the Earth has experienced through time. Emphasizes the geologic evidence for plate tectonic movements of ocean basins and continents, uplift and erosion of mountains, and deposition of strata in various sedimentary basins. Examines in detail the evolutionary changes and mass extinction of life-forms, as preserved in the fossil record. Prerequisite: ES 150 (may be taken concurrently). Offered Spring Semester annually.

    ES 255: Geomorphology with Lab 4.00

    Study of the physical forces that sculpt and modify the landforms of the earth, including chiefly weathering, streams, glaciation, and shore processes. Includes some preliminary work on topographic and geologic maps and rocks. Called geomorphology in older catalogs. Prerequisite: ES 150. Offered annually.

    ES 260: Environmental Geology 3.00

    Examines the uses of geology in the solution of human problems with the physical environment. Includes hazardous geologic environments, mineral and energy resources, water supply, waste disposal, and the uses of geology in urban and regional planning. Draws many examples from western Pennsylvania. Prerequisite: ES 150 or 111. Offered annually.

    ES 270: Oceanography 3.00

    A study of the physical properties, marine biology, chemistry, and geology of the oceans, and to a minor extent, the role of the sea in the history, culture, and technical developments of humankind. Once annually.

    ES 280: Meteorology 3.00

    Introduces the earth’s atmosphere. Emphasizes the laws and underlying principles of atmospheric motion and change, earth-sun relationships, atmospheric composition and structure, the general circulation of the atmosphere, winds and wind systems, the precipitation process, and the genesis and life cycle of storms. Prerequisite: ES 111.

    ES 310: Introduction to Geophysics 3.00

    Explores theoretical and exploration geophysics, including physical characteristics of the earth such as its shape, rotation, and procession; seismology and the interior conditions of the earth; geomagnetism and paleo magnetism; radioactivity and dating techniques; gravity and tides; internal heat; well logging; electrical techniques, such as resistivity; and plate tectonics and its mechanisms. Prerequisites: ES 150, 250, PH 251, 252; or permission of instructor. Every other year.

    ES 330: Hydrogeology with Lab 4.00

    Hydrogeology deals with both surface water and groundwater in the hydrologic cycle using quantitative methods. Examines aquifer systems, water wells, water quality, water resource management, groundwater flow, and pollutant transport in detail during labs, field trips, and site tours. Prerequisite: ES 150. Offered Fall Semester annually.

    ES/GEOG 345: Computer Cartography w/Lab 4.00

    Systematic study of the newest dimension of cartography in use today. Designing and constructing computer maps is an integral part of the course. Students create computer maps with a number of programs, including Atlas Graphics, Atlas Draw, Microam, Map Info. PC Globe, PS USA, Systate, etc. Introduces the use of the digitizer. Prerequisite CIS 110 or equivalent course, or consent of the instructor. Every other spring.

    ES 350: Structural Geology 4.00

    Investigates the geometry, origin, and recognition of the main structural features of the rocks of the earth’s crust, including folds, faults, joints, unconformities, larger igneous bodies, cleavage, lineation, etc. Explores interpreting structure from geologic maps, structural petrology, and geophysical methods used in structural geology. Prerequisite: ES 150. Every third semester.

    ES 355: Invertebrate Paleontology 3.00

    Explores the outstanding invertebrate animals preserved in the fossil record. Examines the nature of the fossil record itself, evolution as shown by fossils, and classification problems in paleontology. Prerequisite: ES 250. Every other year.

    ES 360: Mineralogy 4.00

    Examines the identification, uses, physical and chemical properties, occurrence, origin, and crystallography of the common minerals. Prerequisite: At least high school chemistry. Every third semester.

    ES 370: Petrology 4.00

    The identification, occurrence and origin, classification, physical and chemical properties, and uses of the common rocks. Includes a brief study of the important rock forming minerals. Prerequisite: ES 150. Every third semester.

    ES/GEOG 385: Climatology 3.00

    Examines the major components of climate and climate change. Analyzes physical aspects of the atmosphere as a series of long-term weather phenomena. Studies regional characteristics of climate on the basis of worldwide weather patterns. Emphasizes how applied aspects of climate demonstrate the interrelationships and importance of both physical and regional climatology to humankind. Also examines the causes of long-term climate change and variability. Acceptable for social science or natural science credits. Prerequisite: Sophomore standing or higher.

    ES 390: Stratigraphy & Sedimentary Petrology 4.00

    Systematic study of clastic and carbonate stratigraphic sequences, emphasizing interpretation of lithofacies,

    tectono-sedimentary settings, and sequence stratigraphy. Laboratories include study of petrologic/diagenetic characteristics of sedimentary strata, recent advances in seismic stratigraphy, and basin analysis. Prerequisite: ES 150. (ES 250, ES 360, and ES 370 are recommended.) Every third semester.

    ES/GEOG 404: Soils with Lab 4.00

    Comprehensively examines the classification, formation, and interpretation of soils. Students examine the processes of soil classification (both the zonal classification and the soil taxonomy classification), soil formation (parent material, climate, slope, time and organic activity), and the interpretation of pedogenic sequences (as it relates to deposition, diagenesis, and climate change). Laboratory (one credit, two hours) complements lecture portion of the course. Emphasizes the field interpretation of soils as well as the geochemistry and textual classification of soils. Prerequisites: ES 150 and 255 or permission of the instructor.

    ES 476: Science, Technology & Society: Topics for Teachers 3.00

    Interdisciplinary course designed to acquaint students with information, curricula and teaching methodologies

    appropriate for integrating STS topics into science and social studies instruction. Includes topics in nature of science, history of science, history of technology, ethical decision-making, and the influences of changes in science and technology on society. Required for all secondary science and social studies education majors. Spring semester. Prerequisite: Junior Standing.

    EDUCATION COURSES

    ED 332: Meth of Teaching Secondary Science 3.00

    Prepares biology, chemistry, earth science, general science and physics teachers for the secondary schools. Emphasizes formulating objectives, selecting and organizing content, developing skill in using a variety of teaching strategies, and evaluating pupil progress. Stresses the investigatory approach to teaching biology in laboratory, field, and simulated teaching experiences. Includes observations and teaching experiences in area schools. Prerequisite: ED 327. Each semester.

    PHYSICS COURSES

    PH 200: Solar System Astronomy 3.00

    Examines the motions of Earth, moon, and the planetsand their effects on the appearance of the sky; the nature of the sun and the planets; the instruments of the astronomer; and the role the history of astronomy played in the development of our understanding of the sky. Includes constellation identification through the use of the planetarium. Each semester.

    PH 201: Stellar Astronomy 3.00

    Explores human understanding of the nature, formation, and evolution of those celestial objects that lie beyond the solar system. Includes stellar properties and spectra, stellar evolution, special stars and star systems, the Milky Way and other galaxies, cosmology, and cosmogony. Uses the planetarium for constellation study and the development of coordinate systems. Prerequisite: ES 200. Spring, annually.

    PH 251: General Physics 4.00

    Introductory course for non-physics majors. Emphasizes mechanics, including vectors, kinematics, dynamics, energy, momentum, rotational motion, harmonic motion, and waves. Integrates computer based laboratory and lecture into three two-hour class periods. Prerequisite: Algebra. Each fall.

    PH 252: General Physics II 4.00

    Introductory course for non-physics majors. Emphasizes electromagnetism and light, including electrostatics, circuits, magnetic fields, geometrical and physical optics, optical instruments, and atomic spectra. Integrates computer-based laboratory and lecture into three two-hour class periods. Prerequisites: Algebra and either PH 251 or 261. Each Spring.

    PH 254: Excursions In Spc: Excursions Nanotechnology 3.00

    Introductory course for science and mathematics majors. Discusses current and developing sub-micron range technologies. Includes an exposition of the physical laws governing matter-energy interactions at a microscopic level and their consequences and applications to nanotechnology in areas such as mechanosynthesis, molecular sorting, assembly and manufacture, nanomechanical computation systems, and fabrication of nanoscale structural components. Relevant demonstrations and experiments may be incorporated, depending on time and equipment

    availability. Prerequisites: PH 251 and/or PH 252.

    PH 258: Introductory to Physics Lecture I 3.00

    Introductory course for physics majors, pre-engineers, and students in other disciplines seeking an understanding of physics at a rigorous mathematical level. Emphasizes mechanics, including vectors, kinematics, dynamics, energy, momentum, rotational motion, harmonic motion, and waves. PH 268 must be taken concurrently by physics majors and pre-engineers. Prerequisite: MATH 270, which may be taken concurrently. Each fall.

    PH 259: Introductory to Physics Lecture II 3.00

    Continuation of PH 258, an introductory level course for physics majors, pre-engineers, and students in other disciplines seeking an understanding of physics at a rigorous mathematical level. Emphasizes electromagnetism and optics, including electrostatics, circuits, magnetic fields, geometrical and physical optics, and optical instruments. PH 269 must be taken concurrently with PH 259 by physics majors and pre-engineers. Prerequisite: PH 258. Each spring.

    PH 261: Physics of Energy & the Environment 3.00

    This course is the study of the physical laws and processes that underlie environmental phenomena with a special focus on energy (mechanical, thermal and electrical). We will establish both a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the underlying physical processes. Technical, economic, and social consequences of these laws and processes will be examined to better delineate the complex decisions related to human energy use and environmental issues. This course might serve as a substitute for PH 251 (General Physics I) and will prepare students equally well for PH 252 (General Physics II) should that course be required of their major. Prerequisite: Algebra

    PH 269: Intro to Physics Lab II 1.00

    Complements PH 259, and should not be scheduled by students not enrolled in PH 258. Experiments include

    electrostatic phenomena, potential, circuits, magnetic forces, refraction, lens properties, atomic spectra, and

    interference and diffraction. Utilizes computers for data analysis and presentation. Each sprin


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