Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL functions for lathes and milling machines
Programming coordinates and interpolation parameters
Absolute input of coordinate values relative to the workpiece zero point
Incremental input of coordinate values relative to the current tool position
Absolute input of the interpolation parameters relative to the workpiece zero point
T-addresses for tool change
Tool storage place in the tool revolver or holder
Selection of the number of the offset memory
Incremental tool radius or cutting edge offset in the selected offset memory
Incremental tool length offset in the selected offset memory (milling)
Incremental tool length offset in Z direction in the selected offset memory (turning)
Incremental diameter offset in X direction in the selected offset memory (turning)
Additional M-functions1' according to PAL
Clockwise spindle rotation, coolant ON
Counter clockwise spindle rotation, coolant ON
Spindle and coolant OFF
PAL functions for lathes
XA, YA, ZA
XI, Yl, Zl
IA, KA
T
TC
TR
TL
TZ
TX
End of sub program M17 M13
Constant feed
M60 M14
M60 + corner shaping
M61 M15
G-functions Types of interpolation Cutter compensation
GO Rapid travel/motion G40 Cancel tool radius offset TRO
G1 Linear interpolation with feed rate G41 Tool radius offset TRO to the left of the
G2
G3
G4
Circular interpolation, clockwise
Circular interpolation, counter clockwise
Dwell time
G42 programmed contour
Tool radius offset TRO to the right of the
programmed contour
G9 Exact stop Feeds and speeds
G14 Travel to configured tool change point G92 Rotational speed limitation
G61 Linear interpolation for contour routing G94 Feed in mm per minute
G62
G63
Circular interpolation for contour routing,
clockwise
Circular interpolation for contour routing,
counter clockwise
G95
G96
G97
Feed in mm per revolution
Constant cutting speed
Constant rotational speed
Reference points Program features
G50 Cancellation of incremental zero point G22 Call sub program
shift and rotations G23 Repeat program section
G53 Cancellation of all zero point shifts and
rotations
G29 Conditional jumps
Cycles G54- Adjustable absolute zero points
G57 G31 Thread cycle
G59 Incremental Cartesian zero point shift and
rotation
G32 Tapping cycle
G33
G80
Thread chasing cycle
Completion of a machining cycle contour Machining planes and rechucking
G18 Selection of the plane of rotation description
G17 Face machining planes G81 Longitudinal rough-turning cycle
G19 Shell surface/segment surface machining G82 Rough facing cycle
planes G83 Rough-turning cycle parallel to the contour
G30 Rechucking/opposed spindle takeover G84 Drilling cycle
Dimensions G85 Undercut cycle
G70
G71
G90
G91
Inch input confirmation
Metric input confirmation (mm)
Absolute dimensions
Input of incremental dimensions
G86
G87
G88
G89
Radial grooving cycle
Radial contour cutting cycle
Axial grooving cycle
Axial contour cutting cycle
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
G-functions for lathes
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for lathes
G31 Thread cycle
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL functions for milling machines
G-functions
Types of interpolation, contours Tool offsets
GO Rapid motion G40 Cancel cutter compensation
G1 Linear interpolation with feed rate G41- Cutter compensation left
G2 Circular interpolation, clockwise G42 Cutter compensation right
G3 Circular interpolation, counter clockwise Feeds and speeds
G4 Dwell time G94 Feed in mm per minute
G9 Exact stop G95 Feed in mm per revolution
G10 Rapid motion in polar coordinates G96 Constant cutting speed
G11 Linear interpolation with polar coordinates G97 Constant spindle speed
G12 Circular interpolation with polar coordinates,
clockwise Program features
G13 Circular interpolation with polar coordinates,
counter clockwise
G22 Call sub program
G45 Linear tangential approach to a contour G23 Repeat program section
G46 Linear tangential retraction from a contour G29 Conditional jumps
G47 Tangential approach to a contour in a Fixed cycles
quarter circle
G48 Tangential retraction from a contour in a G34 Start-up of the contour pocket cycle
quarter circle G35 Rough-machining technology of the contour
G61 Linear interpolation for contour routing pocket cycle
G62 Circular interpolation for contour routing,
clockwise
G36 Residual material technology of the contour
pocket cycle
G63 Circular interpolation for contour routing, G37 Finishing technology of the contour pocket cycle
counter clockwise G38
G80
Contour description of the contour pocket cycle
Completion of the G38 cycle
Reference points, rotation, mirror images, scaling G39 Call contour pocket cycle with material removal
G50 Cancellation of the incremental zero point shift either parallel to the contour or in meanders
and rotations G72 Rectangular pocket milling cycle
G53 Cancellation of all zero point shifts and G73 Circular pocket and spigot milling cycle
rotations G74 Slot milling cycle
G54-
G57
Adjustable absolut zero points G75 Circular slot milling cycle
G58 Incremental zero point shift, polar and G81 Drilling cycle
rotation G82 Deep drilling cycle with pecking
G59 Incremental Cartesian zero point shift and G83 Deep drilling cycle with pecking and full retraction
rotation G84 Tapping cycle
G66 Mirror image across the X or Y axis,
mirror image off
G85 Reaming cycle
G67 Scaling (enlarging or reducing or cancellation) G86
G87
Boring cycle
Plunge milling cycle
Plane selection, dimensions G88 Internal thread milling cycle
G17- Plane selection, 2V2 D processing G89 External thread milling cycle
G19 G76 Multiple cycle call on a straight line (line of holes)
G70 Inch input confirmation G77 Multiple cycle call on a pitch circle (line of holes)
G71 Metric input confirmation (mm) G78 Cycle call at a particular point (polar coordinates)
G90 Input of absolute dimensions G79 Cycle call at a particular point (Cartesian
G91 Input of incremental dimensions coordinates)
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G1
Linear interpolation with feed rate
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL functions for milling machines
G45
Linear tangential approach to the contour G46 Linear tangential retraction from the contour
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G81 Drilling cycle
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G86 Boring cycle
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G72 Rectangular pocket milling cycle
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
Program structure with CNC machines according to PAL
PAL functions for milling machines
Program structure of CNC machines according to PAL
PAL cycles for milling machines
G62/G63 Circular interpolation for contour routing