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PLCProgrammable Logic Controller
Content
▪ History▪ Definition of PLC?▪ Why we use PLC ?▪ Architecture of a PLC ▪ Components▪ Relay▪ Circuit diagram of relay▪ Sample of relay▪ Programing Language Of PLC ▪ Block Diagram
▪ Our Project▪ Circuit▪ Project video▪ Advantage▪ Disadvantage▪ Area of Applications▪ Conclusion▪ Summery▪ References
HISTORY
▪ PLC was introduced in late 1960’s.▪ First commercial and successful programmable logic
controllers was designed and developed by modicon as a relay replacer for General Motors.
▪ Earlier , it was a machine with thousand of electronic parts.
▪ Later in late 1970’s the microprocessor became and greatly enhanced the role of PLC permitting it to evolve from simply relay to the sophisticated system as it is today.
Definition Of PLC?
▪ Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an industrial computer that monitors inputs, makes decisions based on its program and controls outputs to automate a process or machine.
The automation of many different processes , such as controlling machines or factory assembly lines, is done through the use of small computers called a programmable logic controllers(PLCs).
Why We Use PLC?
▪ To reduce human efforts .▪ To get maximum efficiency
from machine and control them with human logic .
▪ To reduce complex circuitry of entire system .
▪ To eliminate the high costs associated with inflexible, relay-controlled systems.
Architecture of a PLC
INPUT
Power Supply
Processor OUTPUT
MEMORY INTERFACE
COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS
▪ INPUT MODULES accepts and converts signals from sensors into a logic signal
Ex. : Switches, Pushbuttons.▪ OUTPUT MODULES that convert control instructions a signal that
can be used by actuators. Ex. : lamps, alarm.
INPUT (PUSH BUTTON)
PLC
OUTPUT (INDICATOR LIGHT)
Three Phase Motor
Terminal BoxDriver Shaft Cooling FanStatorRotorStator Winding
Connection Of Motor with PLC
▪ This is the basic connection of Induction motor with PLC .
▪ Here we use a circuit breaker & a three phase relay.
▪ We also use two push button for start and stop.
▪ In plc we start an induction motor at Delta connection so that motor can get enough current to start and then running motor in Star connection.
Use Of Motor in Our Project
We use a three phase induction motor with 500 RPM for our project .
Relay
Frist ever Relay
Circuit Diagram Of Relay
Sample Of Relay
Programing Language Of PLC
PLC Language
LadderLogic
Functional Block Diagram
Sequential Function Chart
Boolean mnemonics
Block Diagram Of Our Project
Liquid-1 Liquid-2
MixtureTank
DumpTank
Our Project
Automatic liquid mixing machine for industrial use.
CIRCUIT
Neutral Mood
CIRCUIT
Liquid Coming Mood
CIRCUIT
Motor Starting Mood
CIRCUIT
Dump Mood
Area Of Application
Machine controls
Area Of Application
Machine controls
Food/Beverage processing
Area Of Application
Machine controls
Food/Beverage processing
Car park & Train station control system.
Area Of Application
Machine controls
Food/Beverage processing
Car park & Train station control system.
Manufacturing, Packaging, Palletizing
Area Of Application
Machine controls
Food/Beverage processing
Car park & Train station control system.
Manufacturing, Packaging, Palletizing
Material handling
Area Of Application
Machine controls
Food/Beverage processing
Car park & Train station control system.
Manufacturing
Packaging, Palletizing
Material handling
Textile,Travel,printing Industry
similar Sequential task as well as Process control etc.
ADVANTAGESvery Fast , High speed of operation.
Small physical size, shorter project time Reduced space.
inputs and outputs already inside the controller.
Low power consumption
designed to withstand vibrations,temperature,humidity,noise etc.
Easy maintenance due to modular assembly and flexibility
Improves Productivity
Improves Quality
DISADVANTAGES
Initial Costs Are HighPLC hold only one copy of programmesPLC Devices Are ProprietaryUnemployment Rate IncreasesThere's difficulty with changes or replacements.When a problem occurs, hold-up time is
indefinite, usually long, It's always difficult to find errors.
Conclusion
The PLC have in recent years experienced an unprecedented growth as universal element in industrial automation .
It can be effectively used in applications ranging from simple control like replacing a small number of relays to complex automation problems.
Today the PLCs are used for control & automation job in a single machine & it increases up to full automation of manufacturing / testing process in a factory.
Summary
In this presentation we have discussed about:What is PLC.Why we use PLC.Description of PLC.A project over PLC.Area of application.Advantages & disadvantages
References
WikipediaIndustrial Control Handbook, Industrial Press
Inc.W. Bolton, Programmable Logic Controllers,
Fifth Edition. Maher, Michael J. Real-Time Control and
Communications.
Any Question
TheEnd