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Programs and research
Changing users and changing technology: the network rewrites the library
Lorcan DempseyCSU Libraries Futures Summit meeting
6-8 June 2007
Santa Rosa, California
They found that Google is responsible for referring 56% of the users of HighWire journals, and our own study shows that over 70% of researchers use it routinely to find scholarly content. Moreover, web search engine referrals also appear to account for the vast majority of accesses to institutionalrepositories.
Van Orsdel L C and Born K
Researchers use of academic libraries and their services. Swan A and Brown S
Libraries will need to plan for and buildservices that fit new researcher workhabits, with an emphasis on theflexibility and remixing of their contentand services. ….
… In this study we paid some attention to the new world of informal peer-to-peer communication withinthe research community. The findings are that researchers are adopting socialnetwork technologies very fast and so far they have done so on their own: thelibrary has effectively been bypassed.
Researchers use of academic libraries and their services. Swan A and Brown S
Usage of electronic resources
Note: the information above appeared in the Perceptions report in both chart and table formats.
Starting an information search
Only 2% of college students start their search at a library Web site.
Respondents were asked to indicate, from a list of 16 electronic resources, which they typically use to begin an information search.
Among total respondents, 84% of information searches begin with a search engine and 1% begin at a library Web site.
College Students
Trustworthiness of library sources vs. search engines
Over half (53%) of college students indicate a similar trust of search engines as with library resources.
Then: the user built their workflow around the library
Now: the library must build its service around the user workflow
Get in the flow
Then: resources were scarce and attention was abundant
Now: attention is scarce and resourcesare abundant
Compete for attention
Then: people consumed information resources
Now: people construct digital identities online:
gather, create, share
Website > workflow
Chris Beckett http://www.scholinfo.com/presentations/2006/8/10/the-new-world-order-in-collection-development-the-commercial-perspective.html
Course management:a reductive comparison
Virtual learning environments : using, choosing and developing your VLE by Martin Weller
“The relationship between VLEs and library systems reflects the changes in practice and internal politics wrought by the advent of e-learning perhaps more than any of the other systems. There is a sense in which the very identity of libraries and their function in the educational process is at stake.” [p. 67]
Redundant
• "At one extreme the need for a library becomes superfluous - at its simplest this might be categorized as 'I've got Google, what do I need a library for?'" [p. 67]
• Necessary materials are loaded into the VLE, and it points to other resources out on the open web.
Central
• The library mediates access to content within the VLE, providing value in selection, purposing to particular tasks, metasearch and so on.
Susan Hollar - Inside the Course at Michigan Diane Dallis - Inside the Course at Indiana
Sakaibrary:Michigan
Indiana
Scholarly information flow?
peer-reviewed journals,
conferences, …
aggregators
Research & e-science
Repositories
Deposit,self archiving
data analysis,transformation,
mining,modeling
Publish,discovery
Data creation, capture and gathering:lab experiments, fieldwork, surveys, grids, media, …
Learning & teachingDeposit,
self archiving
learning objectcreation, re-use
Discovery,linking,embedding
Courses, modules, Learning management systems, learning portals, …
Discovery,linking,embedding
Harvesting
Discovery,harvesting
Validation
A&I services
Adapted with permission from Liz Lyons eBank UK: Building the links between research data,
scholarly communication and learning. Ariadne 36, 2003. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue36/lyon/
peer-reviewed journals,
conferences, …
aggregators
Research & e-science
Repositories
Deposit,self archiving
data analysis,transformation,
mining,modeling
Publish,discovery
Data creation, capture and gathering:lab experiments, fieldwork, surveys, grids, media, …
Learning & teachingDeposit,
self archiving
learning objectcreation, re-use
Discovery,linking,embedding
Courses, modules, Learning management systems, learning portals, …
Discovery,linking,embedding
Harvesting
Discovery,harvesting
Validation
A&I services
Adapted with permission from Liz Lyons eBank UK: Building the links between research data,
scholarly communication and learning. Ariadne 36, 2003. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue36/lyon/
peer-reviewed journals,
conferences, …
aggregators
Research & e-science
Repositories
Deposit,self archiving
data analysis,transformation,
mining,modeling
Publish,discovery
Data creation, capture and gathering:lab experiments, fieldwork, surveys, grids, media, …
Learning & teachingDeposit,
self archiving
learning objectcreation, re-use
Discovery,linking,embedding
Courses, modules, Learning management systems, learning portals, …
Discovery,linking,embedding
Harvesting
Discovery,harvesting
Validation
A&I services
Adapted with permission from Liz Lyons eBank UK: Building the links between research data,
scholarly communication and learning. Ariadne 36, 2003. http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue36/lyon/
Now: Federated access to multi-institutional holdings with support for personal collection-building and sharing
Patterns of learning, research, information production and consumption changing
Disclosure into workflows Personal collections and data reproduction ‘Customer relation management’
Print Licensed Digital Research&
learningoutputs
…
Catalog MetasearchResolver
Repositories …
Repositories …ILS ERMKnowledgebase
libraryConsumer environmentsManagement environment
Licensed
Bought
Faculty&students
Digitized AggregationsResource sharing
…
Institutional WorkflowPortals, CMS, IR, …
PersonalWorkflowRSS, toolbars, ..
Network level workflowGoogle, …
Integratedlocal user environment?Library web presenceResource sharing, …
Library “Inventory”
20% head 80% long tail
Libraries aggregate supply at the local level…
“About the only places you could explore outside themainstream were the library and the comic book shop.”
Chris Anderson, “The Long Tail”
The long tail
Impact?
Systemwide efficiences
Aggregation of supply•Unified discovery•Low transaction costs
Aggregation of demand•Mobilize users•Brand
Libraries and the long tail dynamic
Aggregate supply?
1.7% of circulations are ILLs
(60% of aggregate G5 collection owned by one library only)
Aggregate demand?
20% of collection accounted for 90% of use
(2 research libraries over ~4 years)
Each reader his/her book
Each book its reader
The Library Long Tail(using holdings as measure of popularity)
Note: All statistics arepreliminary and subjectto change. Final reportforthcoming soon.
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Items ranked by system-wide popularity
“Head”
“Long Tail”
Head:Top 10% of WorldCat records (ranked by holdings)account for 80% of total WorldCat holdings
Long Tail:Bottom 90% of WorldCat records (ranked by holdings)account for 20% of total WorldCat holdings
Figure not drawn to scale;for illustration purposes only
ILL and the Long Tail(FY 2005 OCLC ILL transactions)
Note: All statistics arepreliminary and subjectto change. Final reportforthcoming soon.
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Items ranked by system-wide popularity
~75% of ILL requests weredirected at the “Head”
~25% of ILL requests weredirected at the “Long Tail”
By comparison, Chris Anderson (The Long Tail, 2006) reports:
Amazon: ~ 25% of sales from the “long tail”Netflix: ~ 20% of sales from the “long tail”
* Question: are current ILL systems adequately supporting demand for the library long tail?
Multilevel approach to …
Collections Shared offsite storage Aggregate and analyse digital
collections Institutional repository Digital storage and preservation
Social and consumer environments
Social networking services: tagging, reviews, recommendations
Share mobilizing approaches Virtual reference
D2D Consolidated discovery Knowledge base Resolution - Service routing –
fulfilment
Business intelligence Synthesize and mobilize shared
usage data Recommendation, management
decisions Digitization and offsite storage
Libraries optimized for a pre-network environment
User environment: libraries do not have web-scale: impact suffers
Operational environment: fragmentation and redundancy
Resources organized around value creation?
Find the appropriate level to act ….
Reduce unnecessary fragmentation and redundancies
Create systemwide efficiencies
Increase the impact of libraries
Make the network work for libraries
Put librariesat the point of need
Build the librarybrand on the network
Getting our strategic planning going:
Points to Ponder Libraries are optimized for a pre-network age, where the model was one
of distribution and local collection of physical materials. They areseriously sub-optimized for a network age, where there are twinpressures: consolidation of information resources into large networklevel hubs, and diffusion of services into 'networkflows'.
Libraries are off-message: people do not want to talk about managinginformation, they want to talk about improving their productivity andthe quality of research and learning outcomes. How do librariescommunicate their value in terms understood by faculty, students andadministrators?
Large print collections and library buildings are cement boots holdingback library services. Can they step out of these boots? Can theydivorce the sense of library as service from the sense of library as aplace with books in it.
There appears to be no place for libraries in the network identities andcommunities that students are constructing online.