Progress and Challenges of Progress and Challenges of measuring the Information measuring the Information Society in Latin America Society in Latin America and the Caribbeanand the Caribbean
Statistics Investment in the Future 2 Prague, 14-15 September 2009
Mariana [email protected]
Agenda
I.I. ECLACECLAC ’’s Information Society Programmes Information Society Programme
II.II. Measuring the Information SocietyMeasuring the Information Societya. Backgroundb. Current statusc. Statistical Information System on ICT
III.III. Digital divide in Digital divide in LACLAC
IV.IV. Conclusions and final reflectionsConclusions and final reflections
I. I. ECLACECLAC’’s Information s Information Society ProgramSociety Program
OSILACOSILACObservatory for Observatory for the Information the Information Society in Latin Society in Latin America and the America and the CaribbeanCaribbean
www.cepal.org/socinfo/www.cepal.org/socinfo/
eLAC eLAC Regional Action Regional Action Plan for the Plan for the Information Information SocietySociety
Inclusive Inclusive Political Dialogue Political Dialogue (Project from (Project from @LIS2 Program)@LIS2 Program)
�� Innovation and ICT Unit Innovation and ICT Unit �� Division of Production, Productivity and Management (DPPM)Division of Production, Productivity and Management (DPPM)�� Economic Commission for Latin America and the Carib bean (ECLAC)Economic Commission for Latin America and the Carib bean (ECLAC)�� United NationsUnited Nations
Program SocInfoProgram SocInfo
Contributes to the development of Information Societies in Latin America and the Caribbean
Current Situation
Analysisand
Research
Policy Proposals
Statistical harmonization
Quantitative and descriptive studies
Project and programme follow-up
Exchange of information and experiences
Regional cooperation
Program SocInfoProgram SocInfo
Working together with:Working together with:Working together with:Working together with:
- Partnership on Measuring the ICT for developmentPartnership on Measuring the ICT for developmentPartnership on Measuring the ICT for developmentPartnership on Measuring the ICT for development
To define and gather a common set of ICT indicators and to help To define and gather a common set of ICT indicators and to help To define and gather a common set of ICT indicators and to help To define and gather a common set of ICT indicators and to help developing developing developing developing countries in their efforts to produce statistics of the informatcountries in their efforts to produce statistics of the informatcountries in their efforts to produce statistics of the informatcountries in their efforts to produce statistics of the information society: ion society: ion society: ion society: http://measuringhttp://measuringhttp://measuringhttp://measuring----ict.unctad.orgict.unctad.orgict.unctad.orgict.unctad.org
- Since 2003Since 2003Since 2003Since 2003
ESCWA
World Bank
OSILACOSILAC
� Promote statistical harmonization so as to strengthen so as to strengthen the monitoring of ICT policies and projects in the monitoring of ICT policies and projects in Latin America and the CaribbeanLatin America and the Caribbean
�� Support countries in the compilation and analysis of Support countries in the compilation and analysis of statistical data, statistical data, developing capabilities or assisting countries with survey Implementation (NSOs and (NSOs and other official institutions)other official institutions)
� Monitor and analyze the progress of the regional countries towards the development of towards the development of Information SocietiesInformation Societies
OSILAC ObjectivesOSILAC Objectives
II. II. Measuring the Information Measuring the Information SocietySociety
Background
•• 2003 & 2005 2003 & 2005 –– World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
•• 2003 2003 –– creation of OSILACcreation of OSILAC
•• 2004 2004 –– launch of the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Developmentlaunch of the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development
•• 2005 2005 –– Presentation of the list of ICT core indicators at the WSIS Presentation of the list of ICT core indicators at the WSIS Preparatory MeetingPreparatory Meeting
•• 2005 2005 –– Creation of Task Group SCACreation of Task Group SCA--ECLACECLAC
•• 2007 2007 –– endorsement of the list of ICT core indicators by the Statisticendorsement of the list of ICT core indicators by the Statistical al Commission of United Nations (UNSC) Commission of United Nations (UNSC)
•• 2009 2009 –– revised list of ICT core indicators was filed with the UNSCrevised list of ICT core indicators was filed with the UNSC
•• Five annual Regional Workshops on Information Society Five annual Regional Workshops on Information Society Measurement in Latin America and the Caribbean Measurement in Latin America and the Caribbean –– since 2004since 2004
•• Capacity Buildings Capacity Buildings –– Colombia (2007) y Trinidad Tobago (2009)Colombia (2007) y Trinidad Tobago (2009)
•• Information System database developmentInformation System database development
•• Compendium of Practices on the implementation of ICT questions iCompendium of Practices on the implementation of ICT questions in n household and business surveys in LAC ( 2007 and 2009)household and business surveys in LAC ( 2007 and 2009)
•• Production and dissemination of analytical articles (microdata)Production and dissemination of analytical articles (microdata)
•• OSILAC discussion listOSILAC discussion list
•• OSILAC work groupsOSILAC work groups
•• Caribbean Strategy Caribbean Strategy –– ICT Household Survey (Mobile and ICT Household Survey (Mobile and Broadband modules)Broadband modules)
Current status - Activities
•• expanded collaboration with the National Statistical Offices (NSexpanded collaboration with the National Statistical Offices (NSO) O) of the regionof the region
•• production and compilation of harmonized statistics and indicatoproduction and compilation of harmonized statistics and indicators rs on ICT access and use collected by means of National Household on ICT access and use collected by means of National Household Surveys (NHS) and National Business Surveys (NBS)Surveys (NHS) and National Business Surveys (NBS)
•• strengthened regional capacities for the formulation and design strengthened regional capacities for the formulation and design of of questionnaires, data collection, harmonization of indicators andquestionnaires, data collection, harmonization of indicators anddissemination of methodologiesdissemination of methodologies
•• monitoring indicators for the eLAC plan of actionmonitoring indicators for the eLAC plan of action
•• discussing the development of new indicators (Education and discussing the development of new indicators (Education and eGovernment)eGovernment)
Current status – Achievements
Source: OSILAC based on information reported by National Statistical Offices.
Progress in core indicators availability
15%10% 10%
0%
75%
24%
45%
10%
Latin America The Caribbean Latin America The Caribbean
Households surveys Businesses surveys
2000-2004 2005-2008
3
15
9
22 2
5
75 surveys from 17 countries http://www.eclac.org/tic/flash/
� Allowing to create crossAllowing to create crossAllowing to create crossAllowing to create cross----tabulated queriestabulated queriestabulated queriestabulated queries using harmonized using harmonized using harmonized using harmonized variables of ICT and sociovariables of ICT and sociovariables of ICT and sociovariables of ICT and socio----demographic and economicdemographic and economicdemographic and economicdemographic and economic
� To combine queries for various countries at the same timeTo combine queries for various countries at the same timeTo combine queries for various countries at the same timeTo combine queries for various countries at the same time
http://www.eclac.org/tic/flash/
III. Statistics and Indicators for the III. Statistics and Indicators for the digital inclusiondigital inclusion
Households with Internet access by zone
Source: author’s elaboration based on the OSILAC - ICT Statistical Information System and Eurostat – Data Explorer
2322
1817
14 13
10
5 5 5 4 31
2 36 4 4
1 1
20 19
12
16
10 9 7
3 3 3 3 2 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
BRA
07
CHL
06
MEX
07
URY
07
CRI
05
PAN
07
ECU
08
BOL
07
HND
07
PRY
07
SLV
07
GTM
06
NIC
06
Urban Rural Total
58 58
45
54
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
EU27
2007
Densely populated area
Intermediate urbanized area
Sparsely populated area
Total
Households with Internet access by income
Source: author’s elaboration based on the OSILAC - ICT Statistical Information System and Eurostat – Data Explorer
52
42 41
37
2927
21
14 1211 10
7
2
24
1720
119
7 6
2 2 2 2 1 0
14
10 118
4 42
1 0 0 1 0 0
6 6 5 42 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
24
2
31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
BRA
07
CHL
06
URY
07
MEX
07
CRI
05
PAN
07
ECU
08
BOL
07
PRY
07
SLV
07
HND
07
GTM
06
NIC
06
Quintil 5 Quintil 4 Quintil 3 Quintil 2 Quintil 1
87
72
51
33
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
EU Avg 13 countries
2007
Quartile 4 Quartile 3
Quartile 2 Quartile 1
ICT penetration in Latin America and in the European Union - 27
Source: author’s elaboration based on the ITU data “World Telecomunications Indicators Database“ (2008).
Internet usage by gender
Source: author’s elaboration based on the OSILAC - ICT Statistical Information System and Eurostat – Data Explorer
Source: author’s elaboration based on the OSILAC - ICT Statistical Information System and Eurostat – Data Explorer
Internet activities undertaken by individuals
Source: author’s elaboration based on the OSILAC - ICT Statistical Information System and Eurostat – Data Explorer
Location of individual use of the Internet
IV. Conclusions and final IV. Conclusions and final reflectionsreflections
Conclusions and final reflections
� With more or less intensity, countries in the region have With more or less intensity, countries in the region have With more or less intensity, countries in the region have With more or less intensity, countries in the region have been incorporating ICT into all aspects of daily life, as a been incorporating ICT into all aspects of daily life, as a been incorporating ICT into all aspects of daily life, as a been incorporating ICT into all aspects of daily life, as a means for political and sociomeans for political and sociomeans for political and sociomeans for political and socio----economic developmenteconomic developmenteconomic developmenteconomic development
� Social and economic factors are still determining Internet Social and economic factors are still determining Internet Social and economic factors are still determining Internet Social and economic factors are still determining Internet access in the LAC region, particularly the level of access in the LAC region, particularly the level of access in the LAC region, particularly the level of access in the LAC region, particularly the level of education, income and geographical location (mainly rural education, income and geographical location (mainly rural education, income and geographical location (mainly rural education, income and geographical location (mainly rural or urban)or urban)or urban)or urban)
� The gap increases as technology becomes more complex The gap increases as technology becomes more complex The gap increases as technology becomes more complex The gap increases as technology becomes more complex and costly for the user, such as broadbandand costly for the user, such as broadbandand costly for the user, such as broadbandand costly for the user, such as broadband
Conclusions and final reflections
� Closing the access gap is a major challenge in public Closing the access gap is a major challenge in public Closing the access gap is a major challenge in public Closing the access gap is a major challenge in public policies related to emerging new technologiespolicies related to emerging new technologiespolicies related to emerging new technologiespolicies related to emerging new technologies
� The region faces a considerable difference in access The region faces a considerable difference in access The region faces a considerable difference in access The region faces a considerable difference in access between the richest segment of the population and the between the richest segment of the population and the between the richest segment of the population and the between the richest segment of the population and the poorest, which could be reduced through various types of poorest, which could be reduced through various types of poorest, which could be reduced through various types of poorest, which could be reduced through various types of policiespoliciespoliciespolicies
� As for the geographical gap, especially with regards to As for the geographical gap, especially with regards to As for the geographical gap, especially with regards to As for the geographical gap, especially with regards to the extremely low levels of access in rural areas, the extremely low levels of access in rural areas, the extremely low levels of access in rural areas, the extremely low levels of access in rural areas, expanding networks, both private and public, is still expanding networks, both private and public, is still expanding networks, both private and public, is still expanding networks, both private and public, is still necessarynecessarynecessarynecessary
� The gap on Internet use is more difficult to close, since it The gap on Internet use is more difficult to close, since it The gap on Internet use is more difficult to close, since it The gap on Internet use is more difficult to close, since it is directly linked to education, income and culture, among is directly linked to education, income and culture, among is directly linked to education, income and culture, among is directly linked to education, income and culture, among othersothersothersothers
Conclusions and final reflections
� In most LAC countries, commercial Internet access In most LAC countries, commercial Internet access In most LAC countries, commercial Internet access In most LAC countries, commercial Internet access facilities are the most important locale for Internet use facilities are the most important locale for Internet use facilities are the most important locale for Internet use facilities are the most important locale for Internet use
� For the poorest quintiles, shared access seems to be the For the poorest quintiles, shared access seems to be the For the poorest quintiles, shared access seems to be the For the poorest quintiles, shared access seems to be the only viable solution to Internet access, especially only viable solution to Internet access, especially only viable solution to Internet access, especially only viable solution to Internet access, especially considering that the value of equipment and connection considering that the value of equipment and connection considering that the value of equipment and connection considering that the value of equipment and connection are still too high in relation to the perare still too high in relation to the perare still too high in relation to the perare still too high in relation to the per----capitacapitacapitacapita----income in the income in the income in the income in the region. region. region. region.
� Regarding the activities undertaken by individuals in the Regarding the activities undertaken by individuals in the Regarding the activities undertaken by individuals in the Regarding the activities undertaken by individuals in the LAC region, we see that education needs to be prioritized, LAC region, we see that education needs to be prioritized, LAC region, we see that education needs to be prioritized, LAC region, we see that education needs to be prioritized, in order to take the use of the network beyond in order to take the use of the network beyond in order to take the use of the network beyond in order to take the use of the network beyond communication and leisure in favour of more sophisticated communication and leisure in favour of more sophisticated communication and leisure in favour of more sophisticated communication and leisure in favour of more sophisticated activities that could effectively mean better education, job activities that could effectively mean better education, job activities that could effectively mean better education, job activities that could effectively mean better education, job opportunities and quality of life. opportunities and quality of life. opportunities and quality of life. opportunities and quality of life.
Conclusions and final reflections
� Further efforts to produce ICTFurther efforts to produce ICTFurther efforts to produce ICTFurther efforts to produce ICT----accessaccessaccessaccess----andandandand----use indicators use indicators use indicators use indicators are therefore essential in order to assess current dynamics are therefore essential in order to assess current dynamics are therefore essential in order to assess current dynamics are therefore essential in order to assess current dynamics and determine the real digital divide and stage of ICT and determine the real digital divide and stage of ICT and determine the real digital divide and stage of ICT and determine the real digital divide and stage of ICT evolution in the countries of the region. evolution in the countries of the region. evolution in the countries of the region. evolution in the countries of the region.
� Analysis of the impact of ICT on different sectors of society Analysis of the impact of ICT on different sectors of society Analysis of the impact of ICT on different sectors of society Analysis of the impact of ICT on different sectors of society is crucial to elaborating accurate policies for the is crucial to elaborating accurate policies for the is crucial to elaborating accurate policies for the is crucial to elaborating accurate policies for the information society. This is especially important for information society. This is especially important for information society. This is especially important for information society. This is especially important for identifying how ICT can accelerate the dissemination of identifying how ICT can accelerate the dissemination of identifying how ICT can accelerate the dissemination of identifying how ICT can accelerate the dissemination of knowledge. knowledge. knowledge. knowledge.
� In this way, tools such as the OSILAC Statistical In this way, tools such as the OSILAC Statistical In this way, tools such as the OSILAC Statistical In this way, tools such as the OSILAC Statistical Information System on ICT are crucial to the development Information System on ICT are crucial to the development Information System on ICT are crucial to the development Information System on ICT are crucial to the development of public policies in the region.of public policies in the region.of public policies in the region.of public policies in the region.
� There has been great progress in the region, but much There has been great progress in the region, but much There has been great progress in the region, but much There has been great progress in the region, but much remains to be done remains to be done remains to be done remains to be done
� It is important to keep on discussing the importance of It is important to keep on discussing the importance of It is important to keep on discussing the importance of It is important to keep on discussing the importance of harmonized indicators for the development of public policies harmonized indicators for the development of public policies harmonized indicators for the development of public policies harmonized indicators for the development of public policies and national strategiesand national strategiesand national strategiesand national strategies
� It is necessary to elaborate new ICT indicators (impact, eIt is necessary to elaborate new ICT indicators (impact, eIt is necessary to elaborate new ICT indicators (impact, eIt is necessary to elaborate new ICT indicators (impact, e----government, egovernment, egovernment, egovernment, e----health etc) that allow the monitoring of health etc) that allow the monitoring of health etc) that allow the monitoring of health etc) that allow the monitoring of initiatives like the Plan of Action eLAC2010 initiatives like the Plan of Action eLAC2010 initiatives like the Plan of Action eLAC2010 initiatives like the Plan of Action eLAC2010
� Resources are scarce and financing ICT surveys is not Resources are scarce and financing ICT surveys is not Resources are scarce and financing ICT surveys is not Resources are scarce and financing ICT surveys is not always possiblealways possiblealways possiblealways possible
� Seeking synergies and coordination among and between Seeking synergies and coordination among and between Seeking synergies and coordination among and between Seeking synergies and coordination among and between institutions is the only efficient way to work towards institutions is the only efficient way to work towards institutions is the only efficient way to work towards institutions is the only efficient way to work towards achieving common goalsachieving common goalsachieving common goalsachieving common goals
Way forward
Thanks for your attention
Innovation and ICT Unit
Division of Production, Productivity and Management (DPPM)
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
http://www.cepal.org/socinfo/
