Progress with Laser Plasma Acceleration and Prospects of LPA HEP Colliders
Wim LeemansLOASIS Program and BELLA Team
APS-DPF MeetingAugust 12, 2011
http://loasis.lbl.gov/
Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryUC Berkeley
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SLAC 50 GeV
7 TeVLHC
Accelerators: drivers for science
DNA
2 GeV
X-rays
Laser plasma acceleration enables development of “compact” accelerators
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m-scale
100 micron-scale
10 – 40 MV/m
10 – 100 GV/m
Plasmas sustain extreme fields => compact acceleratorsCan this technology be developed for energy frontier machines, light sources, medical or homeland security applications?
ΔW=Ez x L
Wish list for an e+ - e- TeV collider ...
Energy = O(1 TeV, c.m.)Length = O(soccer field)
Ez = O(10 GV/m)
Luminosity > 1034 cm-2 s-1
Cost = Affordable
Beam power, beam quality
Wall plug efficiency, technology choice
Key technical challenges for Laser Plasma Accelerators
Multi-GeV beams
Lasers: high average power
Modeling
High quality beams
laserlaser
Staging, optimized structures10-100 TW
Diagnostics/Radiation sources
PW-classBELLA
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Channel guided laser plasma accelerators have produced up to GeV beams from cm-scale structures
C. G. R. Geddes,et al, Nature,431, p538 (2004)S. Mangles et al., Nature 431, p535 (2004)J. Faure et al., Nature 431, p541 (2004)
2004 result: 10 TW laser, mm-scale plasma
2006 result: 40 TW laser, cm-scale plasma
W.P. Leemans et. al, Nature Physics 2, p696 (2006)K. Nakamura et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 056708 (2007)
1.1 GeV<2.9%<1 mrad10-30 pC
~100 MeV
A GeV module…
Electrons surfing on a wave: controlled injection
Injected Electrons Injected Out of PhaseSelf Injection
Trapping requires:-Tsunami- Boost electrons or slow down wave
Longitudinal density tailoring allows trapping control
S.V. Bulanov et al., PRL 78, (1997); Geddes et al., PRL V 100, 215004 (2008); A.J. Gonsalves et al., submitted (2010)
Practical implementation of combined injector and acceleration stage
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Laser
Injector Acceleration section0.1-1 GeV
3 cm
Supersonic gas jet embedded into capillary
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Tunable electron beams produced with jet+capillary module using laser focus control
A.J. Gonsalves et al.,accepted Nature Physics
Jet density 7 × 1018 cm−3
Capillary density 1.8 × 1018 cm−3, a0~1.5
Energy variation for fixed focus <1.9 % rmsDivergence change < 0.57 mrad rms
Energy variation < 2 % rmsCharge variation < 6 % rmsDivergence change < 0.57 mrad rms
Electron beam can be steered using plasma channel alignment
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5
-6
0
θ cap (m
rad)
θcap
laser axis
capillary axis
High
Center
Low
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Techniques for improving beam quality, reproducibility, control being improved
‣Tunable energy, low ΔE/Elaser e- beam
Coherent Optical Transition Radiation
‣Beam detection and transport‣Emittance control via laser modeLaser EtransElong
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First XUV light observed from LPA beam through THUNDER undulator
e-beamfrom LPA imaged with quadrupole magnets
~ 7.5 meter
UndulatorMagnetic spectrometerXUV
spectrometerBeam diagnostics
XUV light Electron beam spectra~40 nm
Key technical challenges for Laser Plasma Accelerators
Multi-GeV beams
Lasers: high average power
Modeling
High quality beams
laserlaser
Staging, optimized structures10-100 TW
Diagnostics/Radiation sources
PW-class
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Staging: solving the issue of depletion of laser energy
Injector+capillary
Structure-to-structure
laser
laser
Staging
Experiments underway at LBNL Key technology for collider
Plasma mirror
Regular mirror
Mirr
or S
ize (m
eter
)Damage threshold sets mirror size
Power (TW)
Renewable mirrors
or tape
LPA 1 LPA 2
Key technical challenges for Laser Plasma Accelerators
Multi-GeV beams
Lasers: high average power
Modeling
High quality beams
laserlaser
Staging, optimized structures10-100 TW
Diagnostics/Radiation sources
PW-class
C.B. Schroeder et al., PRSTAB 2010
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BELLA Facility: state-of-the-art PW-laser for laser accelerator science
BELLA LaserControl Room Gowning Room
Compressor
Plasma source 10˚ Off-axis parabolaHigh power diagnostic
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Amp2 (22 J) accepted – June 2011
BELLA Laser System Status – 2011 Summer
12 Gaia-s operational in laser room – July 2011
Amp3 (61 J) components installed – July 2011
Compressor chamber manufactured – July 2011
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Petawatt, 1 Hz BELLA laser enables R&D on 10 GeV collider module
< 100 cm1000 TW40 fs
e- beam~10 GeVLaser
• Accelerator science studies - 10 GeV Module for collider, (10 GeV, beam optimization, efficiency etc…)- Positron production; plasma wakefield acceleration, etc...• Applications:- Hyperspectral radiation: coherent THz; X-ray FEL driver- Detector testing; Non-linear QED
2013 Experiments
Lorentz boosted frame simulationFull 1 m BELLA stage -- major advance
Courtesy of J.-L. Vay
Key technical challenges for Laser Plasma Accelerators
Multi-GeV beams
Lasers: high average power
Modeling
High quality beams
laserlaser
Staging, optimized structures10-100 TW
Diagnostics/Radiation sources
PW-class
Laser plasma
accelerator (today)
Collider(>20 yrs)
Lightsource
(10 yrs)
Security Apps
(5-10 yrs)
Medical(10 yrs)
Laser developmen
t
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1 TeV case: 420 kW/laser, 13 kHz (32 J/pulse) with 30% wall plug efficiency and we need 100 of them
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Laser technology: key component for sustained progress
• How to reach laser average power levels needed for science apps?
• Develop roadmap for science and technology to develop next generation lasers:
–Important for accelerators (see Accelerators for America’s Future document)
–Unique differences between lasers for defense and for science
–Will require major research investment at National Labs, Universities and Industry with potential for international collaborations
–ICFA-ICUIL Joint Taskforce for roadmap development
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Novel lasers and materials are being developed
‣Amplifiers
- Rods, slabs, discs and fibers
‣Materials for amplifiers, mirrors and compressor gratings
- Ceramics and diamond
- Nano-fabricated structures
‣Diodes and small quantum defect materials
O(10 kW) fibers (CW power) reality now!
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Major investments- Example: European Extreme Light Infrastructure- Four pillars (three funded at 790Meuro):1. attosecond and XUV science: Hungary2. High-brightness x-ray and particle sources: Czech Republic3. Photo-nuclear science, transmutation,...: Romania4. Ultra-high intensity science (non-lin QED): Russia ???
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Conclusion‣ Laser plasma accelerator science is vibrant
- GeV beam demonstrated with %-level energy spread- BELLA facility aims at 10 GeV in 1 meter- FEL proof-of-principle experiments towards Light Source Facility- Gamma-ray sources, medical and other applications
‣ Collider is still far off but basic concepts are being developed:- Operation in quasi-linear regime for e- and e+ acceleration
- Transverse control of plasma profile for guiding laser beam- Injection control and efficiency optimization:
- Longitudinal control of plasma profile- Laser mode control allows emittance control
- Low emittance observed -- FEL experiment will be litmus test
‣ Laser technology must undergo revolution towards high average power
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Team, collaborators and fundingPrimary collaboratorsPostdocs
K. Nakamura (E)M. Chen (S)C. Benedetti (S+T)T. Sokollik (E)
StudentsM. Bakeman (PhD) -- graduated 2011C. Lin (PhD) -- graduated 2011R. Mittal (PhD)G. Plateau (PhD) -- graduating 2011S. Shiraishi (PhD)D. Mittelberger (PhD)C. Koschitzki (PhD)B. Shaw (PhD)L. Yu (PhD)
StaffS. Bulanov (T, UCB)E. Esarey (T)C. Geddes (S+E)A. Gonsalves (E)W. Leemans (E)N. Matlis (E)C. Schroeder (T)C. Toth (E)J. van Tilborg (E)
Eng/TechsR. DuarteZ. EisentrautA. MaganaS. FournierD. MunsonK. SihlerD. SyversrudN. Ybarrolaza
• LBNL: M. Battaglia, W. Byrne, J. Byrd, W. Fawley, K. Robinson, D. Rodgers, R. Donahue, Al Smith, R. Ryne.
• TechX-Corp: J. Cary, D. Bruhwiler, et al. SciDAC team
• Oxford Univ.: S. Hooker et al.• DESY/Hamburg: F. Gruener et al.• GSI: T. Stoehlker, D. Thorn• Trieste: F. Parmigiani
BELLA Team membersS. ZimmermannJ. CoyneD. LockhartG. SanenS. Walker-LamK. Barat