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Progressive Era:Progressive Era:THE AGE OF THE CITYTHE AGE OF THE CITY
America begins life as an America begins life as an agrarianagrarian society but rapidly society but rapidly begins to begins to urbanize.urbanize.
TopicsTopics UrbanizationUrbanization Population GrowthPopulation Growth Immigration and MigrationsImmigration and Migrations The Ethnic CityThe Ethnic City Urban LandscapeUrban Landscape 1) Public Space1) Public Space 2) Housing2) Housing Problems of Urban LifeProblems of Urban Life Political MachinesPolitical Machines Mass ConsumptionMass Consumption LeisureLeisure Culture in the CityCulture in the City
The Lure of the City:The Lure of the City:page 500 page 500 ““We cannot all live in cities. Yet nearly We cannot all live in cities. Yet nearly
all seemed determined to do so.” all seemed determined to do so.”
Horace GreelyHorace Greely More and better- paying jobsMore and better- paying jobs ImmigrantsImmigrants Better transportationBetter transportation Declining farm regions of east Declining farm regions of east
West, cities of midwest and eastWest, cities of midwest and east
Population GrowthPopulation Growth
Total ImmigrationTotal Immigration
Sources of Immigration Sources of Immigration from Europe from Europe 1860 - 19001860 - 1900
African-American African-American MigrationMigration
The Ethnic CityThe Ethnic City::Milwaukee, WI 1850 - Milwaukee, WI 1850 -
1890 1890
Immigrants in the CityImmigrants in the City
Benefits of ethnic neighborhoodsBenefits of ethnic neighborhoods Those who arrived with a skill did Those who arrived with a skill did
better than those who did notbetter than those who did not Strength of ethnic ties vs. Strength of ethnic ties vs.
assimilationassimilation African – Americans, Asians and African – Americans, Asians and
Mexicans suffered the most Mexicans suffered the most discriminationdiscrimination
Changing Gender PatternsChanging Gender Patterns
The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape: : A study in contrastsA study in contrasts
The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape::Public SpacePublic Space Reformers, Reformers,
planners and planners and architects call for architects call for more ordered more ordered vision of the cityvision of the city
City PlanningCity Planning: : parks, libraries, parks, libraries, museums museums
Need for Need for Urban Urban PlanningPlanning becomes becomes evident as wellevident as well
The Urban Landscape 1850’sThe Urban Landscape 1850’s: : Central ParkCentral Park: Olmstead and : Olmstead and VauxVaux
Housing the Well -to -Housing the Well -to -dodo Due to cheap Due to cheap
labor, easy labor, easy access to tools access to tools more people are more people are able to buy able to buy homeshomes
Beacon Hill, Nob Beacon Hill, Nob Hill, Society Hill, Hill, Society Hill, Fifth AveFifth Ave
Housing Workers and the Housing Workers and the Poor: Poor: TenementsTenements
How the Other Half How the Other Half Lives(1890)Lives(1890)::
Jacob Riis documents slum lifeJacob Riis documents slum life
The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape::Urban TransportationUrban Transportation
The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape: : Population changes with Population changes with transportationtransportation
The Urban LandscapeThe Urban Landscape: : Cities grow upward as well as Cities grow upward as well as outwardoutward
Steel girder Steel girder constructionconstruction
Louis SullivanLouis Sullivan Frank Lloyd Frank Lloyd
Wright will later Wright will later apply techniques apply techniques to shorter to shorter buildingsbuildings
Problems of Urban LifeProblems of Urban Life
FiresFires Disease –typhoid, cholera due to Disease –typhoid, cholera due to
poor sanitationpoor sanitation Air pollutionAir pollution PovertyPoverty High crime rates High crime rates
Great Chicago Fire 1871: Great Chicago Fire 1871: supposedly started by “Mrs. supposedly started by “Mrs. O’Leary’s Cow”O’Leary’s Cow”
Whole midwest Whole midwest was very drywas very dry
Streets were Streets were made of wood made of wood which helped fire which helped fire spreadspread
4 miles long area 4 miles long area burnedburned
The Aftermath of the The Aftermath of the Great Chicago FireGreat Chicago Fire
The LegendThe Legend
DiseaseDisease
Sanitation Sanitation standards were standards were lowlow
Raw sewage in the Raw sewage in the streets streets contaminated the contaminated the waterwater
Sewer systems not Sewer systems not complete until into complete until into the 20the 20thth century. century.
Urban PovertyUrban Poverty
Private and public Private and public agencies offered agencies offered limited relief, limited relief, thinking it would thinking it would cause dependencecause dependence
Salvation ArmySalvation Army Idea of self-Idea of self-
improvement improvement limited attention limited attention to sources of to sources of povertypoverty
Fear of the City/Crime Fear of the City/Crime and Violenceand Violence High crime ratesHigh crime rates AlienatingAlienating AnonymousAnonymous Limited Limited
connection with connection with workwork
Sister CarrieSister Carrie
The The Political MachinePolitical Machine and the Bossand the Boss Became a source Became a source
of assistance for of assistance for new immigrants, new immigrants, those who needed those who needed jobs and those in jobs and those in trouble with the trouble with the law- often in return law- often in return for votes.for votes.
Would give Would give supporters supporters government jobsgovernment jobs
Political MachinesPolitical Machines
The Rise of The Rise of Mass ConsumptionMass Consumption
Coincides with the rise Coincides with the rise of the of the middle class middle class = = demand for productsdemand for products
Chain stores, mail Chain stores, mail order productsorder products
WoolworthWoolworth The A & P The A & P Goods no longer being Goods no longer being
made at home, but made at home, but instead purchased in instead purchased in the consumer the consumer economyeconomy
Leisure: Thanks to the Leisure: Thanks to the 8 hour workday8 hour workday
Leisure : Sports: Leisure : Sports: Football:Football:originated in originated in universitiesuniversities
Baseball: The Baseball: The American National American National GameGame Baseball clubs Baseball clubs 1903: First 1903: First
modern World modern World Series. Red Sox Series. Red Sox beat the beat the Pittsburg PiratesPittsburg Pirates
Working class Working class gamegame
Mass communicationMass communication
Newspapers become more Newspapers become more importantimportant
American journalism becomes a American journalism becomes a professionprofession