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Progressive MovementResponse to Industrial Revolution
The Gilded Age Term coined by Mark Twain
satirized an era of serious social problems disguised by a thin gold gilding
Great wealth alongside poverty and difficult living conditions
Money led to corruption and dishonesty
Political Corruption
Political Machines Ballot box stuffing Bribery Allowed groups to gain control of and influence local
governments
Tammany Ring in New York City Run by “bosses” such as Boss Tweed Exchanged jobs for support Stole money to line own pockets
Corruption at ALL levels Political corruption extended to the Washington
Ulysses S. Grant Federal officials took bribes from whiskey makers in
exchange for not paying taxes
Congress took bribes from Union Pacific Railroad
Ended the ‘spoils system’
Progressives Respond
Fought to eliminate CAUSES of problems Crime Disease Poverty Better working conditions Education Improve sanitation
Muckrakers
Thomas Nast Political Cartoonist Attacked Boss Tween
Lincoln Steffens Wrote for McClure’s Magazine “The Shame of the Cities”
Exposed corruption in many major cities in America
Upton Sinclair “The Jungle” Unsanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry
Successes
City planning Safer buildings and public
parks
Civil engineering Improved transportation
Sanitation engineers Pollution, waste disposal and
clean water
Education Kindergarten Medical Schools
Central Park-New York City
Voting Reform
Seventeenth Amendment – 1913
Recall ability Collect signatures of ~25% of people who voted FOR
official being “recalled” Mayors, Governors (2 all time), Senators etc.
Initiative Way to bypass legislature
Referendum Way to approve or repeal legislature
City Government Many local governments were
reformed
Commission Government Elected officials run each system
Council-Manager City is run like a business People elect a city council or
“board of directors” City Council appoints a
manager to run the city
Child labor Boys would sell newspapers and shine shoes Girls worked at home cooking, cleaning and sewing Children provided cheap labor for manufacturers In 1900 1.75 MILLION kids under 15
Textile mills Mining Factories
Reforming the workplace
Work place conditions Are you safe?
No protection against fires and machines
Physical labor was actually PHYSICAL
No Air Conditioning or heat
No air filters
Long hours = little pay
Rights of Women and Minorities Women fought for suffrage and
Temperance Suffrage means ____________ Women were getting educated 1890 Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho and Utah
granted suffrage to women 1919 the 19th Amendment passed
Temperance: avoidance of alcohol Many people blamed alcohol for the ills of
society Carry Nation: axe wielding prohibitionist who
smashed salons and liquor bottles in Kansas