Progressive Presidents Continued

Mrs. Sadler 2010

So…does TR deserve the spot?

Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt

William Howard Taft

Taft and Domestic Reform

• Used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to prosecute Monopolies

• Endorsed 8 Hour Work Day

• Prosecuted US Steel in 1910

• Preferred not to Bypass Congress like TR

• Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act – betrayed progressives – supposed to lower tariffs but actually raised them on some goods.

How do people acquire companies?

• Purchase out right (but need lots of ready cash)

• Purchase majority of company stocks (51% = control of the company)

• Hostile takeovers

• Rockefeller and others created their monopolies this way

Taft as a Progressive Reformer

• Children’s Bureau in Dept. of Labor

• Federal Income Tax (16th Amendment)

• Direct Election of Senators (17th Amend)

• Restored Land for Conservation

• Took on 80 Anti-Trust Prosecutions

Robert Lafollette• Governor of Wisconsin

• Progressive – open up the political process to be more democratic, end to political machines

• Transparency

• Wisconsin - Laboratory of Democracy

1912 - TR and Bull Moose Party

• Republicans not progressive enough.

• Starts own party.

Americanization

• Citizens worried that immigrants were diluting American culture and society

• Ways of Americanizing/forced assimilation– Use public schools to make immigrant children

American– English only– Citizenship– Civics classes in factories/work places

Warm up

• What was notable about Taft’s presidency?

Woodrow Wilson

The Election of 1912

• Taft-Republican

• Wilson- Democrat

• Theodore Roosevelt- Progressive or Bull Moose Party

• Eugene Debs- Socialist Party

Wilson’s New Freedoms

• Lowering Tariffs

• Breaking up the power of Wall Street

• Control Business and break up the trusts

TR’s New Nationalism

• Regulate, not destroy, Big Business

• More Direct Democracy in Politics

• More Government Social Justice Programs

The Election of 1912

• Teddy splits Republican votes.

• Democrat Wilson wins.

Significance of Election of 1912

• Featured All Progressives

• First Election to feature direct primaries

• Gave Democrats national power

• Return of the South as national power

• Reformers switch to the Democratic Party (still associated with that party today)

Woodrow Wilson

Wilson’s Legacy• Tariff reform – lowers because he believes greater

competition will improve American prices @ cheaper prices

• Income tax based on individual/corporate earnings

• Established Federal Reserve System to monitor interest rates and amount of money in circulation.

• Federal Trade Commission (FTC) – monitors business

• Clayton Anti-trust Act – legalized trade unions

Wilson & Women’s Suffrage

• Women did not think he was doing enough.

• 1916 - National Women’s Party formed to force Wilson to take action.

• Alice Paul - NWP

Carrie Chapman Catt

• Suffragette

• Founded NAWSA – National American Women’s Suffrage Association

Legacy of Progressivism

• Ends with advent of WWI

• Never helped black people

• Greater role for government at every level; local, state, and national

Guess Who?

• Former governor of California, progressive, Bull Moose Party V.P. Candidate?

Hiram Johnson

Guess Who?

• Big name in labor relations and labor union

• Legacy - Arbitration

Samuel Gompers

Guess Who?

• Suffragette, founded National Women’s Party, used protest to get Wilson’s attention

Alice Paul

Guess who?

• America’s Herbert Spencer, avid Social Darwinist?

• Worked with Spencer Herbert

William Graham Sumner

Guess Who?

• Preacher, former baseball player, Leader of Temperance Movement

Billy Sunday

Guess Who?

• Preacher, Publisher, started Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), popularized gospel music

Dwight L. Moody

What is the difference?

• Social Gospel

• Gospel of Wealth