| Date post: | 17-Dec-2015 |
| Category: |
Documents |
| Upload: | ella-cunningham |
| View: | 215 times |
| Download: | 0 times |
Prohibition In the U.S. Ends! (1933) Reading for NEXT Tuesday: Chapter 7 sections 1-3 Homework 6 – Due Tuesday 2/24/15
Chapter 6 #'s 8, 10, 12, 22, 26, 30, 32, 34, 36, 48, 50, 54, 58, 60, 63, 64, 71-74 (all) (only assignment from chapter 6)
Exam 1 ThursdayQuiz 2 the following Tuesday
IONS!!
Atoms vs. IonsAtoms are NEUTRAL!!!!!
This means that they have zero charge#p+ = #e-
Charge!!!
e- = -1p+ = 1 +
0
47 e- = -4747 p+ = 47 +
0
When #p+ = #e-, the atom has no charge and is neutral
Atoms vs. IonsAtoms can gain or lose e- to form IONS
ANY charged particle is called an ionLosing e- gives POSITIVELY charge
10 e- =11 e- =
Charge!!!
When an atom LOSES electrons
-1011 p+ = 11
+1
Atoms vs. IonsAtoms can gain or lose e- to form IONS
ANY charged particle is called an ionLosing e- gives POSITIVELY charge
Called cationsUsually formed from metals
Gaining e- gives a NEGATIVELY charged ion
Atoms vs. IonsAtoms can gain or lose e- to form IONS
ANY charged particle is called an ionLosing e- gives POSITIVELY charge
Called cationsUsually formed from metals
Gaining e- gives a NEGATIVELY charged ionCalled anionsUsually formed from non-metals
10 e- =
Charge!!!
When an atom LOSES electrons
-1011 p+ = 11
+1
16 e- =18 e- = -18
16 p+ = 16
-2
When an atom GAINS electrons
Atoms vs. IonsAtoms can gain or lose e- to form IONS
ANY charged particle is called an ionLosing e- gives POSITIVELY charge
Called cationsUsually formed from metals
Gaining e- gives a NEGATIVELY charged ionCalled anionsUsually formed from non-metals
++ + ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
+
15 protonsHow many electrons are needed to be neutral?
++ + ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
+
-
-
15 protons 2 electrons
++ + ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
+
- -
-
-- -
-
-
-
-
15 protons 10 electrons
++ + ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
+
-
- -
-
-- -
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
15 protons
15 electrons
Total charge = 0Stable!!!
++ + ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
+
-
- -
-
-- -
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
Valence electrons are the outermost electrons
15 protons18 electrons
Total charge = p+ - e- = 15 – 18 = -3
++ + ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
+
-
- -
-
-- -
-
-
--
-
-
-
-
-
--
Stable!!
12 protonsHow many electrons are needed to be neutral?
+ ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
12 protons 2 electrons
+ ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
-
-
12 protons 10 electrons
+ ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
- -
-
-- -
-
-
-
-
12 protons12 electrons
Total charge = 0
+ ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
-
- -
-
-- -
-
--
-
-
STABLE!
+ ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
-
- -
-
-- -
-
--
-
-
12 protons 10 electronsTotal charge = p+ - e- = 12 – 10 = +2
+ ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
- -
-
-- -
-
-
-
-
12 protons
10 electrons
Total charge = p+ - e- = 12 – 10 = +2
+ ++ + ++ + + ++ + +
- -
-
-- -
-
-
-
-
STABLE!
1) number of protons and electrons are equal
Quick Rehash…
atoms are stable when:
2) when the valence shell is full
e- are found in shells outside the nucleus
atoms will either gain or lose valence electrons in order to have a full outer shell
e- are found in shells outside the nucleus
1) number of protons and electrons are equal
2) when the valence shell is full
atoms will either gain or lose valence electrons in order to have a full outer shellatoms will either gain or lose valence electrons in order to have a full outer shell
valence shells hold up to 8 electrons, except for the first shell, which only holds 2 electrons.valence shells hold up to 8 electrons, except for the first shell, which only holds 2 electrons.valence shells hold up to 8 electrons, except for the first shell, which only holds 2 electrons.valence shells hold up to 8 electronsvalence shells hold up to 8 electrons
Calculating Charge of an Ion#p+ - #e- = ionic charge
Atom of chlorine: 17 p+ 17 e-- = 0 charge
Ion of chlorine: 17 p+ 18 e-- = -1 charge
Atom of nitrogen: 7 p+ 7 e-- = 0 charge
Ion of nitrogen: 7 p+ 10 e-- = -3 charge
Atom of strontium: 38 p+ 38 e-- = 0 charge
Ion of strontium: 38 p+ 36 e-- = +2 charge
A Bit of ReviewValence electrons
Most atoms will gain or lose electrons in order to get a full valence electron shell
The number of valence electrons in a neutral atom can be found from the periodic table!!
1H
1.013
Li6.9411
Na22.99
19K
39.1037
Rb85.47
55Cs
132.9187Fr
(223)
4Be9.0112
Mg24.31
20Ca40.08
38Sr
87.6256Ba
137.3388
Ra(226)
21Sc
44.9639Y
88.9157La
138.9189Ac(227)
22Ti
47.8840Zr
91.2272Hf
178.49104Rf
(261)
23V
50.9441
Nb92.91
73Ta
180.95
24Cr52.00
42Mo95.94
74W
183.85
25Mn54.94
43Tc(99)75Re
186.21
26Fe
55.8544
Ru101.07
76Os190.2
27Co58.93
45Rh
102.9177Ir
192.22
28Ni
58.6946Pd
106.4278Pt
195.08
29Cu63.55
47Ag
107.8779
Au196.97
30Zn65.39
48Cd
112.4180
Hg200.59
5B
10.8113Al
26.9831
Ga69.72
49In
114.8281Tl
204.38
6C
12.0114Si
28.0932
Ge72.61
50Sn
118.7182Pb207.2
7N
14.0115P
30.9733As
74.9251Sb
121.7583Bi
208.98
8O
16.0016S
32.0734Se
78.9652Te
127.6084Po(209)
9F
19.0017Cl
35.4535Br
79.9053I
126.90
10Ne20.18
18Ar39.95
36Kr83.80
54Xe
131.29
2He4.00
58Ce
140.12
59Pr
140.91
60Nd
144.24
61Pm(147)
62Sm
150.36
63Eu
151.97
64Gd
157.25
65Tb
158.93
66Dy
162.50
67Ho
164.93
68Er
167.26
69Tm168.93
70Yb
173.04
71Lu
174.97
85At
(210)
86Rn(222)
90Th(232)
91Pa(231)
92U
(238)
93Np(237)
94Pu(244)
95Am(243)
96Cm(247)
97Bk(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm(257)
101Md(258)
102No(259)
103Lr(260)
105Db(262)
106Sg
(263)
107Bh(262)
108Hs(265)
109Mt(266)
110Ds(271)
111Rg(272)
112--
(277)
114--
(285)
116--
(289)
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
1H
1.013
Li6.9411
Na22.99
19K
39.1037
Rb85.47
55Cs
132.9187Fr
(223)
4Be9.0112
Mg24.31
20Ca40.08
38Sr
87.6256Ba
137.3388
Ra(226)
21Sc
44.9639Y
88.9157La
138.9189Ac(227)
22Ti
47.8840Zr
91.2272Hf
178.49104Rf
(261)
23V
50.9441
Nb92.91
73Ta
180.95
24Cr52.00
42Mo95.94
74W
183.85
25Mn54.94
43Tc(99)75Re
186.21
26Fe
55.8544
Ru101.07
76Os190.2
27Co58.93
45Rh
102.9177Ir
192.22
28Ni
58.6946Pd
106.4278Pt
195.08
29Cu63.55
47Ag
107.8779
Au196.97
30Zn65.39
48Cd
112.4180
Hg200.59
5B
10.8113Al
26.9831
Ga69.72
49In
114.8281Tl
204.38
6C
12.0114Si
28.0932
Ge72.61
50Sn
118.7182Pb207.2
7N
14.0115P
30.9733As
74.9251Sb
121.7583Bi
208.98
8O
16.0016S
32.0734Se
78.9652Te
127.6084Po(209)
9F
19.0017Cl
35.4535Br
79.9053I
126.90
10Ne20.18
18Ar39.95
36Kr83.80
54Xe
131.29
2He4.00
58Ce
140.12
59Pr
140.91
60Nd
144.24
61Pm(147)
62Sm
150.36
63Eu
151.97
64Gd
157.25
65Tb
158.93
66Dy
162.50
67Ho
164.93
68Er
167.26
69Tm168.93
70Yb
173.04
71Lu
174.97
85At
(210)
86Rn(222)
90Th(232)
91Pa(231)
92U
(238)
93Np(237)
94Pu(244)
95Am(243)
96Cm(247)
97Bk(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm(257)
101Md(258)
102No(259)
103Lr(260)
105Db(262)
106Sg
(263)
107Bh(262)
108Hs(265)
109Mt(266)
110Ds(271)
111Rg(272)
112--
(277)
114--
(285)
116--
(289)
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
1H
1.013
Li6.9411
Na22.99
19K
39.1037
Rb85.47
55Cs
132.9187Fr
(223)
4Be9.0112
Mg24.31
20Ca40.08
38Sr
87.6256Ba
137.3388
Ra(226)
21Sc
44.9639Y
88.9157La
138.9189Ac(227)
22Ti
47.8840Zr
91.2272Hf
178.49104Rf
(261)
23V
50.9441
Nb92.91
73Ta
180.95
24Cr52.00
42Mo95.94
74W
183.85
25Mn54.94
43Tc(99)75Re
186.21
26Fe
55.8544
Ru101.07
76Os190.2
27Co58.93
45Rh
102.9177Ir
192.22
28Ni
58.6946Pd
106.4278Pt
195.08
29Cu63.55
47Ag
107.8779
Au196.97
30Zn65.39
48Cd
112.4180
Hg200.59
5B
10.8113Al
26.9831
Ga69.72
49In
114.8281Tl
204.38
6C
12.0114Si
28.0932
Ge72.61
50Sn
118.7182Pb207.2
7N
14.0115P
30.9733As
74.9251Sb
121.7583Bi
208.98
8O
16.0016S
32.0734Se
78.9652Te
127.6084Po(209)
9F
19.0017Cl
35.4535Br
79.9053I
126.90
10Ne20.18
18Ar39.95
36Kr83.80
54Xe
131.29
2He4.00
58Ce
140.12
59Pr
140.91
60Nd
144.24
61Pm(147)
62Sm
150.36
63Eu
151.97
64Gd
157.25
65Tb
158.93
66Dy
162.50
67Ho
164.93
68Er
167.26
69Tm168.93
70Yb
173.04
71Lu
174.97
85At
(210)
86Rn(222)
90Th(232)
91Pa(231)
92U
(238)
93Np(237)
94Pu(244)
95Am(243)
96Cm(247)
97Bk(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm(257)
101Md(258)
102No(259)
103Lr(260)
105Db(262)
106Sg
(263)
107Bh(262)
108Hs(265)
109Mt(266)
110Ds(271)
111Rg(272)
112--
(277)
114--
(285)
116--
(289)
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
1H
1.013
Li6.9411
Na22.99
19K
39.1037
Rb85.47
55Cs
132.9187Fr
(223)
4Be9.0112
Mg24.31
20Ca40.08
38Sr
87.6256Ba
137.3388
Ra(226)
21Sc
44.9639Y
88.9157La
138.9189Ac(227)
22Ti
47.8840Zr
91.2272Hf
178.49104Rf
(261)
23V
50.9441
Nb92.91
73Ta
180.95
24Cr52.00
42Mo95.94
74W
183.85
25Mn54.94
43Tc(99)75Re
186.21
26Fe
55.8544
Ru101.07
76Os190.2
27Co58.93
45Rh
102.9177Ir
192.22
28Ni
58.6946Pd
106.4278Pt
195.08
29Cu63.55
47Ag
107.8779
Au196.97
30Zn65.39
48Cd
112.4180
Hg200.59
5B
10.8113Al
26.9831
Ga69.72
49In
114.8281Tl
204.38
6C
12.0114Si
28.0932
Ge72.61
50Sn
118.7182Pb207.2
7N
14.0115P
30.9733As
74.9251Sb
121.7583Bi
208.98
8O
16.0016S
32.0734Se
78.9652Te
127.6084Po(209)
9F
19.0017Cl
35.4535Br
79.9053I
126.90
10Ne20.18
18Ar39.95
36Kr83.80
54Xe
131.29
2He4.00
58Ce
140.12
59Pr
140.91
60Nd
144.24
61Pm(147)
62Sm
150.36
63Eu
151.97
64Gd
157.25
65Tb
158.93
66Dy
162.50
67Ho
164.93
68Er
167.26
69Tm168.93
70Yb
173.04
71Lu
174.97
85At
(210)
86Rn(222)
90Th(232)
91Pa(231)
92U
(238)
93Np(237)
94Pu(244)
95Am(243)
96Cm(247)
97Bk(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm(257)
101Md(258)
102No(259)
103Lr(260)
105Db(262)
106Sg
(263)
107Bh(262)
108Hs(265)
109Mt(266)
110Ds(271)
111Rg(272)
112--
(277)
114--
(285)
116--
(289)
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
1H
1.013
Li6.9411
Na22.99
19K
39.1037
Rb85.47
55Cs
132.9187Fr
(223)
4Be9.0112
Mg24.31
20Ca40.08
38Sr
87.6256Ba
137.3388
Ra(226)
21Sc
44.9639Y
88.9157La
138.9189Ac(227)
22Ti
47.8840Zr
91.2272Hf
178.49104Rf
(261)
23V
50.9441
Nb92.91
73Ta
180.95
24Cr52.00
42Mo95.94
74W
183.85
25Mn54.94
43Tc(99)75Re
186.21
26Fe
55.8544
Ru101.07
76Os190.2
27Co58.93
45Rh
102.9177Ir
192.22
28Ni
58.6946Pd
106.4278Pt
195.08
29Cu63.55
47Ag
107.8779
Au196.97
30Zn65.39
48Cd
112.4180
Hg200.59
5B
10.8113Al
26.9831
Ga69.72
49In
114.8281Tl
204.38
6C
12.0114Si
28.0932
Ge72.61
50Sn
118.7182Pb207.2
7N
14.0115P
30.9733As
74.9251Sb
121.7583Bi
208.98
8O
16.0016S
32.0734Se
78.9652Te
127.6084Po(209)
9F
19.0017Cl
35.4535Br
79.9053I
126.90
10Ne20.18
18Ar39.95
36Kr83.80
54Xe
131.29
2He4.00
58Ce
140.12
59Pr
140.91
60Nd
144.24
61Pm(147)
62Sm
150.36
63Eu
151.97
64Gd
157.25
65Tb
158.93
66Dy
162.50
67Ho
164.93
68Er
167.26
69Tm168.93
70Yb
173.04
71Lu
174.97
85At
(210)
86Rn(222)
90Th(232)
91Pa(231)
92U
(238)
93Np(237)
94Pu(244)
95Am(243)
96Cm(247)
97Bk(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm(257)
101Md(258)
102No(259)
103Lr(260)
105Db(262)
106Sg
(263)
107Bh(262)
108Hs(265)
109Mt(266)
110Ds(271)
111Rg(272)
112--
(277)
114--
(285)
116--
(289)
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
1H
1.013
Li6.9411
Na22.99
19K
39.1037
Rb85.47
55Cs
132.9187Fr
(223)
4Be9.0112
Mg24.31
20Ca40.08
38Sr
87.6256Ba
137.3388
Ra(226)
21Sc
44.9639Y
88.9157La
138.9189Ac(227)
22Ti
47.8840Zr
91.2272Hf
178.49104Rf
(261)
23V
50.9441
Nb92.91
73Ta
180.95
24Cr52.00
42Mo95.94
74W
183.85
25Mn54.94
43Tc(99)75Re
186.21
26Fe
55.8544
Ru101.07
76Os190.2
27Co58.93
45Rh
102.9177Ir
192.22
28Ni
58.6946Pd
106.4278Pt
195.08
29Cu63.55
47Ag
107.8779
Au196.97
30Zn65.39
48Cd
112.4180
Hg200.59
5B
10.8113Al
26.9831
Ga69.72
49In
114.8281Tl
204.38
6C
12.0114Si
28.0932
Ge72.61
50Sn
118.7182Pb207.2
7N
14.0115P
30.9733As
74.9251Sb
121.7583Bi
208.98
8O
16.0016S
32.0734Se
78.9652Te
127.6084Po(209)
9F
19.0017Cl
35.4535Br
79.9053I
126.90
10Ne20.18
18Ar39.95
36Kr83.80
54Xe
131.29
2He4.00
58Ce
140.12
59Pr
140.91
60Nd
144.24
61Pm(147)
62Sm
150.36
63Eu
151.97
64Gd
157.25
65Tb
158.93
66Dy
162.50
67Ho
164.93
68Er
167.26
69Tm168.93
70Yb
173.04
71Lu
174.97
85At
(210)
86Rn(222)
90Th(232)
91Pa(231)
92U
(238)
93Np(237)
94Pu(244)
95Am(243)
96Cm(247)
97Bk(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm(257)
101Md(258)
102No(259)
103Lr(260)
105Db(262)
106Sg
(263)
107Bh(262)
108Hs(265)
109Mt(266)
110Ds(271)
111Rg(272)
112--
(277)
114--
(285)
116--
(289)
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
1H
1.013
Li6.9411
Na22.99
19K
39.1037
Rb85.47
55Cs
132.9187Fr
(223)
4Be9.0112
Mg24.31
20Ca40.08
38Sr
87.6256Ba
137.3388
Ra(226)
21Sc
44.9639Y
88.9157La
138.9189Ac(227)
22Ti
47.8840Zr
91.2272Hf
178.49104Rf
(261)
23V
50.9441
Nb92.91
73Ta
180.95
24Cr52.00
42Mo95.94
74W
183.85
25Mn54.94
43Tc(99)75Re
186.21
26Fe
55.8544
Ru101.07
76Os190.2
27Co58.93
45Rh
102.9177Ir
192.22
28Ni
58.6946Pd
106.4278Pt
195.08
29Cu63.55
47Ag
107.8779
Au196.97
30Zn65.39
48Cd
112.4180
Hg200.59
5B
10.8113Al
26.9831
Ga69.72
49In
114.8281Tl
204.38
6C
12.0114Si
28.0932
Ge72.61
50Sn
118.7182Pb207.2
7N
14.0115P
30.9733As
74.9251Sb
121.7583Bi
208.98
8O
16.0016S
32.0734Se
78.9652Te
127.6084Po(209)
9F
19.0017Cl
35.4535Br
79.9053I
126.90
10Ne20.18
18Ar39.95
36Kr83.80
54Xe
131.29
2He4.00
58Ce
140.12
59Pr
140.91
60Nd
144.24
61Pm(147)
62Sm
150.36
63Eu
151.97
64Gd
157.25
65Tb
158.93
66Dy
162.50
67Ho
164.93
68Er
167.26
69Tm168.93
70Yb
173.04
71Lu
174.97
85At
(210)
86Rn(222)
90Th(232)
91Pa(231)
92U
(238)
93Np(237)
94Pu(244)
95Am(243)
96Cm(247)
97Bk(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm(257)
101Md(258)
102No(259)
103Lr(260)
105Db(262)
106Sg
(263)
107Bh(262)
108Hs(265)
109Mt(266)
110Ds(271)
111Rg(272)
112--
(277)
114--
(285)
116--
(289)
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
1H
1.013
Li6.9411
Na22.99
19K
39.1037
Rb85.47
55Cs
132.9187Fr
(223)
4Be9.0112
Mg24.31
20Ca40.08
38Sr
87.6256Ba
137.3388
Ra(226)
21Sc
44.9639Y
88.9157La
138.9189Ac(227)
22Ti
47.8840Zr
91.2272Hf
178.49104Rf
(261)
23V
50.9441
Nb92.91
73Ta
180.95
24Cr52.00
42Mo95.94
74W
183.85
25Mn54.94
43Tc(99)75Re
186.21
26Fe
55.8544
Ru101.07
76Os190.2
27Co58.93
45Rh
102.9177Ir
192.22
28Ni
58.6946Pd
106.4278Pt
195.08
29Cu63.55
47Ag
107.8779
Au196.97
30Zn65.39
48Cd
112.4180
Hg200.59
5B
10.8113Al
26.9831
Ga69.72
49In
114.8281Tl
204.38
6C
12.0114Si
28.0932
Ge72.61
50Sn
118.7182Pb207.2
7N
14.0115P
30.9733As
74.9251Sb
121.7583Bi
208.98
8O
16.0016S
32.0734Se
78.9652Te
127.6084Po(209)
9F
19.0017Cl
35.4535Br
79.9053I
126.90
10Ne20.18
18Ar39.95
36Kr83.80
54Xe
131.29
2He4.00
58Ce
140.12
59Pr
140.91
60Nd
144.24
61Pm(147)
62Sm
150.36
63Eu
151.97
64Gd
157.25
65Tb
158.93
66Dy
162.50
67Ho
164.93
68Er
167.26
69Tm168.93
70Yb
173.04
71Lu
174.97
85At
(210)
86Rn(222)
90Th(232)
91Pa(231)
92U
(238)
93Np(237)
94Pu(244)
95Am(243)
96Cm(247)
97Bk(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm(257)
101Md(258)
102No(259)
103Lr(260)
105Db(262)
106Sg
(263)
107Bh(262)
108Hs(265)
109Mt(266)
110Ds(271)
111Rg(272)
112--
(277)
114--
(285)
116--
(289)
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
1H
1.013
Li6.9411
Na22.99
19K
39.1037
Rb85.47
55Cs
132.9187Fr
(223)
4Be9.0112
Mg24.31
20Ca40.08
38Sr
87.6256Ba
137.3388
Ra(226)
21Sc
44.9639Y
88.9157La
138.9189Ac(227)
22Ti
47.8840Zr
91.2272Hf
178.49104Rf
(261)
23V
50.9441
Nb92.91
73Ta
180.95
24Cr52.00
42Mo95.94
74W
183.85
25Mn54.94
43Tc(99)75Re
186.21
26Fe
55.8544
Ru101.07
76Os190.2
27Co58.93
45Rh
102.9177Ir
192.22
28Ni
58.6946Pd
106.4278Pt
195.08
29Cu63.55
47Ag
107.8779
Au196.97
30Zn65.39
48Cd
112.4180
Hg200.59
5B
10.8113Al
26.9831
Ga69.72
49In
114.8281Tl
204.38
6C
12.0114Si
28.0932
Ge72.61
50Sn
118.7182Pb207.2
7N
14.0115P
30.9733As
74.9251Sb
121.7583Bi
208.98
8O
16.0016S
32.0734Se
78.9652Te
127.6084Po(209)
9F
19.0017Cl
35.4535Br
79.9053I
126.90
10Ne20.18
18Ar39.95
36Kr83.80
54Xe
131.29
2He4.00
58Ce
140.12
59Pr
140.91
60Nd
144.24
61Pm(147)
62Sm
150.36
63Eu
151.97
64Gd
157.25
65Tb
158.93
66Dy
162.50
67Ho
164.93
68Er
167.26
69Tm168.93
70Yb
173.04
71Lu
174.97
85At
(210)
86Rn(222)
90Th(232)
91Pa(231)
92U
(238)
93Np(237)
94Pu(244)
95Am(243)
96Cm(247)
97Bk(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm(257)
101Md(258)
102No(259)
103Lr(260)
105Db(262)
106Sg
(263)
107Bh(262)
108Hs(265)
109Mt(266)
110Ds(271)
111Rg(272)
112--
(277)
114--
(285)
116--
(289)
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
1H
1.013
Li6.9411
Na22.99
19K
39.1037
Rb85.47
55Cs
132.9187Fr
(223)
4Be9.0112
Mg24.31
20Ca40.08
38Sr
87.6256Ba
137.3388
Ra(226)
21Sc
44.9639Y
88.9157La
138.9189Ac(227)
22Ti
47.8840Zr
91.2272Hf
178.49104Rf
(261)
23V
50.9441
Nb92.91
73Ta
180.95
24Cr52.00
42Mo95.94
74W
183.85
25Mn54.94
43Tc(99)75Re
186.21
26Fe
55.8544
Ru101.07
76Os190.2
27Co58.93
45Rh
102.9177Ir
192.22
28Ni
58.6946Pd
106.4278Pt
195.08
29Cu63.55
47Ag
107.8779
Au196.97
30Zn65.39
48Cd
112.4180
Hg200.59
5B
10.8113Al
26.9831
Ga69.72
49In
114.8281Tl
204.38
6C
12.0114Si
28.0932
Ge72.61
50Sn
118.7182Pb207.2
7N
14.0115P
30.9733As
74.9251Sb
121.7583Bi
208.98
8O
16.0016S
32.0734Se
78.9652Te
127.6084Po(209)
9F
19.0017Cl
35.4535Br
79.9053I
126.90
10Ne20.18
18Ar39.95
36Kr83.80
54Xe
131.29
2He4.00
58Ce
140.12
59Pr
140.91
60Nd
144.24
61Pm(147)
62Sm
150.36
63Eu
151.97
64Gd
157.25
65Tb
158.93
66Dy
162.50
67Ho
164.93
68Er
167.26
69Tm168.93
70Yb
173.04
71Lu
174.97
85At
(210)
86Rn(222)
90Th(232)
91Pa(231)
92U
(238)
93Np(237)
94Pu(244)
95Am(243)
96Cm(247)
97Bk(247)
98Cf
(251)
99Es
(252)
100Fm(257)
101Md(258)
102No(259)
103Lr(260)
105Db(262)
106Sg
(263)
107Bh(262)
108Hs(265)
109Mt(266)
110Ds(271)
111Rg(272)
112--
(277)
114--
(285)
116--
(289)
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
A Bit of ReviewValence electrons
Most atoms will gain or lose electrons in order to get a full valence electron shell
The number of valence electrons in a neutral atom can be found from the periodic table!!
Octet “rule”: Most elements need 8 e- to have a full valence electron shell
2 major exceptions: H and He (2 valence e-)
Below is a flow chart for the classification of inorganic compounds.
Classification of Compounds
Types of Compounds
Ionic Compound : Formed from ions
MUST HAVE A METAL!!!!!!!
NaIExamples: W(NO3)3 Fe2S3
CO2Non-examples: P2O5 XeF6
Types of Compounds
Molecular Compound : NOT formed from ions
MUST HAVE ONLY NON-METALS!!
SO3Examples: C6H12O6 H2O
K2SO4Non-examples: PtCl2 Sn(CO3)2
Below is a flow chart for the classification of ions.
Classification of Ions
Metal atoms can lose valence electrons and become positively charged cations.
Cations are named for the parent atom followed by the word “ion.”Na+ is named “sodium ion”
Al3+ is named “aluminum ion”
Monoatomic Cations
If a metal can form more than one cation, it is named for the parent, followed by the charge in Roman numerals in parentheses, followed by the word “ion.”Fe2+ is the iron(II) ion
Fe3+ is the iron(III) ion
Metals That Form Multiple Ions
Nonmetals can gain valence electrons and become negatively charged anions.
Monoatomic anions are named by dropping the end of the element name and adding the suffix –ide.Br- is the bromide ionO2- is the oxide ionN3- is the nitride ion
Monoatomic Anions
Did you get it?
barium ion+22barium
phosphide-35phosphorus
aluminum ion+33aluminum
iodide-17iodine
Ion nameIon chargeValence e-Element
Summary of Ions (the letters)Monatomic ionsSome charges can be predicted based on group number
2+
Be
Summary of Ions (the letters)Monatomic ionsSome charges can be predicted based on group numberCation name is the same as element name with ion added
element: zinc (Zn) ion: zinc ion (Zn2+)
element: cesium (Cs) ion: cesium ion (Cs+)Anion name changes ending of element name to ide
element: nitrogen (N) ion: nitride (N3-)
element: iodine (I) ion: iodide (I-)
Summary of Ions (the letters)Poly atomic ion
Poly: more than one or many
atomic: atoms
ion: a positively or negatively charged particle
Almost always anions (three exceptions)
ammonium -- NH4+ mercury (I) -- Hg2
2+
hydronium – H3O+
Ti
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
+1Ag
Au
+2Zn
+2Cd
Hg
Sn
Pb
Sb
Bi
1IA
2IIA
3IIIB
4IVB
5VB
6VIB
7VIIB
8VIII
9VIII
10VIII
11IB
12IIB
13IIIA
14IVA
15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
18VIIIA
Summary of Ions (the letters)Variable Oxidation State metalsCharge can NOT be predicted based on periodic table
ANYTHING IN HERE CAN BE A VOS (ALMOST)
Summary of Ions (the letters)Variable Oxidation State metalsCharge can NOT be predicted based on periodic tableCan assume multiple ion charges
non VOS metal – potassium ion = K+
VOS metal – lead ion = Pb2+ or Pb4+
The charge of VOS metals MUST be indicated in the name with the use of roman numerals
Pb2+ = lead (II) ion Pb4+ = lead (IV) ion
