PLANNING, ANALYSIS, DESIGN

AND DETAILING OF AN

AUDITORIUM BUILDINGby

NELLURI BHARATH 1011010132

RIZWAN BASHEER 1011010176

SAUMYA THAKUR 1011010187

AHAMED NIYAZ 1011010267

B.TECH CIVIL ENGINEERING – PROJECT WORK

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

Mr. R. RAMASUBRAMANI , B.E., M. TECH.

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SRM UNIVERSITY

OBJECTIVES

• The objective of the project is to design an auditorium with a

large span steel roof truss.

• The seating is done considering acoustics.

NECESSITY

• To provide a stage for performing arts.

• To accommodate an audience of 1014 members for seminars

and lectures.

SCOPE

• This project includes analysis, design and detailing of :

• R.C.C: columns, beams, slab and footing

• Steel roof truss: top chord, bottom chord, bracings and

connections.

• Seating of auditorium for proper acoustics

METHODOLGY

• Literature survey: Books and codes required for the project are

collected.

• Planning: Plan is made using AUTOCAD.

• Calculation of loads: With reference to codebooks, design

loads are calculated.

• Analysis and Design: Analysis and Design of various elements

of auditorium like roof truss, R.C.C column, beam and

foundation is done using software like STAAD.Pro and MS

Office.

• Detailing: Detailing of basic elements of auditorium

infrastructure is done using AUTOCAD.

MAJOR DESIGN EXPERIENCE

The project is a “Structural Design Project”. Design experience

in the following areas has been gained during the course of the

project.

• Design of RCC beams, columns, slab and steel roof truss

• Design of Foundation

REALISTIC DESIGN CONSTRAINTSRealistic constraints

• Sustainability:

Machines require perfect

suppression of vibration to

function.

• Environmental:

Manufacturing waste collection

and processing.

• Economic:

Commercial structures need

to consider high maintenance

cost.

Overcoming the realistic

constraints

• Sustainability:

Machines were introduced

with proper oiling and rubber

pads to suppress vibrations.

• Environmental:

Waste collection pit was

manufactured prior to the

construction.

• Economic:

Economic products were used

and quality control was

maintained.

APPLICATION OF EARLIER COURSE

WORKS

COURSE CODE AND NAME CONTEXT

CE 0104 - Computer Aided

Building Drawing

Computer Aided Building

Drawing

CE 0209 - Building Technology Byelaws, Setbacks, Open Space,

Floor area ratio

CE 0201 - Mechanics of Solids Evaluation of bending moment

and shear forces

CE 0202 - Strength of Materials Evaluation of deflection

CE 0204 - Structural Design I Design of steel structure

CE 0301 - Structural Analysis I Analysis of Determinate structure

Table 1: Application of earlier courses

COURSE CODE AND NAME CONTEXT

CE 0302 - Structural Analysis II Analysis of Indeterminate structure

CE 0304 - Structural Design III Design of R.C.C. structure

CE0306 - Foundation

Engineering

Design of foundation

Table 1: Continue..

REFERENCE TO CODES AND STANDARDS

CODES/STANDARDS CONTEXT

IS 875:1987 (Part 1)CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN LOADS: DEAD LOADS- UNIT

WEIGTHS OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND STORED MATERIALS

IS 875:1987 (Part 2) CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN LOADS: IMPOSED LOADS

IS 875:1987 (Part 3) CODE OF PRACTISE FOR DESIGN LOADS: WIND LOADS

IS 456:2000 PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE - CODE OF PRACTICE

IS 800:2007 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR GENERAL CONSTRUCTION IN STEEL

IS 2526:1963 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ACOUSTICAL DESIGN OF AUDITORIUM

AND CONFERENCE HALLS

MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND TEAM

WORK

• This project involves students in multidisciplinary team work

like interacting with faculties of various departments to carry

out the project taking acoustics in consideration.

SOFTWARE /EQUIPMENT USED

• STAAD.Pro

• AUTOCAD

• Microsoft Office

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Howard G. Latham, The signal to noise ratio for speechintelligibility – An Auditorium Acoustics design index

The Signal-to-Noise Ratio devised by Lochner and Burgercontributed an objective design index for predicting speechintelligibility.

Their index provided a measure of useful and detrimentalreflected speech energy according to the integration andmasking characteristics of hearing, and enabled predictionsto be made from impulse measurements in models.

However, it was necessary to extend the Signal-to-NoiseRatio theory to account for the effect of fluctuating ambientbackground noise on speech intelligibility.

•Howard G. Latham, The Measurement of Quality in Auditorium

Acoustics by Subjective Scaling Methods - A Review of Developments

in Theory and Practice

The effects of reflections:

The terms 'reflection' and 'echo' have sometimes been confused, in that

any perceptible reflection was called an 'echo'. It could be useful to

identify three types of reflection by their subjective effects in complex

sound fields:

• Imperceptible but contributing towards sound impression.

• Perceptible but not disturbing, and not perceived as an echo or new

source.

• Perceptible and disturbing.

The threshold of perceptibility has been defined as the level at which

50 per cent of subjects noticed a difference in the sound field. The critical

level of a reflection was determined when 50 per cent of listeners

were disturbed.

• Chan H. Haan & Fergus R. Fricke, Statistical

Investigation of Geometrical Parameters for the

Acoustic Design of Auditorium

Volume/seat:

Sabine la showed that the reverberation time of an

auditorium is directly proportional to the room volume

and inversely proportional to the total absorption in the

auditorium.

As the total absorption is largely dependent on the

number of seats in the auditorium the reverberation time

will be dependent on the volume/seat ratio.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

• PLANNING

• ANALYSIS

• DESIGN

• DETAILING

PLANNING

The following components have been planned for:

1. Slab

2. Stage

3. Gallery

4. Raked seating

They have been planned according to IS 2526(1963): Code of

Practice for Acoustical Design of Auditorium and Conference

Halls.

Fig. 1 Plan of Auditorium

ANALYSIS

The procedure followed in analyzing the auditorium is:

1. Preparing the cross sections

2. Defining the load data

3. Preparing the STAAD.Pro model

4. Assigning all the specifications to the model like loading,

dimensioning etc.

5. Running the analysis

Load Details

• Dead load:

Dead load roof = 6.5 kN/m2

Dead load column = 3.5 kN/m2

Self weight factor = 1

• Live load:

Live load floor = 3.5 kN/m2

Live load roof = 2.5 kN/m2

20

Member Properties

• Grade of concrete = M25

• Steel = Fe415

• Slab thickness = 0.22 m

• Column = 0.3 x 0.3 m

• Beam = 0.3 x 0.3 m

• Built up area = 1815.32 m2

• Type of foundation = Isolated footing

21

Fig. 2 Model in STAAD.Pro

Fig. 3 Shear force in Y direction

Fig. 4 Bending Moment in Z direction

DESIGN

The following components have been designed for:

1. Slab

2. Beam

3. Column

4. Foundation

5. Truss

The design of the above components can be found at

LIMIT STATE METHOD

The object of reinforced concrete design is to achieve a

structure that will result in a safe and economical solution.

For a given structural system, the design problem consists of

the following steps:

1. Idealization of structure for analysis.

2. Estimation of loads.

3. Analysis of idealized structural model to determine the

axial thrust, shears, bending moments and deflections.

4. Design of structural elements and

5. Detailed structural drawing and schedule of reinforcing

bars.

Fig. 5 3D model of Auditorium

DESIGN OF SLAB

• Slab has been designed as per IS 456 and IS 875

• The type of slab is one way slab

• Main Reinforcement :

• Provide 10 mm 𝜑 @ 43 mm along short span at support

• Provide 10 mm 𝜑 @ 50 mm along short span at mid span

• Distribution Reinforcement:

• Provide 8 mm 𝜑 @ 230 mm c/c perpendicular to short span

DESIGN OF BEAM

• Beam has been designed as per IS 456 and IS 875

• The type of beam designed is singly reinforced beam

• Provide 4 numbers of 20 mm 𝜑 57 mm c/c as main

reinforcement

• Provide 10mm 𝜑 300 mm c/c as shear reinforcement

DESIGN OF COLUMN

• Column has been designed as per IS 456 and IS 875

• The type of column designed is short column with uniaxial

bending

• Provide 16 rods of 12 mm diameter on all sides

• Provide 10 mm ɸ @ 190 mm c/c as lateral ties

DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

• Foundation has been designed as per IS 456 and IS 875

• The type of foundation is isolated footing

• The type of beam designed is singly reinforced beam

• Provide 10 mm ∅ at 120 mm c/c along all the sides

DESIGN OF TRUSS

Fig. 6 Model of King Post Truss in STAAD.Pro

PROPERTIES

DESCRIPTION TYPE OF SECTION DIMENSION

Top Chord, Bottom

Chord

R1 Angular Section 65 x 65 x 6 LD

Web R2 Angular Section 65 x 65 x 6 RA

Ridge Beam R3 I Section IS WB 200

Fig. 7 Axial force on Truss

DETAILING

The detailing of following components have been done:

1. Slab

2. Beam

3. Column

4. Foundation

DETAILING OF SLAB

Fig. 8 Slab Detailing

Fig. 9 Sectional Elevation of Slab

DETAILING OF BEAM

Fig. 10 Beam Detailing

Fig. 11 Cross Section of Beam

DETAILING OF COLUMN

Fig. 12 Column Detailing

Fig. 13 Cross Section of Column

DETAILING OF FOOTING

Fig. 14 Detailing of Isolated Footing

CONCLUSION

• This project concerns the feasibility of construction of an

auditorium with good acoustic properties.

• It involves the application of earlier coursework to carry out

the analysis and design of components of structure.

• It was analysed using STAAD.Pro using generic loading.

• The construction of auditorium presents a solution for many

cultural programmes being held.

• This project can be directly implanted.

REFERENCES

• Dr. B. C. Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain, Design of Elements R.C.C. Designs

Reinforced Concrete Structures, 2002, Pg. no. 157, 999, 1015

• Ahmed Ali Elkhateeb, Ain Shams Engineering Journal,2012, Pg. No. 5-9

• Bodycombe, Audience Geometry, Journal of Sound and Vibration 78(4),

598-602, 1981, Pg. No. 9

• Chan Haan & Fergus Fricke, Statistical Investigation of Geometrical

Parameters for the Acoustic Design of Auditoria, 1992, Pg. No. 5-15

• Howard Latham, Subjective Measurements-Practice, The Measurement

of Quality in Auditorium Acoustics by Subjective Scaling Methods - A

Review of Developments in Theory and Practice, 1983, Pg. No. 1, 9

• Howard Latham, Summary, The Signal-To-Noise Ratio for Speech

Intelligibility- an Auditorium Acoustics Design Index, 1979, Pg. No. 1

• IS: 456 (2000), Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code Of Practice,

Bureau Of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

• IS: 875 (Part I) (1987), Code of practice for design loads (other than

earthquake) for buildings and structures Part I Dead Loads – Unit

weights of building materials and stored material.

• IS 875 (Part II) (1987), Code of practice for design loads (other than

earthquake) for buildings and structures Part II Imposed loads.

• IS 875 (Part III) (1987), Code Of Practice For Design Loads: Wind

Loads

• SP: 16, Design aid for reinforced concrete structures to IS: 456

(1978)

• IS 2526:1963, Code Of Practice For Acoustical Design Of

Auditorium And Conference Halls

THANK YOU