SEACOM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Project Presentation on “Study and Demonstration of principle on Turbocharger”

Presented by:Abhijit Nandy-20600710091 Priyam Ghose-20600710090

Utsab Koley-20600710096Hiranmoy Gorai-09206007062Moudrik Sarkar-09206007051

Indranil Chatterjee-09206007050

Under the Guidance ofUnder the Guidance ofDr.B.B.GHOSHDr.B.B.GHOSH

Mechanical Engineering 8Th Semester

WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER ?

It is a turbine driven compressor. It uses the waste energy from exhaust gas to increase

the charge mass of air and power of the engine.

WHY WE USE ?

It uses some of the unused energy contained in the hot exhaust gases.

Wide range of power levels.

Increases the density of the air to add more fuel.

Reduces specific fuel oil consumption.

Improves mechanical, thermal efficiencies.

SUPERCHARGERS

In basic concept, a supercharger is nothing more than an air pump mechanically driven by the engine itself.

Usually compress the fuel/air mixture after it leaves the carburetor.

Some of the power created is offset by the power required to drive the supercharger.

SUPERCHARGING PRINCIPLES

When air–fuel charge is ignited it produces force which is directly a function of the charge density.

So here we increase the charge density by using supercharger.

The more air and fuel that can be packed in a cylinder, the greater the density of the air–fuel charge.

INTAKE AIR

CARBURETOR

EXHAUST

WHY TURBOCHARGERS ? NOT SUPRECHARGERS The turbocharger does not drain power from the engine. By connecting a turbocharger as much as 40% to 50% of waste

energy we can use.

FUEL/AIR MIXTURE

EXHAUST GASES

Some of the power created is waste to drive the Supercharger as it is driven directly from the engine.

A part of the exhaust gas energy is treated by the turbine

The turbine power is transmitted to the compressor through the rotating shaft

The air is pressurized by the compressor

The air cooler brings the air to a high density to the engine by decreasing the temperature

The engine can work at a high power density without increase of the thermal load

Turbocharging Principles

TURBOCHARGER DESIGN AND OPERATION

Components of The Turbocharger of Our Project

Turbine. Air compressor. Shaft Waste gate Lube holes or groove Snap rings Thrust Bearing Heat Shield or The turbine back plate Compressor & Turbine Housing

TURBINE

The exhaust from the cylinders passes through the turbine blades, causing the turbine to spin. There are two main turbine types: axial and radial flow used.     Material: K18(Special type of stainless steel)  No Of Blades: 12 no’s  Wheel Diameter: 40mm

THE COMPRESSOR Increases both density and pressure and across its vanes. Centrifugal flow compressors are the most common in . Air is drawn in axially, accelerated to high velocity and

then expelled in a radial direction.

Material: High quality, high strength aluminium alloys.  No Of Blades: 8no’s Wheel Diameter: 50mm

SHAFT

Length: 120 mm

Diameter: Diameter is variable. Max Diameter =8mm, Min Diameter=5mm,

Material: K18(Special type of stainless steel)

It transmits the rotational motion and torque from the turbine to the compressor.

Housing

Compressor housings are made of a cast aluminium alloy. Turbine housings are made of ductile irons or nickel alloyed ductile irons.

OUR PROJECT TURBOCHARGER WITH ALL ITS COMPONENTS

BRAYTON CYCLE THE IDEAL CYCLE FOR GAS-TURBINE

Brayton cycle, is made up of four internally reversible processes 1-2 Isentropic compression (in a compressor)2-3 Constant-pressure heat addition3-4 Isentropic expansion (in a turbine)4-1 Constant-pressure heat rejection.

CONCEPT OF OPEN CYCLE & CLOSE CYCLE GAS TURBINE

OPEN SYSTEMThe exhaust gases leaving the turbine are thrown out in atmosphere ,not re circulated

CLOSE SYSTEMThe exhaust gases leaving the turbine are not thrown out in atmosphere ,hence re circulated

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE P-V DIAGRAMS OF NATURALLY ASPIRATED & SUPERCHARGED

ENGINES

The two important differences are :•Increase in pressure over the un supercharged cycle.•The pumping loop of a supercharged engine is positive instead of negative. Hence to get the net I.P the power represented by pumping loop is to be added instead of being subtracted. Net work output Wnet= work done by piston + Gas exchange work = area 12341+ area 15671.

o Diesel Powered Cars.

o Gasoline Powered Cars.

o Motorcycles.

o Trucks.

o Aircraft.

o Marine Engine.

Application Range

1996-2012

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

Engine emissions

Engine fuel consumption

Engine power outputTurbocharger power used*

Years

Lev

el

* in terms of compressor power at engine design point for given volume flow rate and pressure ratio

Turbocharger Performance Impact on Turbocharging high-speed engines

HIGH EFFICIENCY AT HIGH PRESSURE RATIO

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

1 2 3 4 5 6

Compressor pressure ratio

Tu

rbo

cha

rger

eff

icie

ncy

Full-load optimized specification

THANK YOU