YAWAR HASSAN KHANACL

1/1/20132013

SAFETY MANUALPROJECT HSE PLAN

A RESEARCH BY

HSE POLICY

STATEMENT

We are committed towards protecting the health and safety of all people working at or visiting our site

• We plan, manage, conduct and supervise all our work in compliance with legislation and best practice

• We want to ensure that all workers have a clear understanding of their responsibilities along with that of the company

BASIC RULES FOR SAFETY

Tidy up construction sites

■ Keep passages clear all the time.

■ Sort out materials and pile them up safely. The stacks should not be

too high.

■ Beware of floor openings and ensure that they are fenced or covered.

■ Remove refuse as soon as possible.

■ Provide sufficient lighting.

■ Familiarize with the location and the operation of fire-fighting equipment.

Safety measures

■ Before you operate a machine, ensure that the dangerous part of the

machine has been installed with a guard.

■ Avoid going to any area with insufficient lighting as there may be some

dangerous places which have not been provided with fencing.

■ Keep vigilant all the time and watch out for moving cranes, hooks or

other lifting equipment.

■ Before you use any electrical installation or tool, check the condition of

its electric cables.

■ Avoid dragging electric cables on the ground or allowing the cables to

come into contact with water.

■ Use electrical tools installed with an earth leakage circuit breaker.

■ Use and handle chemicals with care.

Personal Safety

■ Wear protective equipment.

■ Do not drink or take drugs while working.

■ Pay attention to personal hygiene.

■ Do not play in the workplace.

■ Report to your supervisor immediately if you notice any unsafe condition.

EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO ACCIDENTS

Tidy up construction sites

■ Keep passages clear all the time.

■ Sort out materials and pile them up safely. The stacks should not be

too high.

■ Beware of floor openings and ensure that they are fenced or covered.

■ Remove refuse as soon as possible.

■ Provide sufficient lighting.

■ Familiarize with the location and the operation of fire-fighting equipment.

When someone is found seriously injured, you should:

■ Keep calm.

■ Seek help immediately.

■ Accompany the injured person.

■ Assist in the immediate rescue work as far as possible.

■ Call the site safety staff.

■ Do not try to move the injured person unless it is really necessary

to do so.

■ Do not tamper with the accident scene while waiting for the arrival

of the investigation team.

When a fire breaks out, you should remember:

■ Put out the fire with a fire extinguisher if it is a small fire.

■ If the blaze is out of control, do not try to extinguish the fire on your

own. Call the Fire Services Department right away.

Emergency telephone numbers:

■ Always pay attention to the emergency telephone numbers posted

on the notice board in the site office

FALSE WORK , SCAFFOLDING , FENCE WORK AND LADDER

FALSEWORK

If you are engaged in falsework

operation, you should:

■ Check whether the falsework is

erected in accordance with the

design.

■ Make sure that the falsework is

securely erected.

■ Check whether the struts of the

falsework are secure.

■ Ensure that the props are erected

vertically and arranged at a

suitable distance in a row.

■ Report to your supervisor when

any unsafe situation is found.

SCAFFOLD

■ Do not use scaffolds unless they have

been erected by trained workmen and under

the supervision of a competent person.

■ Do not use a scaffold unless it has

been inspected and certified safe by

a competent person before use.

■ Strictly follow the instructions of a

competent person. Do not alter the

scaffold unless authorized to do so.

Do not work on an unfinished scaffold.

■ When it is necessary to work on a mobile

scaffold, lock the wheels of the scaffold

before you start working.

■ Do not work on a scaffold unless it has been

provided with a suitable working platform.

FENCING

■ Do not work in a dangerous place

unless its floor edges and

openings have been installed with

secure fencing.

■ If you notice any dangerous places

that have not been installed with

fencing or the fencing has been

damaged, reinstall or repair the

fencing. If this is beyond your

capability, inform your

supervisor at once.

Ladder

■ Use a ladder which is of good construction,

sound material and adequate strength.

■ Examine the ladder before using it

and inspect it at regular intervals.

■ Place the ladder on a level and

firm footing.

■ Place the ladder at an appropriate

angle.

■ Ensure that the ladder has a

sufficient length. The upper end

of the ladder should be at least

1 metre above the landing against

which the ladder leans.

■ Do not use a ladder unless its

upper or lower end has been

securely fixed or secured by

another worker.

■ If there are electrical installations

nearby, do not use metal ladders.

■ If work is carried out 2 metres or

more above the floor, use a suitable

working platform

Equipment and Electricity

Lifting Appliance and Gear

■ Do not operate a lifting appliance unless trained. In the case of a crane,

a certificate is required.

■ Before using lifting gear such as hook, shackle or chain sling,

check whether there is any wear and tear.

■ Check the weight of the load to be lifted.

■ Do not exceed the safe working load of

a lifting appliance or lifting gear.

■ Adopt the correct lifting method.

■ Do not use a lifting appliance or lifting gear

unless it has been examined and certified

safe by a competent examiner.

■ Do not use a lifting appliance unless it

has been regularly repaired and

maintained by a competent person.

No unauthorized repair is allowed.

■ Follow the safe working instructions

of the manufacturer of a lifting appliance.

■ Do not work beneath any suspended load.

Material Hoist

■ Do not ride on a material hoist.

■ Do not operate a material hoist without prior proper

training.

■ Do not exceed the safe working load of a material hoist.

■ Do not use a material hoist unless it has been examined

and certified safe by a competent examiner.

■ Do not use a material hoist unless its gates have been

installed with an effective interlocking safety system.

The hoist is only operable after all the gates have been

closed.

■ Do not use a material hoist unless it has been repaired

and maintained by a competent person. No unauthorized

repair is allowed.

■ Do not put loose materials into receptacles unless properly

secured.

■ Ensure good communication with the operator of a material

hoist. All signals should be understood and followed.

Loadshifting Machinery

■ Unless you are a worker concerned,

do not work in an area where a loader,

an excavator, etc. is in operation.

■ Do not operate any loadshifting

machinery without training and

approval.

■ Operators of forklift trucks,

bulldozers, loaders, excavators,

trucks or lorries should possess

appropriate certificates.

Cartridge-operated Fixing Tool

■ Do not operate a cartridgeoperated fixing tool unless you have

possessed a valid certificate.

■ Wear suitable eye and ear

protectors while operating a

cartridge-operated fixing tool.

■ Use a cartridge-operated fixing tool

with great care.

Portable Power Tool

■ Do not use a portable power tool

(such as saw, grinder and drill)

unless its dangerous parts have

been effectively guarded.

■ Place the electric cable and

hose of a tool at an appropriate

position to avoid tripping

Compressed Air

■ Use compressed air only for specified

purposes.

■ Do not use any compressed air

equipment, pipes and relevant devices

unless they are of good construction and

have been examined and certified safe

by a competent examiner before use.

■ Fix the connectors properly.

■ Do not twist the pipes.

■ Do not abuse the use of compressed air

for cleaning purpose. Use a brush or a

vacuum cleaner to remove dust from

clothing and skin.

Electric Tool

■ Before using an electric tool, check the

tool and its plug and connecting cable.

■ Do not use a damaged tool.

■ Do not use an electric tool unless

its connecting cable is well

protected.

■ Do not use an electric tool unless

its metal casing is earthed and its

power supply is provided with

an earth leakage circuit breaker.

■ Do not repair or alter any electrical

installation unless competent to do so.

■ If you meet any fault or problem, report

it to your supervisor immediately.

Excavations

■ Keep the fence on all sides of

an excavation intact.

■ Use safe access for ingress

and egress.

■ Do not pile soil or any other

materials at the edge of an

excavation.

■ Make sure that a trench is

securely shored before

working in it.

Gas Welding and Flame Cutting

■ Do not use the equipment for gas welding

or flame cutting unless you have attained

the age of 18 years and hold a valid certificate.

■ Do not use any gas cylinder unless it

has been fitted with flashback arrestors.

■ Wear personal protective equipment.

■ Keep the workplace clean.

■ Place fire extinguishers

within reach.

■ Keep gas cylinders in an

upright position and secure

it properly to avoid overturning.

■ If gas leakage is detected,

report it to your supervisor

immediately.

Fire Risk

There is always a fire risk. However,

the chances of fire can be reduced,

and you will know what to do when

a fire breaks out if you:

■ Always keep the workplace clean

and tidy.

■ Handle machinery and tools that

may generate sparks or heat

carefully.

■ Do not smoke or use naked

flames in any area where

flammable and explosive

substances are stored.

■ Know where fire extinguishers are

located and how they are used.

■ Know the place of assembly for

fire evacuation

Public Safety

■ Pay attention to public safety.

Members of the public are often

unaware of or do not understand

the work carried out on

construction sites and the risks

involved.

■ Take great care to prevent the fall

of materials from height.

■ Do not stack materials on floor

edges or on scaffolds

Waste Disposal

■ Dispose all wastes, and unwanted

materials must be disposed of at

a designated place.

■ Notify your supervisor of the

requirement for the separate

disposal of chemical or

inflammable wastes.

■ Do not leave planks with nails

on passageways.

Safety Supervisors

■ Their responsibility is to assist

others to work smoothly

and safely.

■ They have received specific

safety training and are

important members of the

construction team.

■ They have legal responsibility

or liability for the overall safety

of the construction site.

■ You should get to know your

safety supervisor.

Eye Protection

■ A wise worker will certainly take

good care of his eyesight.

■ A small fragment may cause

serious consequences if it

enters one's eyes.

■ When there is a risk of eye

injury, such as in concrete

breaking or using abrasive

wheels, you should wear

suitable eye protectors.

■ Take proper care of the eye

protectors provided to you.

■ Replace damaged or defective

eye protectors immediately.

■ Ensure that eye protectors are comfortable to wear, and keep clean.

■ Use eye protectors for eye protection ─ do not put it on your head

or hang it on your neck.

■ Bear in mind that eye protectors are replaceable, but not your eyes.

Noise

■ Wear ear protectors in areas

with high noise levels.

■ Properly wear ear protectors

according to the manufacturer's

instructions.

■ Do not reuse disposable ear

plugs.

■ Clean ear protectors regularly

Personal Protective Equipment

■ For your own safety and interest, use the personal

protective equipment provided by your employer.

■ Wear gloves when handling or contacting

chemicals.

■ Remember to wear a mask when working

in a dusty environment.

■ Wear eye and ear protectors whenever

necessary.

■ Wear a safety harness and secure it to

a safe anchorage point when working at

height. A bamboo scaffold is not a safe

anchorage point, so do not fasten the

safety harness to it.

■ Wear safety shoes to prevent foot injury.

■ Consult your supervisor if in doubt.

Safety Helmet

■ Wear a safety helmet on a

construction site.

■ Keep the harness of the

helmet clean and make sure

that it fits well.

■ Do not drill any holes on the

helmet or use it for pounding.

First Aid

■ If you sustain an injury or

feel not well while at work,

even if it is minor, go to

the first aid room right away

for medical treatment and

notify your supervisor.

■ Put the case on record.

Manual Handling Operations

■ Avoid manual handling operations as far as

possible to minimize the risk of injury.

■ Estimate the weight of the load.

■ Lift an object with a correct posture.

■ Wear suitable protective equipment.

Put on gloves as far as possible

to protect your hands from

any cut, scratch or puncture,

and wear safety boots or shoes

to prevent injury to toes by

heavy falling objects.

■ Seek assistance from someone

in lifting a load if necessary.

Personal Hygiene

■ Keep yourself clean.

■ Wash hands before meals

and after using the toilet.

■ Dress tidily and in protective

clothing.

Alcohol and Drugs

■ Do not drink alcohol, or take

drugs, while at work.

■ If you need to take drugs due

to illness, report it to your

supervisor.

SAFETY MANUAL

EFFECTIVE SAFETY COMMITTEES

Purpose of safety committee

Help protects employee by providing knowledge of safety

Helps protect employee by providing a solution to issues

Bring together labor and management for health and safety

Help the employee give training to manager , supervision and workers for better hazard identification and control and health and safety performance

Roles of safety committee

Know the feelings and thinking of employee by survey and interview

Analyze the behavior of employee by observing

Do safety inspections at workplace

Do safety audits

Control measures and safety improvements measure should be monitored

Evaluate quality of safety culture in long terms

Develop and submit the written recommendations

Functions of safety committee

To have knowledge

Skills

Abilities

Of health and safety

Benefits of safety committee

Consultant

Identify hazards

protect employee and employer

Communication between labor and management

Duties of safety committee members

Receive concerns , reports and suggestions by employees and give them to manager level and give the management level response to employees

Workplace inspection

Receiving training

Attending meetings

Control measures and safety improvement progress

Monitoring

Hazard identification

communication

Benfits of training the safety committee

Know their purpose of job

Know the role

Know the function

Know the responsibility

Know the skills

Know the abilities

Know the information on health and safety

Hazard identification profit for company

Competition leading

Effective audit

Lower injury and illness rates

Three areas for effective safety committee training

Safety committee operations

Hazard identification and control

Accident investigation procedures

Hierarchy of controls

Engineering controls

Administrative controls

Personal protective equipment

Accident investigation procedures

Write data of accident

Know the surface and root causes

Make the report

Suggest safety measures

Causes of accident report failures

Surface causes are uncovered but , root causes are not uncovered

Hazardous conditions are uncovered

Unsafe work practices uncovered

Failure in safety management uncovered

Causes of majority injuries

Inadequate supervision ,education , accountability , and resources

Hazardous conditions

Material

Equipment

Environment

People

system

System design and implementation

Objectives

Policy

Plan

Procedures

Processes

Budget

Report

Rules

Safety inspection

In safety inspection we give time to know for a thorough inspection to be conducted to know what is happening

Job hazard analysis

Employee , managers together solve the problems

Problem solving techniques

Understand the problem

Discuss causes

Target solutions

Sell solutions

Implement solutions

5 wh analysis

Who is getting hurt ?

What actually caused the injury ?

When workers are getting hurt ?

Where workers are getting hurt ?

how workers are getting hurt ?

How to conduct a survey

Gather a team of trained employees

Determine who you are going to sample

Decide how will you conduct the survey ?

Tell everyone why you are going to conduct survey ?

Conduct the survey

Summarize result

Discuss the result with CEO

Characteristics of an effective safety committee

Organized meeting

Good communication

Roles and purposes are understood

Standard of behavior

Objectives and completion dates are set

Members trained

EFFECTIVE SAFETY COMMITTEE MEETINGS

How often do safety committees meet

Some once a month and some more often

When committee meeting should be held

It’s most effective if the safety committee conducts a meeting immediately after the inspection

What happens in an effective safety committee meeting

Discuss findings

Ensure identified hazards are reported to responsible supervisors or managers

Analyze findings and discuss their possible rootcause

Make recommendations to improve safety programs

Purpose of safety committee meeting

To bring management and labor together

Preparing for the meeting

Chairperson preparation

Recorder must be trained

Prepare the agenda and keep it brief

Prepare the meeting room

Thank every one for coming

Call the meeting to order

Note attendence

Introduce visitors

Review ground rules

Review meeting minutes

Review agenda topics

Discuss unfinished business

Review observations of conditions and behaviors

Evaluate incident and accident report

Receive safety committee status reports

Conduct safety committee training / education

Conduct a safety inspection

Handle problem situations

Disagreement

conflict

Evaluate

Meeting process and outcomes

Improve

Meeting process

OSH TRAINING

SAFETY EDUCATION

We become educated in safety in many ways including :

personal experience

Formal classroom training

On the job training

Effective safety education must tell learners why it is important to use safe procedures and practices

Natural consequences

Natural consequences are those that naturally occur as a result of what an employee or organization does

System consequences

System consequences are those actions taken by another person in response to an employee’s choice and behaviours

Technical safety training

“How to “safety training is actually the most common type of safety education

General safety instruction

Is usually conducted using the lecture or discussion method

Purpose of training program

To provide training professionals for effective safety education

Criterea for accepted practices in safety , Health and environmental training

Program development

Delivery evaluation

Program management

Suggested training plan core elements

Training facility

Training director

Instructors

Course materials

Students

Ratios

Proficiency assessment

Course certificate

Record keeping

Program quality control

Safety trainer perform many roles

Evaluator

Facilitator

Counselor

Writer

Instructors

Manager

Marketer

Media specialist

Analyst

Program administrator

Designer

Strategies

Task analysis

Theoretician

Transfer agent

Guidelines for instructor competency

Certified person

Designated

Authorized

Competent

Qualified

Purpose of training evaluation

To know the amount of learning achieved by training

Whether an employee’s performance has improved on the job as a result of training

RKSAI

Evaluate students :

Reaction

Learning

Application

result

Guidelines for evaluating training programs

How training program is managed

Quality of training processes

The result of training

Suggested program quality control criterea

training plan

Program management , training director , staff and consultants’ training facilities and resources

Quality control and evaluation

Students

Institutional environment and administrative support

SAFETY MANAGEMENT

Top management commitment

You should know the benefits of your commitment towards safety

You must develop programs , policies , plans and procedures

Do commitment to safety because it saves lives , money and you stay out of trouble

Safety leadership increases company’s potential

Coercive ,controlling and caring are the three leadership models out of which caring model is the real commitment approach

You must have a vision and mission statement

There are two safety strategies: reactive and pro active

In reactive strategy you react after the accident has happened

In pro active strategy you make sure that no accident should occur in workplace

Labor and management accountability

Employees should believe that they are going to be held accountable for their decisions and actions

Six elements of effective accountability system :

1.formal standard of performance

2.adequate resources and psychosocial support

3.a system of performance measurement

4.application of effective consequences

5.appropriate application of consequences

6.continous evaluation of accountability system

Points to remember:

The more Regularly you Recognize and Reward , the more Rarely you will have to Reprimand

Training , resources , enforcement , supervision and leadership are 5 obligations of safety

Employee involvement

Employee is held accountable by the employer for complying with the safety rules , reporting workplace injuries immediately and reporting hazards

Rewards are great but , recognition is better

Effective communications

It’s a responsibility to communicate effectively

It’s not what you say …it’s about how you say it

Hazard identification and control

Hazard is state of being leading to illness or injury of a person

What can control hazards :

1. Eliminate and substitute hazards

2.Engineering controls

3.administrative controls

4.personal protective equipment

Material , people , environment ,system , equipment may be hazardous

Do a walk around inspection to see hazards

Employee may use his own procedure if not directly supervised

Unsafe behaviors lead to 95% cause of accidents

Incident and accident investigation

Don’t go for blame but fix the system

You cant afford to relax or be content in safety

Incident causes property damage and accident causes life damage too

You must know the plan and how to work the plan

If accident occurs you must know :

1. background information 2.surface causes and root causes

You have to make a report of accident in which you write about findings , recommendations and summary

Safety education and training

Be trained

We educate to show why

We train to show how

A simple seven step on the job training includes:

1.introduction 2.trainer shows and tells 3. learner tells –trainer shows 4 . Learner shows and tells 5 . Conclusion 6.documentation 7. validate

Total quality safety management

Quality and safety are partners in productivity

TQM means to improve performance and process by using coorporate resources

DEMING says about total quality safety management that have a purpose for improvement , adopt a new philosophy , cease dependence on mass inspection , don’t go for price tag- go for reducing total cost , improve constantly , give training on job , drive out fear , break down barriers between departments , don’t pressurize workforce , give self improvement education and act for transformation

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

THE REQUIREMENT FOR PPE

To ensure the greatest possible protection for employees in workplace

EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY

To wear and maintain PPE

FACE AND EYE PROTECTION

HEAD PROTECTION

FOOT PROTECTION

HAND PROTECTION

PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

SHIELDS

BARRIERS

RESTRAINTS

WHEN AND WHERE PPE IS REQUIRED?

Whenever following conditions are encountered :

Process hazards

Environmental hazards

Chemical hazards

Radiological hazards

Mechanical hazards

WHAT SHOULD NOT BE WORN?

The PPE rules requires that rings , wristwatches , earnings , bracelets and other jewelery must not be worn if it’s possible for it to come into contact with power driven machinery or electric circuitry

HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CONTROL

BASIC EMPLOYER RESPONSIBILITY

The employer should see that workers are properly instructed and supervised in the safe operation of any machinery tools , equipment , process or practice which they are authorized to use or apply

BASIC EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY

All employees should conduct their work in compliance with their employer’s safety policies and rules. Employees should report all injuries immediately to the person in charge or other responsible representative of the employer .employees should make full use of safeguards provided for their protection

SAFETY INSPECTIONS

Employers should make sure their workplace are inspected by a qualified person as often as the type of operation or the character of the equipment requires.

HAZARDS

Raw materials

Toxic chemicals

Stationary machinery

equipment may not be properly guarded / or in poor working order

Tools may not be properly maintained

Extreme noise in work environment

Poor work station designs

Flammable or combustible atmospheres

Floors may be slippery and aisles cluttered

Guard rails , ladders or floor hole covers may be missing or damage

Employees might be fatigued , distracted in some way , or other wise lack the physical / mental way , or working safely

HAZARD

Unsafe work conditions or practices that could cause injuries or illness to employees

Recognized hazards

Industry recognition

Employee recognition

Common sense recognition

Exposure

Physical

Environmental

potential

Six steps hazard control process

Identifying workplace hazards

Analyzing the workplace

Developing solution

Writing solution

Writing recommendations

Taking action

Evaluating the results

Five general hazards

Material

Equipment

Environment

People

system

13 hazard categories

Acceleration

Biological

Chemical reactions

Electrical

Ergonomics

Explosives and explosions

Flammability and fires

Temprature

Mechanical

Pressure

Radiation

Toxics

Vibration / noise

Identifying hazards

informal and formal observation programs

Comprehensive wide surveys

Individual interviews

Walk around inspection

Documentation review

A written record will help ensure

Assignment of responsibility for hazard correction

Tracking of correction to completion

Identification of problems in the control system

Identification of problems in the accountability system

Identifcation of hazards for which no prevention or control has been planned

4 analysis

Job hazard analysis

change analysis

Process hazard analysis

Phase hazard analysis

Hierarchy of control

Elimination

Substitution

Engineering controls

Administrative controls

Personal protective equipment

Solving safety problems-two key strategies

Eliminate or reduce the surface cause

Eliminate or reduce he root cause

Cause effect analysis

Every effect is the result of a cause

Key steps to develop effective recommendations

Write the problem statement

Describe the history of problem

State the solution options that would correct the problem

Describe the consequences as a cost. Vs . Benefit analysis

EFFECTIVE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

What is an accident

An accident is the final event in an unplanned process that result in injury or illness to an employee and possibly property damage

Accident types

STRUCK BY

STRUCK AGAINST

CONTACT BY

CONTACT WITH

CAUGHT ON

CAUGHT BETWEEN

FALL TO SURFACE

FALL TO BELOW

OVER EXERTION

BODILY REACTION

OVER EXPOSURE

CAUSE OF ACCIDENT

Old theory-worker error :says worker makes a choice to work in an unsafe manner

New theory-system approach : says accidents occur due to multiple causes and due to defects in the systems

Characteristics of effective incident investigation program

Clearly assigned responsibility for accident investigation

All accident investigations will be formally trained on accident investigation techniques

The purpose is to find fact not fault

Dig deep to know hazardous conditions that caused accidents

report will make the recommendations to correct the hazardous conditions and work practices

Corrective actions must be completed

An annual review of accident reports

Six steps for conducting accident investigation

Secure the accident scene

Conduct interview

Develop the sequence of events

Conduct cause analysis

Determine the solutions

Write the report

DOCUMENTING THE ACCIDENT SCENE

Make personal observations

Take photos of accident scene

Take video clips of the scene

sketch the accident scene

Interview records

Steve’s seven rights of interview process

Be sure you ask the

Right people the

Right question at the

Right time in the

Right place in the

Right way for the

Right reason to uncover the

Right facts

WHO NEEDS TO BE INTERVIEWED

The victim

Co workers

Direct supervisors

Manager

Training department

Personnel department

Maintenance department

Emergency responders

Medical personal

Coroner

Police

The victim’s spouse and family

Effective interviewing techniques

Keep the purpose of investigation in the mind

Approach the investigation with an open mind

Go to the scene

Express concern regarding the accident and desire to prevent a similar occurrence

Tell the interviewee that the information they give is important

Be friendly , understanding and open minded

Be calm and unhurried

Single event theory

An accident is thought to be the result of a single , one time easily identifiable , unusual , unexpected occurrence that result in injury or illness

The domino theory

This describes as a series of related occurences which lead to a final event that results in injury or illness

Multiple cause theory

Accidents are a result of a series of random related and / or unrelated actions that somehow interact to cause the accident

Four categories of events

Actual events

Assumed events

Non events

Simultaneous events

Developing the sequence of events

Once the sequence of events is developed we will study each event to know:

Hazardous condition

Unsafe behaviors

System weaknesses

Components of an event

Actor: the actor is an individual or object that directly influenced the flow of the sequence of events

Action is something that is done by the actor

Hazardous conditions

Materials

Machinery

Equipment

Tools

Chemicals

Environment

Workstations

Facilities

People

workload

Levels of cause analysis

Injury analysis

Event analysis

System analysis

Higher priority strategies that control hazards

Elimination

Substitution

Engineering controls

Lower priority strategies to control exposure and behavior

WARNINGS

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

WRITING THE REPORT

Background

Description

Findings

Recommendations

Summary

EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS

WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

An action plan to organize employee and employer action during workplace emergencies

COMPONENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

Ways to report fires and other emergencies

Evacuation procedures

Emergency escape route assignments

Procedures to account for all employee after an emergency evacuation has been completed

Name or job titles of personas who can be contacted for further information or explanation of duties under the plan.

NATURAL DISASTERS

Avalanche

Biological

Drought

Sand storms

Earth quakes

Extreme heat / cold

Fire

Flood

Hurricane

Landslide / Madslide

Lightning

Snow / Ice / hail

Tornando

Volcanic eruption

Tsunami

TECHNOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES

Aircraft crash

Structural collapse

Business interruption

Communication

Levee failure

Explosion/fire

Extreme air pollution

Financial collapse

Fuel .resource shortage

Hazardous material release

Power / utility failure

Radiological / nuclear accidents

Transportation accidents

WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN DEVELOPING EAP

Development of emergency action plan

Establish authority

Conduct employee training and plan review

Review , coordinate and update the plan

Make sure EAP meets specific needs

Consider and list potential natural or man made emergencies

Develop resue and medical assistance strategies

Consider communication

Identify methods for reporting fires

Develop methods to alert employees

Identify methods to alert employees

Identify how and when the employees will be trained

Address how and when drills and retraining will be conducted

One policy doesn’t fit all situations

Designate someone who will stay to shut down critical operations during an evacuation

Determine specific evacuation routes and exits

Designate evacuation coordinates and workdens

Conduct EAP employee training

Update the EAP regularly

INTRODUCTION TO FIRE PREVENTION PLANS

What does the fire prevention plan do for your ORGANIZATION

Serves to reduce the risk of fires at your workplace

Causes of fire

Electrical hazards

Portable heaters

Office fire hazards

Cutting , welding and open flame work

Flammable and combustible material

Smoking in the wrokplace

Fixed extinguished system

Fixed fire extinguishing systems are commonly used to protect areas containing value able or critical equipment such as data processing rooms , telecommunication switches and process control rooms

Components of a fixed system

Discharge nozzle

Piping

Control panel

Warning alarm

Warning and caution signs

Fire detectors

Pull stations

Agent storage containers

Purpose of an alarm system

The purpose of and employee alarm system is to reduce the severity of work place accidents and injuries by ensuring that alarm systems operate properly and procedures are in place to alert employees to workplace emergencies

The fire triangle

Enough oxygen to sustain combustion

Enough heat to rise the material to it’s ignition temperature and

Some sort of fuel or combustible material

Fire extinguisher ratings

Class a ordinary combustible

Class b flammable liquids

Class c electrical equipment

Class d combustible metals

Class k restaurant kitchens

Types of fire extinguishers

Dry chemical extinguishers

Halon extinguishers

Water extinguishers

Carbon dioxide extinguishers

HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

PASS : PULL – AIM –SQUEEZE-SWEEP

MANAGEMENT TRAINING RESPONSIBLITY

All managers should be trained and make sure employees are also trained to understand their FFP responsibility.

OSH RECORD KEEPING

The record keeping and reporting rule requires employers to record and report work –related fatalities , injuries and illnesses . It’s important to record or report a work related injury , illness or fatality

An injury or illness meets the general recording criteria and is recordable , if it results in any one of following six conditions :

Death

Days away from work

Restricted work or job transfer

Medical treatment beyond first aid

Loss of consciousness

A significant injury or illness diagnosed by a physician or other licensed health care professional

OSHA 300 form is the log of work related injuries and illnesses

OSHA 300 –A is the summary of work related injuries and illnesses

OSHA FORM 301 or equipment is the worker’s and employer’s report of occupational injury or disease

You must involve your employees and their representatives in the record keeping system

TOTAL NO. OF INJURIES AND ILLNESSES / NO. OF HOURS WORKED BY ALL EMPLOYEES * 200 , 000 = TOTAL RECORDABLE CASE RATE

HAZARD COMMUNICATION

The hazard communication rule applies to any chemical which is known to be present in the workplace in such a manner that employees may be exposed under normal conditions of use or in a foreseeable emergency

Responsibility

Chemical manufacturers and importers must evaluate chemicals produced in their workplaces or imported by them to determine if they are hazardous

Employers must assess the hazards of chemicals and develop a written hazard communication plan along with training and information

Material safety data sheet

Chemical manufacturers and importers must obtain and develop a material safety data sheet for each hazardous chemical they produce or import and must develop appropriate labels that provide hazard warning information

Employee training

How to

Reference the chemical test or hazards

Use material data safety sheets

Use protective practices including PPE

Recognize a release of chemicals

Detect over exposure to chemicals

Write secondary container labels

Hazard communication plan

Employers must develop, implement and maintain a written hazard communication plan that contains a list of hazardous chemicals

being used in the workplace, assign responsibilities and describes procedures for:

Labeling containers

Maintaining and using material safety data sheets

Information and training

Pipe labeling

Non routine tsk procedures

Contractor procedures

Hazardous substance

Is any chemical which poses a physical or a health hazard?

Physical hazards

Are chemical reactions that could result in a fire, explosion and/ or toxic gas release which cause physical trauma if chemicals are handled or stored improperly?

Health hazards

Is health effects caused directly by the chemicals themselves, not an injury resulting from a reaction

Dusts, fumes. Fibres . Mists . Vapors , gases , solids , liquids

Chemical effects

On various organs of the human body depend on several important factors : solid , liquid or gas ?

Ingested , inhaled , absorbed or injected ?

How much chemical makes it’s ways into the body?

How poisonous is the chemical?

Routes of entry

Routes of entry of chemicals may take must be known when assessing the workplace for chemical hazards.

Alternative labeling methods

HMIS ( hazardous material information system)

NFPA (national fire protection association )

Material safety data sheet

Used to communicate chemical hazard information from the manufacturer to the employee to train and inform on safe use of hazardous chemicals

Employers must obtain a MSDS from the chemical manufacturer or import as soon as possible

Employers must maintain in the workplace copies of required material safety data sheets

Employee must know

The hazard communication program

The measures to protect themselves

Detect the release or presence of hazardous chemical

Physical and health hazards

When new hazardous chemical is used in organization

HAZWOPER

Hazardous waste operations and emergency response covers response to uncontrollable releases

CONDUCTING A JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS :

It focuses on the relationship between the worker , task tools and environment .after you identify uncontrolled hazards , you will take steps to eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable risk level . You can prevent workplace injuries and illnesses.

IMPROVE YOUR EMPOYEES

Get together with your employees and talk about the actual and potential hazards and unsafe behaviors they believe might exist in their current work and surroundings .Discuss the possible accident that might result from the hazards and behaviors . Next come up with ideas to eliminate or control those hazards and behaviors.

LOOK FOR HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND UNSAFE BEHAVIOURS

Material safety data sheets

Experienced workers

Accident and incident reports

First aid statistical record

Behavior based safety reports

Safety committee meeting minutes

Safety inspection reports

Previous JHAs

Existing work procedures

Equipment manuals

Preventive /corrective maintenance records

HIGH RISK BEHAVIOURS

Working at evaluation , no matter what job is

Lifting , lowering , pushing , pulling and other manual handling operations

Other working above or below the work area

Use of bridge cranes man lifts , or other heavy equipment

Working on or near energized equipment /components

Working alone or in isolated workplaces

Operating vehicles

Working within a confined space or under temp extremes

RISK ANALYSIS

Risk = probability*severity

JHA FORMAT

JHA includes three columns:

Basic job step

Hazard present

Preventive measures

GOALS WHILE CONDUCTING A JHA

What can go wrong

What are the consequences ?

How could the hazard arise ?

What are the other contributing factors ?

How likely is that hazard will occur ?

TIPS

Write safe job procedure

Hire professionals to conduct JHA

Improve the JHA process by taking a team approach

RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEEMNT

SAFETY MANUAL

HOW TO ASSESS THE RISK

The risk score is determined by multiplying the consequence and likelihood scores you have recorded for each hazard

To assess the risk associated with hazards you have identified, ask the following questions:

How likely is the hazard to cause harm to someone?

What is the worst possible damage the hazard could cause in terms of human suffering and cost if you don't resolve the problem?

How many people are exposed to the risk? Sometimes it may be the amount of time workers spend on an activity that creates the safety risk, rather than the nature of the work task itself. Everyone is different. A hazard may also pose more risk to some people more than others because of differences in physical strength, experience, training etc.

HOW TO MANAGE THE RISK

The risk score is determined by multiplying the consequence and likelihood scores you have recorded for each hazard

To assess the risk associated with hazards you have identified, ask the following questions:

How likely is the hazard to cause harm to someone?

What is the worst possible damage the hazard could cause in terms of human suffering and cost if you don't resolve the problem?

How many people are exposed to the risk? Sometimes it may be the amount of time workers spend on an activity that creates the safety risk, rather than the nature of the work task itself.

Everyone is different. A hazard may also pose more risk to some people more than others because of differences in physical strength, experience, training etc.

THE END

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