Project in Social Studies

8/6/2019 Project in Social Studies

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We Filipinos should be thankful forwe had heroes that fought for

sovereignty and freedom. During theSpanish regime, brave heroes likeApolinario Mabini, Ladislao Diwa,Teodoro Plata, Marcelo H. Del Pilar,

Andres Bonifacio and Melchora Aquinodid a change...


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Apolinario Mabini Maranan (July 23, 1864 May 13, 1903) was a Filipinopolitical philosopher andrevolutionary who wrote the constitution for the firstPhilippine republic of 1899-1901, and served as itsfirstprime ministerin 1899. In Philippine history texts,

he is often referred to as "the Sublime Paralytic", and as"the Brains of the Revolution."To his enemies anddetractors, he is referred to as the "Dark Chamber of thePresident."


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Ladislao Diwa Nocon (June 27, 1863-

March 12, 1930) was a Filipino patriot who

was among the founders of the Katipunan thatinitiated the Philippine

Revolution against Spain in 1896.


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Teodoro Plata (died February 6, 1897) wasa Filipino patriot, and a co-founder of the Katipunan, the secret

society which sparked the Philippine Revolution against

Spanish rule in 1896.

He met Andrs Bonifacio at a boarding house

in Manila along with Ladislao Diwa who was then a law

student at the University of Santo Tomas. Bonifacio, Diwa and

Plata were all freemasons who were inspired by the

nationalistic objectives of the Propaganda Movement in

Europe.


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Marcelo Hilario del Pilar Gatmaitan (August 30, 1850

July 4, 1896), was a Filipino writer, revolutionary leader ofthe Philippine Revolution and one of theleading Ilustrado (Knowledgeable) propagandist of thePhilippine War of Independence.

Del Pilar was one of the co-publisher and founder of LaSolidaridad (The Solidarity), which helped crystallize nationalist

sentiments and ignite libertarian ideas. He tried to marshal thenationalist sentiment of the enlightened Filipino ilustrados, againstthe Spanish imperialism. He wrote articles and pamphlets againstthe excesses of Spanish friars in the Philippines.


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Andres Bonifacio de Castro (November 30,1863 May 10, 1897) wasa Filipino nationalist and revolutionary. He was afounder and leader of theKatipunan movement whichsought the independence of the Philippines from Spanish colonial rule and startedthe Philippine Revolution. He is considered a de

facto national hero of the Philippines. Bonifacio is alsoconsidered by some Filipino historians to be thefirst president of the Philippines, but he is notofficially recognized as such.


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Melchora Aquino de Ramos (January 6, 1812 March

2, 1919) was a Filipino revolutionary who became known

as "Tandang Sora" in the history of the Philippines because

of her age when the Philippine Revolutionbroke out in 1896

(she was already 84 at the time). She gained the title Grand

Woman of the revolution and theMother of Balintawakfor her

heroic contributions to Philippine history.


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Emilio Aguinaldo

Manuel L. Quezon

Jose P. Laurel Sergio Osmena

Manuel A. Roxas

Elpidio Quirino

Ramon Magsaysay

Carlos P. Garcia

Diosdado Macapagal

Ferdinand Marcos Corazon Aquino

Fidel V. Ramos

Joseph Estrada

Gloria MacapagalArroyo


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EmilioEmilio AguinaldoAguinaldo FamyFamy[[11]][[22]] (March(March 2222,, 18691869 FebruaryFebruary 66,,19641964)) waswas aa FilipinoFilipino generalgeneral,,politicianpolitician,, andand independenceindependence leaderleader ofofChineseChinese andand SpanishSpanish descentdescent.. HeHe playedplayed anan instrumentalinstrumental rolerole ininPhilippinePhilippine independenceindependence duringduring thethe PhilippinePhilippineRevolutionRevolution againstagainst SpainSpain andand thethe PhilippinePhilippine--AmericanAmerican WarWar thatthat

resistedresisted AmericanAmerican occupationoccupation.. HeHe eventuallyeventually pledgedpledged hishis allegianceallegiancetoto thethe USUS governmentgovernment..

WhenWhen warwar brokebroke outout betweenbetween SpainSpain andand thethe UnitedUnited StatesStates ininAprilApril 18981898,, AguinaldoAguinaldo mademade arrangementsarrangements withwith thethe UU..SS.. consulsconsuls ininHongHong KongKong andand SingaporeSingapore andand withwith CommodoreCommodore GeorgeGeorge DeweyDewey totoreturnreturn fromfrom exileexile toto fightfight againstagainst SpainSpain.. OnOn JuneJune 1212 AguinaldoAguinaldo

proclaimedproclaimed thethe independenceindependence ofof thethe PhilippinePhilippine IslandsIslands fromfrom Spain,Spain,hoistedhoisted thethe nationalnational flag,flag, introducedintroduced aa nationalnational anthem,anthem, andand orderedorderedaa publicpublic readingreading ofof thethe declarationdeclaration ofof independenceindependence..


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When he realized thatWhen he realized that the Unitedthe United States would not acceptStates would not acceptimmediate and complete independence forimmediate and complete independence for the Philippines, hethe Philippines, heorganized a revolution against American rule that resulted in 3 yearsorganized a revolution against American rule that resulted in 3 yearsof bloody guerrilla warfare. He was captured on March 23, 1901, byof bloody guerrilla warfare. He was captured on March 23, 1901, byGen. Frederick Funston. Funston and several other officers, boundGen. Frederick Funston. Funston and several other officers, bound

hand and foot, pretended to be prisoners and were taken tohand and foot, pretended to be prisoners and were taken toAguinaldo's camp by Filipinos loyal toAguinaldo's camp by Filipinos loyal to the Unitedthe United States. ReleasedStates. Releasedand given weapons, they easily captured Aguinaldo, who then tookand given weapons, they easily captured Aguinaldo, who then tookan oath of allegiance toan oath of allegiance to the Unitedthe United States and issued a peaceStates and issued a peace

proclamation on April 19. The bitterness caused by the war wasproclamation on April 19. The bitterness caused by the war wassoon transformed into friendship as Americans and Filipinos joinedsoon transformed into friendship as Americans and Filipinos joined

to work toward Philippine independence. Aguinaldo retired toto work toward Philippine independence. Aguinaldo retired toprivate life, and his son entered West Point in the same class as Gen.private life, and his son entered West Point in the same class as Gen.Funston's son.Funston's son.


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Manuel Luis Quezon y MolinaManuel Luis Quezon y Molina (August 19, 1878(August 19, 1878inin BalerBaler,, TayabasTayabas,, PhilippinesPhilippines August 1, 1944 inAugust 1, 1944 in SaranacSaranacLakeLake,,New YorkNew York,, United StatesUnited States) was the first) was the firstFilipinoFilipino president of thepresident of the Commonwealth of theCommonwealth of the

PhilippinesPhilippines under U.S. colonial rule in the first half of theunder U.S. colonial rule in the first half of the20th century. He is considered by most Filipinos to have20th century. He is considered by most Filipinos to havebeen the secondbeen the second President of the PhilippinesPresident of the Philippines, after, afterEmilioEmilioAguinaldoAguinaldo. He has the distinction of being the first Senate. He has the distinction of being the first SenatePresident elected to the presidency, the first presidentPresident elected to the presidency, the first presidentelected through a national election, and the first incumbentelected through a national election, and the first incumbent

to secure reto secure re--election (for a partial second term, laterelection (for a partial second term, laterextended, due to amendments to the 1935 Constitution). Heextended, due to amendments to the 1935 Constitution). Heis known as the "Father of theis known as the "Father of theNational LanguageNational Language".".


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JosJos PacianoPaciano LaurelLaurel yy GarcaGarca (March(March 99,, 18911891 NovemberNovember 66,, 19591959)) waswas thethe presidentpresident ofof thetheJapaneseJapanese--SponsoredSponsored RepublicRepublic ofof thethe PhilippinesPhilippines

duringduring WorldWorld WarWar II,II, fromfrom 19431943 toto 19451945..AfterAfter receivingreceiving lawlaw degreesdegrees fromfrom thethe

UniversityUniversity ofof thethe PhilippinesPhilippines ((19151915)) andand fromfromYaleYale UniversityUniversity ((19201920),), hehe waswas electedelected toto thethe

PhilippinePhilippine SenateSenate inin 19251925 andand appointedappointed associateassociatejusticejustice ofof thethe SupremeSupreme CourtCourt inin 19361936..


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After the Pearl Harbor attack, Laurel stayed in Manila after PresidentManuel Quezon escaped first to Bataan and then to the United States. Heoffered his services to the Japanese; and because of his criticism of U.S.rule of the Philippines he held a series of high posts in 1942-43, climaxingin his selection as president in 1943. Twice in that year he was shot byPhilippine guerrillas but recovered. In July 1946 he was charged with 132

counts of treason but was never brought to trial; he shared in the generalamnesty in April 1948.

As the Nationalist Party's nominee for the presidency of the Republicof the Philippines in 1949, he was narrowly defeated by the incumbentpresident, Elpidio Quirino, nominee of the Liberal Party. Elected to theSenate in 1951, Laurel helped to persuade Ramn Magsaysay, thensecretary of defense, to desert the Liberals and join the Nationalists. When

Magsaysay became president, Laurel headed an economic mission that in1955 negotiated an agreement to improve economic relations with theUnited States. He retired from public life in 1957.


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Sergio Osmea (September 9, 1878

October 19, 1961) was the second President of

the Commonwealth of the Philippines. He was

Vice President underManuel L. Quezon, and

rose to the presidency upon Quezon's death in

1944. He was a founder ofNacionalista Party.


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On March 5, 1906, Osmea waselected provincial governor of Cebu at the age of 28.Although he had little political experience, he succeeded insolving the grave problems of public order and community

cooperation in his province, cultivating the people's trust inthe municipal enforcement officers.

In 1902 Osmea had joined those nationalists whopetitioned Governor William Howard Taft to allow theformation of a political party advocating immediateindependence for the Philippines. In 1906 Osmea becamepresident of the first convention of provincial governors,which urged eventual independence. In 1907 he wasunanimously elected speaker of the Assembly, a post heheld for 9 years.


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Manuel Acua Roxas (January 1, 1892

April 15, 1948) was the first president of the

independent Republic of the Philippines. He

served as president from the granting of

independence in 1946 until his abrupt death in

1948. His term as Philippine president is also

the shortest; 1 year 10 months and 18 days.


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His administration demonstrated decisively thatpolitical sovereignty without economic independenceencourages reaction, perpetuation of social injustices, andexploitation.

In December 1931 Roxas, together with Senatepresident pro tempore Sergio Osmea, left for theUnited States to secure the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act fromthe U.S. Congress, which would grant Philippineindependence after a transition period of 10 years. This billwas rejected by the opposition forces led by ManuelQuezon. In 1934 Roxas was elected to the constitutionalconvention. In 1938 he was appointed secretary of financeby Commonwealth president Quezon and then became histrusted adviser. In 1941 Roxas ran for the Senate and won.


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Elpidio Rivera Quirino (November 16, 1890 February 29,1956) was a Filipinopolitician, and the sixth President of thePhilippines.

After graduating from the College of Law, University of thePhilippines, in 1915, Quirino served as law clerk in the Philippine

Commission and then as secretary to Senate president ManuelQuezon. In 1919 Quirino won the post of congressionalrepresentative from the first district of Ilocos Sur. He opposedSergio Osmea, the leader of the Nacionalista party, and joinedQuezon's Collectivista faction of the party. In 1925 Quirino waselected to the Senate. Quezon appointed him chairman of the

Committee on Accounts and Claims and of the Committee on PublicInstruction and to other important congressional bodies. In 1931Quirino was re-elected to the Senate. In the controversy surroundingthe Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law of 1933, he sided with Quezon.


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In 1934 Quirino became secretary of finance. He was also one of the draftersof the constitution approved on May 15, 1935. When the Philippine Commonwealthwas inaugurated on Nov. 15, 1935, he held the position of secretaryof finance (1935-1936) and then became secretary of interior (1936-1938). In 1941he was elected as senator-at-large. When World War II broke out, Quirino refused tojoin the puppet government of Jos Laurel and became an underground leader of

the Filipino resistance movement against the Japanese. He was captured andimprisoned by the Japanese military police in Ft. Santiago, and his wife, twodaughters, and a son were murdered by the Japanese forces.

In 1945 Quirino became the leader of the majority in the Philippine Congressand then assumed the post of president pro tempore of the Senate. On theinauguration of the Philippine Republic in 1946, he occupied the post of vicepresident and first secretary of foreign affairs. In 1947 Quirino (who belonged tothe class of landlords, compradors, and bureaucrat-capitalists) urged the adoption ofthe anomalous "parity amendment," imposed by the U.S. government in exchangefor independence, war damage payments, and other loans.


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Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay (August 31,1907 - March 17, 1957) was the third Presidentof the Third Republic of the Philippines from

December 30, 1953 until his death in aplanecrash in 1957. He was elected President underthe banner of theNacionalista Party.


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In Congress, Magsaysay served as chairman of the HouseCommittee on National Defense and belonged to numerous othercommittees. In April 1948 President Manuel Roxas appointedMagsaysay to head a veterans' mission to Washington which lobbiedfor the passage of the Rogers bill. In 1950 Magsaysay attacked the

Liberal party-dominated administration for corruption and called forreforms of the deplorable social conditions which had produced theHukbalahap rebellion (the rebels were peasants fighting fordemocratic rights, equality, and justice). Time (Nov. 26, 1951)reported that "when politicians kept him from buying Quonset hutshe needed as schoolhouses for Zambales, he gathered some of his

wartime guerillas, raided a surplus dump, and made off with 140huts. Later he paid for them--50 centavos (25 cents) apiece, the pricehe figured the profiteer who owned them had paid in the first place."Prompted by his American advisers, President Elpidio Quirinoappointed Magsaysay secretary of national defense on Sept. 1, 1950.


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Carlos Polstico Garca (November 4,

1896 June 14, 1971)was a Filipino teacher,

poet, orator, lawyer, public official, and

guerrilla leader. He became the8th President of the Philippines known for his

"Filipino First" policy, which put the interests

of the Filipino people above those offoreigners and of the ruling party.


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Garcia was born in the town of Talibon on the island ofBohol. His father served as mayor of the town for fourterms. Garcia earned a law degree from Philippine LawSchool in 1923 and taught high school for several years

after that. Due to his poetic abilities, he was known as the"Bard from Bohol." He entered politics in 1925 as amember of the Nacionalista party and served ascongressman of the third district of Bohol until 1931, whenhe became governor of Bohol. In 1941, he was electedsenator, and was re-elected after World War II. He became

vice president in 1953. He assumed the presidency whenPresident Ramon Magsaysay died in a plane crash on 17March 1957. He subsequently won the presidency in hisown right in elections of November of that year.


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Diosdado Pangan Macapagal (September 28, 1910 April 21, 1997) was the 9th President of the Philippines,serving from 1961 to 1965, and the 6th Vice President of thePhilippines, serving from 1957 to 1961.

Macapagal graduated from the University of thePhilippines and University of Santo Tomas, after which heworked as a lawyer for the government. He first wonelection in 1949 to the House of Representatives,representing a district in his home province ofPampanga. In1957 he became vice president in the administration ofPresident Carlos P. Garcia, and in 1961 he defeated Garcia'sre-election bid for the presidency.


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He worked his way through law school andjoined the largest U.S. law firm inManila while the Philippines was still a U.S.colony. After independence he joined theDepartment of Foreign Affairs, rising to theposition of second secretary of the Philippineembassy in Washington, D.C. While inWashington, Macapagal conducted graduate work

in economics, earning a Ph.D. in 1957. He wastwice elected to the Philippine Congress, servingfrom 19491956, and was vice president from19571961.


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Philippine president Ferdinand Edralin

Marcos (1917-1989) began his career/ in

politics with the murder of Julio Nalundasan in1935, and ended it with the murder of Benigno

Aquino, Jr., in 1983. Some believe his entire

life was based on fraud, deceit, and plunder,

and his two decades as president have come toepitomize the worst excesses of autocratic rule.


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Achievements and Contributions:Achievements and Contributions:

Marcos did well in school, as he had an extraordinary memory whichallowed him to quickly memorize complicated texts and recite themforwards or backwards. In college, Marcos' principal interest was the .22-caliber college pistol team. On September 20, 1935, Julio Nalundasan wasat home celebrating that day's Congressional election victory over MarianoMarcos when he was shot and killed with a .22-caliber bullet fired by the18-year-old Marcos. Three years later, the honors student who was in hissenior year of law school, was arrested for Nalundasan's murder. A yearlater, now a law school graduate, he was found guilty "beyond anyreasonable doubt." Jailed, Marcos spent six months writing his own 830-page appeal. He also took the Philippine bar exam and passed with scoresso high he was accused of cheating. Upon an oral re-examination by theSupreme Court, Marcos scored even higher with his remarkable memory.When the Supreme Court finally took up Marcos's appeal in 1940, thejudge in charge (allegedly influenced by Judge Chua) was disposed tosimply throw the case out. Marcos was a free man. The next day, hereturned to the Supreme Court where he was administered his oath as alawyer.


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Maria Corazon Sumulong CojuangcoAquino was the wife of Former senator

Benigno Aquino Jr., who was the staunchestcritic of President Marcos. When her husbanddied in August 21, 1983, she continued herhusbands goal and became the Mother of

Democracy. Then, she became the first femalepresident of the Philippines. She was out of theoffice in June30, 1992. She died of cardiacarrest in August 1, 2009.


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After her husband's assassination, the widowed Aquino became the unwillingAfter her husband's assassination, the widowed Aquino became the unwillingand reluctant leader of the opposition against the authoritarian rule of the Marcosand reluctant leader of the opposition against the authoritarian rule of the Marcosregime. She united the fragmented opposition and strengthened its moral crusaderegime. She united the fragmented opposition and strengthened its moral crusadeagainst the abuses and excesses of President Marcos' martial rule. In late 1985,against the abuses and excesses of President Marcos' martial rule. In late 1985,when President Marcos called for a snap election, Cory Aquino was called upon bywhen President Marcos called for a snap election, Cory Aquino was called upon bythe people to challenge his regime. Reluctant at first, Aquino thrust herself into thethe people to challenge his regime. Reluctant at first, Aquino thrust herself into the

political arena after one million signatures urging her to run for president werepolitical arena after one million signatures urging her to run for president werepresented to her.presented to her.

Despite having no prior political experience, except being her husbandDespite having no prior political experience, except being her husbandNinoy's wife, Aquino proved to be a charismatic leader, inspiring orator and skilledNinoy's wife, Aquino proved to be a charismatic leader, inspiring orator and skilledcampaigner. She ran for president with former senatorcampaigner. She ran for president with former senatorSalvador LaurelSalvador Laurel as her viceas her vice--presidential running mate. When the Marcos alliespresidential running mate. When the Marcos allies--dominateddominated BatasangBatasangPambansaPambansaproclaimed Ferdinand Marcos as the winner in the 1986 Snapproclaimed Ferdinand Marcos as the winner in the 1986 SnapPresidential Elections, Cory called for massive civil disobedience protests againstPresidential Elections, Cory called for massive civil disobedience protests against

him, declaring herself as having been cheated and as the real winner in thehim, declaring herself as having been cheated and as the real winner in theelections. Filipinos enthusiastically heeded her call and rallied behind her. Theseelections. Filipinos enthusiastically heeded her call and rallied behind her. Theseseries of events eventually led to the ouster of Marcos from power and theseries of events eventually led to the ouster of Marcos from power and theinstallation of Aquino as president of the Philippines in February 1986, an eventinstallation of Aquino as president of the Philippines in February 1986, an eventwhich is now known as the historic 1986 EDSAwhich is now known as the historic 1986 EDSA People Power RevolutionPeople Power Revolution..


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Under Ramos' leadership, the Philippines experienced a period ofUnder Ramos' leadership, the Philippines experienced a period ofpolitical stability and rapid economic growth and expansion, as a result ofpolitical stability and rapid economic growth and expansion, as a result ofhis policies and programs designed to foster national reconciliation andhis policies and programs designed to foster national reconciliation andunity. Ramos was able to secure major peace agreements with Muslimunity. Ramos was able to secure major peace agreements with Muslimseparatists, communist insurgents and military rebels, which renewedseparatists, communist insurgents and military rebels, which renewedinvestor confidence in the Philippine economy. Ramos also aggressivelyinvestor confidence in the Philippine economy. Ramos also aggressivelypushed for the deregulation of the nation's major industries and thepushed for the deregulation of the nation's major industries and theprivatization of bad government assets. As a result of his handsprivatization of bad government assets. As a result of his hands--ononapproach to the economy, the Philippines was dubbed by variousapproach to the economy, the Philippines was dubbed by variousinternational magazines and observers as Asia's Next Economic Tiger.international magazines and observers as Asia's Next Economic Tiger.

However, the momentum in the economic gains made under theHowever, the momentum in the economic gains made under theRamos Administration was briefly interrupted during the onset of theRamos Administration was briefly interrupted during the onset of the

19971997 Asian Financial CrisisAsian Financial Crisis. Nevertheless, during the last year of Ramos'. Nevertheless, during the last year of Ramos'term, the economy managed to make a rebound since it was not severely hitterm, the economy managed to make a rebound since it was not severely hitby the crisis as compared to other Asian economies.by the crisis as compared to other Asian economies.

To date, Ramos is the first and only nonTo date, Ramos is the first and only non--Catholic President of theCatholic President of thePhilippines. He is aPhilippines. He is a ProtestantProtestant and belongs to theand belongs to the United Methodist ChurchUnited Methodist Church..


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Joseph Ejercito EstradaJoseph Ejercito Estrada (born(born Jose MarceloJose MarceloEjercitoEjercito on April 19, 1937) was theon April 19, 1937) was the 13th13th President ofPresident ofthe Philippinesthe Philippines, serving from 1998 until his ouster in, serving from 1998 until his ouster in

thethe2001 EDSA Revolution2001 EDSA Revolution..Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playingEstrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing

the lead role in over 100 films in an acting careerthe lead role in over 100 films in an acting careerspanning 33 years. He leveraged his popularity as anspanning 33 years. He leveraged his popularity as anactor to make gains in politics, serving as mayor ofactor to make gains in politics, serving as mayor ofSanSanJuanJuan for seventeen years, asfor seventeen years, as SenatorSenator for one term, thenfor one term, thenasas Vice President of the PhilippinesVice President of the Philippines under theunder theadministration of Presidentadministration of President Fidel RamosFidel Ramos..


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Estrada was elected President in 1998 with a wideEstrada was elected President in 1998 with a widemargin of votes separating him from the other challengers,margin of votes separating him from the other challengers,and was sworn into the presidency on June 30, 1998. Heand was sworn into the presidency on June 30, 1998. Heassumed office amid theassumed office amid the Asian Financial CrisisAsian Financial Crisis and withand withagricultural problems due to poor weather conditions,agricultural problems due to poor weather conditions,

thereby slowing theeconomic growth. Eventually, thethereby slowing theeconomic growth. Eventually, theeconomy recovered but at a slower pace than its Asianeconomy recovered but at a slower pace than its Asianneighborsneighbors. In 2000 he declared an "all. In 2000 he declared an "all--outout--war" againstwar" againstthethe Moro Islamic Liberation FrontMoro Islamic Liberation Front and captured it'sand captured it'sheadquarters and other campsheadquarters and other camps[1][1][2][2]. However, allegations of. However, allegations ofcorruption spawned ancorruption spawned an impeachmentimpeachment trial in theSenate,trial in theSenate,and in 2001 Estrada was ousted from power after the trialand in 2001 Estrada was ousted from power after the trialwas aborted.was aborted.

In 2007, he was found guilty ofIn 2007, he was found guilty ofplunderplunder and sentencedand sentencedtoto reclusionreclusion perpetuaperpetua, but was later granted a, but was later granted a pardonpardon bybyPresidentPresident Gloria MacapagalGloria Macapagal--ArroyoArroyo


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[1][1] presidentpresidentof the Philippinesof the Philippines

DiosdadoDiosdadoMacapagalMacapagal

Don JuanDon JuanMacapagalMacapagal LakandulaLakandula

SaludungSaludung


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A professor of economics, Arroyo entered government in 1987, serving asassistant secretary and undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industryuponthe invitation of President Corazon Aquino. After serving as a senator from 1992 to1998, she was elected to the vice presidency under President Joseph Estrada,despite having run on an opposing ticket. After Estrada was accused of corruption,she resigned her cabinet position as Secretary of Social Welfare and

Development and joined the growing opposition to the president, who facedimpeachment. Estrada was soon forced from office by what its advocates wouldascribe to peaceful street demonstrations of the EDSA Revolution of 2001, butwhich critics credit to a conspiracy among political and business elites, military topbrass and Catholic Church bishop Jaime Cardinal Sin.[3] Arroyo was sworn into thepresidency by then-Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. at around noon on January 20,2001 amidst the EDSA II crowd, hours before Estrada left Malacaang. She waselected to a full six-year presidential term in the controversial May 2004 Philippine

elections, and was sworn in on June 30, 2004. Arroyo is nearing her 10th year inpower and is currently serving the second longest presidential term in Philippinehistory, next to Ferdinand Marcos

In the 2009 rankings of Most Powerful Women by Forbes, she was ranked asthe 44th most powerful woman in the world.[4]

A professor of economics, Arroyo entered government in 1987, serving asassistant secretary and undersecretary of the Department of Trade and Industryuponthe invitation of President Corazon Aquino. After serving as a senator from 1992 to1998, she was elected to the vice presidency under President Joseph Estrada,despite having run on an opposing ticket. After Estrada was accused of corruption,she resigned her cabinet position as Secretary of Social Welfare and

Development and joined the growing opposition to the president, who facedimpeachment. Estrada was soon forced from office by what its advocates wouldascribe to peaceful street demonstrations of the EDSA Revolution of 2001, butwhich critics credit to a conspiracy among political and business elites, military topbrass and Catholic Church bishop Jaime Cardinal Sin.[3] Arroyo was sworn into thepresidency by then-Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. at around noon on January 20,2001 amidst the EDSA II crowd, hours before Estrada left Malacaang. She waselected to a full six-year presidential term in the controversial May 2004 Philippine

elections, and was sworn in on June 30, 2004. Arroyo is nearing her 10th year inpower and is currently serving the second longest presidential term in Philippinehistory, next to Ferdinand Marcos

In the 2009 rankings of Most Powerful Women by Forbes, she was ranked asthe 44th most powerful woman in the world.[4]


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Thank You for Watching!!!

Alyzza Victoria C. Torres

6-St. John


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