PROJECT LIFETCY98/CY/167INTEGRATED INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL AND

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCESIPPC-The Situation in Cyprus

Leandros NicolaidesSenior Labour Inspection Officer

Department of Labour Inspection

Ministry of Labour & Social Insurance

The Cyprus Situation - 1

Population : 751 500 of whom

639 200 Greek Cypriots

88 200 Turkish Cypriots

Area 9 251 sq. Km

10 000 Industrial Installations generating wastes other than municipal

The Cyprus Situation - 2

Amounts of Industrial Wastes

- Solid : 84 000 t/a

- Liquid : 3.1 mil. M3/a

Cyprus is a member of

The 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and

The EMEP Protocol to the Convention

Air Emissions

1990 2000 2010

SO2 , Kt 46 50 39

NO2 , Kt 18 22 23

CO2 , Mt 5 7 7

Cyprus - SO2 Emitter- Receiver, t/a

Emits to Receives from3 200 CY 3 200 CY1 200 RU 200 IT7 000 TR 2 400 TR16 800 MED 1 000 MED200 GR

Cyprus - NO2 Emitter- Receiver, t/a

Emits to Receives from

1 980 CY 1 980 CY

330 RU 300 GR

2 600 TR 2 600 TR

7 500 MED 2 300 MED

300 IT

SO2 Emissions, Kg/head1999 Data

Belgium 24,5 Germany 15,9 Spain 57,3 Sweden 7,6 UK 22 Greece 57,2 CYPRUS 75,3 will be <60 by 2010

THE IPPC DIRECTIVE

Based on the E .C. 5th Environmental Action Programme, adopted in 1993.

Adopted in 1996 Into effect : October 1999

THE IPPC DIRECTIVE - One of the three approaches in E.U.

1. Command - and Control e.g. LCP Directive.

2. Flexible legislation e.g. IPPC Directive.

3. Voluntary/Market -based e.g. EMAS Regulation, emissions trading scheme

IPPC - BASIC PROVISIONS

Purpose :

To achieve integrated prevention and control of pollution from a wide range of activities by the introduction of measures which will reduce air, water and land pollution, considering the environment as a whole.

Six main categories

1. Energy

2. Production/processing of metals

3. Mineral industry

4. Chemical industry

5. Waste management

6. Other (pulp and paper, tanning, certain agricultural installations)

General Principles

Application of BAT´s Avoidance of Waste production Recovery of wastes where possible Disposal ¨avoiding or reducing any impact

on the environment¨ Efficient use of energy Accident prevention and mitigation Return of the site to a satisfactory state.

Permitting Procedure

Integrated approach - full co-ordination of the Authorities involved

Permit conditions based on BAT´s

BAT´s

Concept plays central role in the Directive

Best means ….. Available means …. Techniques means…

Information Exchange on BAT´s

Information Exchange on BAT´s

1. Reporting to Commission by M.S.

2. BREFS Industrial activities grouped in about 30

sectors + Cross - sectoral issues (horizontal

BREFS) Responsibility for BREFS: DG- Envir. Techn.Work : Eur. IPPC Bureau, Seville

IPPC - DIRECTIVE

Conclusions of a Workshop

The Hague , April 2001

1. One of the most difficult Directives.

2. Contributes to innovation, economic and social cohesion, fair competition

3. Permit required. Ideally 1 permit, 1 authority, 1 procedure.

4. It is flexible.

5. Application of BAT requires technical resources.

6. BREFS are living documents, should not serve as an Act.

7. Constructive dialogue is useful.

8. Public participation/information dissemination are vital components of the Directive.

9. Confidentiality of information is of particular interest.

10. Presupposes the development of Administrative structures and scientific knowledge.

11. Training of Authorities and Inspectors is important.

13. Synergies among IPPC, EIA, SEVESO, EMAS.

THE CYPRUS SITUATION

30 Industrial Installations

72 Installations for the Raising of Pigs or Poultry

Belonging to

15 Categories altogether

The 15 categories

1. Landfill sites

2. Ceramic and Tiles

3. Lime

4. Cement

5. Energy

6. Rendering

7. Metal Plating

The 15 Categories con´d.

8. Mineral oil

9. Refineries

10. Slaughter Houses

11. Metal foundries

12. Hydrometallurgical Processes

13. Aluminium Recycling

14. Piggeries

15. Poultry Raising

All 15 categories known/assessed

All Industrial Installations licensed under the Atmospheric Pollution Control Law and the Waters Pollution Control Law

Only a few of the Pigs/Poultry Farms licensed under the Waters Pollution Control Law

All 15 Categories

BAT’s prepared for all Categories

Based on E.U. BREF’s, European National ( Greece, Ireland,

U.K. ) or International ( World Bank ) documents

Gap Analysis prepared for each Category

Gap Analysis

Comparison of the present prevailing situation within each category with that required by the BAT

identification of Gaps

Prescription of measures needed to close the Gaps

Main Gaps

Power Industry ……. closing soon Landfill Sites GAP Lime ……….closing soon Cement ………closing soon Slaughter Houses ………closing soon Ferrous metal Foundries... closing soon Pigs/Poultry Farms GAP

EXAMPLES OF POLLUTION PREVENTING

MEASURES 1. Batteries Manufacturer Total effluent stream chemically

treated and re-used.

The produced Sludge from the treatment process exported for Pb recovery

2. Dairy Industry

The effluent stream is biologically treated and the water is used for the irrigation of fruit trees.

The sludge is used as a soil conditioner

3. Brewery

The effluent streams are treated both anaerobically and aerobically.

Anaerobic treatment : Biogas utilised as needed

Aerobic: The water is used for irrigation

Sludge : To CWWTP at Vathia Gonia Spent yeast : Animal feed

4. Pesticides Formulator

All washings of tanks and of drums kept and re-used.

Dust from the bag filters used as filler in the formulations.

5. Bricks and Tiles

New technology introduced ( tunnel kiln, pulsed combustion) resulted in 30% savings in fuel consumption.

Energy recovery at high levels

6. Cement Production

Bag filter up-grading

From 300mg/Nm3

to 50 mg/Nm3

Result:

Clinker capture 750 kg/day

7. Paints production

Unit for the recovery of spent solvents

8. Ice Cream production

Implementation of a water management system

Result:

30% reduction in effluents quantity.

9. Soap production

Use of high purity raw materials

Results:

- Liquid effluents eliminated

- Production improved

- Production costs lowered

10. Plastics Industry

All scrub and off-specifications products milled and re-used.

11. Plasters Industry

Installation of a bag filter

- Resulted in the capture of high valued micronised dust sold as filler in the paints and other industries

- Pay-back period : 2 and 1/2 years

12. Compressor leakage - Example Say 1cfm leakage P= 0,0643*Ta*γ*q0*[(pb/pa) 1-1/(γ -1)

]/{520*(γ-1)*η] pa : pressure, state a

Ta : temperature, state a γ=1,31 η=Compressor efficiency qo: cfm, std conditions

pb : pressure, state b

Compressor leakage, con´d

P= 0,32hp For electrical efficiency 0,90 P=0,35hp per 1 cfm For 1 lit/min P=0,012hp For 4h operation W=0,036kWh For 5c/kWh cost : CP 0,18 per 1l/m

leakage