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Introduction to Project Management/ Project Life Cycle
Sections of this presentation were adapted from A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge 5th Edition, Project Management Institute Inc., © 2013
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What is Project
“A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result. “ PMBOK
The temporary does not mean it is short.It means a project has a definite beginning and end.
The end : the project’s objectives have been achieved the project is terminated because
End can be defined when customer, sponsor,or champion is satisfied or does not want to continue.
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What is Project
Every project creates a unique tangible or intangible outcome which can be product, service, or result. It can also be an improvement in the existing product or service.
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Project Management Process Groups
Project management processes are categorized into five Process Groups: Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, Closing.
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Project Management
Managing a project typically includes, but is not limited to: Identifying requirements; Managing stakeholders Balancing the competing project constraints, which
include, but are not limited to: Scope, Quality, Schedule, Budget, Resources, and Risks.
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Program Management
A program refers to group of related projects, subprograms, and program activities managed in acoordinated way to obtain benefits not available from managing them individually. A portfolio is defined as programs ,projects, sub-portfolios, and portfolio operations managed as a group to achieve strategic objectives. Projects of a program are related through the common outcome or collective capability.The projects or programs of the portfolio may not necessarily be interdependent or directly related
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Program and Portfolio Management
Projects within a program are related through the common outcome or collective capability. If the projects are related only since there is a
shared client, seller, technology, resource then these projects should be managed as a portfolio.
Programs may include elements of related work outside the scope of the discrete projects in the program.
A project may or may not be part of a program but a program will always have projects.
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Project and Statement of Work (SOW)
A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service.”
A SOW is a narrative description of products or services to be supplied under contract.
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Project Management
“The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques
to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder
needs
and expectations from a project.”
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Trends that Impact Environment of Projects
Team environment- location Contract PM and outsourcing Interpersonal skills Multinational- multicultural projects Dependence on technology Corporate globalization Massive mergers and reorganizations Flatter organizations Short-term results driven Organization’s established communications
channels
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A Balanced Project
Time Cost
Scope
Quality
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Project Management Office (PMO)
PMO is a management structure that standardizes the project-related governance processes and facilitates. The involvement of a PMO to projects ranges, therefore there are three types of PMOs
Supportive • Has consultative role to projects• Supplies supplying templates, best practices, training, access to information and lessons learned from other projects.
Controlling • Provides specific rules for adaptation of frameworks or methodologies
Directive • Directly controls the projects.
Degree of Control
Low
High
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What can be Differences between the role of projectmanagers and a PMO?
Please be ready to discuss
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Business Value
Business value is a concept that is unique to each organization. Business value is defined as the entire value of the business; the total sum of all tangible and intangible elements.
Whether an organization is a private, government agency or a nonprofit organization, all organizations focus on creating business value for their activities.
Interpersonal• Figurehead• Leader• LiaisonInformational Roles• Monitor• Disseminator• SpokespersonDecisional Roles• Entrepreneur• Resource Allocator• Disturbance Allocator• Negotiator
Role of Project Manager
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Skills of Project Manager Conflict Resolution Creativity and Flexibility Ability to Adjust to Change Good Planning Negotiation & Communication should have attitude of “win-win” Leadership, Team building, Motivation,
Communication, Influencing, Decision making, Political and cultural
awareness, Trust building, Conflict management, and Coaching.
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Contrast Projects and Operations
Projects Create own charter, organization, and goalsCatalyst for changeUnique product or serviceHeterogeneous teamsStart and end date
OperationsSemi-permanent charter,
organization, and goalsMaintains status quoStandard product or serviceHomogeneous teamsOngoing
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Common Pitfalls for Project Management
Unclear objectives Lack of senior management support Lack of effective project integration Inadequate funding Change in business priorities Original assumptions invalid Ineffective team Lack of effective communication processes Change of External Factors More?
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Potential Benefits of PM for the Organization
Improved control Improved project support opportunities Improved performance
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Potential Benefits of PM for You
Recognition of PM as a profession Future source of company leaders High visibility of project results Growth opportunities Build your reputation and network Portable skills and experience
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Key Concepts
Project phase: “A collection of phases related project activities from its start to the completion of a major deliverable.”
Product life cycle: The natural grouping of ideas, decisions, and actions into product phases, from product conception to operations to product phase-out.
Project Life Cycle
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Typical Cost and Staffing Levels Life Cycle
PMBOOK 2013
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Impact of Variable Based on Project Time
PMBOOK 2013
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Project Phases
A project phase is a collection of logically related project activities that culminates in the completion of one or more deliverables.
There is no single or correct way to define phases
Phase-to-Phase Relationships1. Sequential relationship2. Overlapping relationship.
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Project Life Cycle- Example of a Single Phase Project
Initiation
Planning
Execution
Closing
Time
Monitoring and Controlling Processes
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Project Life Cycle Types
Predictive Life Cycles-(fully plan-driven)Iterative and Incremental Life CyclesAdaptive life cycles (also known as change-driven or agile methods)
Predictive Life Cycles-(fully plan-driven)
Plan
Design
Implement
Test
Time
Release
Concentrates on thorough, upfront planning of the entire project.Avoid changes, low customer interactionRequires a high degree of predictability to be effective.
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Planning
Analyzing
Designing
Small Release
Requirementt
Planning
Analyzing
Execution
Requirementt
Release n
Small Release n.....
..........
.....
.....Release 1
Bigger Release n
Iterative and Incremental Life Cycles
Execution
Designing
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It is used for unpredictable / rapidly changing requirements
It is also iterative and incremental- but iterations are VERY FAST
Aim is to respond to high levels of change and ongoing stakeholder involvement.
It is ideal for exploratory projects (e.g. new product / service line development) in which requirements need to be discovered and new technology tested.
It requires active collaboration between the project team and customer representatives Real-time communication (prefer face-
to-face), very little written documentation
Adaptive life cycles (Agile Methods)
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It helps to Minimize risk due short iterations
It requires Continuous integration, verification, and validation of the evolving product.
It embraces change It has high level of customer interaction and
provides frequent demonstration of progress to increase the likelihood that the end product will satisfy customer needs.
It helps to detect defects and problems as very early stages
Adaptive life cycles (Agile Methods)
Popular Agile PM Methods
CLIFFORD F. GRAY, ERIK W. LARSON, LARSON ERIK PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS 2011 BY MCGRAW-HILL
Agile PM Methods
Crystal Clear
RUP (Rational Unified Process)
Dynamic Systems Development
Method (DSDM)
Scrum
Extreme Programming
Agile Modeling
Rapid Product Development (PRD)
Lean Development
Agile PM in Action: Scrum Methodology
Used by cross-functional teams to collaborate and develop a new product / service.
Interact customers as early as possible Defines product features as deliverables and
prioritizes them by their perceived highest value to the customer.
Re-evaluates priorities after each iteration (sprint) to produce fully functional features.
Has four phases:
analysis, design, build, test
17–32
Agile PM in Action: Scrum Methodology
• Iterative, incremental process in order to maximize productivity
• It is a Team-based approach for developing systems/ products with rapidly changing requirements
• Controls the chaos of conflicting interest and needs
• Improve communication and maximize cooperation
17–33
Key Roles Scrum Process
Product Owner Acts on behalf of customers prioritize customers values and interests. Development Team Is a team of five-nine people with cross-functional skill sets is responsible for delivering the product. Scrum Master (aka Project Manager) Facilitates scrum process and resolves impediments at the team and organization level by acting as a buffer between the team and outside interference.
17–34
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Scrum Master-daily questions
What did you do since the last Scrum? What are you doing until the next Scrum?What is stopping you getting on with the work?
For more information about Scrum please search for the internet.
Discuss PM Life Cycles
Which one to use, why,?
Which is best and when?
17–36
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The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK®)
The Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) documents 9 project management knowledge areas
The PMBOK® Guide is published and maintained by the Project Management Institute (PMI)
http://www.pmi.org PMI provides a certification in project
management called the Project Management Professional (PMP) that many people today believe will be as relevant as a CPA certification
PMP certification requires that you pass a PMP certification exam to demonstrate a level of understanding about project management, as well as satisfy education & experience requirements and agree to a professional code of conduct
PMBOK® Guide and PMI