Project on Mktng Mgt (Logo Quiz)

8/14/2019 Project on Mktng Mgt (Logo Quiz)

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project on:

marketing management

topic : international logos

submitted by : ms. Amrita koli.Roll no. : 3course : m.m.s 1st year.

submitted to :prof. amit

gupta


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RED CROSSConstituted under an Act of Indian Legislative council in 1920

it is auxiliary to the state authorities and armed forces medical

services as per statutes of the Red Cross Red Crescent

Movement.

When the first World War broke out in 1914, India had no

machinery for organizing relief to those affected by the war,

except a branch of the St. John Ambulance Association.Following the example of Britain where war relief services

were being rendered by a Joint Committee of the British Red

Cross, a branch of the same Committee was started to

undertake the much needed relief services in collaboration

with the St. John Ambulance Association in aid of the soldiers

as well as civilian sufferers of the horrors of the war.

A bill to constitute the Indian Red Cross Society, Independent

of the British Red Cross, was introduced in the Indian

Legislative Council on 3rd March 1920 by Sir Claud Hill,

member of the Viceroy's Executive Council who was also the

Chairman of the Joint War Committee in India. The Bill was

passed on 17th March 1920 and became Act XV of 1920 with

the assent of the Governor General on the 20th March 1920.

On the 7th June 1920, fifty members were formally nominated

to constitute the Indian Red Cross Society and the firstManaging Body was elected from among them with Sir

Malcolm Haily as Chairman.

Thus, the Indian Red Cross Society was born in 1920.
http://www.indianredcross.org/Managing_Body_2009.pdfhttp://www.indianredcross.org/Managing_Body_2009.pdf


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UNITED NATIONS

The United Nations is an international organization founded in

1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed

to maintaining international peace and security, developing

friendly relations among nations and promoting social

progress, better living standards and human rights. Due to its

unique international character, and the powers vested in its

founding Charter, the Organization can take action on a widerange of issues, and provide a forum for its 192 Member States

to express their views, through the General Assembly, the

Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other

bodies and committees.

The work of the United Nations reaches every corner of the

globe. Although best known for peacekeeping, peacebuilding,

conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance, there are

many other ways the United Nations and its System(specialized agencies, funds and programmes) affect our lives

and make the world a better place. The Organization works on

a broad range of fundamental issues, from sustainable

development, environment and refugees protection, disaster

relief, counter terrorism, disarmament and non-proliferation,

to promoting democracy, human rights, governance, economic

and social development and international health, clearing

landmines, expanding food production, and more, in order toachieve its goals and coordinate efforts for a safer world for

this and future generation.


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KFC

The history and successes of KFC are tied to Colonel Harland

Sanders - the inventor of a special mix of 11 sorts of herbs and

spices, which is only used to season chicken in KFC

restaurants. Colonel Sanders, whose portrait we can see in the

KFC logo, is regarded as a pioneer of fast food restaurants and

franchising.

It is the year 1930. Colonel Harland Sanders has bought amotel and a coffee house at Corbin in the American state of

Kentucky. Nine years later, in 1939, aged 40, he creates a

secret mix of 11 sorts of herbs and spices called the Original

Recipe. He served chicken thus prepared in his restaurants.

After 17 years Sanders decided to sell his secret recipe to

owners of other restaurants. In 1968 there were already 638

KFC restaurants and in 1971 as many as 3,500 restaurants.

Today, the network of KFC restaurants offers tasty chicken

meals in more than 11,000 restaurants in 90 countries around

the world. The first KFC restaurant in the Czech Republic was

opened in 1994 in Vodikova Street in Prague.

Although KFC restaurants offer more than 400 different

products (from Chicken Pita in Kuwait to a Salmon Sandwich

in Japan and the Mean Greens in the USA), the core product is

chicken prepared according to the secret recipe of ColonelSanders.

In the Czech Republic, we have more than 50 KFC restaurants

to date.


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Some interesting information about KFC:

Colonel Sanders created his secret recipe consisting of 11

herbs and spices in 1939.

KFC sells 914 million pieces of chicken every year.

KFC opens on average one new restaurant every day.


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It was first introduced as "Brad's Drink"in New Bern, North

Carolina in 1898 by Caleb Bradham, who made it at his

pharmacy where the drink was sold. It was later named PepsiCola, possibly due to the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts

used in the recipe.[1] Bradham sought to create a fountain drink

that was delicious and would aid in digestion and boost energy.[2]

In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his

drugstore to a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968

gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce

bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1909, automobilerace pioneer Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse

Pepsi-Cola, describing it as "A bully drink...refreshing,

invigorating, a fine bracer before a race".[3] The advertising

theme "Delicious and Healthful" was then used over the next two

decades. In 1926, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the

original design of 1905. In the year 1929, the logo was changed

again.


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B M W

The very first BMW car was the BMW 3/15 PS, also known as Dixi

DA 1. At first, the Dixi DA 1 was no more than an Austin Seven,

produced under license by Eisenach Fahrzeugfabrik in Germany.

BMW bought this company in November 1928 as they wanted to

start producing cars. The Dixi DA 1 was produced from 1927 until

1929. The first genuine BMW Dixi was the Dixi Da 2, introduced atthe end of 1929. This was the first car that had the now famous

blue / white BMW emblem. The Da 2 was basicly the same as the

DA 1, but now with some important improvements, like adjustable

seats and better breaks. In 1930 the DA 3 came available. This car

was

a two seater Roadster, with a 18 HP 4 cylinder engine, reaching 100

km/h. No more than 150 DA 3 cars were made ... The Dixi Da 2

remained available until 1932, when the license with Austin ended.

At the same time, BMW introduced their first own design, the 3/20.

It had a 20 HP 4 cylinder engine and was produced until 1934. The

first BMW 6 cylinder was the 303, which was also the first BMW to

have the famous "kidney grille", which is still used on current cars!

The 1.2 litre 6 cylinder had 30 HP and could do 100 km/h. A 315

and 319 soon followed, as did the 328. The 328 was a very successful

sports car, it had a 2 litre 6 cylinder engine with 80HP,

good for 166 km/h. It won several races, including the 1940 Mille

Miglia. But with the start of World War 2, production slowly startedto end ... the BMW 335, with a 6 cylinder 90 HP engine, was the last

post World War 2 BMW produced .

The first BMW after World War 2, the 1951 501, was a beautiful

car, but way too expensive. And the engine was far too weak (60 HP


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6 cylinder) to move the 1340 KG

car around. The 1952 501 received a 65 HP engine, but a 2.6 8

cylinder became available in 1955. The last 501 left the factory in

1961. In 1958, BMW launched the 502, which had a 2.6 litre V8engine producing 95 HP and a top speed of 160 km/h.

The 502 3.2, introduced in 1955, had 120 HP and the rare 502 3.2 S

had 140 HP. After a few name changes, production of the big V8

saloons stopped in 1964. Isetta, that is the name of the BMW that

was introduced in 1955. This little cute car had a 1 cylinder 12 HP

engine, which could do 85 km/h. A 13 HP Isetta came available a

year later, but production of all Isetta cars stopped in 1962, after

just 136.367 Isetta's build. The beautiful 503 and 507, bothintroduced in 1955, were no success either. The 1959 BMW 700 was

a step in the good direction but BMW's financial situation was bad.

So bad that selling BMW to rival Mercedes Benz was

very close. But thanks to the dealers and Dr. Herbert Quandt, who

bought a large quantity of BMW stock, BMW survived. The launch

of the 1500 (also known as E8) in 1961 was a fresh start for

BMW:the car became a real success! More engines soon became

available, like the 1600, 1800, 2000, 2000 Tii and the very rare 1800

Ti/Sa, which had 130 HP. More success came with the launch of the

1600-2 in 1966. A smaller, 2 door version of the 1600. The 1600-2

had an 85 HP 4 cylinder and a top speed of 160 km/h. The 2 litre,

100 HP strong2002 (code name E10) followed

in 1968, as did the 2002 Ti, with 120 HP. A 1602, 1802 and 2002Tii

(130 HP) soon followed, as did a 2002 Turbo, which had 170 HP.

The introduction of the 2500 (E3) in 1968 saw the return of the

larger sedans, followed by a coupe version: the 2800

CS and later the 3.0 CSi (E9).These were the last cars before the introduction of the 5 series in

1972, the 3 series in 1975, the 6 series in 1976 and the 7 series in

1977.


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DOMINOS

Privately held Domino's, Inc. is the number two pizza chain in the

world, trailing only the Pizza Hut division of YUM! Brands, Inc.

The company operates a network of more than 7,300 company-

owned and franchised stores in all 50 U.S. states and more than 50other countries. Nearly 90 percent of Domino's more than 4,800 U.S.

outlets are franchise stores. Including the employees of franchisees,

there are about 145,000 Domino's workers around the world, and

global systemwide sales in 2002 totaled $3.96 billion. Domino's was

built on simple concepts, offering just delivery or carry-out and an

extremely limited menu: for more than 30 years, the company

offered only two sizes of pizza, 11 topping choices, and--until 1990--

only one beverage, cola. In recent years the company has added

salads, breadsticks, and other non-pizza items to its menu in aneffort to stave off rivals Pizza Hut, Papa John's International, Inc.,

and Little Caesar Enterprises, Inc., but has otherwise held fast to its

focus on the basics of providing quality pizza and service. The

driving force behind Domino's for most of its history was founder

Tom Monaghan, who late in 1998 sold control of the company to

Bain Capital, Inc., a Boston-based private equity investment firm.

Monaghan, however, retained a 27 percent voting stake.

Monaghan was born in 1937 near Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Following his father's death in 1941, Monaghan lived in a

succession of foster homes, including a Catholic orphanage, for

much of his childhood. His mother, after finishing nursing school

and buying a house, made two attempts to have Tom and his


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brother live at home with her, but she and Tom failed to get

along. During these years Monaghan worked a lot of jobs, many

of them on farms. His father's aunt took him in during his senior

year of high school, but after that he was once again on his own.A quote from Monaghan in his high school yearbook read: "The

harder I try to be good the worse I get; but I may do something

sensational yet."

For several years Monaghan worked to try to save money for

college; he joined the Marines and saved $2,000, but gave it in

several installments to a fly-by-night "oil man" he met

hitchhiking, who took the money and ran. Monaghan returned to

Ann Arbor to live with his brother Jim, who worked for the Post

Office and did occasional carpentry work at a pizza shop called

DomiNick's. When Jim Monaghan overheard the pizza shop

owner discussing a possible sale, he mentioned buying it as a

possibility to Tom. With the aid of a $900 loan from the Post

Office credit union, in December 1960 Jim and Tom Monaghan

were in business in Ypsilanti, Michigan.

Within eight months, Jim Monaghan took a beat-up VolkswagenBeetle as a trade for his half of the partnership. Tom moved in

across the street from his shop. The store Monaghan bought had

little room for sit-down dining; from the start, delivery was key.

The first drivers, laid-off factory workers, agreed to work on

commission. After only $99 in sales the first week, profits climbed

steadily to $750 a week. Early on, Monaghan made decisions that

streamlined work and greatly enhanced profits: on two separate

occasions he dropped six-inch pizzas and submarine sandwiches

from his menu when he was shorthanded at his shop, reasoning

that he and his staff could handle the rush better without making

special-sized pizzas or sandwiches in addition to regular pizzas.

When he went over the numbers the day after, both times


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NESTLE

Henri Nestl was born in Frankfurt in 1814, and moved to

Vevey in his twenties, a merchant and small-scale inventor. He

slowly gravitated towards foods and foodstuffs, experimenting

with various recipes for baby-food to help mothers who were

unable to breastfeed, and eventually came up with a concoction

he calledfarine lacte, based, as he put it, on wholesome Swiss

milk and a cereal component baked by a special process of my

invention. In 1867, he fed this to a premature baby boy whosemother was dangerously ill herself; the boy survived, and

Nestls reputation skyrocketed. The following year he opened

an office in London to cope with the quantity of orders, and

within five years was exporting to South America and

Australia. In 1874 he sold his company for a million francs.

Nestl bought out Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk in 1905, and

chocolatemakers Peter, Cailler and Kohler pioneers in

making milk chocolate in 1929; although it had always

concentrated on milk alone, it started to diversify. Benefitingfrom massive surpluses of coffee beans in the 1930s, Nestl

launched the worlds first instant coffee Nescaf in 1938.

More takeovers followed, of processed-food manufacturer

Maggi in 1947, Crosse & Blackwell in 1950, and frozen-food

giant Findus in 1963, broadening the range even further. By


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the mid-1960s, Nestl was Switzerlands biggest company, a

huge multinational incorporating over 200 factories around the

world, with global management still based in Vevey.

Today, having swallowed up cosmetic company LOreal in1974 and British confectioner Rowntrees in 1991, Nestl

employs almost a quarter of a million people, and buys up

more than ten percent of the worlds entire crop of coffee and

cacao beans. However, its most controversial product is,

strangely, its original one: baby formula. With a marketing

policy in developing-world countries that has been deemed bymany to be aggressively profit driven at the expense of

consumer health, Nestl has been riding a storm of anger in

recent years from childrens organizations and health

watchdogs in both the developed and the developing world.

Many of these groups continue to lobby for boycotts of Nestl

products unless the company takes a role in helping educate

mothers in developing-world countries to breastfeed whenever

possible, and to buy formula only as a last resort. The companymaintains its ads dont dissuade mothers from breastfeeding,

and are merely offering them a choice. The dispute shows few

signs of resolution and, frankly, little chance of toppling such a

mighty global industrial entity as Nestl.


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FERRARI

The Ferrari team first competed in Formula One in 1950 and they

have won an impressive 209 races. In their second season in 1951,

Jose Froilan Gonzalez celebrated Ferraris first Grand Prix success

and the following year, went on to win the drivers title two seasons

in a row. Various drivers claim victory in the exciting Ferrari

throughout the years, with John Surtees remaining the only man to

win the championship on a motorbike as well as a racing car. In the

late 90s and early 00s, Michael Schumacher and Ferrari

dominated the world of Formula One, before Schumachersretirement in 2006 with a record breaking seven championship titles

to his name. 2007 was rocked by claims that McLaren had

confidential data belonging to Ferrari and were later awarded the

constructors title after McLaren were disqualified. Kimi

Raikkonen also took the drivers title, before team mate Filipe

Massa just misses out on the 2008 award to McLarens Lewis

Hamilton. Ferrari retained the constructors title with a remarkable

21 point lead.The team principal is Stefano Domenicali and the team is based

in Maranello, Italy. Ferrari race with the Bridgestone Potenza tyres

and use a Ferrari Type 056 engine and has successfully earned 203

pole positions. Filipe Massa and Kimi Raikkonen will be the main

drivers for the 2009 campaign and Ferrari will be looking to retain


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the constructors title and win back the drivers title from rivals

McLaren.

Ferrari have modified the exhaust exits on the side pods of the

F60 chassis and to boost down force, they have redesigned the nose

cone to be longer with a higher central section to increase theamount of air flow underneath. The team has also minimised drag

with the addition of channeling vertical fin on the end plate to direct

the air flow away from the front tyres. The rear view mirror

mountings are attached to the lower section of the bodywork, which

creates a vertical turning vane that was originally introduced by

BMW Sauber in 2008.


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YAMAHA

Genichi Kawakami was the first son of Kaichi Kawakami, thethird-generation president of Nippon Gakki (musical instruments

and electronics; presently Yamaha Corporation). Genichi studied

and graduated from Takachiho Higher Commercial School in

March of 1934. In July of 1937, he was the second Kawakami to

join the Nippon Gakki Company.He quickly rose to positions of

manager of the company's Tenryu Factory Company (musical

instruments) and then Senior General Manager, before assuming

the position of fourth-generation President in 1950 at the youngage of 38.

In 1953, Genichi was looking for a way to make use of idle

machining equipment that had previously been used to make

aircraft propellers. Looking back on the founding of Yamaha

Motor Company, Genichi had this to say. "While the company

was performing well and had some financial leeway, I felt the

need to look for our next area of business. So, I did some

research." He explored producing many products, including

sewing machines, auto parts, scooters, three-wheeled utility

vehicles, andmotorcycles. Market and competitive factors led

him to focus on the motorcycle market. Genichi actually visited

the United States many times during this period.When asked


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about this decision, he said, "I had my research division chief and

other managers visit leading motorcycle factories around the

country. They came back and told me there was still plenty of

opportunity, even if we were entering the market late. I didn't

want to be completely unprepared in this unfamiliar business sowe toured to German factories before setting out to build our first

125cc bike. I joined in this tour around Europe during which my

chief engineers learned how to build motorbikes. We did as much

research as possible to insure that we could build a bike as good

as any out there. Once we had that confidence, we started going."

"If you are going to make it, make it the very best there is." With

these words as their motto, the development team poured all their

energies into building the first prototype, and ten months later in

August of 1954 the first model was complete. It was the Yamaha

YA-1. The bike was powered by an air-cooled, 2-stroke, single

cylinder 125cc engine. Once finished, it was put through an

unprecedented 10,000 km endurance test to ensure that its quality

was top-class. This was destined to be the first crystallization ofwhat has now become a long tradition of Yamaha creativity and

an inexhaustible spirit of challenge.Then, in January of 1955 the

Hamakita Factory of Nippon Gakki was built and production

began on the YA-1. With confidence in the new direction that

Genichi was taking, Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. was founded on

July 1, 1955. Staffed by 274 enthusiastic employees, the new

motorcycle manufacturer built about 200 units per month.That

same year, Yamaha entered its new YA-1 in the two biggest race

events in Japan. They were the 3rd Mt. Fuji Ascent Race and the

1st Asama Highlands Race. In these debut races Yamaha won the

125cc class. And, the following year the YA-1 won again in both

the Light and Ultra-light classes of the Asama Highlands Race.By

1956, a second model was ready for production. This was the


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YC1, a 175cc single cylinder two-stroke. In 1957 Yamaha began

production of its first 250cc, two-stroke twin, the YD1.Based on

Genichi's firm belief that a product isn't a product until it can

hold it's own around the world, in 1958 Yamaha became the first

Japanese maker to venture into the international race arena. Theresult was an impressive 6th place in the Catalina Grand Prix

race in the USA. News of this achievement won immediate

recognition for the high level of Yamaha technology not only in

Japan but among American race fans, as well. This was only the

start, however.

Yamaha took quick action using the momentum gained in the

USA and began marketing their motorcycles through an

independent distributor in California. In 1958, Cooper Motors

began selling the YD-1 250 and the MF-1 (50cc, two-stroke, single

cylinder, step through street bike). Then in 1960, Yamaha

International Corporation began selling motorcycles in the USA

through dealers.

With the overseas experiences under his belt, in 1960, Genichi then

turned his attention to the Marine industry and the production of

the first Yamaha boats and outboard motors. This was the

beginning of an aggressive expansion into new fields utilizing the

new engines and FRP (fiberglass reinforced plastic) technologies.

The first watercraft model was the CAT-21, followed by the RUN-13

and the P-7 123cc outboard motor.

In 1963, Yamaha demonstrated its focus on cutting-edge,technological innovations by developing the Autolube System.

This landmark solution was a separate oil injection system for

two-stroke models, eliminating the inconvenience of pre-mixing

fuel and oil. Yamaha was building a strong reputation as a

superior manufacturer which was reflected in its first project


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carried out in the new Iwata, Japan Plant, built in 1966. (The

YMC headquarters was moved to Iwata in 1972.) Toyota and

Yamaha teamed up to produce the highly regarded Toyota 2000

GT sports car. This very limited edition vehicle, still admired for

its performance and craftsmanship, created a sensation amongenthusiast in Japan and abroad.

MALAYSIA AIR

Malaysia Airlines started its operation on 1987 after the airline

changed its name fromMalaysian Airline System. It is founded in

1947 by Malayan Airways. Then, it transformed to Malaysian

Airways due to Malaysia gaining its independence. After that, it

changes its name once more to Malaysia-Singapore Airlines and

thereafter ceased its operation. It was then divided into Malaysia

Airlines and Singapore Airlines.

Scheduled air passenger services in Malaya commenced in 1937

when Wearnes Air Services (WAS) commenced operating

services between Singapore, Kuala Lumpur and Penang.

Wearnes Air Services was started by two Australian brothers,

Theodore and Charles Wearnes.[9] The service commenced as a

thrice weekly flight between Singapore and Penang The first

flight, using an 8-seater de Havilland Dragon Rapide D.H.89A

took place on 28 June 1937. This inaugural flight possiblydeparted from either the older Seletar Airport or the then brand

new Kallang Airport. Later a second D.H.89A enabled the

expansion to daily services as well as the addition of Ipoh as a

destination. The WAS services ceased with the onset of the


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Kuala Lumpur to Bangkok via Penang. Flights were also

introduced from Singapore to cities in the Borneo Territories,

including Brunei, Jesselton (now Kota Kinabalu), Kuching,

Sandakan and Sibu.

In 1957, the airline became a state-run stock corporation. With

the delivery of an 84-seat Bristol Britannia in 1960, the airline

launched its first long-haul international flight, to Hong Kong.

When Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak formed the

Federation of Malaysia in 1963, the airline's name was changed,

from "Malayan Airways" to "Malaysian Airlines" (though stillabbreviated to MAS). MAS also took over Borneo Airways. In

1966, following Singapore's separation from the federation, the

airline's name was changed again, to Malaysia-Singapore Airlines

(MSA). The next year saw a rapid expansion in the airline's fleet

and routes, including the purchase of MSA's first Boeing aircraft:

the Boeing 707s, as well as completion of a new high-rise

headquarters in Singapore. Boeing 737s were added to the fleet

soon afterward.

The differing needs of the two shareholders, however, led to the

break-up of the airline just 6 years later. The Singapore

government preferred to develop the airline's international

routes, while the Malaysian government had no choice but to

develop the domestic network first before going regional and

eventually international. MSA ceased operations in 1972, with its

assets split between two new airlines; Malaysian Airline System

(MAS)(now Malaysia Airlines),[15] and Singapore Airlines.

With the Singapore government determined to develop Singapore

Airlines' international routes, it took the entire fleet of seven

Boeing 707s and five Boeing 737s, which would allow it to

continue servicing its regional and long-haul international routes.


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Since most of MSA's international routes were flown out of

Singapore, the majority of international routes were in the hands

of Singapore Airlines. In addition, MSA's headquarters, which

was located in Singapore, became the headquarters of that

airline.

The initials MSA were well regarded as an airline icon, and both

carriers tried to use them. Malaysian went for MAS by just

transposing the last two letters and choosing the name Malaysian

Airline System, while Singapore originally proposed the name

Mercury Singapore Airlines to keep the MSA initials, but

changed its mind and went for SIA instead. Acronyms for airline

names later became less fashionable, and both carriers then

moved on to their descriptive names.

Malaysian Airline System took all domestic routes within

Malaysia and international routes out of that country, as well as

the remaining fleet of Fokker F27's. It began flights on 1 October

1972. Soon after that, Malaysia Airline System rapidly expandedits services, including introducing long-haul flights from Kuala

Lumpur to London.

In the same year, MAS operated flights to more than 34 regional

destinations and six international services. In 1976, after

receiving its DC-10-30 aircraft, MAS scheduled flights reached

Europe, with initial services from Kuala Lumpur to Amsterdam,

Paris and Frankfurt.

An economic boom in Malaysia during the 1980s helped spur

growth at Malaysia Airlines. By the end of the decade, MAS was

flying to 47 overseas destinations, including eight European

destinations, seven Oceania destinations, and the United States

destinations of Los Angeles and Honolulu. In 1993, Malaysia


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Airlines reached South America when the airline received its

B747 aircraft. When Malaysia Airlines introduced its service

from Kuala Lumpur to South America, MAS became the first

and only airline in Southeast Asia to serve South America via its

flights to Buenos Aires, Argentina. Services extended to CentralAmerica when Malaysia Airlines began flying to Mexico City in

the 1980s, which route was terminated in the 1990s.

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