By Prasanta Saha Executive Engineer P.W. (Roads) Department Government of West Bengal

Inception of any Project

Technical Appraisal Report Report Technical parameters and Technical Designs Preliminary cost estimate Economic feasibility

RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY Map Study Aerial Reconnaissance Ground Reconnaissance

Preliminary Project Report Report Technical provisions, their basis and Technical Designs Economic Evaluation (as per IRC:SP:30) Environmental Impact Assessment Source of funding etc.

PRELIMINARY SURVEY Collection of general information aboutTraffic , Soil , Subsoil & Surface Drainage Establishment of Reference Bench-Marks Traverse Survey Fly levels & Cross-sections Map Preparation

FINAL LOCATION SURVEY Fixation Of Final Centre Line

Setting of suitable horizontal and vertical curves Establishment of Permanent Bench Marks /Reference Benchmarks Longitudinal section & Cross-sections

TRAFFIC SURVEYS Study of Data from records

Traffic Counts, O-D Surveys etc. Traffic Projections Collection of traffic particulars for railways level crossings and road junctions Axle Load Surveys

PREPARATION OF DPR

Departmental

Outsourcing (through Consultant)

Essentials of DPR Report Detailed Cost Estimate Detailed Design Detailed drawings (Plans, L-Sections, X-Sections, Junctions, Culverts/Bridges, etc.) Draft EFC memo where required by Ministry

Reporty Preliminary y Road features y Road Design and Specification y Drainage facilities including C-D structures y Materials, labour & equipments y Rates, year for which SOR is applicable y Environmental aspects y Traffic flow during construction y Traffic safety

Detailed Cost Estimatey General abstract of cost y Designs y Detailed estimates for each major head comprising

a) Abstract of cost b) Estimate of quantities c) Analysis of Rates d)Quarry/material source chart

DETAILED DESIGN Geometric Design Embankment Design Pavement Design Design of Bridges and Structures Drainage System Traffic Safety Features, Road furniture, Road marking User Facilities

Detailed drawingsy Locality map-cum-site plan y Strip plan showing details of utilities, ROW, trees, locations of junctions & C.D.s y Land acquisition plans y Plan and longitudinal section y Typical cross section y Detailed cross section y Drawings for C-D structure y Road junction details y Drawings for retaining walls and other structures

Check-listy

Preliminaryi) ii) iii) iv) v) Name of work and its scope Authority and plan provision History, geography, climate, etc. Necessity Details of previous improvement work carried out

Check-listy Road Featuresi) Route selection ii) iii) iv) v) Alignment Environmental factors Cross sectional element Traffic

Check-listy Road Design and Specificationi) ii) iii) iv) Road design Pavement design Masonry/R.C.C. Works Specifications

Check-listy Drainage facilities

including Cross Drainage structuresGeneral drainage conditions, HFL, water, table, seepage flow ii) Surface drainage, catch-water drains longitudinal side drains iii) Subsurface drainage-blanket course, sub-drains iv) Cross drainage structures i)

Check-listyMaterials, labour & equipmentsi) ii) iii) Sources of construction materials, transport arrangements Labour availability, amenities Equipments

Check-listy

Ratesi) Schedule of rates- Mention year and district to which SOR is applicable ii) Rate justification

y

Construction Programmingi) Working Season ii) Schedule of completion of work

Check-listy Miscellaneous

Diversions and haul roads, Traffic control devices, Temporary diversion during construction ii) Road-side plantations, turfing, landscaping iii) Road safety measures: Comprehensive improvement of accident prone sections & safety in construction zonesi)

DEFICIENCIES IN DPR Inaccuracies in spatial survey, social survey, traffic surveys, hydraulic survey, subsoil and geotechnical investigations Inaccuracies in land acquisition plans Inaccuracies in Resettlement and rehabilitation plans Deficient design of pavement and other structures Choice of construction material and methodology Choice of pavement type and inappropriate structures

DEFICIENCIES IN DPR (contd.) Choice of inadequate and inappropriate specifications Deficiencies of detailed drawings, lack of details on horizontal and vertical profile, detailed drawings of structures Deficient design of embankment and retaining structures Inefficient design of drainage and cross drainage Inadequate provision for local traffic service roads, underpasses etc.

IMPORTANT I.R.C PUBLICATIONS Manual for survey, investigation, and preparation of Road Projects IRC:SP:19 Project preparation Manual for BridgesIRC:SP:54 Recommendations about the Alignment, Survey and Geometric Design of Hill RoadsIRC:52 Hill Road Manual- IRC:SP:48 Guidelines for Design of Small Bridges and culverts- IRC:SP:13

IMPORTANT I.R.C PUBLICATIONS Traffic census on non urban roads- IRC:9 Traffic studies for planning bypasses around towns- IRC:102 Guidelines for the Design of at Grade Intersections in Rural and Urban areasIRC:SP:41 Guidelines for capacity of roads in Rural Areas IRC:64 Guidelines for Traffic Predictions on Rural Highways IRC:108

IMPORTANT I.R.C PUBLICATIONS Geometric Design Standards for Rural (non urban) Highways- IRC:73 Guidelines for the Design of High Embankments- IRC:75 Guidelines for the Design of Flexible Pavements-IRC:37 Guidelines for Strengthening of Flexible Pavements using Benkelman Beam Deflection Technique- IRC:81

IMPORTANT I.R.C PUBLICATIONS Guidelines for the Design of Plain Jointed Rigid Pavements for Highways IRC:58 Manual on Economic Evaluation of Highway Projects in India IRC:SP:30 Specifications for Road and Bridge WorksMORTH Publication Standard Data Book for Analysis of RatesMORTH Publication Standard Bidding DocumentMORTH Publication

Success always depends on preparation. Without preparation, there lies every chances of failure.

Thank You