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FINAL YEAR PROJECT
PRESENTATION(CS499)
Project title: Microcontroller basedTAXI billing system
Name of Candidate: Maira, Albert M.Supervisor: Dr. M.M. KissakaRegistration number:2006-04-05608
Submission Date:23
rd
JULY 2010
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Presentation overview Introduction
Problem statements
Objectives
Methodologies
Literature review
System modelling
System operation
Conclusion
Recommendations Project costs
Project activity schedule
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Introduction
Microcontroller based TAXI billing systemis a system designed to computerise
taxicab billing services.
Taxicabs are a common means of
transportation in our modern day townsand cities.
Need of automation in present day society,
necessitated mechanisation of taxicabbilling ( i.e. taximeters were born).
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Introduction Cont.
Current situation found in Tanzanian towns;
Taxicab billing involves negotiation of priceby word of mouth.
Only after the cost has been bargained,
negotiated and agreed between taxicabdriver and a customer can a journey begin.
This present situation has severalinconveniences to taxicab users.
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Problem statements
The present situation has the followingshortcomings
Lack of clear billing structure.
Wastage of time during price bargain.
Difficulties to newcomers into town in pricebargain.
Difficulties to non Swahili speakers in pricenegotiation.
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Objectives
The main objective is to computerise andthus automate taxicab billing byspecifically designing a microcontrollercircuit that;
Measures travelled distance and hired
time of a journey. Calculates cost incurred by a customer by
using predetermined billing rates that arebased on both distance and time.
Displays hired time, distance travelled
and cost incurred on an alphanumericLCD screen.
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Methodology
Since the design is an embeddedelectronics application both hardware and
software design principles were used.
Literature review
Functional requirements elicitation fromusers.
System requirements identification.
System design modelling.
System design implementation.
Prototype testing and design refinement.
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Literature review
There are three types of taximeters
Mechanical taximeters
Microprocessor taximeters
Micro-controller taximeters
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Literature review cont.
Mechanical taximeters were the earlymeans of mechanizing taximeters by using
mechanical computing gears. They have advantages of not being easily
affected by temperature variations,electrical and electromagneticinterferences.
However, they are not an ideal choice inthis design; due to presence of presentday ubiquitous cheap, efficient and readily
available electronic technology solutions.
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Literature review cont.
Microprocessor taximeters are thetaximeters that utilize general purpose
microprocessor. They have advantages of having; very
high performance and easy to interfacethem with other peripherals.
However they are not an ideal choice in
this design because they have high costand power requirements and thus will beuneconomical to implement them in
taximeters.
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Literature review cont.
Micro-controller taximeters are taximetersthat use dedicated services of a micro-
controller to provide data processing. They have advantages of being
economical, good performance and highflexibility in provisioning of billing options.
This is an ideal choice in this design due
to the above advantages.
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System design modellingThe system has the following main blocks
Keypad: used to capture user settings.
Wheel revolution sensor: a pulsar thatgenerates an interrupt to the micro-controller whenever it senses a wheelrevolution.
LCD screen: an alphanumeric display
device to provide visual user interface. Micro-controller: this is a processing
engine that performs all computations andcontrol decisions.
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System design modelling cont.
The system flowchart in this design usesthree asynchronous program threads
Main program thread: this is a billing loopthat continuously updates the display and
checks keypad status. Wheel revolution sensor ISR: an interrupt
service routine to handle wheel revolution
sensor interrupt and determine distancecovered for billing purposes.
TIMER1 overflow ISR: interrupt serviceroutine to keep track of hiring time forbilling purposes.
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System design modelling cont.
In this design hiring time is accomplishedthrough an internal 16bit counter that is
set to cause an interrupt on overflowafter every 2 seconds.
This time interrupt generated will beused to monitor hiring time (which is tobe measured in minutes and hours).
Cost (in T.Shs) due to hiring time iscalculated by multiplying measured hiringtime and set predetermined time billing
rate(in T.Shs per minute).
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System operation
A typical system operates through threeroutine steps
1. User prompted for choice (simulation,implementation)
2. Billing is done continuously when startkey is pressed (simulation,implementation)
3. Cost is displayed and billing stoppedwhen stop key is pressed (simulation,implementation)
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Conclusions
The project design objectives have been dulymet however numerous challenges were
encountered; Parts availability
Parts affordability Absence of PIC microcontroller microcode
programmer at the department.
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Bill of materials of the design
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Project costs
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Project activity schedule
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The End.
Thank you for your kind
attention you are welcome forquestions/inquiries and/orremarks.
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Block diagram
Keypad
Microcontroller
Revolution sensor
Display
Return
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System flow chart
Return
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Billing options simulation
RA0/AN02
RA1/AN13
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF4
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT6
RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT7
RE0/AN5/RD8
RE1/AN6/WR9
RE2/AN7/CS10
OSC1/CLKIN13
OSC2/CLKOUT14
RC1/T1OSI/CCP216
RC2/CCP117
RC3/SCK/SCL18
RD0/PSP019
RD1/PSP120
RB7/PGD40
RB6/PGC39
RB538
RB437
RB3/PGM36
RB235
RB134
RB0/INT 33
RD7/PSP730
RD6/PSP629
RD5/PSP528
RD4/PSP427
RD3/PSP322
RD2/PSP221
RC7/RX/DT
26RC6/TX/CK
25RC5/SDO
24RC4/SDI/SDA
23
RA3/AN3/VREF+5
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI15
MCLR/Vpp/THV1
MICROCONTROLLER
PIC16F877A
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
0 #
1 2 3
A
B
C
D
KEYPAD4 BY 3
C1
15p
C2
15p
OSCILLATOR1MHz
VDD
R139k
C30.85n
R2
2k
SENSOR
C4100n
PROTECTION RESISTOR
280
D7
14
D6
13
D5
12
D4
11
D3
10
D2
9
D1
8
D0
7
E
6
RW
5
RS
4
VSS
1
VDD
2
VEE
3
LCD1LM016L
Return
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Billing options implementation
Return
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Billing simulation
RA0/AN02
RA1/AN13
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF4
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT6
RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT7
RE0/AN5/RD8
RE1/AN6/WR9
RE2/AN7/CS10
OSC1/CLKIN13OSC2/CLKOUT
14
RC1/T1OSI/CCP216
RC2/CCP117
RC3/SCK/SCL18
RD0/PSP019
RD1/PSP120
RB7/PGD40
RB6/PGC39
RB538
RB437
RB3/PGM36
RB235
RB134RB0/INT 33
RD7/PSP730
RD6/PSP629
RD5/PSP528
RD4/PSP427
RD3/PSP322
RD2/PSP221
RC7/RX/DT26
RC6/TX/CK25
RC5/SDO24
RC4/SDI/SDA23
RA3/AN3/VREF+5
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI15
MCLR/Vpp/THV1
MICROCONTROLLER
PIC16F877A
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
0 #
1 2 3
A
B
C
D
KEYPAD4 BY 3
C1
15p
C2
15p
OSCILLATOR1MHz
VDD
R139k
C30.85n
R2
2k
SENSOR
C4100n
PROTECTION RESISTOR
280
D7
14
D6
13
D5
12
D4
11
D3
10
D2
9
D1
8
D0
7
E
6
RW
5
RS
4
VSS
1
VDD
2
VEE
3
LCD1LM016L
Return
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Billing implementation
Return
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Cost display simulation
RA0/AN02
RA1/AN13
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF4
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT6
RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT7
RE0/AN5/RD8
RE1/AN6/WR9
RE2/AN7/CS10
OSC1/CLKIN13OSC2/CLKOUT
14
RC1/T1OSI/CCP216
RC2/CCP117
RC3/SCK/SCL18
RD0/PSP019
RD1/PSP120
RB7/PGD40
RB6/PGC39
RB538
RB437
RB3/PGM36
RB235
RB134
RB0/INT 33
RD7/PSP730
RD6/PSP629
RD5/PSP528
RD4/PSP427
RD3/PSP322
RD2/PSP221
RC7/RX/DT26
RC6/TX/CK25
RC5/SDO24
RC4/SDI/SDA23
RA3/AN3/VREF+5
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI15
MCLR/Vpp/THV1
MICROCONTROLLER
PIC16F877A
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
0 #
1 2 3
A
B
C
D
KEYPAD4 BY 3
C1
15p
C2
15p
OSCILLATOR1MHz
VDD
R139k
C30.85n
R2
2k
SENSOR
C4100n
PROTECTION RESISTOR
280
D7
14
D6
13
D5
12
D4
11
D3
10
D2
9
D1
8
D0
7
E
6
RW
5
RS
4
VSS
1
VDD
2
VEE
3
LCD1LM016L
Return
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Cost display implementation