Project Report

ADVITIYA-11

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

(2011-2012)

A PROJECT REPORT ON

“WIRELESS SPEED CONTROL OF SINGLE PHASE

INDUCTION MOTOR”

SUBMITTED BY : CHAITANYA.K.JAMBOTKAR

BASAVRAJ UPPAR

DEPT.ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS Page 1

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude and profound

respect to all those who have guided and inspired us for the project work.

First and foremost, we extend our deep gratitude to our H.O.D PROF.VINODA.S

(Electrical and Electronics Department) for their guidance, timely advice and

support rendered during all stages of the project work. We express our whole

hearted gratitude to her.

We convey our thanks to our parents and friends who have directly or indirectly

helped us in the successful completion of the project.

Finally, we thank GOD for his blessings.


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CONTENTS

1. Abstract -------------------------------------------------------- 4

2. Introduction -------------------------------------------------------- 5

3. Block diagram -------------------------------------------------------- 7

4. Components required -------------------------------------------------------- 8

5. Components view -------------------------------------------------------- 9

6. Circuit diagram -------------------------------------------------------- 26

7. Working of the circuit -------------------------------------------------------- 27

8. Results -------------------------------------------------------- 29

9. Application -------------------------------------------------------- 30

10. Advantages -------------------------------------------------------- 31

11. Conclusion -------------------------------------------------------- 32

12. Reference -------------------------------------------------------- 33


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ABSTRACT

Wireless speed control of single phase induction motor is one of the applications

of electronics to increase the facilities of life. The domestic example for single

phase induction motor is fan .Fan is one of the unavoidable appliances in our day

today life. It has become essential element without which people can’t lead a

smooth life. The presence of a fan in a house or office is not now considered as a

luxury on the other hand it is included in the basic requirement. The uses of new

electronic theories have been put down by expertise to increase the facilities given

by the existing appliance. Here the facility of ordinary fan is increased by the

making it controlled by a remote.

In wireless speed control of the fan we can regulate the speed of the fan by using a

remote. Here the variation in the firing angle of triac is used for regulating the

speed.

Any button on the remote can be used for controlling speed of fan. Using this

circuit, we can change the speed of fan from our couch or bed. This circuit is used

for controlling the speed of fan in 5 levels. This innovation can be a success only

if people are made aware about its advantages and how user-friendly it is. The

same circuit can be used to regulate intensity of light. This innovation finds its use

mainly to help old age people who do not need to walk in order to control the

speed of fan. It also finds its use if someone wants to change the speed of fan or

dim the lights while sleeping.


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INTRODUCTION

A circuit that allows total control over your equipments without having to move

around is a revolutionary concept. Total control over the speed of fan is a boon to

many. This product brings to you this very concept.

Remote control facilitates the operation of fan regulators around the home or office

from a distance. It provides a system that is simple to understand and also to

operate, a system that would be cheaper and affordable. It adds more comfort to

everyday living by removing the inconvenience of having to move around to

operate a fan regulator. The system seeks to develop a system that is cost effective

while not undermining the need for efficient working.

The first remote control, called “lazy bones” was developed in 1950 by Zenith

Electronics Corporation (then known as Zenith Radio Corporation). The device

was developed quickly, and it was called “Zenith space command”, the remote

went into production in the fall of 1956, becoming the first practical wireless

remote control device. Today, remote control is a standard on electronic products,

including Tv’s, cable and satellite boxes, digital video disc players and home audio

players. In the year 2000, more than 99 percent of all TV set and 100 percent of all

VCR and DVD players sold are equipped with remote controls. The average

individual these days probably picks up a remote control at least once or twice a

day.

Basically, a remote control works in the following manner. A button is pressed.

This completes a specific connection which produces a Morse code line signal

specific to that button. The transistor amplifies the signal and sends it to the LED


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which translates the signal into infrared light. The sensor on the appliance detects

the infrared light and reacts appropriately.

The remote control’s function is to wait for the user to press a key and then

translate that into infrared light signals that are received by the receiving appliance.

The carrier frequency of such infrared signals is typically around 36 kHz.

The aim of this work is to design and construct a remote control for a fan regulator.

The remote control device sends an infra-red beam, which is received by the infra-

red sensor on the regulator and the speed of fan is increased/decreased.

One of the primary objectives of an engineer is to endeavor to deliver the best

product or the most efficient services at the lowest cost to the end user. The system

is found to meet the expected results.


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BLOCK DIAGRAM

The following shows block diagram of how speed control of single phase induction motor is obtained using a remote.


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COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1. IR Receiver Module - TSOP 1738

2. IC NE555

3. Opto Coupler - IC MCT2E

4. Opto Isolator - IC MOC 3021

5. Voltage Regulator - IC 7809

6. Decade Counter - IC CD4017

7. Transformer – 230/(12V -0-12V)

8. Light Emitting Diode

9. Diodes - IN4148, IN 4007

10. Transistor - BC548

11. Triac - BT136

12. Resistors - 1K, 100K, 330Ω, 47K Ω, 33K, 27K, 20K,

12K, 3.3K, 470 Ω, 5.6 K, 10 K, 47 Ω

13. Capacitors - 0.01 µF /400V, 4.7 µF /16V, 10 µF /16V,

1 µF /16V, 0.22µF, 470 µ /50V

14. Zener Diode - 5.1V


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INFRARED RECIVER MODULE

(TSOP 1738)

Infrared receiver module is used for receiving the signals transmitted by the remote

control.

Here, TSOP 1738 is used as infrared receiver Module. It is capable of receiving

signals up to 38 KHz.


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Monostable Multivibrator

(NE 555)

A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of simple two-

state systems such as oscillators, timers and flip-flops. A monostable multivibrator,

as its name indicates, has a stable state and a quasi-stable state. An external trigger

must be applied to change from the stable state to the quasi-stable state.

Here, two NE 555 ICs are wired as monostable multivibrators. The trigger to the

first multivibrator is the signals from the infrared receiver module. This

multivibrator is used to delay the clock pulse of the decade counter. The second

multivibrator is triggered by the opto coupler.


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Decade Counter

(CD 4017)

In digital logic and computing, a counter is a device which stores (and sometimes

displays) the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in

relationship to a clock signal. Decade counter is a counter that counts through 10

states. It is also known as a mod-10 counter.

Here, CD 4017 is used as decade counter. Here actually ten outputs are there from

which five are used (Q0 to Q4), Q5 is not used and Q6 is used to reset. The output

of monostable multivibrator (IC1) is used to delay the clock pulse of the decade

counter.


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Transformer

(230/(12-012))V

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another

through inductively coupled conductors — the transformer's coils or "windings".

Transformer is used here to step down the supply voltage to a level suitable for the

low voltage components.

The transformer used here is a 230/(12V-0-12V) step down transformer.


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Regulator Section

(7809)

A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a

constant voltage level.

IC 7809 is used here. It is a 9V regulator. It regulates the rectified 12V to 9V. This

9V is supplied to the whole circuit.


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Opto Coupler

(MCT 2E)

An Opto coupler is used to transmit either analog or digital information from one

voltage potential to another while maintaining isolation of potentials. It is used for

low voltages.

MCT2E is the opto coupler used here. MCT2E is NPN silicon planar

phototransistor optically coupled to a gallium arsenide infrared emitting diode. It is

used to trigger the monostable multivibrator (IC3).


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Opto Isolator

(MOC 3021)

An Opto isolator is used to transmit either analog or digital information from one

voltage potential to another while maintaining isolation of the potentials. Its

operating voltage is higher than that of an Opto coupler.

Here, MOC3021 is used as opto isolator. It is used to drive the Triac BT136.


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Triac

(BT 136)

A TRIAC, or TRIode for Alternating Current is an electronic component

approximately equivalent to two silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs/thyristors)

joined in inverse parallel (paralleled but with the polarity reversed) and with their

gates connected together. The formal name for a TRIAC is bidirectional triode

thyristor. This results in a bidirectional electronic switch which can conduct

current in either direction when it is triggered (turned on) and thus doesn't have any

polarity. It can be triggered by either a positive or a negative voltage being applied

to its gate electrode (with respect to A1, otherwise known as MT1). Once

triggered, the device continues to conduct until the current through it drops below a

certain threshold value, the holding current, such as at the end of a half-cycle of

alternating current (AC) mains power. In addition, applying a trigger pulse at a

controllable point in an AC cycle allows one to control the percentage of current

that flows through the TRIAC to the load (phase control).

The triac used here is BT136. It is thyristor with a firing angle nearly 45o. A

snubber circuit consisting of a resistor and capacitor is used to control the firing

angle of Triac. This firing angle determines the speed of the fan.


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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

The following shows circuit diagram of wireless speed control of single phase

induction motor.


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WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

The 230 V from AC mains is stepped down to 12V and Regulated by IC7809,

capacitor and Diodes to 9V. This filtered 9V is used for providing supply to the

entire circuit. Any button of remote control can be used to control the speed of the

fan. The remote control produces infrared rays which is received by the TSOP

infrared receives module. The TSOP used here is TSOP 1738. It is capable for

receiving signals up to 38 KHZ. The infrared rays are received by the TSOP sensor

and its output is given as a trigger to the first monostable multivibrator NE 555

through a LED and Resistor R4.

This NE555 which is wired as Monostable multivibrator is used to delay the clock

to decade counter CD 4017. We can directly give the output of TSOP to decade

counter, but while doing so all the small pulse or noises may also act as clock to

counter and counter starts counting. The decade counter has ten outputs from Q0 to

Q9. But here we are using only Q0 to Q4. Q5 is not used and Q6 is used to reset

the counter. The output of decade counter is taken through Resistors R5 to R9. The

resistor R5 to R9 and capacitor C5 controls the pulse width which is actually

determining the speed of the fan. If the Q0 output is high the capacitor C5 is

charged through R5, if Q1 is high capacitor C5 is charged through R6 and so on,

thereby controlling the speed of the fan accordingly. Here we are controlling the

speed of the fan in five levels that is why we are taking five outputs (Q0 to Q4).

Another NE 555 is used here which is also wired as monostable multivibrator. This

monostable multivibrator is triggered by pulses from opto coupler MCT2E. It is


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wired as Zero crossing detector. The output from decade counter is given to NE555

and this is given to the transistor BC548. It is given to the Opto isolator MOC

3021. It is used for driving the Triac BT136. Triac is a type of thyristor. Here the

resistor R13 (470hm) and capacitor C7 (0.01µF) combination is used as snubber

network for the Triac.

The Resistors R5 to R9 and capacitor C5 are used to control the pulse width. When

Q0 output is high the pulse width is maximum, when Q1 output is high pulse width

is decreased slightly. As the pulse width decreases firing angle of the triac

increases and speed of the fan also increases. By using remote control we are

actually controlling pulse width, which in turn varies the firing angle of triac, and

there by varying the speed of the fan.


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RESULTS

The measured speed of the motor which we have used in our circuit for

different values of resistors are tabulated as shown below .

RESISTANCE VALUE

(In OHMS)

SPEED OF THE MOTOR

(In RPM)

33K 940

27K 1020

20K 1222

12K 1326

3.3K 1460

Specification of the motor :

Voltage : 220v

Current : 7.5A

Hp : 2hp

Rpm : 1500rpm


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APPLICATION

Wireless speed control of single phase induction motor finds a large

application in run time process control.

Wireless speed control of the fan allows the user to control the speed of fan

from their couch or bed.

The same circuit finds its application to control the Intensity of light at

various levels.

This circuit also finds its application for switching ON and OFF any circuit.


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ADVANTAGES

This circuit is simple to use and efficient.

It can be assembled with ease.

It is cost effective and hence very economical.

It is compact in size.

It is efficient enough for wireless speed control of single phase induction

motor.


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CONCLUSION

With the knowledge of new techniques in ‘Electronics’ we are able to make our

life more comfortable. One such application of electronics is used in “REMOTE

CONTROLLED FAN REGULATOR”.

The same circuit finds its use in many more applications. By this the intensity of

light can be controlled using a remote. The intensity of light can be controlled in

five levels from off position to maximum intensity possible. So it finds use as a

night lamp by keeping the intensity of lamp in low level.

The circuit also finds its use for switching ON and OFF any electronic circuitry.

Our normal T.V remote can be used for all these purposes. So it is very useful or a

real help to old age and sick people, since they can control the speed from the place

where they are sitting.

We feel that our product serves something good to this world and we like to

present it before this prosperous world.


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REFERENCE

www.electronicsforyou.com

www.howstuffworks.com

www.wikipedia.org

Electronics for You Magazine

Electronic Devices and Circuits – J. B.Gupta

Linear Integrated circuits – Gayakwad

Power electronics – Md.Rashid


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