Project Report on Indian Textile Industry Final

7/25/2019 Project Report on Indian Textile Industry Final

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Amity Directorate of Distance & online education

PROJECT REPORT

On

INDIAN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

FOR

THE PARTIAL FULFILLE!T OF THE A"ARD OF THE DE#REE OF

$A%TER OF U%I!E%% ADI!%TRATIO!'

From Amity University

ATCH( )*+,-+.

%UITTED /(

PRI!CE ALHOTRA

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)nd Floor0 F) loc10 Amity Uni2ersity0 !oida Cam3us0 %ector +).0 !oida-

)*+4*+

Tele35one(+6**-+*)-4,4,

E-mail(distancelearnin78amity9edu

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%elf Declaration

I, Mr. PRINCE MALHOTRA , Roll No. A19201142717 of MBA 2years in International

Business 201!1" #at$% of A&ity 'ire$torate of 'istan$e ( online e)u$ation, %ere#y )e$lare t%at

all t%e infor&ation furnis%e) in t%is PRO*ECT, is &y ori+inal or- $ontainin+ aut%enti$ fa$ts.

T%is ie$e of or- is only #ein+ su#&itte) to AMIT/ NIERIT/ in t%e artial fulfill&ent

for t%e )e+ree of MATER O3 BINE A'MINITRATION.

i+nature of t%e stu)ent4

PRINCE MALHOTRA

'ate4 *AN 2015

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AC:!O"LED#EE!T

I e6ress &y sin$ere t%an-s an) )ee sense of +ratitu)e for t%e insirin+ +ui)an$e

an) suort ren)ere) #y &y resear$% +ui)e, Mr. AR*N 7AR7, OWNER AT

PRIMA EXPORTS NOIDA

I a& t%an-ful to Mr. MANA 8MBA international #usiness9 %o e6ten)e) a

%elin+ %an) )urin+ t%e $ourse of t%e ro:e$t, %ene;er nee)e), to t%e su$$ess in

t%is ro:e$t.

3inally, I a& +rateful to so &any eole ( 3rien)s %o s%are) ;alua#le

infor&ation t%at %ele) in t%e su$$essful $o&letion of t%is ro:e$t.

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1. INTRODUCTION

2. POLICIES AND GOVERNEMNT INCENTIVES

3. MAJOR !OREIGN PLA"ERS

4. C#ALLENGES AND !UTURE PROSPECTS

$. INTRODUCTION TO T#E COMPAN"

%. NEED&O'JECTIVE&SCOPE AND LIMITATION O! STUD"

7. RESEARC# MET#ODOLG"

(. ANAL"SIS AND INTERPRETATION

9. PRE)S#IPPING AND POST S#IPPING PROCEDURE

10. !INDINGS AND IN!ERENCE

11. SUGGESTIONS

12. CONCLUSION

13. 'I'LIOGRAP#"

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C5a3ter +(

Introduction

OVERVIEW OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY

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1.1 Background

India is the one of the world's largest producers of textiles and garments.Abundant availabilityof raw materials such as cotton, wool, silk and jute as well as skilled workforcehave made thecountry a sourcing hub. It is the world's second largest producer of textiles andgarments. TheIndian textiles industry accounts for about !" of the world's spindle capacityand eight percent of global rotor capacity. The potential si#e of the Indian textiles andapparel industry isexpected to reach $%& billion by ().

The textiles industry has made a major contribution to the national economy in

terms of

direct and indirect employment generation and net foreign exchange earnings.The sector contributes about )!" to industrial production, !" to the grossdomestic product *+-, and /" to the country's foreign exchange in0ows. Itprovides direct employment to over !1 million people. The textiles sector is thesecond largest provider of employment after agriculture. Thus, the growth andall round development of this industry has a direct bearing on the improvement

of India's economy.

India has overtaken Italy, +ermany and 2angladesh to emerge as the world'ssecond largesttextile exporter. India's share in +lobal Textiles increased by )/.1" in ()compared to ().Textiles exports from India will touch $%& (( billion by the year (!31.

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In (), apparel had a share of 45 per cent of the overall market6 textilescontributed theremaining ) per cent.

Various a!"gori"s

Indian textile industry can be divided into several segments, some of which canbe listed asbelow78otton 9 %econd largest cotton and cellulosic :bres producing country in theworld.%ilk 9 India is the second largest producer of silk and contributes about );"to the totalworld raw silk production.


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The Indian textiles industry, currently estimated at around $%&)(; billion, is

expected to reach

$% & )!) billion by (). The industry is the second largest employer afteragriculture, providing direct employment to over !1 million and 4( millionpeople indirectly. The Indian Textile Industry contributesapproximately 1" to +-, and )!" to overall Index of Industrial -roduction*II-. The Indian textile industry has the potential to grow :ve3fold over thenext ten years to touch $%& 1(( billion mark on the back of growing demandfor polyester fabric. The $%& 1(( billion market :gure consists of domesticsales of $%& )1 billion and exports of $%& );1 billion. The current industrysi#e comprises domestic market of $%& 4; billion and exports of $%& !( billion.Apparel exports from India have registered a growth of )/.4" in the periodApril 9 %eptember ()! over the same period in the previous :nancial year.

%&o'a& (s Do)"s!ic Sc"nario

The global trade of textile and garments was approximately &/;) billion in(). This is almost!.4 per cent of the trade of all commodities, which is estimated atapproximately &)/ trillion.>rom ((; to (), the global textile and garment trade has grown at a 8A+of ! per cent.The current global garment market is estimated at approximately &).)1 trillionwhich form nearly

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).; per cent of the world +-. Almost /1" of this market is concentrated inBurope, $%A,8hina and @apan. An analysis of per capita spend on garment in variouscountries shows asigni:cant diCerence between numbers in developed and developingeconomies.


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1 per cent of global textile and garment trade. In terms of value, Indian textileand garmentexports is dominated by garment category which has a majority share of !( percent followed byyarn, fabrics, :bre, made3ups and other textiles including carpets, nonwovens,etc.

*OLIIES +ND %OVERNE#NT INENTIVES

%o("rn)"n! Ini!ia!i("sThe Indian government has come up with a number of export promotionpolicies for thetextiles sector. It has also allowed )(( per cent >I in the Indian textiles sectorunder theautomatic route.

S"c!or *o&ic,Technology $pgradation >und %cheme has infused investment of more thanIF 1((2illion in the industry. %upport has been provided for moderni#ation and upgradation byproviding credit at reduced rates and capital subsidies.%cheme for Integrated Textile -arks provides world class infrastructure tonew textile units.To date, 1/ Textile -arks have been sanctioned with an investment of IF 4(

2illion. 2y()/, 1 more Textile -arks are to be sanctioned.Integrated -rocessing evelopment %cheme for sanctioning processingparks has beeninitiated. IF 1 2illion has been earmarked for this scheme.Integrated %kill evelopment %cheme has provided training to ).1 =illionpeople to cover

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all sub3sectors of textiles such as Textile and Apparel, Gandicrafts, Gandlooms,@ute and%ericulture.

-", *ro(isions o Budg"! /012134

Allocation of IF 1(( =illion towards the setting up of a trade facilitationcentre and acrafts museum to develop and promote handloom products and carry forwardthe richtradition of the handlooms of Haranasi.Allocation of IF ((( =illion towards the proposed setting up of megatextile clusters at2areilly, ucknow, %urat, Dutch, 2hagalpur and =ysore and one in Tamil Fadu.Allocation of IF (( =illion towards the setting up of Gastkala Academyfor thepreservation, revival and documentation of the handloom?handicraft sector in--- mode inelhi.Allocation of IF 1(( =illion towards the setting up of -ashmina -romotion-rogramme*-3 and a programme for the development of other crafts of @ammu E

Dashmir.The duty3free entitlement for import of trimmings and embellishments usedby thereadymade textile garment sector for manufacture of garments for exports isbeing increasedfrom " to 1".Fon3fusible embroidery motifs or prints are being included in the list ofitems eligible to beimported duty3free for manufacture of garments for exports.The list of speci:ed goods reJuired by handicraft manufacturer3exporters isbeing expanded

by including wire rolls so as to provide customs duty exemption on import byhandicraftsmanufacturer3exporters.>usible embroidery motifs or prints, anti3theft devices, pin bullets forpacking, plastic tagbullets, metal tabs, bows, ring and slider hand rings are being included in thelist of items eligible to be imported duty3free for manufacture of handloommade ups or cotton made

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ups or manmade made ups for export.%peci:ed goods imported for use in the manufacture of textile garments forexport are fullyexempt from 2asic 8ustoms uty *28 and 8ountervailing uty *8H subjecttoconditions that the manufacturer produces an entitlement certi:cate from theApparelBxport -romotion 8ouncil or from the Indian %ilk Bxport -romotion 8ouncil.2asic 8ustoms uty *28 on raw materials for manufacture of spandexyarn vi#.polytetramethylene ether glycol and diphenylmethane !,! di3isocyanate isbeing reducedfrom 1" to FI.Any of the following two deductions can be availed7o Investment allowance *additional depreciation at the rate of )1" tomanufacturingcompanies that invest more than IF ) 2illion in plant and machinery acJuiredand installedbetween ().(!.() and ).(.()1, provided the aggregate amount ofinvestment in newplant and machinery during the said period exceeds IF ) 2illion.o In order to provide a :llip to companies engaged in manufacturing, the said

bene:t ofadditional deduction of )1" of the cost of new plant and machinery, exceedingIF 1(=illion, acJuired and installed during any previous year, until ).(.()/.

Ta5 Inc"n!i("s4

R6D Inc"n!i("s4 Indus!r,78ri(a!"2s8onsor"d r"s"arc9 8rogra))"s4o A weighted tax deduction is given under %ection 1 *AA of the Income TaxAct.o A weighted deduction of ((" is granted to assesses for any sums paid to a

nationallaboratory, university or institute of technology, or speci:ed persons with aspeci:cdirection that the said sum would be used for scienti:c research within aprogramapproved by the prescribed authority.o)8ani"s Engag"d in #anuac!ur" :a(ing an In2:ous" R6D "n!r"4A weighted

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tax deduction of ((" under %ection 1 *A2 of the Income Tax Act for bothcapital andrevenue expenditure incurred on scienti:c research and development.S!a!" Inc"n!i("s4o Apart from the above, each state in India oCers additional incentives for

industrialprojects. %ome of the states also have separate policies for the textiles sector.o Incentives are in areas like subsidi#ed land cost, relaxation in stamp dutyexemption onsale?lease of land, power tariC incentives, concessional rates of interest on

loans,investment subsidies?tax incentives, backward areas subsidies and specialincentivepackages for mega projectsE58or! inc"n!i("s4o Bxport -romotion 8apital +oods %cheme *-8+%

o uty emission %chemeo >ocus -roduct %cheme, %pecial >ocus -roduct %cheme, >ocus =arket

%cheme+r"a2Bas"d Inc"n!i("s4 Incentives for units in %BK?FI=K as speci:ed inrespective actsor the setting up of projects in special areas such as the Forth3east, @ammu EDashmir,Gimachal -radesh E $ttarakhand

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#+;OR 6 FOREI%N *L+YERS

Chiripal Group

8hiripal +roup laid foundations of ultra3modern )(( per cent cotton E blendedbottom wearfabrics and the most modern E versatile denim manufacturing project calledFandan enimimited *F. F is one of the largest integrated Ahmedabad3based textileplayer engaged inthe business of spinning and denim weaving. The company operates fromvarious oCices inIndia and across the world. It is in3housed with one of the most sophisticatedweaving plantsand other facilities to manufacture superior Juality grey cotton fabrics, khakisand denims. Thecompany is listed on the 2%B and F%B stock exchanges

The Victoria Mills Ltd

The Hictoria =ills td was established in )5). The 8ompany started with asmall capital of s!((,((( *$%& 4,54.11 and had issued bonus shares from time to time and thepresent paid upcapital is s 5,;14,((( *$%& )11,)!/.(4 and eserves s );1,4(,)!4 *$%&)./ million.Lriginal mill was situated at +amdevi, =umbai and later shifted to -andurang2udhkar =arg,

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ower -arel, =umbai. It was a composite textile mill producing fabrics for localas well as theinternational market.

Digjam

As the leading textile company of India, manufacturing suiting fabrics, igjamhas kept reinventingitself keeping pace with the changing trends. I+@A= has a high3end fabricbrandpresence in the domestic market, reputed for its :nish and Juality. Thecompany manufacturesover ,((( design3shade combinations each year in ight


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2ilsar *Turkey=onti *Italy8=T *=auritiusB3land *%. DoreaFissinbo *@apan=arubeni *@apan%kaps *$%AAhlstorm *$%ATerram *$D%trata +eosystems *$%A=arks E %pencer *$DKara *%pain=ango *%pain-romod *>rance2enetton *ItalyBsprit *$%AeviMs *$%A>orever ) *$%A

:+LLEN%ES +ND FUTURE *ROS*ETS

9a&&"ng"s ac"d ', !9" Indian T"5!i&" Indus!r,

In spite of immense factors fuelling the growth of the Indian textile industry,there are certain

challenges faced by the country in terms of scarcity of trained manpower,escalating energycosts, high transportation costs, obsolete labor laws, low level of technology,and lack ofeconomies of scale.

Fu!ur" *ros8"c!s

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The Indian textiles industry is set for strong growth, buoyed by both strongdomesticconsumption as well as export demand. The industry is expected to reach $%&( billion by((.


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In("s!)"n! O88or!uni!i"sBntire value chain of syntheticsHalue added and specialty fabrics>abric processing set3ups for all kind of natural and synthetic textilesTechnical textiles+armentsetail brands

OUTLOO: FOR I!DIA! TE;TILE I!DU%TR/

T%e outloo- for te6tile in)ustry in In)ia is ;ery oti&isti$. It is e6e$te) t%at In)ian te6tile

in)ustry oul) $ontinue to +ro at an i&ressi;e rate. Te6tile in)ustry is #ein+ &o)erni


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Te6tile e$ono&y to +ro to =?"#illion #y 2010

Creation of 12 &illion ne :o#s in te6tile se$tor.

To in$rease In)ia@s s%are in orl) tra)e to si6 er $ent #y 2010.

A$%ie;e e6ort ;alue of =0 #illion #y 2010.

Mo)erni


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A=out t5e com3any

et u as an I unit in t%e year 12 it% a &ini&u& in;est&ent of Rs.1 Cr. Currently %a;in+ a

net ort% of Rs. Cr

Purely an E6ort Oriente) nit EOD

It is a Partners%i fir& ro&ote) #y Mrs. ( Mr.'uraisa&y it% an e>ual s%are in t%e $o&any Lo$ate) 1-&s fro& t%e -nit $ity Tiruur an) "-&s aay fro& t%e airort.

Fell e>uie) it% &o)ern &a$%ines o$$uyin+ an area of 2",000 s>. feet

Manufa$turer an) E6orter of -nitte) +ar&ents to to en) $usto&ers in t%e International Mar-et.

Pro)u$es styles for -i)@s, $%il)ren, la)ies@ an) &en@s outer ears, ni+%t ears an) sorts ears

e$iali


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ission

GTo #e$o&e t%e &ost referre) one!sto sour$e for rea)y!&a)e +ar&ents ( rea)y to $ut fa#ri$s

GTo $onstantly u)ate t%e te$%nolo+y an) s-ill sets tJo $ater to t%e e;er $%an+in+ nee)s of t%e

aarel ( te6tile in)ustry.

>uality Policy

T%e $o&any is $o&&itte) to a$%ie;e total $usto&er satisfa$tion #y ro)u$in+suerior ro)u$ts at $o&etiti;e ri$e an) ti&ely )eli;ery it% total in;ol;e&ent an)e6$ellen$e.

Details of PO! %A!#ER E;PORT%

IEC Co)e Nuer 4 2005?5 AEPC Re+istration Nuer 4 20250

Or7anisation %tructure of PO! %A!#ER E;PORT%

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PONN SANGER

Ma*ag+*g Pa,*eC/*+-a+/

*

Ma,e+*g

Dee/5e*

Ge*e,a Ma*age,!a-/,6 Ma*age, E5/, Ma*age, A--/*8Mer$%an)iser

Ma*age,

Ra:ae,+a8

S/,e8De5a,e*

Sa5+*g +* ->a,ge

Pae,* Ma8e,

C+*g I* ->a,ge

T+e O?-e,

L+*e I*85e-/, S5e,+8/,8 ->e-+*g& +,/*+*g& 5a-+*g=

!+*+8>e@Wa,e>/8e I*

I*)>/8e

a+6Pro)u$tion Mana+er


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Ponn %an7er O2erseas uyers and %u33liers? s5are

T>e+, >+g> 5,/Be -8/e,8 a,e */ /*6 >a556 +-> >a8

ea,*e@ >e ,e-/g*++/* a*@ *ae,+*g /6a6 ;,/ 5,/+*e*


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O2erseas uyers(

FC , A

'esi+n In Motion , A

Henri$% Oer&ayer , 7er&any

7MBH , 7er&any

O2erseas %u33liers of t5e firm

O2erseas %u33liers(

Taian an) C%ina are t%e &ain

Players of i&orts %ere

on t%e re>uest of t%e se$ifi$

Buyer, Ponn an+er i&orts t%eRa &aterial, t%e fa#ri$

Kin) not &anufa$ture) in %o&e Country

Domestic %u33liers

%5are to E@3ort

Domestic %u33liers of t5e firm

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!EED FOR THE %TUD/

E6ort in si&le or)s &eans Gsellin+ +oo)s a#roa) or it refers to Gt%e outflo of +oo)s an)

ser;i$es an) inflo of forei+n e6$%an+e.

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Ea$% $ountry %as its on rules an) re+ulations re+ar)in+ t%e forei+n tra)e. 3or t%e fulfill&ent of

all t%e rules an) re+ulations of )ifferent $ountries an e6ortin+ $o&any %as to &aintain an) fulfill

)ifferent )o$u&entation re>uire&ents. T%e )o$u&entation ro$e)ure )een)s on t%e tye of +oo)s,

ro$ess of &anufa$turin+, tye of in)ustry an) t%e $ountry to %i$% +oo)s is to #e e6orte).

In or)er to $o&lete an or)er for Knitte) +ar&ent, &any a$ti;ities li-e $o&&uni$ation #eteen

)ifferent )eart&ents, t%e ro$ess of outsour$in+ ra &aterial, ay&ent ro$ess, >uality $ontrol, a$-in+

an) s%i&ent of +oo)s et$. are un)erta-en. 'ifferent )eart&ents or- in syn$%roni$ity ( ;arious

)o$u&ents are reare) in t%e ro$ess. Hen$e, a sin+le &ista-e or la$- of roer lannin+ $an lea) to t%e

re:e$tion of t%e %ole or)er or in$rease t%e $ost.

To)ay@s orl) is t%e +lo#al ;illa+e in %i$% ea$% $ountry is tra)in+ it% ot%er $ountries in t%e

for& of e6ort or i&ort. T%is fiel) %as a +reat s$oe #e$ause to)ay ea$% $o&any %et%er it is s&all or

#i+ ants to en+a+e in forei+n tra)e.

Hen$e, it is ;ery i&ortant to stu)y t%e e6ort ro$e)ure an) )o$u&ents in;ol;e) in it. Hen$e,

sele$tin+ t%is ro:e$t is a :u)i$ious )e$ision.

OJECTI


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a9 To un)erstan) t%e Aarel Business Pro$esses

#9 To un)erstan) t%e or-in+ of ;arious )eart&ents of PONN AN7ER EPORT $ontri#utin+

toar)s ro$essin+ of an e6ort or)er

$9 To stu)y t%e E6ort 'o$u&entation in PONN AN7ER EPORT

i. Pre %i&ent ro$e)ure

ii. Post %i&ent ro$e)ure

%COPE OF THE %TUD/

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T%e ai& of t%is ro:e$t reort is to unfol) steise all $o&le6ities in;ol;e) in t%e e6ort

#usiness ri+%t fro& re$ei;in+ an e6ort or)er to final reali


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It ta-es into a$$ount only t%e ra$ti$al i&li$ations of )o$u&entation

Only Knitear e6orts %a;e #een analy


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Our ri&ary o#:e$ti;e of )oin+ t%is ro:e$t is to +et t%e first %an) -nole)+e of fun$tionin+ of an

e6ort unit. in$e e are not $o&arin+ to )ifferent entities on t%e #asis of t%eir finan$ial results, rat%er

e are learnin+ t%e e6ort ro$e)ure. Hen$e e@3loratory researc5 desi7nis t%e nee) of t%e %our.

3urt%er t%ere are fe reasons %i$% &a)e &e to use E@3loratory >ualitati2eresear$%4

It is not alays )esira#le or ossi#le to use fully stru$ture) or for&al &et%o)s to o#tain

infor&ation fro& reson)ents.

Peole &ay #e una#le ( unillin+ to anser $ertain >uestions or una#le to +i;e trut%ful ansers.

Peole &ay #e una#le to ro;i)e a$$urate anser to >uestion t%at ta t%eir su# $ons$iousness.

RE%EARCH TOOL% U%ED

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In Pri&ary )ata, >ualitati2e researc5 t5rou75 In-De3t5 Inter2ies 5as =een ado3ted. 3or

inter;ies nonBstructured o3en-ended uestions ere used.

In e$on)ary )ata, #ot% internal ( e6ternal resear$% as )one. 3or internal resear$% Ready

to use documents a;aila#le it% t%e or+aniue of least suare met5odfuture tren) for t%is $on$ern %as #een

fore$aste)

A!AL/%I% A!D I!TERPRETATIO!

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To understand t5e A33arel usiness Process in2ol2ed in PO!! %A!#ER E;PORT%

T%e te6tile an) aarel suly $%ain a$$ounts for a +oo) s%are in ter&s of nuer of $o&anies

an) eole e&loye). T%e aarel in)ustry %ere is )i;i)e) into four &ain se+&ents. At t%e to of t%e

suly $%ain, t%ere are fi#er 8ra &aterial9 ro)u$ers usin+ eit%er natural or synt%eti$ &aterials. Ra

fi#er is sun or -nitte) into fa#ri$ #y se$on) se+&ent. T%e t%ir) se+&ent of t%e suly $%ain is t%e aarel

&anufa$turer %i$% $on;erts fa#ri$ into +ar&ent it% &any ro$esses in;ol;e). T%e final se+&ent is t%e

retailers %o are resonsi#le for &a-in+ aarels a;aila#le to $onsu&ers.

It %as #een e6laine) usin+ t%e GT an+le aarel suly $%ain. T%is s%os %o #uyer, suliers

an) +ar&ent &anufa$turer are lin-e) to ea$% ot%er. T%e GT an+le illustrates %o infor&ation flos fro&

t%e #uyer to t%e aarel &anufa$turer. T%e infor&ation nor&ally, s-et$%es of t%e +ar&ent +i;en #y t%e

#uyer, are stu)ie) #y t%e &anufa$turer an) a$$or)in+ly list of ra &aterials re>uire) is &a)e. T%e

)ifferent sat$% 8stan)ar) for tye of yarn, $olour of t%e yarn an) ie$e of a$$essories9 are sent to

)ifferent suliers for )e;elo&ent. T%e sulier )e;elos an) sen)s it to &anufa$turer an) %i$% is

forar)e) to #uyer. On$e aro;e) #y #uyer, t%e or)ers are la$e) it% t%e suliers it% aro;e)

sa&les. F%en t%e ra &aterials are re$ei;e) as er t%e se$ifi$ations +i;en to t%e sulier, in!%ouse

&anufa$turin+ starts it% t%e ro)u$tion. T%e )ifferent ro$ess of &anufa$turin+ results in t%e final

+ar&ent ro)u$t %i$% is finally )isat$%e) to t%e Buyer. T%e Buyer t%en retails t%e sa&e t%rou+% stores

to t%e ulti&ate $onsu&ers.

T9" =T> ang&" o !9" +88ar"& Su88&, 9ain

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Descri3tion of t5e uyer %ide of t5e A33arel %u33ly C5ain

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T%e #uyer si)e is nor&ally in;ol;e) it% )esi+nin+ of t%e +ar&ent, ro)u$tion of sa&les, or)er

$olle$tion, aarel retail.

A33arel Desi7n

'esi+nin+ of Aarel is eit%er )one in!%ouse or $ontra$te) to )esi+n $o&anies. T%e first ste in

)esi+nin+ is t%e analysis of t%e $onsu&er %i$% t%e Co&any is tar+etin+. T%e aarel )esi+n is

influen$e) #y ;arious ara&eters li-e ot%er )esi+ner $olle$tion resente) in t%e fas%ion $ities of t%e

orl), fas%ion re;ies fro& earlier seasons, fas%ion &a+auantity et$

are &a)e. Base) on fa#ri$ an) >uantity )e$i)e), )e$isions relate) to $ountry an) &anufa$turers are &a)e.

On$e )e$ision is &a)e, )e;eloe) )esi+ns are sent to )ifferent &anufa$turers an) are as-e) to )e;elo

roto sa&les 8t%e sta+e #rin+s )esi+n fro& aer to $lot% for )esi+n aearan$e9. Nor&ally, )urin+ roto

sta+e &anufa$turer fi+ure stan)s #eteen " an) ?. On$e roto are )e;eloe), nuer of &anufa$turers is

re)u$e) to 2 to )een)in+ on t%e total >uantity of t%e arti$le an) also on sele$te) &anufa$turer

ro)u$tion $aa$ity or ;olu&es. T%e or)er >uantities are la$e) to )ifferent &anufa$turers an)

&anufa$turer is as-e) to )e;elo si


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a);ertisin+ an) see t%e &ar-et resonse toar)s t%e arti$le9 are &a)e. 3inally, it% e;eryt%in+ in la$e

to i)enti$al ie$es are )e;eloe) one for t%e #uyer an) ot%er for t%e &anufa$turer $alle) as sealer

8sealer sa&le is i)entifi$ation or stan)ar) for ro)u$tion9. T%is sa&le is sta&e) #y t%e #uyers an) t%e

&anufa$turer $an ro$ee) it% t%e ro)u$tion.

A33arel Retail

Aarel ro)u$ts are &a)e a;aila#le to $onsu&ers in a ;ariety of retail outlets. e$ialty stores

offer a li&ite) ran+e of aarel ro)u$ts an) a$$essories se$ialisin+ in a se$ifi$ &ar-et se+&ent.

Aarel sales also ta-e la$e t%rou+% %olesalers or &ass &er$%an)isers su$% as Fal!Mart, K&art an)

Tar+et. T%ese retailers offer a ;ariety of %ar) an) soft +oo)s in a))ition to aarel. 'eart&ental stores

li-e Ma$y@s, Nor)stro& offer a lar+e nuer of national #ran)s in #ot% %ar) an) soft +oo)s $ate+ories.

Off!ri$e stores, su$% as Mars%all@s an) T.*.Ma66 #uy e6$ess sto$- of )esi+ner! la#el an) #ran)e) aarel

fro& retailers an) are a#le to offer loer ri$es #ut it% in$o&lete assort&ents. T%e aarel sale is also

s%are) #y &ail or)er $o&anies, e!tailors t%rou+% internet, an) fa$tory outlets et$.

Descri3tion of t5e %u33lier %ide of t5e A33arel %u33ly C5ain

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T%e suliers in t%e aarel &anufa$turin+ are >uite )i;ersifie). It in;ol;es suliers of )ifferent

ra &aterials su$% as fi#re an) yarn ro)u$ers, fa#ri$ &anufa$turers an) ot%er ra!&aterials.

Fi=er and /arn Production

3i#res are $ate+orise) into to +rous4 natural an) &an!&a)e. Natural fi#re in$lu)es lant fi#res

su$% as $otton, linen, :ute et$ an) ani&al fi#re su$% as ool. ynt%eti$ fi#res in$lu)e nylon, olyester,

a$ryli$ et$. ynt%eti$ fi#re ro)u$tion usually re>uires si+nifi$ant $aital an) -nole)+e. Natural an)

synt%eti$ fi#res of s%ort len+t%s are $on;erte) into yarn #y Gsinners, Gt%rosters an) Gte6turi


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Descri3tion of t5e anufacturer %ide of t5e A33arel %u33ly C5ain

Fa=ric 3roduction

T%is se+&ent of suly $%ain transfor&s t%e yarn into fa#ri$ #y ro$ess of -nittin+. In -nittin+,

yarn is interloe) #y lat$%e) an) srin+ nee)les i.e. to )ifferent loos are &in+le) to+et%er it% nee)le

a):ust&ent. 7rey /arn &ay #e -nitte) #y a si&le ro$e)ure to ro)u$e +rey fa#ri$ an) %i$% are t%en

)ye) for a se$ifi$ $olor. Instea), )ye) yarns &ay also #e -nitte) #ut not )ye).

On$e t%e aro;als re+ar)in+ t%e ra!&aterial are &a)e #y t%e #uyer, t%e &anufa$turer $an ro$ee) it%

t%e ro)u$tion.

A33arel Production

T%e ro$ess ro$ee)s on$e t%e fa#ri$ is ro)u$e) it is eit%er )ye) or as%e). T%e )ye)

8$oloure)9 yarn fa#ri$ is as%e) an) +rey fa#ri$ is )ye) into a se$ifi$ $olour. After )yein+ or as%in+,

fa#ri$ is finis%e) #y re&o;in+ ater in t%e tuler an) later resse) in stenter %i$% also &aintains

i)t% of t%e fa#ri$. No t%e fa#ri$ is rea)y for +ar&entisin+ i.e. it is rea)y to #e $ut an) stit$%e) into t%e

+ar&ent.

7ar&entisin+ starts it% t%e )esi+n of t%e +ar&ent to #e &a)e 8usually on t%e aer $alle)

se$s9. Patterns 8usually &a)e u of t%i$-er an) stron+er aer9 are &a)e fro& t%e )esi+n %i$% is t%en

use) to $ut t%e fa#ri$ 8$uttin+ usually %aens in t%e for& of layers9. An effi$ient layout of t%e atterns on

t%e layers of fa#ri$ is $ru$ial for re)u$in+ t%e aste) &aterial. CA' syste&s are use) for attern layout

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an) are inte+rate) to+et%er it% $uttin+ syste&s. In aarel &anufa$turin+, all t%e sta+es are la#our

intensi;e as t%ey are not suita#le for any -in) of auto&ation.

In t%e stit$%in+ se$tion, +ar&ent is usually assele) usin+ t%e ro+ressi;e #un)le syste& 8PB9.

In PB, t%e or- is )eli;ere) to in)i;i)ual or- stations fro& t%e $uttin+ )eart&ent in #un)les. ein+

&a$%ine oerators t%en ro$ess or se t%e& in #at$%es i.e. first fe are oeration are :oinin+ t%e )ifferent

arts to+et%er an) t%en furt%er a&en)&ents relate) to )esi+n are $arrie) out. T%e suer;isors )ire$t an)

#alan$e t%e line a$ti;ities an) $%e$- t%e >uality. T%is in;ol;es lar+e or- in ro+ress 8FIP9 in;entories

an) &ini&al fle6i#ility. 3or faster aarel ro)u$tion, use of unit ro)u$tion syste& %i$% re)u$es t%e

#uffer si


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"or1in7 of 2arious de3artments contri=utin7 toards 3rocessin7 of an e@3ort order

PO! %A!#ER E;PORT%

anufacturin7 Process and Production

Fa=ric Process Flo C5art

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Ba!c9

*r"8ara!ion

Yarn In2

9ous"

NITTING T,+a /;

18 / /; ;a


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#arment Process Flo C5art

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I88e /W+RE:OUSE+u!o)a!ic Fa'ric

La,"ring Ba!c9

!+*a A@+

UTTI

100F

Ga,e*

100F Pa*e

I*85e-+/*

CAD a,e, ) A8

5e, a55,/e@

FINIS:I W+S:I

Fa'ric +udi! Ba!c9


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T%e a#o;e to )ia+ra&s s%o )etaile) i$ture of PON AN7ER EPORT@ Aarel

Manufa$turin+ an) uly C%ain. T%e &anufa$turer suly $%ain starts %en yarn is in!%ouse an) en)s

%en +ar&ent is ro)u$e) an) is rea)y for )isat$%. T%e entire ro$ess is )i;i)e) into to se+&ents i.e.

t%e ro$ess an) t%e ro)u$tion. T%e ro$ess in;ol;es yarn inse$tion, -nittin+, )yein+ or as%in+ an)

finis%in+. In t%e ro$ess, t%e yarn is $on;erte) to fa#ri$ t%en it is eit%er )ye) or as%e) an) finally

finis%e). T%e ro)u$tion in;ol;es fa#ri$ $uttin+, stit$%in+, an) +ar&ent #ein+ finis%e) an) finally

)isat$%e).

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PO!! %A!#ER( De3artments Functions and O3erations

Co&any &ainly )eals in to se+&ents of t%e aarel suly $%ain i.e. one &anufa$turin+ of

fa#ri$ an) ot%er &anufa$turin+ of +ar&ent. T%ese to se+&ents are to )ifferent ro$esses #ut are ;ery

&u$% lin-e) in t%e suly $%ain. T%e Co&any %as )ifferent )eart&ents ea$% %a;in+ se$ifie) fun$tions

an) resonsi#ilities. 'es$rition of ea$% )eart&ent ill follo in rese$t to %o t%ey o$$ur in suly

$%ain4

/arn De3artment

/arn 8t%rea)9 is one of t%e &ost i&ortant ra!&aterials for t%e +ar&ent &anufa$turin+.

Co&any ur$%ases yarn fro& ot%er sinnin+ &ills a$ross t%e $ountry an) also so&eti&es fro& ot%er

$ountries su$% as C%ina an) Taian. /arn )eart&ent is resonsi#le for la$in+ or)er of yarn to t%e &ills.

T%eir resonsi#ility is to &a-e sure yarn is or)ere) fro& ri+%t sulier, )eli;ere) in ri+%t ti&e it%

)esire) >uality an) &aintain sto$- listin+ of yarn. /arn )eart&ent is also resonsi#le for $%e$-in+ t%e

>uality i.e. stren+t%, $olor an) >uantity of t%e yarn )eli;ere). T%e )e$ision re+ar)in+ t%e yarn >uantity,

>uality an) stren+t% is )e$i)e) #y PPC i.e. ro)u$tion, lannin+ an) $ontrol )eart&ent. PPC la$es t%e

or)er one &ont% in a);an$e.

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:nittin7 De3artment

Knittin+ )eart&ent is resonsi#le for ro)u$in+ -nitte) fa#ri$ i.e. fa#ri$ fro& yarn. 3or fa#ri$

ro)u$tion, to tyes of &a$%ines are nor&ally use) i.e. $ir$ular -nittin+ &a$%ine an) flat -nittin+

&a$%ine. Knittin+ )eart&ent re$ei;es or)ers fro& PPC statin+ arti$le or style nuer an) >uantity of

fa#ri$ re>uire). T%e -nittin+ )eart&ent &a-es t%e ro)u$tion lannin+ for all -nittin+ &a$%ines #ase) on

re>uest fro& PPC an) also $al$ulates an) or)ers re>uire) yarn fro& t%e yarn )eart&ent. Plannin+ is

usually )one for e;ery ee-.

"as5in7 and Dyein7 De3artment

T%e )eart&ent is resonsi#le for to )ifferent sta+es in +ar&ent &anufa$turin+. 3or +rey 8not

$olore)9 fa#ri$, )eart&ent is resonsi#le for $oloration of fa#ri$ an) for )ye) 8$olore)9 fa#ri$,

)eart&ent is resonsi#le for as%in+. T%e ro$ess of )yein+ is ti&e $onsu&in+ an) as )ifferent $olor

$%e$-s are re>uire). T%e )eart&ent re$ei;es or)er fro& t%e PPC statin+ arti$le an) >uantity re>uire).

T%e )eart&ent &a-es t%e ro)u$tion lan for t%e )yein+ an) t%e as%in+ &a$%ine #ase) on or)er fro&

t%e PPC an) also sen)s re>uest to -nittin+ )eart&ent for t%e )isat$% of t%e fa#ri$. Plannin+ is )one on

ee-ly #asis. 'yein+ is sent to t%e ro$essin+ unit in Tiruur or Ero)e. ele$tion is #ase) on t%e #asis of

$ost, finis%, loyalty an) $re)it ter&s. T%e ro$esse) fa#ri$ is i&orte) fro& C%ina an) Taian in$ase

%en it $annot #e )one in In)ia. T%is is uon t%e re>uest of t%e #uyer se$ifi$ally.

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Finis5in7 De3artment

T%e )eart&ent is resonsi#le for finis%in+ of t%e fa#ri$ it% a roer ro$e)ure so t%at it is

rea)y for +ar&ent ro)u$tion. F%et%er t%e fa#ri$ is )ye) or as%e), it follos t%e sa&e ro$ess in t%e

finis%in+ )eart&ent. On$e t%e fa#ri$ is as%e) or )ye), it nee)s to #e tule) in tuler 8sort of #i+

as%in+ &a$%ine9 resonsi#le for re&o;in+ ater an) &aintain t%e fa#ri$ i)t% an) s%rin-a+e. After

%i$% fa#ri$ is )rie) in a tenter 8)ryer9 an) a$-e) in layer an) is rea)y for +ar&ent ro)u$tion. T%e

finis%in+ )eart&ents re$ei;e or)ers fro& PPC a+ain statin+ t%e arti$le or style nuer an) t%e >uantity.

T%e )eart&ent sen)s t%e fa#ri$ to t%e &entione) $uttin+ se$tion.

Cuttin7 De3artment

T%e )eart&ent is resonsi#le for $uttin+ of t%e fa#ri$ into )ifferent arts of t%e +ar&ent. T%is

)eart&ent is &ainly resonsi#le for $uttin+ an) a;oi)in+ asta+e. To ensure &ini&u& asta+e, roer

set of tools su$% as CA' an) ot%ers are use) in t%e ro$ess. T%e PPC #y usin+ CA' an) ot%er tools issues

arti$le a;era+e it% a )raft or )ia+ra& of %o )ifferent atterns s%oul) #e la$e) on to t%e layer. T%e

$uttin+ )eart&ent #ase) on t%eir e6erien$e an) e6ertise eit%er a$$ets t%e roose) a;era+e or

so&eti&es +i;es a #etter a;era+e #y fe er$ent. T%e )eart&ent &a-es ro)u$tion lan for all $uttin+

stations #ase) on arti$le or style re>ueste). T%is also or-s on ee-ly #asis. On$e fa#ri$ is $ut )ifferent

arts of t%e sa&e +ar&ent are #un)le) to+et%er.

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%titc5in7 De3artment

T%e )eart&ent is resonsi#le for stit$%in+ )ifferent arts of +ar&ent to+et%er. T%e ro$ess ta-es

la$e in t%e assely line syste&. T%e assely line syste& is t%e set of &any )ifferent stit$%in+

&a$%ines ea$% for a se$ifi$ urose. T%ese &a$%ines are arran+e) in an or)erly fas%ion )een)in+ on

%o )ifferent arts of +ar&ent s%oul) #e atta$%e). Assely line &et%o) is use) for lar+e ro)u$tion.

PPC )e$i)es on t%e arti$le or style to #e ro)u$e) it% >uantity. T%e stit$%in+ )eart&ent &a-es

ne$essary ro)u$tion lannin+ i.e. ti&e line in a$$or)an$e it% ea$% arti$le. T%e stit$%in+ ro$ess is t%e

&ost ti&e $onsu&in+ an) la#our intensi;e ro$ess in t%e entire +ar&ent ro)u$tion. T%e lannin+ is )one

ee-ly.

Finis5in7 and Pac1a7in7 De3artment

T%is is final sta+e #efore t%e +ar&ent is rea)y to #e s%ie). As t%e +ar&ent is alrea)y finis%e), it

re>uires a series of >uality $%e$-s. T%e +ar&ent +oes t%rou+% t%e >uality $%e$-s li-e $olor test, as%in+

test, stit$%in+ test et$. After %i$% it is stea& resse), la#ele), a$-e) into +ar&ent #a+s an) finally, ut

into t%e $artons. On$e all $artons are a$-e) an) la#ele), e6ternal >uality $%e$- ta-es la$e an) +oo)s are

s%ie). T%e PPC )eart&ent +i;es t%e )etails of t%e PO to #e finis%e), a$-e) an) )isat$%e).

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erc5andisin7 De3artment

T%e )eart&ent a$ts as a liaison #eteen t%e #uyer an) &anufa$turin+ )i;ision. On one %an), t%e

)eart&ent is resonsi#le for notifyin+ $%an+es in t%e ro)u$t to t%e PPC an) also to &a-e sure t%at

arti$le is ro)u$e) as er lannin+ #y t%e PPC an) it%in )isat$% ti&e li&its. On t%e ot%er %an), it %as to

$ontinually u)ate #uyer it% lannin+ an) ro)u$tion status. T%e )eart&ent ta-es $are of all

$orreson)en$e it% #uyer an) is resonsi#le for $o&&uni$atin+ it to PPC. T%e )eart&ent also ta-es

$are of ne$essary sa&lin+ su$% as roto, siuantity an) )isat$% )ate, it )oes t%e lannin+ for

ro)u$t $y$le. T%e to &ana+e&ent is in $ontinuous $onta$t it% PPC.

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T5e PPC lin1 it5 ot5er de3artments

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To understand t5e E@3ort Procedure in PO!! %A!#ER E;PORT%

It is essential t%at a erson en+a+e) in international tra)e #e aare of t%e ;arious ro$e)ures

in;ol;e). T%e #usiness of e6orts is %ea;ily )o$u&ent!oriente) ( one &ust +et a$>uainte) it% t%e entire

ro$e)ure. 3ailure to $o&ly it% )o$u&entary re>uire&ent &ay lea) to finan$ial loss.

T%e ro$e)ural ase$t of e6ort oerations are >uite for&i)a#le an) for t%at &atter e;en an

e6erien$e) e6orter is o;er%el&e) #y t%e &a+nitu)e of ro$e)ural re>uire&ents at e;ery sta+e of

e6ort e6e$ution ri+%t fro& t%e ti&e an e6ort or)er is o#taine) until t%e reali


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E58or! 8roc"dur" Ao< c9ar!

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Pre-%5i3ment Procedure

On re$ei;in+ t%e re>uisition ( ur$%ase or)er fro& &er$%ant %ee Anne@ure 4 and ,9,

)o$u&entation )eart&ent issues an in;oi$e. To in;oi$es are reare) i.e. $o&&er$ial in;oi$e (

$usto& in;oi$e. Co&&er$ial in;oi$e is reare) for t%e #uyer ( Custo& in;oi$e is reare) for

t%e Custo& aut%orities of #ot% t%e $ountries.

Pa$-in+ list is reare) %i$% )etails t%e +oo)s #ein+ s%ie).

7P $ertifi$ate is reare) if t%e $onsi+n&ent is e6orte) to E or $ountries &entione) in t%e

7P list.

Buyin+ %ouse inse$ts t%e +oo)s ( issues an inse$tion $ertifi$ate.

Certifi$ate of ori+in is also issue) an) atta$%e), if re>uire).

3olloin+ )o$u&ents are +i;en to Custo&s for t%eir referen$e4

Custo& In;oi$e

Pa$-in+ list

IEC $ertifi$ate

Pur$%ase Or)er or LC, if re>uire).

Custo& anne6ure

On re$eit of a#o;e )o$u&ents, $usto&s ill issue $learan$e $ertifi$ate. After $usto& $learan$e a set of )o$u&ents it% $usto& $learan$e re$eit are sent alon+ it% t%e

$onsi+n&ent to t%e forar)er. 3orar)er #oo-s t%e s%i&ent ( as er t%e siuire&ent4

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In;oi$e

Pa$-in+ List

7P 8if e6orts to Euroe9

Certifi$ate of Ori+in 8if re>uire)9

Fearin+ Aarel s%eet

A $oy of 3CR Airay Bill Bill of La)in+

Buyin+ %ouse t%en inti&ates t%e #uyer a#out t%e s%i&ent ( +i;es t%e )etails re+ar)in+

it. Buyin+ %ouse ill sen) a set of t%ese )o$u&ents to t%e #uyer.

Buyer $olle$ts t%e $onsi+n&ent fro& t%e )estination ort #y s%oin+ t%e folloin+ )o$u&ents4

In;oi$e

Pa$-in+ List

Bill of la)in+ 3CR Airay Bill

On s%i&ent of +oo)s, e6orter ill sen) t%e )o$u&ents to t%e i&orter@s #an-.

Post-%5i3ment Procedure

A forei+n #uyer ill &a-e t%e ay&ent in to ays4

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TT 8 tele+ra%i$ transfer9 i.e. Fire Transfer 8A);an$e ay&ent, as er t%e $lause "0Q

a);an$e ( re&ainin+ "0Q on s%i&ent9

Letter of Cre)it

If t%e ay&ent ter&s are a $onfir&e) LC t%en t%e ay&ent ill #e &a)e #y t%e forei+n #an- on

re$ei;in+ t%e folloin+ )o$u&ents4

In;oi$e

Pa$-in+ list

BL

Any ot%er re>uire) #y t%e #uyer or t%e $ountry of i&ort.

T%e ay&ent ter&s $an #e4

At i+%t

Fit%in 1" )ays fro& Bill of La)in+ or Airay Bill )ate.

Fit%in 0 )ays fro& Bill of La)in+ or Airay Bill )ate.



After s%i&ent, e6orter sen)s t%e )o$u&ents to t%e #uyer@s #an- for ay&ent. As t%e #uyer@s #an-

re$ei;e t%e )o$u&ents it ill $onfir& it% t%e #uyer for release of ay&ent. On $onfir&ation, it

ill &a-e t%e ay&ent in t%e forei+n $urren$y. T%e transa$tion ill #e Ban- to Ban-.

T%e )o&esti$ #ran$% ill $re)it t%e e6orter@s a$$ount, as a+ainst t%e rese$ti;e ur$%ase or)er or

in;oi$e, in In)ian ruees #y $on;ertin+ t%e forei+n $urren$y as er t%e $urrent #an- rate.

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If t%e ay&ent is t%rou+% ire transfer, t%e ay&ent ill #e &a)e as er t%e ter&s a+ree) #y t%e

e6orter 8A);an$e ay&ent, as er t%e $lause "0Q a);an$e ( re&ainin+ "0Q on s%i&ent9.

E@3ort Documents

An e6ort tra)e transa$tion )istin+uis%es itself fro& a )o&esti$ tra)e transa$tion in &ore t%an

one ay. One of t%e &ost si+nifi$ant ;ariations #eteen t%e to arises on a$$ount of t%e &u$% &ore

intensi;e )o$u&entation or-. T%e )o$u&ents &entione) in t%e re ( ost s%i&ent ro$e)ure are

)is$usse) #elo4

+9 In2oice4 It is reare) #y an e6orter ( sent to t%e i&orter for ne$essary a$$etan$e. F%en t%e

#uyer is rea)y to ur$%ase t%e +oo)s, %e ill re>uest for an in;oi$e. In;oi$e is of tyes4a9 Commercial in2oice4 It is a )o$u&ent issue) #y t%e seller of +oo)s to t%e #uyer raisin+ %is $lai&

for t%e ;alue of +oo)s )es$ri#e) t%erein, it in)i$ates )es$rition of +oo)s, >uantity, ;alue a+ree)

er unit ( total ;alue to #e ai). Nor&ally, t%e in;oi$e is reare) first, ( se;eral ot%er

)o$u&ents are t%en reare) #y )eri;in+ infor&ation fro& t%e in;oi$e.

=9 Consular in2oice4 It is $ertifi$ation #y a $onsul or 7o;ern&ent offi$ial $o;erin+ an international

s%i&ent of +oo)s. It ensures t%at e6orter@s tra)e aers are in or)er ( t%e +oo)s #ein+ s%ie)

)o not ;iolate any la or tra)e restri$tions.c9 Customs in2oice4 It is an in;oi$e &a)e on se$ifie) for&at for t%e Custo& offi$ials to )eter&ine

t%e ;alue et$. as res$ri#e) #y t%e aut%orities of t%e i&ortin+ $ountry.

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)9 Pac1in7 list( It s%os t%e )etails of +oo)s $ontaine) in ea$% ar$el s%i&ent. Consi)era#ly &ore

)etaile) an) infor&ati;e t%an a stan)ar) )o&esti$ a$-in+ list, it ite&iuire) #y so&e ur$%asers an) $ountries in or)er to

attest to t%e se$ifi$ations of t%e +oo)s s%ie). T%is is usually erfor&e) #y a t%ir) arty an) often

o#taine) fro& in)een)ent testin+ or+aniuire a $ertifi$ate of ori+in it%out %i$%

$learan$e to i&ort is refuse). T%e $ertifi$ate of ori+in states t%at t%e +oo)s e6orte) are ori+inally

&anufa$ture) in t%e $ountry %ose na&e is &entione) in t%e $ertifi$ate. Certifi$ate of ori+in is

re>uire) %en4

T%e +oo)s ro)u$e) in a arti$ular $ountry are su#:e$t to@ referential tariff rates in t%e forei+n

&ar-et at t%e ti&e i&ortation.

T%e +oo)s ro)u$e) in a arti$ular $ountry are #anne) for i&ort in t%e forei+n &ar-et.

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2. I&orter@s na&e, a))ress an) $ountry. Means of transort an) route. 3or offi$ial use8to #e fille) #y t%e offi$ials9". Ite& no.5. Mar-s an) no. a$-a+es. No. an) -in) of a$-a+es an) )es$rition of +oo)s?. Ori+in $riterion.7ross ei+%t or >uantity10. No. an) )ate of in;oi$e11. 3or $ertifi$ation of $o&etent aut%ority! in t%is $olu&n t%e $o&etent aut%ority ill sta& an) si+n

for t%e $ertifi$ation of t%e for&.12. 'e$laration #y t%e e6orter in t%is $olu&n t%e e6orter )e$lares t%e a#o;e )etails &entione) are

$orre$t an) $ountry %ere t%e +oo)s ro)u$e) for e6ort an) na&e of t%e i&ortin+ $ountry an)

t%en sta&e) an) si+ne) #y t%e aut%ori


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69 ill of Ladin7( T%e #ill of la)in+ is a )o$u&ent issue) #y t%e s%iin+ $o&any or its a+ent

a$-nole)+in+ t%e re$eit of +oo)s on #oar) t%e ;essel, an) un)erta-in+ to )eli;er t%e +oo)s in

t%e li-e or)er an) $on)ition as re$ei;e), to t%e $onsi+nee or %is or)er, ro;i)e) t%e frei+%t an)

ot%er $%ar+es as se$ifie) in t%e #ill %a;e #een )uly ai). It is also a )o$u&ent of title to t%e

+oo)s an) as su$%, is freely transfera#le #y en)orse&ent an) )eli;ery.

A #ill of la)in+ nor&ally $ontains t%e folloin+ )etails4

T%e na&e of t%e $o&any

T%e na&e an) a))ress of t%e s%ier e6orter

T%e na&e an) a))ress of t%e i&orter a+ent

T%e na&e of t%e s%i

oya+e nuer an) )ate

T%e na&e of t%e orts of s%i&ent an) )is$%ar+e

uality, >uantity, &ar-s an) ot%er )es$rition

T%e nuer of a$-a+es

F%et%er frei+%t ai) or aya#le

T%e nuer of ori+inals issue)

T%e )ate of loa)in+ of +oo)s on t%e s%i

T%e si+nature of t%e issuin+ aut%ority.

9 Airay ill( An airay #ill, also $alle) an air $onsi+n&ent note, is a re$eit issue) #y an airline for

t%e $arria+e of +oo)s. As ea$% s%iin+ $o&any %as its on #ill of la)in+, so ea$% airline %as its on

airay #ill. Airay Bill or Air Consi+n&ent Note is not treate) as a )o$u&ent of title an) is not

issue) in ne+otia#le for&.

+*9 ates Recei3t4 Mates re$eit is a re$eit issue) #y t%e Co&&an)in+ Offi$er of t%e s%i %en t%e

$ar+o is loa)e) on t%e s%i. T%e &ates re$eit is a ri&a fa$ie e;i)en$e t%at +oo)s are loa)e) in t%e

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;essel. T%e &ates re$eit is first %an)e) o;er to t%e Port Trust Aut%orities. After &a-in+ ay&ent of

all ort )ues, t%e e6orter or %is a+ent $olle$ts t%e &ates re$eit fro& t%e Port Trust Aut%orities. T%e

&ates re$eit is freely transfera#le. It &ust #e %an)e) o;er to t%e s%iin+ $o&any in or)er to +et

t%e #ill of la)in+. Bill of la)in+ is reare) on t%e #asis of t%e &ates re$eit. It $ontains infor&ation

relatin+ to

'es$rition of a$-a+es.

Con)ition of +oo)s a$-a+es loa)e) on t%e ;essel.

Na&e of t%e ;essel

'ate of loa)in+

Port of )eli;ery

Na&e of t%e a))ress of t%e s%ier e6orter

Na&e an) a))ress of t%e i&orter $onsi+nee.

Ot%er re>uire) )etails.

Im3ortance of ate?s recei3t(-

T%e &ain i&ortan$e of &ate@s re$eit is t%at is ser;es as an a$-nole)+e&ent of t%e +oo)s

loa)e) on t%e s%i. After loa)in+, t%e +oo)s re&ain in t%e $usto)y of t%e $atain &ate of t%e s%i.

+9 It ena#les t%e a+ent of t%e e6orter to ay ort trust )ues. After &a-in+ ay&ent of ort )ues, t%e

a+ent $olle$ts t%e &ate@s re$eit an) su#&its it to t%e $usto&s re;enti;e offi$er.

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)9 It ena#les t%e s%iin+ a+ent of t%e e6orter to resent t%e &ate@s re$eit to t%e $usto&s

re;enti;e offi$er to re$or) t%e $ertifi$ate of s%i&ent of all $oies of s%iin+ #ill an) ot%er

)o$u&ents.49 T%e e6ort a+ent $an o#tain #ill of la)in+ on t%e #asis of &ate@s re$eit fro& t%e s%iin+

$o&any.

++9 %5i33in7 ill: %iin+ #ill is t%e &ain $usto&s )o$u&ent, re>uire) #y t%e $usto&s aut%orities for

+rantin+ er&ission for t%e s%i&ent of +oo)s. T%e $ar+o is &o;e) insi)e t%e )o$- area only after t%e

s%iin+ #ill is )uly sta&e), i.e. $ertifie) #y t%e $usto&s. %iin+ #ill is nor&ally reare) in fi;e

$oies4

Custo&s $oy

'ra#a$- $oy

E6ort ro&otion $oy

Port trust $oy

E6orters $oy

Ty3es of %5i33in7 ill

+9 Manual %iin+ Bill

)9 Co&uter +enerate E'I s%iin+ #ill

anual %5i33in7 ill(

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It ill #e reare) in >ua)ruli$ate an) to a))itional $oies in t%e res$ri#e) for&at. It $ontains

e6orter@s na&e an) a))ress, In;oi$e no. an) )ate, s%iin+ #ill no., Nuer an) )es$rition of a$-a+es,

uantity, ei+%t an) ;alue of +oo)s, Na&e of ;essel in %i$% +oo)s are to #e s%ie), Country of

)estination, total a&ount of )uty, ort at %i$% +oo)s to #e )is$%ar+e), an) any ot%er )etails if ali$a#le.

It ill #e fille) #y t%e $usto&s a+ent an) si+ne) #y #ot% t%e e6orter an) $usto&s a+ent. T%is )o$u&ent

use) for t%e $usto&s $learan$e of t%e e6ortin+ +oo)s. After $usto&s $learan$e t%e s%iin+ #ill ill #e

nuere) it% )ate an) )uly sta&e) an) si+ne) it% GLet e6ort er&ission #y t%e $usto&s offi$ial.

After t%is only $usto&s a+ents ill allo t%e +oo)s to $lear t%rou+% sea or air.

Com3uter #enerated EDI

It also $ontains t%e sa&e )etails as t%at of &anual s%iin+ #ill reare) #y $usto&s, %i$% is

%a;in+ an on line E'I 8Ele$troni$ 'ata Inter$%an+e9 syste&. T%is ill #e si+ne) #y t%e CHA 8Custo&s

House A+ent9 an) $usto&s offi$ial it% GLet e6ort er&ission.

F%en +oo)s are &anufa$ture) in In)ia on %i$% )ra#a$- )uty is alloe), t%e s%iin+ #ill use)

is $alle) t%e )ra#a$- s%iin+ #ill.

+)9 Letter of Credit( T%is &et%o) of ay&ent %as #e$o&e t%e &ost oular for& in re$ent ti&es it is

&ore se$ure) as $o&any to ot%er &et%o)s of ay&ent 8ot%er t%an a);an$e ay&ent9. A letter of

$re)it $an #e )efine) as Gan un)erta-in+ #y i&orter@s #an- statin+ t%at ay&ent ill #e &a)e to t%e

e6orter if t%e re>uire) )o$u&ents are resente) to t%e #an- it%in t%e ;arietyof t%e LC.

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Contents of a Letter Of Credit

A letter of $re)it is an i&ortant instru&ent in realiuantity, unit rate, ter&s of

s%i&ent li-e CI3, 3OB et$.

Tye of a$-in+

'o$u&ents to #e su#&itte) to t%e #an- uon s%i&ent

Toleran$e le;el for #ot% >uantity an) ;alue

If LC is restri$te) for ne+otiation

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Reiurse&ent $lause

S!"8s in an I)8or! Transac!ion


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Realisation of E@3ort Proceeds

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On$e t%e +oo)s %a;e #een %ysi$ally loa)e) on #oar) t%e s%i, t%e e6orter s%oul) arran+e to

o#tain %is ay&ent for t%e e6orts &a)e #y su#&ittin+ rele;ant )o$u&ents.

A $o&lete set of )o$u&ents nor&ally su#&itte) for t%e urose of ne+otiation is $alle) a

ne+otia#le set of )o$u&ents, %i$% usually $onsist of t%e folloin+4

1. Bill of e6$%an+e

2. Bill of la)in+

. Co&&er$ial in;oi$e

. Pa$-in+ list

". Inse$tion $ertifi$ate

5. 7P $ertifi$ate

!e7otiation

A $o&lete set of ne+otia#le )o$u&ents is resente) to t%e ne+otiatin+ #an- t%rou+% %o& t%e

)o$u&entary letter of $re)it %as #een a);ise). F%ere t%e e6orter %as $o&lie) it% all t%e ter&s an)

$on)itions of t%e letter of $re)it %ile su#&ittin+ %is )o$u&ents to t%e ne+otiatin+ #an-, t%e )o$u&ents

are )ee&e) to #e $lean. T%e letter of $re)it oene) #y t%e #uyer t%rou+% %is #an- 8oenin+ #an-9

aut%ori


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nuer an) )ate )ran on, $re)it no., $orreson)in+ #an- a))ress, t%e a&ount to #e $olle$te) , ter&s of

ay&ent, i&orter@s na&e an) a))ress it% in;oi$e no. an) #ill of la)in+ or airay #ill no. t%e )rafts

)ran are of to tyes.

+9 i+%t )raft)9 san$e )raft

If t%e letter of $re)it stiulates ay&ent at si+%t, t%e e6orter )ras a Gsi+%t )raft on t%e #uyer or

%is #an-. F%en si+%t )rafts are )ran #y t%e e6orter, %e e6e$ts t%e #uyer to arran+e for ay&ent

i&&e)iately on resentation of t%e )raft. ntil ay&ent for t%e )raft is &a)e, s%iin+ )o$u&ents ill

not #e %an)e) o;er to t%e #uyer to ena#le %i& to $lear t%e +oo)s9 %ee Anne@ure +*

F%en t%e e6orter %as offere) $re)it ter&s for ay&ent, a Gsan$e )raft is usually )ran #y t%e

ne+otiatin+ #an- of t%e e6orter. It is )ran for t%e ay&ent after a se$ifie) erio). T%e #uyer on %o&

t%e )raft is )ran retires t%e )raft after 0)ays, 50)ays or 0)ays as a+ree) #eteen %i& an) t%e e6orter

at t%e ti&e of $on$lu)in+ t%e $ontra$t. T%e letter of $re)it oene) #y t%e #uyer ill $learly se$ify t%e

$re)it erio) %i$% %as #een a+ree) uon an) oul) &ention t%at t%e )raft s%oul) #e )ran for 0,50 or

0 )ays, as t%e $ase &ay #e.

3or a $re)it erio) #eyon) 1?0 )ays, t%e e6orter %as to o#tain t%e rior er&ission of t%e

e6$%an+e $ontrol aut%orities in In)ia. T%e #ill of e6$%an+e )ran s%oul) $orreson) to t%e $on)itions

stiulate) in t%e letter of $re)it.

Besi)es t%e ne+otiation of t%e )o$u&ents, t%e #an-er %as to erfor& ot%er for&alities. As art of

t%e ne+otiation set of )o$u&ents, t%e e6orter %as su#&itte) t%e )uli$ate $oy of t%e 7R!1 for&. After

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ne+otiation are $o&lete, an) ay&ent is %ysi$ally re$ei;e) #y t%e #an-, t%e )uli$ate $oy of t%e 7R!1

for& is sent to t%e RBI after )ue $%e$-s.

T%e e6orter re>uires a $o&&er$ial in;oi$e atteste) #y t%e #an- for %is use in $lai&in+

in$enti;es. T%e #an- attests t%e e6tra $oies of t%e $o&&er$ial in;oi$e sulie) #y t%e e6orter an)

returns t%e& to %i&.

To ena#le t%e e6orter to $lai& in$enti;es ali$a#le for e6orts, a $ertifi$ate -non as 3or& I or

GBan- Certifi$ate is re>uire). T%e 3or& I or Ban- $ertifi$ate )es$ri#es t%e ro)u$t e6orte), its ;alue,

t%e )etails of t%e in;oi$e, t%e #ill of la)in+ a+ainst %i$% t%e e6ort as &a)e, t%e rate of $on;ersion for

t%e e6$%an+e for t%e e6$%an+e use), et$. t%e $ase of CI3 $ontra$ts, t%e #an- $ertifi$ate se$ifies t%e fo#

;alue, frei+%t an) insuran$e un)er searate %ea)in+s as e;i)en$e) in t%e #ill of la)in+, insuran$e oli$y

an) in;oi$e. T%e #an- $ertifi$ate also in)i$ates t%e 7R!1 for& nuer a+ainst %i$% t%e e6ort as

&a)e. T%e ori+inal $oy of t%e #an- $ertifi$ate is furnis%e) to t%e e6orter an) t%e )uli$ate $oy is sent

to t%e *'73T of t%e area. A t%ir) $oy &ay #e -et for its offi$ial re$or)s.

Realisation of E@3ort Incenti2es(

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T%e in$enti;es t%e e6orter ill +et in to)ay@s $onte6t an) t%e &anner in %i$% t%ey $an #e

o#taine) are as follos4

49499+9 Duty Dra=ac14

T%is refers to a rate fi6e) #y t%e +o;ern&ent #ase) on t%e $usto&s )uty an) e6$ise )uty

$o&onents %i$% +o into t%e ro)u$tion of an e6ort ro)u$t. T%is )oes not refer to t%e finis%e) ro)u$t

e6$ise )uty, #ut to t%e e6$ise an) $usto&s )uty ai) on all t%e ra &aterials an) $o&onents %i$% +o

into t%e ro)u$tion.

E;ery year t%e 'eart&ent $alls for latest )ata on t%ese t%rou+% t%e E6ort Pro&otion Coun$ils,

)eter&ines t%e )ra#a$- rate an) u#lis% it for t%e e6orters #y *une of t%e year.

F%en t%e s%iin+ #ill is su#&itte) to t%e $usto&s for t%e s%iin+ of +oo)s, it $onsists of a set

of fi;e $oies. T%e )uli$ate $oy is -non as t%e S'ra#a$- $oy@, an) t%is ill $ontain all t%e )etails

li-e )es$rition of t%e ro)u$t, t%e ort of )estination, t%e total a&ount of )ra#a$- as er +o;ern&ent

notifi$ation et$. t%is $oy is en)orse&ent #y $usto&s an) sent )ire$tly #y t%e& to t%e )ra#a$- $ell in t%e

$usto&s )eart&ent situate) in t%e ort fro& %i$% +oo)s ere e6orte). T%e e6orter $an aroa$% t%is

$ell for %is )ra#a$- ay&ent it% any a))itional )etails t%ey &ay as- for.

E@cise Re=ate(

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3inis%e) +oo)s %i$% are su#:e$t to e6$ise )uty for %o&e $onsu&tion are e6e&t fro& t%e )uty

%en t%ey are e6orte). T%e s$%e&e is also ali$a#le %ere t%e e6orte) +oo)s $ontain e6$isa#le +oo)s

in t%eir &anufa$ture.

T%e e6orter $an a;ail of t%is fa$ility in eit%er of t%e folloin+ &et%o)s, %ere finis%e) +oo)s are

e6$isa#le4

i9 E@3ort under ond(

n)er t%is &et%o), t%e e6orter %as to e6e$ute a #on) in fa;our of Central E6$ise

Aut%orities. T%e a&ount of t%e #on) ill #e e>ual to t%e )uty on t%e esti&ate) &a6i&u& outstan)in+ of

+oo)s lea;in+ t%e fa$tory it%out ayin+ t%e )uty an) en)in+ a$$etan$e of t%eir roof of e6ort #y

e6$ise aut%orities. No e6$ise nee) to #e ai) #y t%e e6orter.

ii9 Refund of Duty(

If t%e )uty is alrea)y ai), after e6ort is &a)e, t%e e6orter s%oul) &a-e a $lai& it% t%e Central

E6$ise Aut%orities. After ;erifi$ation of t%e $lai&, t%e e6$ise aut%orities ill arran+e for t%e refun) of t%e

$entral e6$ise.

F%ere t%e e6$isa#le &aterials %a;e #een use) in t%e &anufa$ture, si&ilar to t%e a#o;e

arran+e&ent, t%e e6orter $an a;ail of t%e fa$ility of &anufa$turin+ un)er #on) or %e $an $lai& refun)

after )uty is ai).

TUR! O


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Turn O2er of PO! %A!#ER E;PORT%

In crores

/EAR %ALE% R%


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FI!DI!#% A!D I!FERE!CE

T%e )o$u&entation aer or-s are si&lifie) t%an t%e re;ious years.

T%is %as le) to t%e e&er+en$e of a #usiness en;iron&ent ,i)enin+ #ot% t%e s$oe an) s$ale of

oortunities oen to sellers

T%ou+% &any )o$u&ents re;ail in )o$u&entation, only $ertain )o$u&ents lay a ;ital art in t%e

$o&any.

It uses t%e In$o ter&s as 3OB an) C(3 &ostly.

3ro& t%e $o&any@s ro$e)ure, t%e folloin+ %as #een inferre)

Forard %ystem folloed in PO! %A!#ER E;PORT%

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Euroe Countries offer ta6 #enefits for t%e i&orts. T%is is not ro;i)e) #y t%e ..

?!10Q is -et as t%e rofit &ar+in.

T%e fir& ays a ta6 of Q for t%e i&orts fro& Taian an) C%ina.

T%e s%i&ent $arry )ays are 1?)ays to Euroe an) 25!0)ays to ..

T%e fir& ays its #an- Canara Ban-, an a&ount of =2" for ea$% 3ORE $on;ersion.

T%ere see& to #e a relati;e in$rease in t%e sales turno;er of PON AN7ER EPORT u to

200? an) a noti$ea#le fall )urin+ t%e year 200.

T%e ro)u$t ise sales turn o;er an) ;ariations are flu$tuatin+ year #y year.

3ro& t%e ast e6ort analysis for t%e $ountry nite) tates, t%e e6ort ;ariations are ositi;e it%

an in$rease of Rs..5 $rores fro& t%e year 200?.

3ro& t%e ast e6ort analysis for t%e $ountry Euroe, t%e e6ort %as )rasti$ally re)u$e) fro& t%e

year 200? to 200 it% t%e ;ariation of Rs..1 $rores.

3ro& t%e ast e6ort analysis for t%e $ountry Cana)a, t%e e6orts re)u$e) year #y year e6$et for

t%e year 200? %i$% in$rease) it% t%e ;ariation of Rs.".55 $rores.

As an o;erall stu)y, e $an fin) t%at t%e fir& %as en:oye) &ore #enefits an) sou+%t &ore rofits

in t%e year 200?.

/ear 200 %as #een seen as less rofita#le t%an t%e year 200 an) 200?.

3ro& t%e future tren) analysis, t%e e6ort of t%e $o&any in$reases year #y year.

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%U##E%TIO!%

As only $ertain )o$u&ents are ut in use, t%e ot%er )o$u&ents %a;e no oer in t%e $o&any

%i$% ill #e suorti;e to re)u$e t%e e6ort ro$e)ures.

As &any of t%e )o$u&ents are art in t%e use of )o$u&entation an) ro$e)ures %i$% &ay )elay

an) ten) to loss t%e $usto&ers.

T%e $o&any %as to see) u t%e aer or-.

)ate of a;aila#le e6ort in$enti;es.

T%e $o&any s%oul) $%e$- t%e e6$%an+e rates #efore enterin+ into arti$ular &ar-ets %i$% ill

%el in a$%ie;in+ &ore rofits.

T%e $o&any $an i&ro;e its sales #y i&ro;in+ its >uality an) ro&otional a$ti;ities.

T%e $o&any %as to i&ro;e t%eir infrastru$ture fa$ilities %i$% ill in$rease t%e e6orts.

If all t%e ro$essin+ units are #rou+%t un)er one roof, it ill re)u$e t%e ro$essin+ ti&e of +oo)s

an) it ill lea) to ti&ely )eli;ery of +oo)s to t%e $usto&ers.

Try for IO $ertifi$ations, %i$% ill ;alue t%e $o&any %i+%er.

Re>uire &ore -nole)+e on t%e in$enti;es offere) #y t%e 7o;ern&ent.

Can ot for Mar-et 'e;elo&ent Assistan$e fro& t%e 7o;ern&ent of In)ia, for E6%i#ition an)

talls o;erseas.

73| P a g e


74/76


CO!CLU%IO!

T%e stu)y as $on)u$te) to -no t%e ro$ess in;ol;e) in an aarel fir& an) to stu)y a#out t%e

;arious )eart&ental fun$tions %i$% $oor)inates to $o&lete t%e e6ort $y$le. T%e e6ort ro$e)ure of

t%e fir& %as #een seen $learly an) ot%er relate) ase$t %as #een -non.

3ro& t%e analysis it is foun) t%at t%e erfor&an$e of t%e $o&any is satisfa$tory, #ut t%e

$o&any is fa$in+ ro#le& re+ar)in+ e6$ess of )o$u&ents %i$% $auses )elay in transortation.

T%erefore ne$essary stes s%oul) #e ta-en to li&it t%e nuer of )o$u&ents so t%at t%e $o&any $an

&a-e )istri#ution at ri+%t for t%e $o&any an) it %els t%e $o&any to %a;e $o&etiti;e a);anta+e o;er

its $o&etitors.

T%ere are si+ns of +oo) future for PON AN7ER EPORT, AINAHI #e$ause of +roin+

)e&an) for In)ian -nitear in t%e orl) &ar-et.

74| P a g e


75/76


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1. ala7o3al T9A9%, GE6ort Mana+e&ent, Hi&alaya Pu#lis%in+ House, nineteent% e)ition 200

2. Jee2anandam9C9, G3orei+n E6$%an+e! ra$ti$e, $on$ets an) $ontrol, ultan C%an) an) ons,

tent% e)ition 200

. :ot5ari C9R9, GResear$% Met%o)olo+y, Met%o) ( te$%ni>ues, Ne A+e International. P;t. Lt),

e$on) E)ition, 1?"

. a5aan 9I9, A +ui)e on e6ort oli$y, ro$e)ure an) )o$u&entation, Tata M$7ra %ill

u#lis%in+ $o&any lt), T%ir) E)ition 200"

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http://findarticles.com/p/search/?qa=Thomas%20A.%20Cookhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/Export-Import-Procedures-and-Documentation/Thomas-E-%20%20%0D%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Johnsonhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/Export-Import-Procedures-and-Documentation/Thomas-E-%20%20%0D%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Johnsonhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/Export-Import-Procedures-and-Documentation/Thomas-E-%20%20%0D%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Johnsonhttp://www.allbusiness.com/business-planning-structures/starting-http://www.allbusiness.com/trade-development/trade-development-finance/8890466-1.htmlhttp://www.dynamicbusiness.com/articles/articles-author/corinne-campbell/http://www.dynamicbusiness.com/articles/articles-author/corinne-campbell/http://www.dynamicbusiness.com/articles/articles-author/corinne-campbell/http://www.dynamicbusiness.com/articles/articles-export/true-cost-of-export-http://www.allbusiness.com/legal/international-law-foreign-investment-%20finance/918569-1.htmlhttp://www.allbusiness.com/legal/international-law-foreign-investment-%20finance/918569-1.htmlhttp://www.allbusiness.com/legal/international-law-foreign-investment-%20finance/918569-1.htmlhttp://www.cmai.in/download/circulars/Pre_Budget_Memorandum.pdfhttp://dgftcom.nic.in/exim/2000/policy/ftp-plcontent0910.pdfhttp://findarticles.com/p/search/?qa=Thomas%20A.%20Cookhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/Export-Import-Procedures-and-Documentation/Thomas-E-%20%20%0D%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Johnsonhttp://search.barnesandnoble.com/Export-Import-Procedures-and-Documentation/Thomas-E-%20%20%0D%20%20%20%20%20%20%20Johnsonhttp://www.allbusiness.com/business-planning-structures/starting-http://www.allbusiness.com/trade-development/trade-development-finance/8890466-1.htmlhttp://www.dynamicbusiness.com/articles/articles-author/corinne-campbell/http://www.dynamicbusiness.com/articles/articles-export/true-cost-of-export-http://www.allbusiness.com/legal/international-law-foreign-investment-%20finance/918569-1.htmlhttp://www.allbusiness.com/legal/international-law-foreign-investment-%20finance/918569-1.htmlhttp://www.cmai.in/download/circulars/Pre_Budget_Memorandum.pdfhttp://dgftcom.nic.in/exim/2000/policy/ftp-plcontent0910.pdf

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