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CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

India has an approximate road network of over 4,000,000 kilometers. These roads are

a mix of modern highways and narrow, unpaved roads, and are undergoing drastic

improvement. Now a days, India has change with major efforts to modernie the

country!s road infrastructure. "oad transport is vital to India!s economy. It ena#les the

country!s transportation sector contri#ute more than 4 percent of India$s gross

domestic product, in comparison to railways that contri#uted nearly % percent. "oad

transport has not gained in importance over the years despite significant #arriers and

inefficiencies in inter&state freight and passenger movement compared to railways and

air. The government of India considers road network as critical to the country!s

development, social integration and security needs of the country. 'itumen and

concrete are used in road construction as the two major types of materials in the

country. It is most essential to develop profita#le construction materials from wastes .

(ajor initiatives are taken #y developing countries like India in developing theinfrastructure such as express highways, power projects, industrial structures, ports

and har#ors to meet the re)uirements of glo#aliation in construction of roads and

other structures. *oncrete plays a major role in the construction of rigid pavements.

"iver sand, which is one of the constituents used in the production of conventional

concrete, has #ecome very expensive and also #ecoming scarce due to depletion of

river #ed. +ence we are forced to think of alternative materials .The cost of concrete

can in pavements to #e reduced #y reducing cost of constituent materials. *ost

reduction can also #e achieved #y using locally availa#le alternative material, instead

of conventional materials.

In the recent past good attempts have #een made for the successful utiliation

of various industrial #y products such as fly ash, silica fume, rice husk ash, foundry

waste, slag, limestone powder- in concrete and save the environmental sustaina#ility

#y proper disposal of waste materials in addition to this, an alternative source for the

potential replacement of natural aggregates in concrete has gained good attention. s a

result reasona#le studies have #een conducted to find the suita#ility of )uartite rock

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dust in conventional concrete to overcome the stress and demand for river fine

aggregate in construction of roads and other works.

In India attempts have #een made to replace river sand with )uartite rock

dust. The successful utiliation of )uartite rock dust as fine aggregate would turn this

waste material that causes disposal pro#lem into a valua#le resource. The utiliation

will also reduce the strain on supply of natural fine aggregate, which will also reduce

the cost of concrete and increase the mechanical characteristics of hardened concrete.

(ore recently micro fi#ers, such as those used in traditional composite

materials have #een introduced into the concrete mixture to increase its toughness, or

a#ility to resist crack growth. /"* is ortland cement concrete reinforced with more

or less randomly distri#uted fi#ers. In /"*, thousands of small fi#ers are dispersed

and distri#uted randomly in the concrete during mixing, and thus improve concrete

properties in all directions. /"* has more advantages in pavements like economy,

long life, less maintenance, good riding )uality, load #earing capacity and

impermea#le to water.

1.1 Objectives:

To find out the optimum dosage of )uartite rock dust which is an alternative

material for sand in construction of rigid pavements.

To evaluate the thickness of pavement constructed with conventional concrete

and )uartite dust concrete without and with fi#ers.

To investigate the effect of partial replacement of cement #y )uartite rock dust

concrete without and with glass fi#ers on sla# thickness.

To perform cost analysis for the rigid pavement constructed with conventional

concrete and )uartite dust concrete without and with fi#ers.

1.2 Organizatin ! t"e re#rt:The project report is organied in the following chapters

C"a#ter 2discuss a#out literature of different works carried out #y various authors on

the #ehavior of fi#ers and different waste dust- materials used in the concrete are

presented. C"a#ter $ discuss a#out the methodology of project and material

characteriation. C"a#ter %discuss a#out the mix design and material proportions

which is used for preparation of samples and the experimental setup which is carried

out for testing of different samples used in the work. C"a#ter & discussion is

presented over the results o#tained highlighting the influence )uartite rock dust

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replacing sand and effect of fi#ers on mechanical properties of concrete. 1esign of

sla# thickness for higher flexural strengths o#tained from results.

C"a#ter 'descri#es a#out trial mix tests and #rief discussion over test results of

replacement of cement with and without glass fi#ers. 2la# thickness was designed for

#etter strengths o#tained from results and also cost of materials estimated for sla#

thickness. C"a#ter (discuss a#out the summary of work and conclusions drawn from

present study as well as scope of future improvement for further study.

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CHAPTER-2

)ITERATURE RE*IE+

This chapter discusses the literature #ack ground for the report and it comprises of the

topics, related to usage of different materials, fi#ers and their #ehavior in the

conventional concrete which is used in pavements.

2.1E!!ect ! ,sing aterias n t"e strengt" #r#erties ! cncrete an/

rigi/ #aveents

*en0ata aira ,ar N3 Pan/,rangara ris"na ai 4 ) N et a 516 have

made investigations on partial replacement of cement with )uarry dust for studying

mechanical properties of concrete. The percentages of )uarry dust partial replacement

of cement in concrete are 0, %03, %3, 503, 53, 603, 63, and 403 for (50,

(60 and (40 grade concrete. /rom the experimental studies 53 of partial

replacement of cement with )uarry dust improved hardened concrete properties.

*i#, D Praja#ati Nia7 8s"i9 8a7es"0,ar Pitr/a et a 526 were studied the

innovative use of used foundry sand in concrete formulations as a fine aggregate. The

fine aggregate has #een replaced #y used foundry sand in the range of 03, %03, 603

7 03 #y weight for(&50 grade concrete. (aximum strengths attained at 03

replacement of foundry sand. +ence thickness of pavement is effectively reduced

when compared to conventional concrete.

3aa,r,gan P Per,aet a 5$6have done experimental study on variation in the

strength of concrete when replacing sand #y )uarry dust from 03 to %003 in steps of

%03. (50 and (5 grades of concrete. /rom test results it was found that the

maximum compressive strength is o#tained only at 03 replacement. This result

gives a clear picture that )uarry dust can #e utilied in concrete mixtures as a good

su#stitute for natural river sand giving higher strength at 03 replacement.

3 * iran0,ar P Pra0as" et a 5%6 have made experimental studies on waste

plastic, which is used in concrete for improving mechanical properties. In this work

waste plastic was added in percentage of 53, 43 and 83 in order to replace the same

amount of sand and cement. Tests on concrete revealed that optimum modifier content

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was 3.and it was found to #e 5times greater than plain concrete. This reduces the

overall thickness of pavement when it is used in rigid pavement construction.

Eectric;aa

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polypropylene fi#ers 0.0683 were to form a hy#rid fi#er reinforced concrete. The

results show that hy#rid fi#ers improve the compressive strength marginally as

compared to mono fi#ers. ?hereas, hy#ridiation improves split tensile strength and

flexural strength noticea#ly

Ra0es" ,ar Pan0aj e Ren, 4at",r et a 5116 investigations are done to

overcome shrinkage cracking of plain concrete, sometimes the addition of synthetic

fi#er to the concrete mix is suggested. *oncrete mixes with fi#er dosages 0.03,

0.%03 and 0.%3 #y volume prepared. The study suggested a significant reduction in

settlement and drying shrinkage without significant change in compressive strength

for the concrete mixes reinforced with fi#er. /urther, an improved a#rasion resistance

for the concrete mixes reinforced with fi#er was also o#served.

vas"i 0ris"na1 8 *en0ates;ara Ra et a 5126 have #een studied the influence

of glass fi#ers on the mechanical properties of the (50 grade concrete. =lass fi#ers of

0.%3, 0.53, and 0.63 #y weight of cement are added to the mix. It is found that 0.53

fi#ers #y weight of cement is the optimum dosage. @sing the flexural strength values

at 0.53 fi#er content, pavement thickness is evaluated as per I"* &

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In the current investigation sand and cement is replaced #y )uartite rock dust

up to;03 and 403 respectively with 0.53 glass fi#ers #y weight of cement were also

included. Thickness of pavement is evaluated with parameters #y I"*&

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CHAPTER-$

4ATERIA) AND 4ETHODO)O

$.1 4ateria #eci!icatins

Brdinary portland cement, sand, aggregates sie of 50mm and %0mm down- and

)uartite rock dust were taken from locally availa#le sources. lkali resistant and fire

resistant glass fi#ers of cem&fill #rand imported from +ydera#ad maruthi enterprises.

Ceent

=rade of cement C

2pecific gravity of cement C

B*&46

6.%5

an/

2pecific gravity of sand C 5.;%

Done of sand C I2 conforming IE

Aggregates:

2pecific gravity of cement C

?ater a#sorption Cggregate impact value C

ggregate crushing value C

/lakiness index C

Flongation index C

5.;