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www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Fermín Vázquez
b720 ARCHITECTS
Curriculum Vitae of the Director Architect
FERMÍN VÁZQUEZ HUARTE-MENDICOA
Born in Madrid, 1961
Partner-director b720 Arquitectos
Architect. ETSAM (Higher Technical School of Architecture) Madrid
Fermín Vázquez founded b720 Arquitectos in 1997 and is currently partner and director. Since then he has carried out projects in the main cities of Spain in the fields of both architecture and town planning. He combines professional practice with teaching and has taught at the Higher Technical School of Architecture in Barcelona and at the School of Architecture and Landscape in Bordeaux. At the present time he teaches at the Universidad Europea (European University) in Madrid. He has also given lectures and workshops for institutions and universities around the world and contributes articles for specialised publications.
MAIN PRIZES AND MENTIONS
2009
•Winning project in the competitions: “New Regional Hospital in Cerdanyola“ (Catalonia), “New School in Puigcerdà “ (Catalonia) •Finalist in the competition: “Architectural proposals for housing in Advanced Barrio Santa Maria in Benquerencia” (Toledo) • International Award Architecture in Stone for the refurbishment of Plaza del Torico in Teruel 2008
•Winning project in the competitions: “Torres Caixa Galicia” (A Coruña), “New Encants Market” (Barcelona), “Torre de Oficinas Galia” (Sevilla) •FAD Prize finalist for the refurbishment of the Plaza del Torico in Teruel and the “Veles e Vents” building in Valencia
2007
•Winning project in the competition” Lleida-Alguaire Airport” •Stirling Prize finalist (United Kingdom) for the “Veles e Vents” building in Valencia •FAD Prize finalist for the Indra building in Barcelona •2006 RIBA Prize for the “Veles e Vents” building in Valencia •Finalist in the 2007 Mies van der Rohe Architecture prize for the “Veles e Vents” (Valencia) •Finalist in the IX Bienal Española de Arquitectura for the “Torre Agbar” and “Veles e Vents” 2006
•Winning project in the competition “Gran Casino Costa Brava” in Lloret de Mar •FAD Prize finalist and winner of the ArqinFad Members’ Opinion Prize for the “Torre Agbar” •2006 Leaf Awards Prize for the “Veles e Vents” building •Highrise Award from the Deutches Architektur Museum (DAM) for the Torre Agbar 2005
•“Highly Commended Offices” Prize awarded to “Torre Agbar” by Mipim and Architectural Review •Winning projects in the international competitions “Plaza del Torico” (Teruel) and “America’s Cup building” (in UTE with David Chipperfield Architects) (Valencia) 2004
•“Best of Europe - Colour” Prize for “Torre Agbar” from Kölnmesse Ausstellungen, AIT and IntelligenteArchitektur •“2004 World Heritage Cities” Prize awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Culture to Teruel for the project “the refurbishment of the Paseo del Óvalo”. •European Prize for Urban Public Space for the refurbishment of the Paseo del Óvalo (Teruel) •FAD “Exterior Spaces” Prize finalist for the refurbishment of the Paseo del Óvalo (Teruel) 2001
•Winning projects in the international competitions for “the refurbishment of the Paseo del Óvalo (Teruel) and “the City of Justice” (Barcelona and l’Hospitalet de Llobregat) (both in UTE with David Chipperfield Architects) 2000•Winning project (in UTE with Atelier Jean Nouvel) in the competition “Poblenou Park”, Barcelona
MAIN PUBLISHED ARTICLES
2008
•“Metrópolis y vocación universal”, article about the raison d’être of the Ciudad Judicial – El Periódico. Special feature on the occasion of the centenary of the Palace of Justice •“Collaborations with Foreign Masters”, Spanish Architecture (1997-2007). Architour. China 2007
•Prologue to the book b720 MN19, published by Lumaca Kess •“Modelos de talla. Los últimos rascacielos de la Castellana” – Arquitectura Viva, no. 107-108 2006
•“Torre Agbar a Barcelona” – INDE 2005
•“Arquitectura en altura” - Comunicación Empresarial, Architecture and Engineering Supplement 2004
•“Una Ciudad de la Justicia, reto y realidad” - Staff Empresarial 2003
•“E-topía, trabajar desde el sofá” - AV Monografías, no. 103 •“Un mix de simpleza y sofisticación” - Clarín, Diario de Arquitectura (Argentina) 2002
•“El pavimento en el proyecto”, Architects’ opinion section – Constructiva Pavimentos •Chaper about “Torre Agbar” – Skyscraper book from Ariadna Àlvarez Garreta (Ed. Atrium) 2001
•“Tinc més Mètode que Estil”, Inde; Josep Bohigas & Fermín Vázquez interview David Chipperfield •“Pisos entre medianeras, Barcelona España” –AV Monografías, no. 86 2000
•“Pabellón Ecología del Museo de Ciencias Ian Ritchie. Londres” - Diseño Interior
MAIN PUBLICATIONS
2008
•Diseño Interior magazine no. 192: “Torrentes de Luz en Teruel”. Spain •Architectural Record magazine: “The redesign of the Plaza del Torico is light on its feet”. USA •Mark Magazine: “New layout for Plaza del Torico is evocative of a current chart”. Netherlands •Domus magazine no. 918: article on the Plaza del Torico. Italy •a+u magazine: “Refurbishment of Plaza del Torico”. Japan •On Diseño magazine: “Remodelación de la Plaza del Torico en Teruel”. Spain •The book, Atlas of Office Interiors. Pub. Loft. Spain 2007
•The book, In Full Colour. Recent Buildings and Interiors. Pub. Braun. Germany •Diseño Interior magazine: “Edificio Veles e Vents. David Chipperfield & b720”. Spain •On Diseño magazine: “Edificio corporativo en el 22@”. Madrid, Spain •On Diseño magazine: “La America’s Cup en Valencia 2007”. Spain •Domus, no. 904: “Dove soffia il vento“. Italy •Via Construcción: “b720 y Fermín Vázquez, elasticidad objetiva”. Spain •Expansión newspaper, “Arquitectura honesta”, interview with Fermín Vázquez. Spain 2006
•Architectural Review magazine: “Layer Cake”. England •Article in The Guardian newspaper: “America’s Cup building. Yacht parking”. England •Of Arch magazine: “Valencia verso l’America’s Cup”. Italy 2005
•AMC Interieurs magazine: “Tour Agbar, Barcelone”. France •AV Monografías magazine no. 111-112: “Torre Agbar, Barcelona”. Spain •The Plan magazine: “Torre Agbar- Barcelona”. Italy 2004
•El País newspaper, Interview with Fermín Vázquez. by Anatxu Zabalbeascoa. Spain •AV Monografías magazine: “Remodelación del Paseo del Óvalo, Teruel”. Spain 2003
•AV Monografías magazine: “La torre Agbar, masculino singular”. Spain •Metalocus:“Fermín Vázquez. B720 Arquitectos. Rehabilitación edificio de oficinas”. Spain •El Croquis magazine no. 112-113: “Torre Agbar en Barcelona”. Spain 2001
•Arquitectura Viva magazine: “Próxima estación, Teruel”, Luis Fernández –Galiano. Spain
MAIN EXHIBITIONS
2008
•Exhibition FAD Awards 2008 •Exhibition for the Competition for the New Chamber of Commerce in Barcelona 2007
•International travelling exhibition Mies van der Rohe Awards •IX Bienal Española de Arquitectura y Urbanismo 2006
•On Site: New Architecture in Spain, MoMa (New York + travelling exhibition) •Festivalle dell’Architettura di rara bellezza (Parma, Italia) •Exhibition In Vitro: “Arquitectura contemporánea en ciudades históricas”, Sevilla
b720 ARCHITECTS
Philosophy and works
b720 Arquitectos was created in 1997 and has offices in Barcelona and Madrid. Founded by Fermín Vázquez, Ana Bassat and Adriana Plasencia, the firm works nationally and internationally in the fields of architecture, urban design, interior design and industrial design in both, the public and private sectors. b720 Arquitectos is a multicultural and multilingual firm that employs more than 60 professionals of up to 10 different nationalities, providing it with an open and enriched vision of reality.
b720 Arquitectos is, above all, a team. One of the key ideas behind its approach to work is moving away from a predetermined style. Thus, each of its works is the result of a new search and conception of a project - a unique building intimately connected to its context, its function and the client’s needs. The work of b720 Arquitectos bases itself on solid design and excellent control over budget and deadlines. Each and every project is carefully created by the team members – project managers, partners and associates – and is, in itself, an assurance of quality. The firm is also involved in the entire process from start to finish, from the initial concept phase, through the project, to the building.
Our fields of expertise are related with infrastructure constructions and urban planning. b720 is specialized in public use buildings: administrative, health, educational, cultural, tourist and sports infrastructure projects. Our firm highlights among its recently completed projects: the City of Justice of Barcelona, the building and urban planning of the America’s Cup (Valencia), the refurbishment of Plaza del Torico and Remodelling of “Escalinata”, “Paseo del Óvalo” and surroundings in Teruel, La Mola hotel and conference centre in Terrassa (Barcelona).
Among its current projects are distinguished: Lleida’s airport, a promotion of social dwelling in Mieres (Asturias), the construction of a Casino (Lloret de Mar, Girona), the remodelling of the College of Quantity Surveyors and Architects of Alicante. In 2008, b720 Arquitectos won the competition for the construction of the new Encants Market in Barcelona, a tower of offices in Sevilla and the new World Trade Center of Igualada (Barcelona).
Among its recently winning project are the Ernest Lluch Hospital in Barcelona, Porto Alegre Urban Planning in Brazil and a Public School in Gerona.
During the first years of its existence, b720 Arquitectos collaborated with colleagues of great international prestige for its projects in Spain. All these projects carried out, right from the start, in collaboration, as real partners. Outstanding amongst them are projects undertaken with David Chipperfield, Toyo Ito and Jean Nouvel. With David Chipperfield, b720 Arquitectos is currently working on the City of Justice of Barcelona and L’Hospitalet. The studio is also collaborating with Toyo Ito on the Fira Towers project in Barcelona’s new fairground. Together with Jean Nouvel, b720 worked on the Agbar Tower, the remodelling and extension of the National Museum “Centro de Arte Reina Sofía” in Madrid and the Poblenou Park in Barcelona.
Throughout its career, b720’s projects have received numerous awards. In 2007, the America’s Cup building won the European Riba Award and was finalist of Mies Van der Rohe Prize, IX Bienal Española de Arquitectura y Urbanismo and the Stirling Prize. Regarding FAD awards, in 2007, Indra building was finalist and also did the refurbishment of Plaza del Torico and Veles e Vents building for America’s Cup in 2008. In 2004, the project Paseo del Óvalo won the prize “Ciudades Patrimonio de la
Humanidad” awarded by the Ministry of Culture of Spain, and the European Prize of Urban Public Space.
Some of the main projects of b720 Arquitectos are shown next:
Agbar TowerIn collaboration with Atelier Jean NouvelStage: builtConstruction period: 2002-2004 Location: BarcelonaSurface area: 50,906 m2Client: Layetana Inmobiliaria
City of Justice of Barcelona and L’Hospitalet In collaboration with David Chipperfield ArchitectsRestricted Competition -Winning ProjectStage: buildingConstruction period: 2003- 2009 Location: BarcelonaSurface area: 232,369 m2Client: GISA
Lleida-Alguaire AirportTerminal, Control Tower and adjacent buildings In collaboration with Aertec. Curriculum competition - Winning project Stage: building Construction period: 2008-2009 Location: LleidaSurface area: 16,012 m2Client: GISA
Encants MarketCall for Ideas – First Prize. 2008 Stage: executive project Location: BarcelonaSurface area: 32,466 m2Client: BIMSA
b720 ARCHITECTS
La Mola Hotel and Conference Centre Stage: builtConstruction period: 2004-2008 Location: Terrassa (BCN)Surface area: 14.971 m2 + 20,000 m2 estateClient: Layetana Inmobiliaria
Torres Fira: Offices (23 storeys) + Hotel (24 storeys)In collaboration with Toyo Ito & Associates ArchitectsStage: buildingConstruction period: 2006-2009 Location: Barcelona Surface area: 80,107 m2 Client: Torres Porta Fira
“Veles e Vents” Building, for the America Cup 2007In collaboration with David Chipperfield ArchitectsCompetition – First PrizeStage: builtConstruction period: 2005-2006 Location: ValenciaSurface: 85,500 m2Client: Consorcio Valencia 2007
Gran Casino Costa BravaRestricted competition – First Prize. 2006Stage: buildingConstruction period: 2008-2009Location: Lloret de Mar, Girona Surface area: 18,500 m2 Client: Gran Casino Costa Brava
b720 ARCHITECTS
Refurbishment of offices at Mestre Nicolau 19Stage: builtConstruction period: 2002Location: BarcelonaSurface area: 4,352 m2Client: Lucky Town
Refurbishment of Plaza del Torico Call for ideas – First PrizeStage: builtConstruction period: 2006-2008Location: TeruelSurface area: 3,500 m2Client: Diputación General Aragón (Aragon Regional Government)
Office building - Diagonal 197 In collaboration with David Chipperfield ArchitectsStage: builtConstruction period: 2006-2008 Location: BarcelonaSurface: 25,773 m2Client: Layetana Inmobiliaria
Refurbishment of La Escalinata, Paseo del Óvalo and surroundingsIn collaboration with David Chipperfield ArchitectsRestricted competition – 1st PrizeStage: builtConstruction period: 2001-2003 Location: TeruelSurface area: 10,048 m2Client: Diputación General Aragón (Aragon Regional Government)
b720 ARCHITECTS
b720 ARCHITECTS
Team
There are more than 60 professionals on b720 Arquitectos. Together with the three founding partners, four associates are responsible for organising the various project teams. The architectural teams’ work is backed up by the technology director, and departments covering industrial design, interior design, graphic design, rendering, model making, communication and computing. The administrative structure includes an administrator, a financial director and a business development director.
At b720 all of the commissions are the object of painstaking planning which takes place at the weekly meetings of the Projects Committee, which is made up of the Director Architect, the Associate Architects and the Directors of Development, Human Resources and Administration.
In the first place, the Project is assigned, according to its geographic location, to the office in Barcelona or Madrid. Then, according to the dates of development of the stages, the team with the best capacity and availability to carry out the commission is assigned and always managed directly by Fermín Vázquez.
The Barcelona office has three teams and the office in Madrid has one, all led by an Associate Architect and with identical structures of personnel. In addition, b720 has implemented Human Resources policies (hiring, training and evaluation,) that guarantee that all of the architects that make up their staff meet the same requirements of experience in projects writing and project management, knowledge of programs and software, experience in management, working in teams, etc. Also, the practice at b720 is that all projects are carried out by the same team, from the earliest application phases of architectural conception to their complete construction, means that all teams have experience in the development of all phases of the project.
We also have an internal team of Interior Architects with proven experience in interior design of varied kinds.
At the moment the information provided does not allow us to define with exactitude the people who will be assigned to the project in the case that b720 is awarded the commission, as that will depend on the actual planning of the project and of each one of the teams.
Nevertheless what we can detail at this time is our commitment that, in the case of being awarded the Project, it will be provided with all of the necessary resources and local collaborators, whatever theactual dates and geographic region where the work will be done, that are the following:
a.- Organization chart of b720, which reflects the aforementioned structure as well as all of the support personnel that the team assigned to the Project will have at their disposal.
b.- Curriculum Vitae of Fermín Vázquez Huarte-Mendicoa, Director Architect with more than twenty years of professional practice. He’ll be the Author of the Project and will act as head of the team.
The TeamASSOCIATE DIRECTORFermín Vázquez
ASSOCIATE ARCHITECTSAna BassatAdriana Plasencia
COLLABORATORSBussiness DeveloperPaco Chocano
Associate ArchitectsCristina AlgásFrancesc de FuentesAgustín MirandaPeco Mulet
Consultant ArchitectsPablo Garrido
Team Leaders / Project ArchitectsPedro BaltarAna CaffaroSonia CruzLaia IsernSebastián KhourianCarles Martínez-AlmoynaAndreas MoserGemma OjeaJuan Pablo PortaGuillermo WeiskalMónica Xampeny
ArchitectsZelia AlvesIvan ArellanoAnaïs Blanc Brian CoffmanJordi CunillCarolina FerrerCarlos Fragoso Albert Freixes Nuno GabrielSara García-BujánGustavo GaudeosoNatascha GergoffMiriam GonzálezEike GrossmanGuillermo GutiérrezJaime Luaces
Francisco MarquesLaura MarticorenaJoao MiguelLeonardo Novelo Jorge OrondoEgbert OosterhoffNicolás Perfumo Javier PiedraHelia PiresElies PortaPaloma QuiralteAndrea RodríguezPablo RoveránTosca SalinasMarta SorribesStefan TepperMirko UsaiDaniel ValdésAna Vicente-Arche
Interior DesignersGaëlle LauxerroisDavid PabloSandra Palou
COMMUNICATIONSNoèlia MeijideLorena Tella
GRAPHIC & AUDIO-VISUAL DESIGNCarolina Pérez
INFOGRAPHYOriol Roig
MODELSÁngel Gaspar
ADMINISTRATIONSusana SorsToni BrunetCristina CabanellasDàmaris MartíLaura PulidoCristina Seseras
COMPUTING +ITJordi GonzálezAlejandro Ramos
Projects
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
City of Justice of Barcelona and L’Hospitalet de Llobregat
judi
cial
In association with: David Chipperfield ArchitectsLocation: Gran Vía de les Corts Catalanes, Barcelona (Spain)Client: GISAProject: 2001-2006Execution: 2004-2009Gross Floor Area: 241.519,92 m²Budget: 220.000.000 eurosGeneral contractor: U.T.E. Ciudad de la Justicia (Fomento, Ferrovial, Ohl, Comapa y Emte)Structures engineering: R. Brufau i Associats / Obiol, Moya & AsociadosServices engineering: JG & AsociadosConcrete consultant: Architectural Concrete
International Restricted Ideas Competition - First Prize
The project centralises most of the justice departments of Barcelona and L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, which are currently scattered in 17 buildings causing a number of functional problems in both the users and their employees.
The most significant proposal of the project is to fragment an ambitious program - a total area of 241,519.92 m2 built - in a series of separate but interconnected buildings that are available on a space with intentions of public square. The proposal seeks to balance the relations between different work areas, public spaces and landscape. Four of the buildings are clustered in the atrium for courts; the other five buildings, to a certain extent autonomous, are assigned to auxiliary and complementary uses of judicial activity. The buildings are grid blocks, with bearing walls of reinforced and coloured concrete, each with a different colour. The atrium is the main public space of the complex and acts as a street filter for distribution and access to court premises.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Veles e Vents - VIP Building for the America’s Cup 2007, park and car parking
urba
nism
In association with: David Chipperfield ArchitectsLocation: East Part of the dock of the Valencia’s harbour s/n. Valencia (Spain)Client: Consorcio Valencia 2007. UTE Foredeck (Necso, Rover Alcisa, LIC)Project: 2005Execution: 2005-2006Gross Floor Area: 85.500 m² (10.500 m² building + 20.000 m² car parking + 55.500 m² park) Budget: 30.333.103 General contractor: UTE Foredeck (Necso, Rover Alcisa, LIC)Structural engineering: BOMAServices engineering: GRUPOTECLighting consultant: Artec3 LightingLandscape consultant: Paisatge I Arquitectura
International Restricted Competition - First Prize
The Foredeck building and the adjacent park represent the central piece of Valencia’s industrial port renewal, and the epicentre for the most important sail regatta in the world: the America’s Cup, in 2007. The project consists of a strategically situated viewing point at the end of the East pier.
The general concept originates from the importance of the horizon. Structurally the building is composed of four platforms with different heights and slightly displaced, creating shade and uninterrupted views. The façades dematerialize into great glazed surfaces. Thanks to the lack of columns and the use of cantilevers, these platforms seem to float in space, although in reality they rest on four structural supports, two of which are vertical and the other two slightly leaning.
Adjacent to the building is an above ground parking structure, which extends as a continuous tongue along the canal. Its roof allows a privileged view along the pier, and can be used as a multipurpose space. The pedestrian access to the area, in the form of a terraced seafront, follows the curved trace of the new canal.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Corporate’s Headquarter Agbar Towerof
fices
In association with: Ateliers Jean NouvelLocation: Avda. Diagonal, 209-211. Barcelona (Spain)Client: : Layetana Inmuebles, S.L. Grupo AGBARProject: 1999-2002Execution: 2002-2005Gross Floor Area: 50.906 m²Budget: 87.000.000 General contractor: DragadosStructural engineering: BOMAServices engineering: GeproFaçade consultant: Xavier Ferrés (Biosca&Botey)Colour study consultant: Alain BonyOrnamental lighting consultant: Yann KersaléAcoustics consultant: Higini Arau
The Agbar Tower is a “small skyscraper” of 35 floors and 142 meters. Its shape emulates a water-jet under constant and stabilized pressure, an ideal image for the corporate headquarters of a water company.
The building responds to a model of core and outer perimeter carrier. These two cylinders of concrete with oval plan are supported in frames of metal beans bearing forged metal undulated sheet and a layer of concrete. The eccentricity of the core organizes the plant: the space is compressed in the lobby and is expanded generating space for offices. The outer cylinder is straight until the 18th floor plant and it bents until the 26th. A glass dome with a metal structure tops the building. The latest six floors are suspended in cantilever.
The skin is pixelated as a plot of module almost square. On this grid the windows are placed, forming a “calligraphy”. Following this framework, modules of lacquered aluminium sheet of 25 colours are placed and a second skin of glass louvres with different grades of transparency blurs the tower.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Extension of the National Museum “Centro de Arte Reina Sofía”
cultu
ral
In association with: Ateliers Jean Nouvel, Alberto MédemLocation: Ronda de Atocha, S/N. Madrid (Spain).Client: Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina SofíaProject: 2000-2001Execution: 2001-2005Gross Floor Area: 27.000 m²Budget: 81.386.578 General contractor: UTE DACARS (Dragados, ACS)Estructural engineering: EsteycoServices engineering: Grupo JG
International competition - First Prize
This project strives for the creation of a public plaza which emerges from the organization of the new building wings (temporary exhibitions, auditorium, and library) and the southeast façade of the existing museum. Additionally, the project responds to a strategy of clear division of spaces and functions which are unified under a grand roof plane which gathers the various buildings together around the plaza.
The urban space is realized by a pattern of “in-between” spaces that invite pedestrians to explore the sidewalks and streets which spill into the plaza. This interstitial plaza produces a dialogue between the existing and new buildings: the massive, rectangular Sabatini; and the light, dematerialized new wings. Here, the prismatic glass volumes, with their varying roof profiles, abstract the boundaries of the plaza. However, the floating roof plane above counteracts this ambiguity by boldly defining the limits of the museum area and its relation with the city.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Indra Corporate’s Headquarters of
fices
In association with: R&AS arquitectosLocation: C/ de Tànger 110-120 Sector 22@. BarcelonaClient: INDRA, Grupo Castellví, Gratán, S.L.Project: 2004Execution: 2004-2006Gross Floor Area: 10.376 m²General contractor: Guinovart&OshaBudget: 10.571.773 Structural engineering: BOMAServices engineering: PGI GrupQuantity surveyor: Tècnics G-3
The proposed form is a tall prism above a low horizontal base, whose compact three storey form aligns with Tanger street. The tower that rises above, rhombic in plan, loosely follows the chamfered shape of the parcel, in order to reinforce its slender appearance and fill the site volume. The ten storey tower is separated from the base by a mechanical level, set back from the façade plane, which enhances the floating effect, and gives an impression of lightness.
As an offices building for the technology company Indra, the floor plans are open, which gives flexibility to future changes in the interior layout. The outer skin of the façade is constructed of stainless steel mesh that provides perimeter solar protection (with a shading coefficient of 50%) for the interior and, at the same time, gives an impression of lightness and transparency to the building exterior. One quarter of the panels are stamped with the form of a 90cm diameter sphere, which evokes the logo of the company; this shape is produced either as an indented form or a protruding form.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
La Mola Hotel and Conference Centerho
tel
Location: Camí Masia de Can Bon Vilar, s/n. Terrassa. Barcelona (Spain)Client: Layetana Inmobiliaria (Layetana Terrassa Conference Centre, S.L.)Project: 2003-2006Execution: 2005-2008Gross Floor Area: 16.917 m² + 14.011 m² urbanizationBudget: 39.865.000 General contractor: Construccions Baldó S.A.Structural engineering: Base DosServices engineering: PGI GrupLandscape consultant: Bet FiguerasQuantity surveyor: Josep Gilabert
The project envisages the construction of a complex of spaces for conventions and other public uses. To integrate it into the environment and having a better implementation, the program has been divided into four buildings: three prismatic volumes arranged around a semi buried one which is the core of the complex.
The conventions’ building has three floors and there, it is located the auditorium, the multipurpose halls of different dimensions and the multiple meeting spaces. The south façade has been liberated. This façade have small balconies and a sun protection system: a large stained curtain in various shades of green that seeks to “camouflage” the volumes into the vegetation.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Lleida-Alguaire Airportin
frae
stru
ctur
e/tr
ansp
ort
Aeronautical Engineering: Aertec Ingeniería Location: Area 503 and 504, with intersections in the roads of Coscollar Coma Famosa, Almacelles and Malpartit. Alguaire. LleidaClient: Airports General Direction. Generalitat de Catalunya. GISAProject: 2007-2008Execution: 2008-2009Gross Floor Area: 4.942 m² Budget: 14.550.000 €General contractor: UTE Dragados - ObrumEstructural engineer: Aertec IngenieríaServices engineer: Aertec Ingeniería
Ideas Competition - First Prize
Alguaire airport is conceived as a unique work that expands the structure of the tower in order to integrate the terminal building and annexes. The tower and base will have a total area of 3.724m².
The airport is designed as a building of 41m in height and formed by two principle volumes: the tower, which functions as air control; and the base, which accommodates the administrative and technical program. Both are united by a curved form created by the horizontal roof of the lower portion, which turns into the vertical façade of the tower. This curved surface spreads outward so as to blend harmonically with the terminal and technical buildings.
The visual unity of the building is achieved by covering the façade with metal panels of different shades of green, ochre, and yellow that integrate it with the surrounding landscape. The roof will have planted areas along with strips of wood and metal panelling. This pattern emulates the agricultural character of the site.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Gran Casino Costa Bravare
crea
tiona
l
Location: Ctra. de Tossa s/n. Hotel Monterrey. 17310 Lloret de Mar. GironaClient: Gran Casino Costa Brava, S.L.Project: 2006-2008Execution: 2008-2010Gross Floor Area: 22.983 m² + 9.315 m² urbanizationBudget: 34.452.000 General contractor: ProinosaStructural engineering: BOMAServices engineering: Grupo JGLighting consultant: Artec3 LightingLandscape consultant: Arquitectura AgronomiaQuantity surveyor: Tècnics G-3
PPP Competition - First Prize
Practical and unique at the same time, the complex for the Gran Casino at Costa Brava emerges from the topography, integrating three well differentiated levels with the surrounding landscape. The first level is the access road, defined by a large canopy which acts as an illumination system and video screen. The floor, built in highly reflective dark wood, captures and reflects the animated colours of the screen. The second level, which contains the multipurpose room (for congresses, concerts, etc), is considered an external space, as it is not heated, and it is open to the outside by a sculptural lattice work façade. With a capacity of 1.000 people, this space stands out for its flexibility and acoustical quality.
The building capped by a green roof, which softens the visual impact of the architectonic complex and allows the collection of rain water for the irrigation of the new garden. It also provides protection for the hotel from possible noise pollution from the nearby road. A 420 space parking garage is situated below ground level.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Towers in Galiciaof
fices
/res
iden
tial
Location: Areas G-1 y G2, Sector S-7, Exhibition Site. A Coruña (Spain)Client: ConfidentialProject: 2007-2010Execution: 2010-2012Gross Floor Area: 78.991m²Budget: 92.565.938 Structural engineering: BOMAServices engineering: Grupo JG
Restricted Ideas Competition - First Prize
ES
TRA
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COMPOSICIÓN DE TRES PIEZASGÁLIBO
TRANSFORMACIÓN GEOMÉTRICAELEVACIÓN Y ADECUACIÓN DEL GÁLIBO
IDENTIDAD / SINGULARIDADANALOGÍA PÉTREA
PEO ESTRUCTURA
O /ENCE CENTER
ESO /E EXPOSICIONES
E OFICINAS
MIENTO
MIENTO
MIENTO
MIENTO
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
E OFICINAS
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ECNICA
SINGULAR POLIVALENTE/ EVENTOS /
REUNIONES
PACIO POLIVALENTETA BAJA
With an area of almost 36.000m², this complex will be formed by what appears as three towers of varying heights. The institutional headquarters tower, at 132 meters, is distinguished as the tallest building in Galicia. The residential tower is designed as a union of two smaller towers rising to 116 meters in height. As such, the residential tower differs to the headquarters as protagonist within the development.
The façades consist of a cladding system of stone at the base, which gradually diffuses to a more transparent glass façade above. The material granite has a strong tradition in Galician culture and the glazed surfaces above promote an image of innovation and technological progress.
The façade composition is based on the interior functional program. As such, the office tower is enclosed by horizontal bands of granite, steel, and glass, which result from the open office layout inside; the residential façade is articulated vertically to respond to the small scale division of interior spaces.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Regional Hospital Ernest Lluchhe
alth
In association with: Pm,Mt Arquitectura and BNiTª ArquitectosLocation: Ripollet, Montcada i Reixac, Badia del VallèsClient: Mancomunitat Intermunicipal de Cerdanyola – Ripollet – Montcada i Reixac and Ayuntamiento de Barberà del VallèsProject: 2009-2010Gross Floor Area: 39.706,60 m²Budget: 75.000.000 Structural engineering: Bis ArquitectesServices engineering: Grupo JG
Restricted Ideas Competition - First Prize
The new Ernest Lluch Hospital is conceived as a horizontal building, with a rectangular plan shape divided in five floors and basement. The building is composed a two-floors base with a sequence of patios, on top of which lay the hospitalization units with its geometry adapted to face the sun and the views to the mountain range (Sierra de Collserola). Natural lighting permeates the whole thanks to the presence of the four patios.
The areas dedicated to outpatient are located in the base, with north orientation, as an extension to the park of Can Massot. It is in this façade that the main access is located. The service and support areas are located in the basement, while the ground and first floor are dedicated to diagnosis and outpatient use. Finally, the proposal incorporates two specific areas anticipating future extensions: on one hand it includes an underground garage with exclusive use for the sanitary personnel, and on the other, at the east side of the parcel, there is the area reserved for future growth of outpatient and hospitalization uses.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
New Encants Marketco
mer
cial
Location: Plaza de las Glorias. BarcelonaClient: Barcelona d’Infraestructures Municipals (BIMSA), Ajuntament de BarcelonaProject: 2008-2009Execution: 2009-2011Gross Floor Area: 35.440 m²Budget: 52.659.814 Structural engineering: BOMAServices engineering: Grupo JG
International Ideas Competition - First Prize
The new market “Mercado dels Encants” in Barcelona acts as a mediation device between the renovated Plaza de las Glorias, and the axis of the Meridiana, an area popularly known as “el Bosquet de les Glòries”.
The proposal consists of a continuous platform (or commercial plaza) which folds and divides into several floors, creating a suitable surface for all the mercantile activities. The platform slopes to conciliate the different levels of the street. The market itself is conceived as a great covered exterior plaza, capable of installing activity to all the pieces of the program.
The roof plane is the main element of the project and the most recognisable piece at urban-scale. It gives shelter to the commercial activities and at the same time materializes as a mechanism to reflect the city into the interior of the market. Each structural module slopes differently to reflect light, the atmosphere and the surrounding scenery.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
World Trade Center Igualadaof
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/com
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cial
/hot
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Location: Avda. Cataluña, C/ de Italia, Zona Industrial y Pl.del Palau Firal. Igualada. Barcelona (Spain)Client: World Trade Center Igualada, S.A.Project: 2008-2009Execution: 2010-2012Gross Floor Area: 74.736 m² + 27.299 m² urb. Budget: 69.801.499 Structural engineering: BOMAServices engineering: Grupo JG
Restricted Ideas Competition - First Prize
The proposal responds to the social and economical requirements of the new Igualada, a city in process of rapid development. The complex is composed of four buildings and divided into four different uses (offices, commercial, hotel, and parking) which together generate a sculptural whole. The commercial space is placed on the ground level, and creates a consistent horizontal base. Between the commercial and office spaces above a “buffer” void is generated, whose varying width breaks the rigidity of the overall form.
The upper volumes of the new World Trade Center, in which the offices and hotel are located, are displaced in order to generate a covered gallery, which serves as a rain shelter and access to the stores. The structural scheme is based on a repetitive grid. The ends of the second and third buildings are cantilevered in order to mark an urban scale entrance to the city. This intervention will be unique and limited to the zones between parcels, where most traffic passes.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Remodeling of Porto Alegre’s waterfrontpu
blic
spa
ce
In association with: Jaime Lerner Arquitetos AssociadosLocation: Cais Mauà, Porto Alegre, Río Grande do Sul (Brasil)Client: Proactiva Asset ManagementProject: 2007Gross Floor Area: 140.000 m²
International PPP Competition - First Prize
- HOTEL- CENTRO DE CONVENCIONES- CENTRO COMERCIAL
1. ZONA COMERCIAL Y DE SERVICIOS 2. ZONA SOCIAL / CULTURAL
BUSINESS PARK
T.H.
ESTACIÓN F.F.
ÁREA PÚBLICA
3. ZONA RESTAURACIÓN
PÚBLICO OBJETIVO:-FLUJOS DEL CENTRO COMERCIAL-FLUJOS DE HOTEL Y DE CENTRO DE CONVENCIONES-FLUJOS EXTERNOS, RESTO DE LA CIUDAD
ÁREA PÚBLICA ÁREA PÚBLICA
PÚBLICO OBJETIVO:- TURISTAS- USUARIOS AUTÓNOMOS- CIUDADANIA EN GENERAL
PÚBLICO OBJETIVO:- FLUJOS DE OFICINAS BUSINESS PARK- FLUJOS ZONA SOCIAL- EXTERNOS: A TRAVES DEL SUBTERRANEO
The transformation of the Cais Mauá includes interventions in 2,5 km of coastal highway and 258.000m² of built area. Additionally, the transformation of the old fish market into a thematic recreational and commercial zone eliminates the existing barrier between the city and the waterfront. The large new buildings are situated at the ends of the site: two office towers at one end, and a hotel, exhibition hall, and commercial center at the other.
The rehabilitation of the Cais Mauá makes possible the introduction of large singular buildings which exist in harmony with the existing city, strengthening the image of a centralized urban area. Special efforts were made to connect the city center with the docks, thus mending the new torn urban fabric in the surrounding neighbourhood of la laguna Guaíba. Thus, the organic and fluid plazas of the docks are allowed to enter into the existing rigid city grid of La Guaíba. The open areas are reserved for pedestrian traffic, with careful landscaping treatment that includes protected green areas, building access routes, and parking zones.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Remodeling of “Paseo del Óvalo”,“Escalinata” and surroundings
publ
ic s
pace
In association with: David Chipperfield ArchitectsLocation: Plaza de la Estación, Paseo del Óvalo y la Glorieta, Teruel (Spain)Client: Diputación General de AragónProject: 2001Execution: 2001-2003Gross Floor Area: 10.000 m² Budget: 6.000.000 €General contractor: AccionaStructural engineering: BOMAServices engineering: Perfil 7, Gabinete Turolense de Ingeniería IndustrialRefurbishment of “Escalinata” consultant: José Mª Sanz, Antonio PérezLighting consultant: Artec 3 Lighting
International Ideas Competition - First Prize
The project develops a part of the winning proposal submitted by David Chipperfield Architects-b720 Arquitectos to transform the urban front of the city of Teruel improving the accessibility to the historical centre from the railway station. From the ambitious intervention presented in the competition, the execution has included the refurbishment and connection of the railway square with the historical centre, and the refurbishment of the Paseo del Óvalo, enhancing its role as lookout and dignifying the space around the neomudejar staircase.
The large square in which it sits is a path paved with white stone, arranged on a square rug. The passenger who arrives by train has two possibilities: go up the stairs or walk a treadmill of two and a half meters wide and twenty-four long. This gently sloping path leads to a cavity that opens in the wall: excavated in the stone basement of the city, a prism is built to give access to lifts on the upper platform, the column of light that is filtered comes from the transparent box of the arrival area of the elevators that carry visitors to the Paseo del Óvalo.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Plaza del Toricopu
blic
spa
ce
Location: Teruel (Spain)Client: Diputación General de Aragón. Sociedad Municipal Urban Teruel, S.A.Project: 2005Execution: 2006-2007Gross Floor Area: 3.500 m²Budget: 5.168.956 €General contractor: AccionaServices engineering: Perfil 7Lighting consultant: Artec3 Lighting
Restricted Ideas Competition - First Prize
The project is based on developing a system of large cobbled paving which has embedded a pattern of luminescent lines to create an faint atmosphere without lighting the are too much. The light, understood as a fluid element, extends across the square and finds points of inflection in the Torico’s fountain (where these lighting lines surround it), the Fondero and Somero cisterns, and the Arca Secreta (sites where the vectorial density are reduced to a half, to enhance their archaeological value).
The square is arranged longitudinally through lines of accentuated perspective, built with linear lighting systems in the porches and gables, two installation trenches to the outer surfaces of the gates, to eliminate the service facilities and aerial cables attached at that time on the walls.
The lighting project is completed with the installation of lights hidden inside the Torico’s fountain, carrying out the existing light displacement, more vertical to the horizontal plane.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Diagonal-Poblenou Gardenpu
blic
spa
ce
In association with: Ateliers Jean NouvelLocation: Site limited by the Av. Diagonal - Pere IV, C/ Marroc and Bac de Roda. BarcelonaClient: Ajuntament de Barcelona. Societat Municipal Barcelona Gestió Urbanística, S.A. (BAGURSA)Project: 2003Execution: 2004-2007Gross Floor Area: 55.000 m²Budget: 18.091.000 General contractor: FCC, S.A.Services engineer: CRM Arquitectura Ingeniería de la EdificaciónLandscape consultant: Factors de Paisatge
Restricted International Competition - First Prize
“Poblenou Garden is composed as an architecture of stone: vaulted forms, grottos, and hypostyle halls. But the material is seen as alive, with natural and controlled variations in color, and covered in greenery. This is architecture of calmness, silence.” (Jean Nouvel).
The garden is situated in four irregular city blocks, in contact with the neighbourhoods of Cerdà and Diagonal in Poblenou, Barcelona. Each block is an island surrounded with walls covered in flowering vines, which veil the enclosure and orient the garden towards the Diagonal. These walls protect plantations of Peppercorn and Rosewood trees, which are organized according to a mathematical pattern that covers two thirds of the site. Their branches are linked together above to form green archways and cupolas.
Each area is given a distinct character by its contents: a grand circular plaza for outdoor performances; colored trees arranged in a way to frame spaces; aquatic halls enclosed by walls covered in flowers; outdoor “living rooms” with tables and chairs. In this way the park is capable of responding to different visitors and uses.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
Valdebebas Urban Gardenpu
blic
spa
ce
Location: Parque Valdebebas. Madrid (Spain).Client: Junta de Compensación Parque Valdebebas.Competition: 2009Gross Floor Area: 80 hectareBudget: 20.000.000
The new park space is an essential landmark, both for its location and connection with the existing urban fabric; and for its potential to accommodate public amenities (sports facilities, playgrounds, amphitheaters) focused on enriching the lifestyle of the citizens.
By studying and analyzing the geographic conditions of the site, b720 has implemented a strategy to adapt the existing topography. It then becomes a framework which provides a means of organising the construction in phases, while responding to the needs of the citizens and demands of its natural climate.
We intend the urban park to become a transition area which mediates between the city grid and a forested area to the west. We achieve this by careful treatment of the park boundaries, including terraces, water features, and recreational plazas.
PARTNERING APPROACH AND INTERNATIONAL
COLLABORATIONS
The success of our collaborative relationships has been based on a mutual recognition of what each company can bring to the common goal and a shared philosophy based on a series of premises:
• Our experience in competitions and projects with international architects has always been based on partnership and the creation of one cohesive team from the first phases of design-competition, distributing the work in one office or another based on the operational capacity and workload.
• The existence of complementary strengths by virtue of experience in concrete areas, for geographic reasons or relationships with the client or collaborators in other disciplines (engineering, structures, façades, lighting...)
•Recognition of shared authorship of the execution of the project and construction management.
b720 Arquitectos is a flexible firm that adapts easily to the requirements of the client of each commission. b720 has considerable experience in collaborations in Spain with foreign firms on projects requiring the highest quality and with tight budgets and schedule requirements. This experience has demonstrated that our connection before the beginning of the project and the creation of a common team from the conceptual phases has enormous advantages in the development and success of the following phases and construction. This willingness to accept co-responsibility from the start should not be confused with a desire for prominence nor with a risk of duplicating work.
We have an impressive history of successes and collaborations with partners with strong personal brands and have never had problems with our vocation to accept co-responsibility of the project and be involved in all phases.
The importance of b720 members on the team during the initial phases could be minor and their impact on the cost insignificant. It could however give an extraordinary cohesion and capacity for reaction to the common team, which will gradually change throughout the design and construction process.
In any case b720 is open to studying and adapting to collaborations and of course to bringing our experience and suggesting ideas and methods and organizing a project around the concrete details of each case.
b720 is the Spanish architecture firm with the greatest experience in working with international architects. Examples like our collaborations with Jean Nouvel, David Chipperfield and Toyo Ito with whom we enjoy magnificent professional and personal relationships, can help Apple get an idea of how we approach collaborations from all points of view, from aspects of shared design to logistics and communication all through the different phases of design and construction.
We have been able to settle cultural differences and geographic difficulties, arriving at very satisfactory results for the partners as well as the client. The daily exchange of information, standard computer procedures, and creation of a common ftp, videoconferences and working teams who speak several languages all form a part of our organization.
SUSTAINABILITY
Since regulatory requirements increase and the involvement of developers and industrialists grows, the projects we develop are improving their sustainable quality. Still, opportunities should not be dismissed in order to, as architects, contribute to a substantial improvement of the sustainable quality of our business activity.
This self-imposed quality enhancement should be one of the objectives of b720 architects, but it is normal that differences may exist between projects, for which it is raised the distinction amongst levels of quality that allow a more suitable adaptation to the particular characteristics of each case.
In any case, it is important to note that assimilation to a certain quality level should be a conscious act and expected in the development of each project right from the start. That is, simultaneously to the question about both scope and agenda, it should be agreed by the client as the strategic objective, the level of quality required to execute the project, which will determine the set of measures to be taken in order to plan and respond to this goal.
Specifically, it is proposed to establish three categories of "sustainable quality b720":
- Sustainable Standards Quality - Sustainable Augmented Quality - Sustainable Superior Quality
The objectives of a Sustainable Superior Quality must be something measurable and specified in the initial phase of the project, and its performance shall be substantiated by appropriate documentation: energy certification, reports, calculations, simulations, approved accreditation systems (LEED, Passivehaus, Minergie, ...) etc. It will serve to demonstrate results both from a domestic perspective point of view (should be part of the project file), as for the final customer, which will be important, especially if the aforementioned has invested more resources to give a boost to sustainable development.
As outlined in the “b720’s Manual” and internal procedures: "Sustainability: b720’s quality standards" and "Drafting of projects, sustainability strategy," a more sustainable architecture will be one that manage more efficiently energy resources, water, materials and land, without compromising their use for future generations. Strategies to achieve this goal may be multiple, and the bibliography on the topic very extensive.
However, improving energy efficiency is directly related to the formal setting and building material. The search for a better use of environmental characteristics by a set design is historically the most common strategy to achieve better energy efficiency. It has usually been understood as contemporarily bioclimatic architecture.
The parameters to deal with are, in most cases, issues of prime importance in the common approach of the projects: shape, volume, colour, material, etc, so that their operation should be neither unfamiliar to the architect nor require major expertise, although it can always be useful to have specialists to resolve specific issues.
www.b720.com
Josep Tarradellas 123, 9º E-08029 Barcelona
Tel +34 93 363 7979 Fax +34 93 363 0139
J. Hurtado de Mendoza 19 E-28036 Madrid
Tel +34 91 376 8214 Fax +34 91 376 8517
