Prokaryote/Eukaryote/
Organelle QQ/Notes
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Organelles
Quick Question 1
What are the
three properties
of all cells?
I. Prokaryotic Cells
• single-celled organisms
• earliest & most primitive
• forms of life on earth
• include bacteria and archaeans
• no nuclei • (pro means before, thus before nucleus)
• no membrane organelles
• some have a cell wall
• Multi-celled organisms
• true nuclei (eu means true)
• Has membrane organelles
• cell membrane in animals
• cell wall in plants
II. Eukaryotic Cells
Compare and
Contrast Pro and
Eukaryotic cells
Quick Question 2
Organelle- tiny organ that performs an individual tasks
III. Cell Organelles
• Thin membranes not visible in light
microscope
• Divide interior of cell into
compartments
• Abbreviated ER – smooth and rough
A. Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Manufactures proteins
• Location for Translation of RNA into
proteins
i. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Quick Question 3
What are the building
blocks of proteins?
Why is the rough ER
crucial to cell
function?
• Creates lipids and steroid messengers
• organizes
• Lacks ribosomes
ii. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Information center of cell
• Spherical shape
• Largest organelle, readily visible
• Centrally located
• Positioned by filaments
Quick Question 4 Why is the nucleus
the information center?
B. Nucleus
• Double layer membrane pinched together at
nuclear pores
• outer membrane • continuous with the rough ER
• Inner membrane • Embedded with proteins
• Pores that serve as molecular
channels that restricts passage
of molecules except RNA and
some proteins.
C. Nuclear Envelope
Why do you
think proteins
are so
necessary?
Quick Question 5
• “Worker Bees”
• Where RNA is made
into proteins
• Proteins are
necessary for
carrying out
the functions of life
D. Ribosome
You will learn all about this in IS ¾!
• Golgi Bodies • Individual, flattened stacks of membranes
• Collectively called the Golgi complex
• Function in Molecule Collection,
Packaging, Distribution
• In charge of Delivery, the “FedEx” of the
cell
E. Golgi Complex
• The Garbage men!
• Membrane bound organelles
containing digestive enzymes
• Break down worn-out cell parts
• Recycles material into new structures
• Digest pathogens engulfed by white blood cells
F. Lysosome
• Microtubular Assembly Plants
• Present in animal and protist cells
• Occur in pairs near nuclear envelope
• Help move DNA during Mitosis
F. Centrioles
H. Mitochondria
• Cell's Chemical Power Plant
• Present in all organisms
• Bounded by double membrane
a. Outer membrane
is smooth
b. Inner membrane
is folded into
contiguous layers
called cristae
• Possesses own DNA
• Capable of replication
I. Chloroplasts
• Where photosynthesis occurs
• Found in plants and algae
• Bounded by double membrane
• Internal membranes form disk-shaped thylakoids
(look like pancakes)
• Photosynthetic pigments
on thylakoid surface
• Possess own DNA
• Can reproduce
J. Cytoskeleton
• Interior framework of cell
• Provides structure
K. Flagella and Cilia
• Two types of
locomotion
• Flagella: whip
like action
• Ex: tail of
bacteria
• Cilia: wave like
motion
• Ex: hairs in
your ear
Let’s see what you
got!
Name as many
organelles and their
functions as you can
Quick Question 6