Promoting Better Cooking Options - Energy Commissionenergycom.gov.gh/files/Promoting Better Cooking...

Promoting Better Cooking Options: Supporting Policies, Regulations and Programmes

Gifty Delali Tettey Deputy Director, Bioenergy

Ministry of Power

Promoting Better Cooking Options: Supporting Policies, Regulations & Programmes2

Source: GSS: August, 2014 GLSS 6

Main Cooking Fuels in Ghana

Promoting Better Cooking Options: Supporting Policies, Regulations & Programmes

No Cooking, 3.9%

Wood, 41.3%

Charcoal, 31.5%

Gas, 22.3%

Electricity, 0.3%

Kerosene, 0.2%Crop Residue &

Others, 0.4%

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Main Cooking Fuels in Ghana


LPG Kerosene Electricity Charcoal Crop Residue Firewood

1990 0.8% 3.0% 0.5% 25.6% 1.4% 68.7%

2000 6.4% 2.1% 1.1% 31.1% 1.6% 57.8%

2010 18.2% 0.7% 0.5% 33.7% 1.2% 40.1%

2014 22.3% 0.2% 0.3% 31.5% 0.4% 41.3%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%


Fuel Use by Locality


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

No Cooking Wood Charcoal Gas Electricity Kerosene Crop Residue

Total Urban 5.4 14.3 43.6 35.8 0.5 0.2 0.1

Total Rural 2.2 74.8 16.5 5.5 0.1 0.1 0.7


5

Major Issues & Challenges

Social/Cultural

•Educational level

•Size of family

•Cooking habits

•Taste of food

•Food preferences

•Low awareness / knowledge about the benefits of clean cookstoves

Economic

•Household income

•Fuel affordability

•Fuel availability

Technical

•Safety

•Durability

•Functionality

•Convenience


Reasons for Fuel - Stove Choices in Ghana

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Major Issues & Challenges•Drudgery in woodfuels collection

•Health risk due to exposure to smoke (HAP)

•Economic losses associated with the over- reliance on biomass for cooking

•Environmental and Climate challenges

Cross-Sectorial PoliciesBioenergy development is considered an important subject for various sectorial policies. For instance, the forestry policy seeks to improve the management of tree and forest resources by the rural areas, including increasing the value added on-site through processing and marketing support.

The energy policy on the other hand seeks to develop woodfuel as an indigenous source of energy to contribute to diversification of the energy mix and self-sufficiency in energy supply.

The national economic development policy embodies the aspirations to increase productive use of local resources in addition to providing additional energy supply options for economic growth and development.

The macro-economic policy with regard to poverty alleviation targets to improve the livelihoods of rural people and those working in informal-sector, for example towards generating income and employment.

The environment policy purposes to arrest the degradation of forest resources and other land use systems, through sustainable patterns of natural resource management and utilization, and to contribute to efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

An integrated bioenergy strategy would thus focus on sustainable resource supply from agriculture and forestry or from organic residues in industries or municipal wastes to prevent further degradation of the fragile watersheds, forest and agricultural lands.


Energy Sector Policy Goal Increase the proportion of renewable energy (including biomass) in the total national energy mix and

ensure its efficient production and use.

Policy Objectives

• Support sustained regeneration of woody biomass resources through legislation, fiscal incentives and attractive pricing;

• Promote the establishment of dedicated woodlots for wood fuel production;

• Production and use of improved and more efficient biomass utilization technologies;

• Promote the use of alternative fuels.

Policy Direction

• Reduce the share of wood fuel in the total energy mix to 50% by 2020 through the dissemination of clean and efficient cooking stoves and alternative cleaner fuel options such as LPG, biogas etc.;

• Increase the wood fuel supply base through the establishment of wood fuel plantations nationwide.


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RE Act 832 – Sustainability of Woodfuel Production


10

Promoting the Establishment of Woodlots


Photo Credit: Eric Kumi Antwi-Agyei

Photo Credit: Eric Kumi Antwi-Agyei

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Photo Credit: Gifty Tettey

Promoting the Use of Fuel Sources


pelleting / briquetting wood

waste for productive uses

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Promoting the Use of Other Fuel Sources


Promotion of Improved Stoves


• 300 Institutional Stoves being constructed in 5 Districts for GariProcessors under the EnDev Project

• Implementation by GIZ / SNV• EnDev is providing part funding for these stoves.

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LPG Promotion Program

Started in 1990

Short Term Aim: -Eliminate flaring of LPG at the Tema Oil

Refinery

Long Term Aim: -Ensure households

that use charcoal and firewood for cooking, adopt the use of LPG


LPG Percentage Consumption in 2014 on Regional Basis

Ashanti , 18.60%

Brong Ahafo, 9.90%

Central , 9.70%

Eastern , 8.00%

Greater Accra, 29.90%

Northern , 1.30%

Upper East , 1.10%

Upper West , 0.60% Volta , 8.50%

Western , 12.50%

Data Source: NPA, Ghana WebsitePromoting Better Cooking Options: Supporting Policies, Regulations & Programmes

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Rural LPG Promotion Program

2000 sets of LPG stoves and accessories distributed in each of

the following districts in 2016: Pru, Nkoranza South, Atebubu, Krachi

West, Nkwanta North & South, West Gonja, Bole, Jirapa and

Nanumba South.

Scale up adoption of LPG use from 5.5% to 50% peri-urban and rural

households up to 2030


Awareness Creation


Photo Credit: Citifmonline


Conclusion

Woodfuel will continue to be the dominant cooking

fuel in the foreseeable future.

Majority of the poor use the cheapest fuel

despite the inconveniences.

Price of fuel is a major determining

factor for fuel choice for the majority (the

poor).

Introduction of income generating

activities in poor communities could encourage switch to cleaner fuels.

Government policies support

the adoption and use of cleaner cooking fuels.

References


• Draft Bioenergy Policy

• Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 6 (GLSS 6) Main Report, August 2014,

Ghana Statistical Service.

• National Energy Policy, 2010

• NPA Website

• RE Act (Act 832), 2011

• http://www.energycom.gov.gh/index.php/licensing/licensing-in-the-

renewable-energy-sector

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Acknowledgements• Kwamoka Farms

• Abellon

• Global Bamboo

• Cook Clean - Briquettes

• Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves & Fuels

• Ghana Alliance for Clean Cookstoves & Fuels

• Endev Project – GIZ

• Ministry of Petroleum

http://www.energycom.gov.gh/index.php/licensing/licensing-in-the-renewable-energy-sector


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