Pronouns case

PRONOUNS CASE

B E T W E E N Y O U A N D M E

B Y R O N A L D S P E E N E R

OBJECTIVES

•Understand what a pronoun is

• Identify types of pronouns

•Explain pronoun case

•Use pronoun case correctly

Rev 3/2016 Grammar--Pronoun Case 2

DEFINITION

A pronoun takes the place of a

noun.


Jack went to the store; bought an apple

Jackhe

GENERAL PRONOUN RULE

• Pronouns must use the case of how they

function in the sentence.


Jack was tired when he got home. So Mary and the children took him out to her favorite restaurant. They had tacos.

TYPES OF PRONOUNS

Personal – I, you he

Relative – who, whom, that, which

Indefinite – each, one, anyone

A. Reflexive – myself B. Intensive – himselfC. Interrogative – whoD. Reciprocal – one anotherE. Demonstrative – this, these, that, those


PERSONAL PRONOUNS

• Personal pronouns are the most commonly used pronouns.

• These pronouns are used to replace a specific noun.–Jack went to the store. He bought a

gallon of milk.

• Personal pronouns have the most forms of any pronoun.


CLASSIFICATIONS


Pronouns are classified by person, number, case, and gender.Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4

Column5 Column6 Column7Subjective Objective Possessive

Person Number

1st Singular I Me My/Mine

Plural We Us Our/Ours

2nd Singular Thou Thee Thy/Thine

Plural Ye You Your/Yours

3rd Singular Masc. He Him His

Gender Fem. She Her Hers

Neuter It It Its

Case

CASE

Case shows how the pronoun functions in the sentence:

– subject, direct object, object of a preposition, etc.

Unlike person, gender, and number, it does not need to agree with its antecedent.

A. English has three cases.

–Subjective

–Objective

–Possessive


SUBJECTIVE CASE

• Subjective case – the pronoun functions as a

subject

– I went to the store.

– She built a computer.


SUBJECTIVE CASE


subject compliment

– It is I.

– The judges were Mary and she.

– It was not he that gave her roses.


SUBJECTIVE CASE


subject after than

– Jill is a better dancer than I.

– (Jill is a better dancer than I am a dancer.)


SUBJECTIVE CASE

Testing for subjective case –

A. Suzy and me went to the store.


OBJECTIVE CASE

• Objective case – the pronoun

functions as a direct object,

–I took her to the movies.


OBJECTIVE CASE

• Objective case – the pronoun

functions as an indirect object,

–I took her home.


OBJECTIVE CASE

• Objective case – the pronoun functions as an object of a prepositional phrase

– Aidin gave the car to us.

– Our dog ran after Mark and me.

– After Mark and I saw the movie, we went out for pizza. (After is a subordinating conjunction)


OBJECTIVE CASE

• Objective case – the pronoun functions as a

object after than

– Jill liked Sidney better than me.

– (Jill liked Sidney better than she liked me.)


THE DREADED ME

• Me is objective case – it functions as a direct

object, indirect object or object of a preposition

– She took me to the movies.

– He walked me home.

– Between you and me, Daren is a snob.


THE DREADED ME

• Exceptions – informal

–It is me.

–Why me?


OBJECTIVE CASE

Testing for Objective case –

Jake took Jake and I to the races.

The contest was between Cindy and

she for first place.


POSSESSIVE CASE

• Possessive case – the pronoun shows

ownership or possession

– It is my book. (adjective)

– The book is mine. (pronoun)


CASE EXERCISE

Jack took she and I to the

movies.

Jack studied harder than

her.


C I

C I

THEN/AS

Although Jose isn't as popular as

_____ , he is more likely to earn a

promotion at work.

a) she

b) hers

c) herself

d) her


RELATIVE PRONOUNS


1st

2nd

3rdWho, That

& WhichWhom Whose

Person

Possessive

Case

Singular & Plural

Number Subjective Objective

WHO

• Who or whom frequently start a

dependent clause

• Use who if it is the subject of the

clause

–Mary went to the doctor who was a

specialist.


WHOM

• Use whom as the object of a prepositional phrase

– To whom do you want me to address the letter?

• Use whom if it is the direct object of the clause

– Mary went to the doctor whom she thought to be the best.

– She sang for whoever would listen.

HINT- find the verb in the clause then the subject.


WHOSE

• Do not confuse whose with who’s

–The student whose paper is best will

receive a scholarship.

• Whose shows ownership of the paper

–Who’s the best writer in class?

• Contraction of who is


RESTRICTIVE

RESTRICTIVE

• Limits a noun

– The man who rowed a boat across the Atlantic Ocean wrote a book about his adventure.

• That is always restrictive

NON-RESTRICTIVE

• Adds information

– Tony, who rowed a boat across the Atlantic Ocean, wrote a book about his adventure.

– Which is usually non-restrictive


THAT

• That is frequently omitted in a sentence

– Mary took the medicine she needed.

• That often requires the subjunctive mood

– I wish that he were here.

• That can refers to person or things

• That is always restrictive (no commas)

– The book that was on the table needs to be returned to the library.


WHICH

• In general which refers to things

–The book, which I left on the table,

must be returned to the library.

• Some grammar books, including

MSWord, insist which must be

used with commas.


INTENSIVE/REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Subjective/Intensive Objective/Reflexive Possessive

1st Person

Singular Myself Myself

Plural Ourselves Ourselves

2nd Person

Singular Yourself Yourself

Plural Yourselves Yourselves

3rd Person

Singular Himself, herself, itself Himself, herself, itself

Plural Themselves Themselves


INTENSIVE/REFLEXIVE CONT.

Intensive are used

with subjects

–Jack, himself,

baked the cake.

A. Reflexive are

objects

–Jack baked the

cake by

himself.



Intensive and Reflexive pronouns cannot

substitute for I or me

A. Ted and myself went to the

store.

B. Ted and I went to the store.


.


• Hisself, Theirself and Theirselves

are not acceptable English words


.

SUMMARY

• Pronouns must match the case of

how they function in the sentence


PRONOUN EXERCISE 1

I plan on visiting my grandmother

________ lives in Arizona.

a) whom

b) that

c) which

d) who


PRONOUN EXERCISE 2

My grandmother called my mother while my sister and ________ were at my mother’s house.

A. Me

B. I

C. myself

D. myselves


PRONOUN EXERCISE 3

I have not seen my grandmother in

several years, ________ is too long.

A. whom

B. that

C. which

D. when


PRONOUN EXERCISE 4

My grandmother said _____ she wanted

us to visit next week.

A. whom

B. that

C. which

D. when


PRONOUN EXERCISE 5

She wants to give us some gift from Ben,

_______ my uncle.

A. whom

B. whose

C. which

D. who’s


PRONOUN EXERCISE 6

My Uncle Ben was single and traveled

the world by _________.

A. hiself

B. oneself

C. himself

D. hiselfes


RELATIVE PRONOUN EXERCISE

He always brought expensive items for

_______ want to have them.

A. Whoever

B. Whichever

C. Whomever

D. Who.


PRONOUN EXERCISE 7

Needless to say, my sister and

_________ were on the next plane.

A. me

B. myself

C. I

D. us


PRONOUN EXERCISE 8

From Uncle Ben’s gifts, I selected an

African mask for _______.

A. me

B. myself

C. I

D. us


PRONOUN EXERCISE 9

My sister selected sapphire earrings,

_________ complemented her eyes.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. whose


PRONOUN EXERCISE 10

It is difficult to say _________ selection

was better.

A. whom’s

B. who

C. whose

D. who’s


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Pronouns case

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