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Good
Day!
♫“Ang laya mo’y babantayan,
Pilipinas kong mahal.” ♫
-Pilipinas kong mahal
Radical?Ratio
nal? or
The Point of YOU!^_^
Factors that gave birth to Philippine Nationalism
The influx of liberal ideas (from abroad) The Spanish Revolution (1868) The opening of the Suez Canal (1869) THE MARTYRDOM OF FATHERS GOMEZ, BURGOS AND ZAMORA
ThePropagandaMovement
Propaganda Movement
-peaceful crusade or campaign for reforms.
It was organized and participated by the illustrados.
Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar and Graciano Lopez Jaena are the leaders of the said movement.
Rise of the Propaganda Movement
It began in 1872, when Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were executed at the Luneta.
The Filipino exiles of 1872 and many patriotic students abroad met in Hong Kong, Singapore, Barcelona, Madrid, Paris, London and other foreign cities.
Work of promoting the welfare and happiness of the fatherland.
Aggressively but peacefully, by means of writing and speeches, they crusaded for reforms to rectify the evils of the Spanish colonial system.
Reforms Desired by the Propaganda
Movement
1) Equality of the Filipinos and Spaniards before the laws.
2) Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain.
3) Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes.
…Reforms…
4) Filipinization of the Philippine parishes and expulsion of the friars.
5) Human rights for Filipinos, such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom to meet and petition for redress of grievances.
The Propagandists
were patriots who waged their movement by means of pen and tongue to expose the defects of Spanish rule in the Philippines and the urgency of reforms to remedy them.
They were scions of good families, highly intelligent, educated, patriotic, and courageous, who symbolized the flower of Filipino manhood.
Marcelo H. del Pilar
A lawyer and a journalist
Beloved by masses for his eloquent Tagalog and fearless defense of the poor against friar abuses.
Physician-novelist and a many splendored genius.
Jose Rizal
Graciano Lopez Jaena
The greatest orator of the Propaganda Movement
Mariano Ponce
A medical student and a biographical writer.
Other Propagandists…
Propagandists Who’s who?
Juan Luna and
Felix HidalgoThe masters of brush.
Pedro Paterno
A lawyer and man of letters
Antonio LunaPharmacist and essayist
Pedro Serrano Laktaw
Teacher-tutor of Prince Alfonso de Bourbon (later King Alfonso XIII of Spain)
Propagandists Who’s who?
Jose Ma. Panganiban
Linguist and essasyist
Fernando Canon
Engineer and musician
Jose Alejandrino An engineer and a political writer
Isabelo delos ReyesFolklorist, newspaperman and a scholar
Dominador Gomez Physician, orator
Foreign Friends of the Propaganda Movement
Foreigners who were lovers of freedom and justice.
supported the Filipinos’ campaign for reforms
Foreign Friends of the PM
Who’s who?
Ferdinand Blumentritt
Austrian professor, scholar Dr.Rizal’s bestfriend Praised Noli and Fili and wrote a “Prologue” to Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Paris, 1890)
Don Juan Atayde One of the liberal Spaniards who aided Filipino propagandis
Foreign Friends of the
PMWho’s who?
…
Founded the Circulo Hispano-Filipino in September 1882 (a civic association of Spaniards and Filipinos in Madrid) Published the newspaper Revisa del Circulo Hispano-Filipino
Miguel Morayta
Statesman, historian and journalist Rizal’s professor at the Central University of Madrid
Foreign Friends of the PM
Who’s who?
Francisco Pi y Margall
Former president of the First Spanish Republic
Emilio JunoyA journalistMember of the Cortes
Manuel Ruiz Zorilla
Parliamentarian Leader of the Spanish Republican Party
The Anti-Friar Manifesto of 1888
Happened on March 1, 1888 The anti-friar demonstration of hundred of Filipino Led by: Doroteo Cortes, Manila patriotic lawyer
Assisted by: M.H. del Pilar and Jose A. Ramos (a London-educated rich merchant; leading Masonic leader)
It requested the expulsion of the friars from the Philippines.
submission of an anti-friar manifesto to acting Civil Gov. Jose Centeno addressed to Queen Regent Maria Cristina.
titled: “Long Live the Queen! Long Live the Army! Down with the Friars!”
may be written either by M.H. del Pilar or Jose A. Ramos
it denounced the anti-Filipino Archbishop, Pedro Payo, and the bad friars for:* meddling in the movement* enriching themselves contrary to their monastic vow of poverty
* opposing the teaching of the Spanish language to the Filipinos
* keeping the Philippines in obscurantism
Result:* the powerful friars avenged themselves by persecuting the leaders and signers of the manifesto, having them arrested and thrown into prison.
* but the patriotic demonstrators were pardoned in 1889 as an amnesty was issued by the Spanish Queen Regent.
La Solidaridad, Organ of the Propaganda Movement
a newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona on February 15, 1889.
La Solidaridad was created due to the reality that mass media is important in propagating the Propaganda objectives.
Aims of La
Solidaridad(from Jaena’s editorial)
1) to portray vividly the deplorable condition of the Philippines,
2) to work peacefully for the political and social reforms,
3) to combat the evil forces of medieval-
ism and reaction,4) to advocate liberal ideas
and progress5) to champion the legitimate aspirations of
the Filipino people
for democracy and happiness.
^_^
…La Solidaridad, Organ ofthe Propaganda Movement
La Solidaridad was printed in:Barcelona (Feb. 15-Oct. 31, 1889)Madrid (Nov. 15-Nov. 15, 1895)
On Dec. 15, 1889, M.H. del Pilar replaced G.L. Jaena as its editor.
Contributors of La Solidaridad
M.H. del Pilar (Plaridel)
Dr. Jose Rizal (Laon Laan)
Mariano Ponce
(Tigbalang) Antonio Luna (Taga-Ilog)
Jose Ma. Panganiban
(Jomapa) Dr. Pedro Paterno Antonio Ma. Regidor
Isabelo delos Reyes
Eduardo de Lete Jose Alejandrino
Contributors of La Solidaridad (Foreigner)
Professor Blumentritt
Dr. Morayta
…La Solidaridad, Organ ofthe Propaganda Movement
“We are persuaded that there are no sacrifices that are too little to win the rights and the liberty of a nation that is oppressed by slavery.” (M.H. del Pilar’s farewell editorial)
The publication ended on Nov. 15, 1895 after an existence of seven years.
Literature of the Propaganda Movement
Despite its political spirit, the Propaganda Movement produced certain meritorious literary works which contributed to the blossoming of Filipino literature.
. . .
Writer/s Contributions/Works
Dr. Pedro A. Paterno• doctor of laws• man of letters
“Ninay,” the first Filipino novel (Madrid, 1885) a volume of melodious poems, “Sampaguitas” (Madrid, 1880) “La Antigua Civilizacion Tagalog,” a historical book (Madrid, 1887)
Gregorio Sanciangco• economist• also a doctor of laws
“El Progreso de Filipinas,” authored a book (Madri, 1881)
Writer/s Contributions/Works
. . .
And a treatise on colonial economics and politics in the Philippines.
Marcelo H. del Pilar• lawyer and journalist• excelled as a political
pamphleteer
“Dasalan at Tuksohan” “La Soberania Monacal en Filipinas” “La Frailocracia”
Writer/s Contributions/Works
Graciano Lopez Jaena
“Fray Botod”-(Fat Friar- he ridiculed the friars who became very fat for eating too much and living in luxury at the expense of poor Filipinos, whom they abuse.)
“En Tinielas”-(In Utter Darkness, his article in La Solidaridad; he lambasted the biased Spanish writersfor their absurdities.
Writers Contributions/Works
Antonio Luna “Impressiones” -(a collection of essays describing the customs of the Spaniards in Madrid)
Jose Ma. Panganiban
“La Universidad de Filipinas: Plan de Estudios,” -a critical essay in La Solidaridad which exposed the defects of the church-dominated education in the Philippines.
Isabelo delos Reyes
• folklorist & historian
“El Folk-Lore Filipino” (1887) “Historia de Ilocos (2 volumes; on 1890)
Writers Contributions/Works
Mariano Ponce• biographer
“Celebres Filipinos”
Dr. Rizal• greatest writer of the Propaganda Movement
“Noli Me Tangere” “El Filibusterismo” “La Vision del Frey Rodriguez” (1889) –exposed the stupidities of Fr. Rodriguez “Por Telefono” (1891) –about Fr. Salavador Font
Masonry and the Propaganda Movement
Many Filipino patriots became masons (del Pilar, Jaena, Rizal, Ponce) because they needed the help of the masons in Spain and in other foreign countries for their fight for reforms.
...Masonry and the Propaganda Movement
Revolucion- 1st Filipino Masonic lodge founded by Jaena in Barcelona - recognized on April 1889 by Grande Oriental Español headed by Don Miguel Morayta - died out on Nov. 29, 1890 after Lopez Jaena resigned as worshipful master.
…Masonry and thePropaganda Movement
Lodge Soidaridad- organized by M.H. del Pilar and Julio Llorante in Madrid - recognized on May 1890 by Grande Oriental Español - Llorante (Worshipful Master) - prospered so it was joined in by other Filipinos (Rizal, Pedro Serrano Baldomero Roxas, Galicano Apacible, etc.)
…Masonry and thePropaganda Movement
Lodge Nilad- 1st Filipino Masonic lodge - founded by Serrano Laktaw in Manila on January 6, 1892.
☻Filipino Masonic lodges in Spain and in Philippines raised the needed funds to finance the campaign for reforms in Spain.
Asociacion Hispano-Filipina(Hispano-Philippine Association)
• Purpose: secure reforms for the Philippines• President: Don Miguel Morayta• V-president: Gen. Felipe dela Corte• Secretary: Dominador Gomez• Members: all Filipinos in Europe, prominent scholars, statesmen of other nationalities.
...Asociacion Hispano-Filipina(Hispano-Philippine Association)
3 Sections:
1.) Political Section (M.H. del Pilar)2.) Literary Section (M. Ponce)3.) Recreation Section (Tomas Arejola)
…Asociacion Hispano-Filipina(Hispano-Philippine Association)
☻ The members met once a month to discuss Philippine-Spanish questions.
☻ They drew up petitions and passed resolutions.
Liga Filipina(Philippine League)
- a Filipino civic association
founded by Jose Rizal on July 3, 1892 in a house at Ilaya St., Tondo
its constitution was written by Jose Rizal, helped by Jose Ma. Basa
…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)
“Unus Instar Omnium”
“One Like All”
* motto *
…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)
Aims:
1. Union of the Archipelago into a compact, vigorous, and homogeneous body.
2. Mutual protection in all cases of pressing necessity.
. . .
…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)
. . .
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encouragement of education, agriculture, and commerce.
5. Study and application of reforms.
…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)
☻ President: Ambrosio Salvador
☻ Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa
☻ Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
☻ Secretary: Deodato Arellano
…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)
Members:
☺ Andress Bonifacio☺ Apolinario Mabini☺ Mamerto Natividad☺ Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista☺ Moises Salvador
. . .
…Liga Filipina(Philippine League)
. . .
☺ Jose A. Dizon☺ Domingo Franco☺ Timoteo Paez☺ Arcadio del Rosario☺ Numeriano Andriano☺ Timoteo Lanuza
…Liga Filipina(Philippine League) However, three days after the founding of Liga Filipina, Rizal was arrested by order of Governor General Despujol
On July 6, 1892, Rizal was exiled to Dapitan-known to be the Liga Filipina’s collapse.
End of Propaganda Movement Rizal’s arrest to Dapitan marks the end of the Propaganda movement.
Radical members like Andres Bonifacio separated from the movement, believing that it was useless to expect reforms from the Spaniards.
…End of Propaganda Movement
Los Compromisarios- a group organized in
purpose of prolonging the movement
* Each member promised to contribute financially to aid the Propaganda movement in Spain.
…End of Propaganda Movement
(…Los Compromisarios)-among the active members
were:
• Apolinario Mabini• Domingo Franco• Numeriano Andriano• Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista• Timoteo Paez (..etc...)
…End of Propaganda Movement
(…Los Compromisarios)- For some months, the
Compromisarios sent funds to M.H. del Pilar in Madrid for the continued printing of La Solidaridad.
- Later, many members stopped paying their contributions so that the flow of funds to Spain ceased.
…End of Propaganda Movement
(…Los Compromisarios)- For some months, the
Compromisarios sent funds to M.H. del Pilar in Madrid for the continued printing of La Solidaridad.
- Later, many members stopped paying their contributions so that the flow of funds to Spain ceased.
…End of Propaganda Movement
For lack of funds, La Solidaridad died out after its last issue on November 15, 1895.
With the demise of the La Solidaridad, the Propaganda Movement consequently ended.
…End of Propaganda Movement
The Propaganda Movement failed,but the ideas of freedom and justice which it sowed paved the ground for the Philippine Revolution that the Katipunan and Andres Bonifacio began in the hills of Balintawak in August 1896.
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Texting .. Lalo na “gm” ???
Di naman talagasila bagum-bago!
FYI… Derived na lang sila lahat sa
Diplomatic Method of Expression
na pinauso ni Rizal noong araw!!!”
Mr. Armando Delfino-Instructor(SSC102C-SE Philippine History)
Prepared by:Rebecca B. BorromeoBSE-2 Eng