PROPAGANDA TOWARDS AFRICAN TRIBE IN THE LEGEND OF
TARZAN’S FILM BY DAVID YATES
THESIS
Submitted to the board examination in partial fulfilment
of the requirement for Bachelor Degree
at English Literature Department
by
M. NABIL
AI.160793
ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI
2021
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vii
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DEDICATION
to Ayah and Emak
I dedicate this thesis for you
Just pray for me, for your tiredness will be paid off
with my success in life soon, as your child
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MOTTO
And do not obey every worthless habitual swearer. [And] scorner, going about
with malicious gossip.1
(QS. Al-Qalam: 10-11)
Dan janganlah engkau patuhi setiap orang yang suka bersumpah dan suka
menghina. Suka mencela, yang kian kemari menyebarkan fitnah .2
(QS. Al-Qalam: 10-11)
1 The Noble Quran (The Noble Quran, The Clear Quran, The Holy Quran, Al-Quran).
..Retrieved from https://quran.com/68 accessed on April 22nd
2021 on 14.01 pm 2 ..Al-Qur’an Qordoba. (Bandung: PT. Cordoba Internasional Indonesia, 2019). P. 564
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ABSTRACT
M. Nabil, 2021: Propaganda towards African Tribe in The Legend of Tarzan’s
Film by David Yates. Supervisor I : H. Mislan, S.Pd., M.Pd Supervisor II :
Firdiansyah, M.Hum
The writer analyzed propaganda in the Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David
Yates. This film showed propaganda between Mbonga with Tarzan tribes. It
because Leon Rom wants to snatch the region Mbonga tribe which has abundant
diamonds, and he wants to enslave everyone there. The objectives of the research
are to identify types of propaganda are reflected towards African tribes in the
Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates. Also, to know the way Tarzan solves
the propaganda towards African tribes in the Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David
Yates.This research uses a library research method and the data sources used were
the Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates. The data is analyzed using a
descriptive-qualitaive analysis method. In the theoretical framework, the
researcher used Jacques Ellul and Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann’s theory
to answer the problems formulated. Based on the data analyzed, the researcher
found that: the types of propaganda towards African Tribe in the Legend of
Tarzan’s Film by David Yates are Horizontal Propaganda and Vertical
Propaganda. In horizontal propaganda, the leaders talk to the leaders such as the
leader of Mbonga tribe talks to Leon Room if the Leon Room wants to get the
diamond. He has to bring the Tarzan to Bonga and Mr. Frum talk to Leon Rom
which they have agreed to obtain the diamond. In vertical propaganda, Tarzan
also explained to Dr. William and also the prime minister that his name was no
longer Tarzan but John Clyton III, son of John and Nyoya Alice Clyton and the
fifth prince of Greystoke, a member of the nobility. Moreover, there four ways
Tarzan solve propaganda towards the African tribe in the Legend of Tarzan’s Film
by David Yates are Collaborating, Compromising, Accommodating, Avoiding.
Keywords: Propaganda, African Tribe, The Legend of Tarzan
xii
ABSTRAK
M. Nabil, 2021. Propaganda towards African Tribe in The Legend of Tarzan’s
Film by David Yates. Pembimbing I : H. Mislan, S.Pd., M.Pd. Pembimbing II:
Firdiansyah, M.Hum
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis jenis-jenis propaganda yang
direfleksikan terhadap suku Afrika dalam Film The Legend of Tarzan karya David
Yates, bagaimana Tarzan memecahkan propaganda terhadap suku Afrika dalam
Film The Legend of Tarzan karya David Yates. Penelitian ini menggunakan
metode penelitian pustaka dan sumber data yang digunakan adalah Film Legend
of Tarzan karya David Yates. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian
pustaka dan sumber data yang digunakan dari Film The Legend of Tarzan karya
David Yates. Data yang ditemukan dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis
deskriptif-kualitatif. Di dalam kerangka teori, peneliti menggunakan teori Jacques
Ellul dan Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann untuk menjawab permasalahan
yang dirumuskan. Berdasarkan data yang telah dianalisis, peneliti menemukan
bahwa: jenis propaganda terhadap suku Afrika dalam Film The Legend of Tarzan
karya David Yates adalah Propaganda Horizontal dan Propaganda Vertikal.
Dalam propaganda horizontal, pemimpin berbicara dengan pemimpin seperti
pemimpin Suku Mbonga berbicara dengan Leon Room jika Leon Room ingin
mendapatkan berlian. Dia harus membawa Tarzan ke Bonga dan Mr. Frum
berbicara dengan Leon Rom yang telah mereka sepakati untuk mendapatkan
berlian. Dalam propaganda vertikal, Tarzan juga menjelaskan kepada Dr. William
dan juga perdana menteri bahwa namanya bukan lagi Tarzan melainkan John
Clyton III, putra John dan Nyoya Alice Clyton dan pangeran kelima Greystoke,
seorang bangsawan. Selain itu, ada empat cara Tarzan menyelesaikan propaganda
terhadap suku Afrika dalam Film Legend of Tarzan karya David Yates yaitu
Collaborating, Compromising, Accommodating, Avoiding.
Kata Kunci: Propaganda, Suku Afrika, The Legend of Tarzan
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ABBREVIATION
No. : Number
P : Page
UIN : State Islamic University
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TABLE OF CONTENT
PAGE OF TITLE
APPROVAL ................................................................................................... ii
NOTA DINAS .................................................................................................. iii
LETTER OF RATIFICATION .................................................................... iv
ORIGINAL THESIS STATEMENT ........................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. viii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... x
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ xi
ABBREVIATION .......................................................................................... xii
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. xiii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
A. Background of Problem ....................................................................... 1
B. Formulation of Problem ....................................................................... 3
C. Limitation of the Research ................................................................... 3
D. Purpose of the Research ....................................................................... 3
E. Significance of the Research ................................................................ 4
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Sociological Approach ......................................................................... 5
B. Propaganda ........................................................................................... 6
C. Propaganda Theory .............................................................................. 7
D. Types of Propaganda ............................................................................ 8
1. Horizontal propaganda .................................................................... 8
2. Vertical propaganda ......................................................................... 8
E. The Ways to Solve Propaganda ......................................................... 9
1. Collaborating ................................................................................... 9
2. Compromising ................................................................................. 9
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3. Accommodating .............................................................................. 10
4. Avoiding .......................................................................................... 10
F. Review of Related Research ................................................................ 11
CHAPTER III: METHOD OF THE RESEARCH
A. Design of Research .............................................................................. 15
B. Source of Data ...................................................................................... 16
C. Technique of Collecting Data .............................................................. 16
D. Technique of Data Analysis ................................................................. 18
CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS
A. Analysis ................................................................................................ 20
1. The Types of Propaganda towards African tribe in the Legend
of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates .................................................. 20
a. Horizontal propaganda ................................................................ 20
b. Vertical propaganda .................................................................... 24
2. The Ways Tarzan Solve Propaganda towards African tribe in
the Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates .............................. 28
a. Collaborating .............................................................................. 28
b. Compromising ............................................................................ 34
c. Accommodating .......................................................................... 36
d. Avoiding ..................................................................................... 37
CHAPTER V: CONSLUSION
A. Conclusion ........................................................................................... 40
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................ 40
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Literature is a depiction of human existence as it occurs in society;
thus, literature cannot be divorced from social life. Literature is a realm of
imagination created by authors in response to life difficulties coming from
reality or the social environment, based on the author's experience and
observations. Wellek has state that literature is a representation of life.3 It
indicates that literature reflects human life in society.
The film is a subset of literature. Film and literature have a relationship
because most films are based on novels, and literature is a type of documented
social product that takes place in society. There are some definitions of film.
According to Villarejo in his book entitled Film studies the basic, he stated
that: “Film is structured like a language, composed of fundamental units,
called shots, filmnrely upon to join shots together into larger strings called (a
series of shots united in time and space), just a words become sentences”.4 It
indicates that film is a medium for telling a story in society that reflects the
human person.
In this research, the writer is interested in analyzing The Legend of
Tarzan’s Film by David Yates because of the cinematography that is used
in this film which can reflect the exoticism nature of Kongo. Also, the
acting of the main character and other supporting characters is showed
very well, and the most important one this film is easy to understand for
anyone who watches it. This film tells about propaganda between Mbonga
with Tarzan. Because Leon Rom wants to control the area of the Mbonga
tribe which has abundant diamonds and enslaves everyone there. This film
was published on July 1, 2016, in the United States. This film is nominated
3 Wellek, Rene and Warren, Austin. “Theory of Literature”, (New York: Harcourt Brace
Javonovich, 1981), p. 1 4 Amy Villarejo, Film Studies the Basic, (London: Routledge, 2007), p. 24
2
as the Best Action/Adventure Film at the Academy of Science Fiction,
Fantasy & Horror Films, as the Top Box Office Films winner in ASCAP
Film and Television Music Awards (2017), nominated as the best movie in
Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Award (2016) and Yoga Awards (2017), the
actors and actress of this film got some award such as Best International
Actress in Jupiter Awards (2017).5
Propaganda as allegations, facts, opinions, and the like,
systematically spread with the intention of helping or harming some
individual, group, institution, or movement utilized by political factions.6
According to Gramsci, propaganda is a power or control over people's life
values, norms, and cultural groupings that eventually becomes a doctrine of
the other communities where the dominant group is purposefully obeyed.7.
Meanwhile, Ellul defines propaganda as the administration and control of
people's behaviors and beliefs. It is a medium to set and plant particular ideas
in to the community to gain approval for the ruling group8. According to
expert definitions above, the writer determines that propaganda is a method of
persuading people to follow our wishes through the use of words or sentences.
A person's mindset regarding anything can be changed through propaganda.
The researcher chooses propaganda to be analyzed in this study
because through propaganda, one can change the mindset of others about
something. That is an interesting thing to understand for researchers because it
is a part of life that we experience in everyday life. The researcher chooses this
title, the first my thesis is about literatue. Why I chose literature because
studying literature is not boring and easy to understand compared to
linguistics. And also literature can reflects human life in society. The second,
the tittle of my thesis discuss the object of propaganda. So I choose
5 https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0918940/awards. The Legend of Tarzan, Awards, 2016.
6 Erik Harninta Putra, “A Communist Propaganda Towards American Black Society
Through Richard Wright’s Native Son” Fakultas Bahasa dan Sastra Universitas Negeri
Semarang, 2006, p. 82 7 Antonio Gramsci, “Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci”. Q. Hoare
& G. N. Smith, eds. & trans. Lawrence and Wishart, London, 1971, p. 367 8 Jacques Ellul, Propaganda: “The Formation of Men’s Attitudes”. Trans. Konrad Kelen &
Jean Lerner.,Vintage Books Edition, New york, 1965, p. 62
3
propaganda because through propaganda someone can change the mindset of
others about something. And last, why I chose this film because in film the
legend of tarzan, I found happening propaganda between Tarzan and Mbonga
in this film. Therefore, I chose this film as the object of my research related to
the propaganda in the title of my thesis. In addition, the problem that arises in
this film is that ethnic Mbonga should believe more in Tarzan because he lived
in Africa since childhood and he did not destroy African nature. However, it
turns out that the Mbonga people believe more in the descendants of Leon
Rom who came from England.
Finally, the writer assumed that propaganda is a from society
activities which we often encounter and cannot be separated, it is attracted
the writer to make this research under the title: Propaganda Towards
African tribe in the Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates.
B. Formulation of the Problem
Based on background of the problem above, the formulation made
for this research are the follow:
1. What types of propaganda are reflected towards African tribe in the
Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates?
2. How does Tarzan solve propaganda towards African tribe in the
Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates?
C. Limitations of the Research
In this research, the writer focuses to analyze the propaganda which
happened to the tribes of Mbonga and Tarzan in The Legend of
Tarzan’s Film by David Yates. According to the film, it all began because
Leon Rom made them fight each other through his propaganda. The writer
gathers information from their scripted utterances as well as the life-like
images in David Yates' Legend of Tarzan film.
4
D. Purpose of the Research
Based on limitation of the problem above, the purpose of this
research are:
1. To know the types of Propaganda towards African tribe in the
Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates.
2. To know how Tarzan solve propaganda towards African tribe in the
Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates.
E. Significant of the Research
This research would be expected could give the information or
knowledge about the concept of time form the film the Legend of Tarzan, and
to enlarge the reader’s attention to analyze literary works not only by one
side but also from another side as the writer will. The writer hopes that
result of this could give some contributions for the literature field especially
to the English Literature in Adab Faculty of State Islamic University (UIN)
Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. Furthermore, the writer hopes this research
could encourage the readers to be more care, interesting and never bored in
studying and researching the literature field. Especially which have correlation
with the social life studying it is all social human life phenomenon, because
basically literary works were very rich of literature elements which could be
researched.
Than hopefully, this research might be significant for improving the
science of language and for readers as general and the students of this
instituted it is hover to improve their knowledge about literature and their
understanding about literature will be deeper than before beside, this research
can be as one of relevance references for next researchers who are interested in
literature and discourse analysis.
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CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Sociological Approach
Literary is a reflector of life that embraces the human relationship,
both man to man, between social community, and also between events that
occurred during a specific period. Damono defines sociology of literature also
as the study of literature from a sociological standpoint to comprehend social
processes in a certain period of time that are described by the author in his or
her literary work.9 It indicates that literature may be assessed by looking at the
author's social phenomena; sociology and literature are instruments for
understanding a person's or community's social state at a given time. Many
facets of social life, such as culture, religion, and the economics, influenced
the author's literary works. These factors always have an impact on the author
when he or she writes. These factors always have an impact on the author
when she or he creates a story. Through his or her work, the author expresses
his or her thoughts, views, ideas, desires, experiences, and attitudes toward
society.
The sociological approach is based on the concept that the analysis of
humans in society begins with society and progresses to the individual.
According to Laurenso and Swingewood, literature also reflects values in the
sense of the writer's goal, and it may be argued that it is on the level of values.
where literature is seen to reinforced and illuminated purely sociological
material.10
Sociology attempts to examine the link between the individual and
society as a whole. We may still get a sense of a society's dilemma from
literary work, whether it is a reflection or fiction.
9 Sapardi Damono Djoko. Sociology: “Sebuah Pengantar Ringkas”. (Jakarta: Pusat
Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen P&K, 1984) p. 2 10
Diana Laurenso and Alan Swingewood. “The Sociology of Literature”. (London:
Granada Publishing Limited London Oxford University Press, 1972) p. 75.
6
“Dasar filosofis pendekatan sosiologis adalah adanya hubungan
hakiki antara karya sastra dengan masyarakat. Hubungan-hubungan
yang dimaksudkan disebabkan oleh: a) karya sastra dihasilkan oleh
pengarang, b) pengarang itu sendiri adalah anggota masyarakat, dan
c) hasil karya sastra itu dimanfaatkan kembali oleh masyarakat”.11
It indicates that a literary work and its author are inextricably linked to
certain aspects of society. According to Swingewood in his book Sociology
and Literature, there have been three basic aspects of sociological perspective:
literary work as a reflection of the author's social status, Literary work as a
social artifact reflecting the age in which it was created, and literary study as a
sort of reflection In terms of the first premise, it is a study of literature in
relation to the social context of writing. It discusses the author’s position in
the society, author’s ideology, responds toward his or her society and other
thing deal with the author as the creation a literary work. 12
The second premise demonstrates that literature reflects the beliefs and
feelings of the time in which the work was created. One must examine the
author's works as well as his or her social background. Conversely, the last
concept seeks to understand the ways where a work of literature is actually
accepted by a given society at distinct historical moments.
When it comes to this study, it refers to societal conditions,
specifically the state of propaganda between Mbonga and Tarzan. The writer
will then address propaganda in Africa, namely in the Kongos' Kingdom in the
film The Legend of Tarzan. Propaganda has two components, beginning with
the development of social society and progressing to economic concerns.
B. Propaganda
Propaganda is a method of determining what is right and incorrect.
Propaganda, according to Gramsci, is a power or dominion over life values,
11
Nyoman Kutha Ratna, S.U. “Teori, Metode, dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra”. (Yogyakarta:
Pustaka Pelajar, 2015) p. 60. 12
Sapardi Damono Djoko. “Sociology: Sebuah Pengantar Ringkas”. Op.cit., p.3.
7
norms, and cultural group of people.13
Jacques Ellul also added propaganda is
closely related to the organization and action, which is practically non-
existent without the propaganda.14
Based on the definition of experts, the
writer concludes that propaganda is a way to influence others to follow our
will which uses words or sentences. Through propaganda, a person can change
the mindset of someone about something.
C. Propaganda Theory
Propaganda is a method of influencing and emphasizing certain
attitudes and actions through the planting of information and ideas. People do
not know what is accurate or inaccurate in propaganda, who emphasized that
propaganda's substance is how it is accepted by someone and, as a
consequence, pushes the person to act in accordance with the propaganda's
aims. According to Malesevie, propaganda is a laborious replication type of
structured communication that involves the creation, reproduction, and spread
of ideas, pictures, and messages intended at persuading or influencing the
views and behaviors of large groups of people.15
It implies that propaganda is
the somewhat systematic use of symbols to alter other people's religious
beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors (words, gestures, banners, monuments, music,
clothing, insignia, hairstyles, designs on coins and postage stamps, and so
forth).
Propaganda differs from normal conversation or the free and easy
exchange of ideas in that it places a disproportionate focus on deliberateness
or manipulation. It denotes propaganda as the deliberate and systematic
attempt to influence perceptions, control minds, and steer behavior to elicit the
desired reaction of propaganda disseminators. Jacques Ellul defines
13
Antonio Gramsci, “Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci”. Q. Hoare
& G. N. Smith, eds. & trans. Lawrence and Wishart, London, 1971, p.367 14
Jacques Ellul, “Propaganda: The Formation of Men’s Attitudes”. Trans. Konrad Kelen &
Jean Lerner. New York: Vintage Books Edition, 1965, p. 70-79 15
Sinisa Malesevic,. “The Sociology of War and Violence”. Cambridge University Press.
United States of America, 2010, p. 203
8
propaganda as communication used by an organized group that wants to create
active or passive participation in the actions of a mob psychologically made up
of individuals and united in an organization.16
D. Types of Propaganda
There are two of propaganda it can be seen below:17
1. Horizontal Propaganda
Horizontal propaganda is a type of propaganda that is delivered
directly to the individual. In general, this type of propaganda is the
most effective. It is typically done in the group membership as opposed
to the group leader. In other terms, horizontal propaganda occurs
among the group's members instead of the group's leader; more often
through interpersonal communication and orgazational communication
rather than trough mass communication. Political parties have
traditionally relied on horizontal promotion, such as a trip to the
municipal organization committee, train of party cadres, conspiracies
in prisons, and so on. Furthermore, interpersonal and organizational
communications are more effective than mass communication.
2. Vertical Propaganda
Vertical propaganda was propaganda that mainly use mass
media to persuade its target audience. This form of propaganda spreads
his message using news media outlets such as newspapers, television,
radio, and many others. Vertical propaganda, like Nazi propaganda, is
considered classic propaganda because it occurs from the top-down,
from the leaders to the people. Propaganda is developed behind closed
doors and distributed via channels of communication. The people are
being persuaded and coerced as a result of this disinformation. To put
16
Jacques Ellul, “Propaganda: The Formation of Men’s Attitudes”. 1965, p. 70-79 17
Jacques Ellul, “Propaganda: The Formation of Men’s Attitudes”. 1965, p. 79-84
9
it another way, they are both dominating and submissive. The target
community or mass.
Based on the explanation above, propaganda is a form of
communication in the form of puns used by a group with the aim of
creating active or passive participation to convey the truth according to
the propagandist's version by using persuasive means to change or
influence opinions, attitudes, and behavior. The target community or
mass. The difference between horizontal and vertical propaganda is
Horizontal propaganda is propaganda that is carried out by a leader or
group to members of an organization or group through face-to-face or
communicating directly by giving an incitement, influencing the
interlocutor, slandering, and vilifying members or leaders and the last,
vertical propaganda carried out by one party to the crowd, top and
down organization and usually relying on the mass media to spread its
messages.
In sum up, the writer will use this theory to find out types of
Propaganda towards African tribes in the Legend of Tarzan’s Film
by David Yates.
E. The Ways to Solve Propaganda
Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann said that there are four ways to
solve propaganda, it can be seen below:18
1. Collaborating
Set aside a time and location where people can chat for a prolonged
period of time without interruptions from outside sources. When they
do meet, each should be given enough time to speak what he or she
believes the other side needs to hear. Allow no one to monopolize the
18
Thomas Kenneth and Ralph Kilmann, Conflict Mode Instrument, (London: Xicom,
1997), p. 61
10
conversation or control the topic. Each participant should express his
or her feelings about the conflicts and the circumstance. Remember,
now is not the time to launch an attack or assign blame. Concentrate on
the problem, not on your assessment of the other person's character.
2. Compromising
It is critical that people pay complete attention to the person speaking.
Do not speak over the other individual. Check to see if the message he
or she plans to deliver is being received. To ensure that everyone
understands, repeat what they have heard. People can ask the other
person to repeat a key idea or rephrase his or her frustrations in a way
that makes sense to them. Understanding should always be the goal of
listening.
3. Accommodating
People should be able to take some positives away from the event
rather than only problems. Bring to light commonality. Give examples
of times when you agree with the other person or can see another point
of view. For example, if two people disagree about new sales
strategies, they may express what they appreciated about the other
person's concept or the incentive to work more for the team. Looking
for agreement displays a willingness to find common ground and
create a relationship based on those trust characteristics.
4. Avoiding
Every conflict need a clear settlement that acknowledges wounded
sentiments and finds a way to begin to mend them. Accept my
apologies. Tell another individual that you truly regret any harmful
words or actions and that you mean it. People must also forgive those
who have wronged them. Agreeing solely for the sake of appearance
11
can result in resentments that develop over time, wiping out any
progress made together.
Based on the explanations above it can be concluded that there are
four ways to solve the propaganda they are Collaborating, Compromising,
Accommodating and Avoiding. The writer will use this theory to find out
the Tarzan solve Propaganda towards African tribe in the Legend of
Tarzan’s Film by David Yates.
F. Previous of Related Research
In this thesis, the writer is the first researcher in English Literature in
the Adab Faculty of University of Islamic State (UIN) Sulthan Thaha
Saifuddin Jambi. The researcher analyzes the propaganda towards African
tribes in the Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates there is three
previous related research.
The First, Ruly Kartika from English and Literature Department
Faculty of Adab and Humanities Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar
with the title “Study of Propaganda In Literature As Revealed In Malala’s
Novel, “I Am Malala”.19
This thesis investigated propaganda through
literature as demonstrated in Malala's novel "I Am Malala." The goal of this
thesis is to examine and characterize the Taliban propaganda, which will go to
any length to win power in Pakistan. The most significant effort they are
making is to disseminate misinformation to the whole community in the
region. Jacques Ellul's propaganda theory is utilized to determine how the
Taliban use propaganda as a tactic, as well as the types and purposes of
propaganda they employ. This research employs a qualitative approach to
describe and explain the phenomena of propaganda. The sociology of literary
approach is being used to relate the social problem in the book to the social
19
Ruly Kartika, “Study of Propaganda In Literature As Revealed In Malala’s Novel, “I Am
Malala” English and Literature Department Faculty of Adab and Humanities Alauddin State
Islamic University Makassar, 2014, p. 4
12
situation in Pakistan at the time the book was published.
In this thesis, the author discovered three types of propaganda as the
Taliban's method for carrying out their acts in the novel; the first is integrating
propaganda, that is propaganda that uses religion as a link because faith is the
strongest ideology for all followers. The second type of propaganda is
horizontal propaganda, which is carried out by a direct interpersonal approach.
The third type of propaganda was vertical propaganda, which uses media as
the primary weapon for persuading the public. These are the three types of
propaganda employed by the Taliban in order to acquire control and impose
an ideology on Pakistani society. However, the writer discovered the goal of
Taliban propaganda, which is to influence the behaviors and expectations of
the particular target. The Taliban demonstrate how hard they work to spread
their propaganda, and also how long a young woman named Malala works to
counter their propaganda.
Second, Erik Harninta Putra from Fakultas Bahasa dan Sastra
Universitas Negeri Semarang with the title “A Communist Propaganda
Towards American Black Society Through Richard Wright’s Native Son”.20
This dissertation This final assignment is a literary study of Native Son by
Richard Wright. A Communist Propaganda Regarding American Black
Community with Richard Wright's Native Son is the subject of this work. This
tale is about Bigger Thomas, an American Black, who unintentionally
murdered Mary Dalton, a white girl, and his lover, Bessie Mears. Jan Erlone
and Boris A. Max, both Communists, then tried to aid Bigger in confronting
the situation. I picked this theme because this work seeks to promote
Communistic ideals to readers, particularly American Blacks who sympathize
with Communism.
20
Erik Harninta Putra, “A Communist Propaganda Towards American Black Society
Through Richard Wright’s Native Son” Fakultas Bahasa dan Sastra Universitas Negeri
Semarang, 2006, p. 6
13
This final assignment will investigate three issues: (1) What kinds
of Communism are depicted in the novel? (2) What is the link between
Communism and African-American society in the United States? (3) Who
is the novel's intended audience? The author investigated using the
qualitative technique. To support this study, the writer gathered data from
the novel's text, collated references from numerous publications on the
subject, and sought material on the internet. The information was in the
form of words, phrases, sentences, and quotations relating to the issue.
This study's analysis took a sociological perspective.
This last project will look into three topics: (1) In the novel, what
types of Communism are depicted? (2) What is the relationship between
Communism and African-American culture in the United States? (3) Who
is the novel's intended readership? The author conducted research utilizing
the qualitative method. To carry out this study, the author collected data
from the novel's text, compiled citations from various publications on the
subject, and searched the internet for content. The data was presented in
the form of words, phrases, sentences, and quotes related to the topic. The
analysis of this study was conducted from a sociological standpoint.
Third, Muti'atul Lutfi from Sunan Ampel Surabaya State Islamic
University, Faculty of Social Science and Political Science, Department of
International Relations, with the subject “Propaganda Tiongkok Terhadap
Amerika Serikat Melalui Film (Analisis Isi Film Wolf Warrior II).” This
dissertation This paper examines how the film Wolf Warrior II depicts
China's stance toward the United States. This study employs a descriptive
qualitative methodology and content analysis research methodologies. In
studying the film, researchers utilized seven strategies to disseminate
audiences: 1) Name Calling; 2) Glittering Generality; 3) Transfers; 4) Plain
Folks; 5) Testimonials; 6) Card Stacking; and 7) Band Wagon. Based on these
tactics, China conveyed its stance toward the US in the film Wolf Warrior II
by displaying inflammatory sequences, visuals, and conversation towards the
14
US. The video aims to show China's presence and influence in the military,
security, and defense sectors. Furthermore, China wishes to demonstrate the
strategic importance of its political and economic connections in Africa to the
United States, and shift its dominance.
According to the explanation above, the same point this research with
them in analyzing propaganda and using qualitative research, but the different
points this research with them is in the case of propaganda where the story of
this research is based on a real story and in this case, the writer discusses the
propaganda carried out by the characters in the film The Legend of Tarzan.
The author thinks that this thesis will be beneficial as a theoretical and
practical resource for learning about propaganda in everyday life, as well
as as a teaching tool for students at the Adab Faculty of Adab and
Humanities UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
15
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. Design of Research
The writer will utilize qualitative research and a descriptive method
that is appropriate for the research's goal when producing this thesis.
Qualitative research is increasingly being employed in the analysis. According
to Bodgan and Taylor, “penelitian kualitatif adalah prosedur penelitian yang
menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis dan dari orang-orang
yang dapat diamati”21
. Qualitative research is a method of gathering
descriptive data in the form of written text and from individuals who may be
observed. It indicates that the qualitative has analytic descriptive
characteristics and produces descriptive data uttered words of the individual or
activity being investigated. According to Nawawi :
“Metode deskriptif dapat diartikan sebagai prosedur pemecahan
masalah yang diselidiki dengan menggambarkan atau melukiskan
keadaan subjek atau objek penelitian (novel, drama, cerita pendek,
puisi) pada saat sekarang berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang tampak atau
sebagaimana adanya.”22
A descriptive approach is a problem-solving technique that entails
describing or expressing the present condition of a subject or research output
(novel, play, short story, poem) depending on visible truths or concepts. This
implies that a descriptive technique may be defined as a problem-solving
strategy that investigates the condition of the topic or item under inquiry.
The qualitative approach will be used to describe the materials since
it examines the nature of things, describes a situation methodically, problem,
phenomena, or gives details about a community's living conditions, or
describes a perspective toward an issue. The data format is specified by
Malcolm Rivers' dissociative identity disorder. As a result, the study explain
21 Margono. “Metodology Penelitian”, (Jakarta : Rineka Cipta, 2007), p. 36
22 Siswantoro. “Metode Penelitian Sastra”, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2010), p. 56
16
in the forms of graphics and wordsThe author will be aware of the measures
that must be taken in order to get the most beneficial research results. The
phases include study design, data and dataframe, data collection strategy, and
data analysis method.
B. Sources of Data
The Source of data in this thesis is the Legend of Tarzan’s Film by
David Yates. The film the Legend of Tarzan was released on 1 July 2016 by
Jerry Weintraub, with a duration of 110 minutes. The writer uses the text and
subtitle. In the process of collecting data, the writer divides the data into
primary data. The primary data is taken from script, words, phrase, sentences,
actions, dialogue between characters, or some quotations that related to
Propaganda towards African tribes in the “the Legend of Tarzan’s Film. The
film was download in Indo XXI while the subtitles were downloaded on 23
October 2019.23
The writer accessed the subtitle from www.subscene.com and
then applied in the Legend of Tarzan’s Film.
C. Technique of Collecting Data
The goal of data collecting is to gather information about the issues.
There are several methods for gathering data, as noted by Catherine Marshall
and Gretchen B Rossman: “the fundamental methods relied on by qualitative
researchers for gathering information are, participation in the setting, direct
observation, in-depth interviewing, document review.”24
It indicates that in
research design, some form of data collection is used, such as participant
observation, direct observation, interviews, and document review. The writer
will utilize documents to gather information and assess the study topic.
“Dokumentasi merupakan catatan peristiwa yang sudah berlalu.
dokumentasi bisa bebentuk tulisan, gambar, atau karya-karya
monumental dari seseorang. Dokumentasi yang berbentuk karya
23
www.subscene.com on 8 September 2019, 10.30, A.M. 24
Miles, M.B., and Huberman, A.M. “Qualitative data analysis”, (Newbury Park CA:
Sage, 1984), p. 309
17
seni, berupa karya misalnya gambar, patung, film dan lain-
lainnya.”25
Documentation is a recording of what happened in the past.
Documentation might take the shape of a person's writing, painting, or
colossal achievements. Documents and in form of works of art, such as
paintings, sculptures, films, and others. It indicates that documentation relates
to how events are recorded in the form of a document, a note, or a stored file.
It is about events or things that happened in the past. Photographs and literary
works by someone are two examples of documentation. Document in the form
of artwork such as images, sculptures films, etc.
The documentation technique is used by the writer to gather data in
this research because, according to the assertion above, documentation might
take the shape of a text, an image, or a literary work. The writer gathers
information from the film The Legend of Tarzan, which is one of the literary
works included in the paper. The writer gathered information through viewing
the film and reading the screenplay. According to Siswantoro there are 3 steps
in collecting the data which are “menyiapkan lembaran pengumpulan data,
menyeleksi data, dan memberi deskripsi”:
1. Preparing data collection sheets after mastering the theory or concept
of literary work the next thing to do is prepare a book or sheet and
don't forget that each sheet is labeled whit category.
2. Selecting data, after that we select the data that has been obtained
may also be reduced or added it. In this research the writer will begin
to collecting the data by analyzing types of propaganda, and how to
solve of propaganda towards African tribe in the “the Legend of
Tarzan’s Film.
25
Ibid., p. 312
18
3. Giving a description, the researcher then gives a description or
information about the data. A description is given in order to sharpen
the accuracy of the data.26
D. Technique of Data Analysis
The writer evaluates the data once it has been collected. Technique
analysis data are utilized in qualitative research to address the formulation of
the problem. Bogdan stated that:
“Analisis data adalah proses mencari dan menyusun secara
sistematis data yang di peroleh dari hasil wawancara, catatan
lapangan, dan bahan-bahan lain, sehingga dapat mudah dipahami,
dan temuannya dapat diinformasikan kepada orang lain.”27
Data analysis is the act of searching and organizing data acquired
through interviews, field notes, and other sources in such a way that it may be
readily understood and findings communicated to others. It indicates that
analyzing data entails searching for data linked to issue formulation by
interviews, field notes, and other resources and then structuring them
methodically so that others may readily understand and be educated.
The writer will employ the descriptive-analytical approach, which
seeks information and depicts a phenomenon in depth. In this study, the author
can obtain data from the movie's emotion, action, or screenplay. Because this
is a scientific study, things must be explained with academic sentences. To
make this study more particular, the writer has taken the following stages in
data analysis:
1. Data Reduction
This approach was described by Miles and Huberman with
the first of three parts of qualitative data analysis. The process of
26
Siswantoro. “Metode Penelitian Sastra Analisis Struktur Puisi”. (Yogyakarta: Pustaka
Pelajar, 2010), p. 74 27
Prastowo, Andi. “Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Perspektif Rancangan Penelitian”.
(Yogyakarta: Ar-ruzz Media, 2011), p. 208
19
choosing, concentrating, simplifying, abstracting, and altering data
that appears in written up field notes or transcriptions is referred to as
data reduction. The writer selects only the most significant data from
all of the data. The writer identified the data which correlates with
propaganda in the Legend of Tarzan’s Film.
2. Data Display
Data presentation, according to Miles and Huberman, is an
ordered, compressed collection of information that allows for
conclusion drawing. A display might be an expanded piece of text, a
diagram, a chart, or a matrix that offers a new method of organizing
and thinking about more textually integrated data. The writer will
create the narrative presentation by extracting data from the image,
action, and dialogue that is relevant to the study topic.
3. Verification
Drawing conclusions entails taking a step back to evaluate
what the studied facts imply and how they relate to the problems at
hand. Verification, which is inextricably related to conclusion
drawing, requires returning to the data as many times as necessary to
cross-check or verify the emergent conclusions. The writer examines,
discusses, and explains the data in the Legend of Tarzan's Film about
many forms of propaganda. After analyzing, describing, and
explaining all of the facts, the writer reached a conclusion based on
the theory and technique outlined above.28
28
Miles, op.cit., p. 220
20
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
A. Analysis
The analysis of this research the writer found that there are two types
of propaganda as reflected in the Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates.
and they are horizontal propaganda and vertical propaganda. The writer also
found that there four ways Tarzan solve propaganda towards African tribe
in the Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates.
1. The Types of Propaganda towards African tribe in the Legend of
Tarzan’s Film by David Yates
The writer found that there are two types of proganda in the film the
Legend of Tarzan by teori Jecs Elul.
a. Horizontal Propaganda
Horizontal propaganda is a type of propaganda that is delivered
directly to the individual. In general, this type of propaganda is the most
effectual. It is generally done in the group membership as opposed to the
group leader.29
It means that this kind of propaganda is usually done directly
by the person between leader to leader.
In this part the writer found that the leader tries to talk with the leader
to the leader, by the Leon Rom inciting tribal chiefs to bring Tarzan to the
Congo. Based on Jecs Elull’s theory about types of propaganda. It can be
seen below:
29
Jacques Ellul, “Propaganda: The Formation of Men’s Attitudes”. 1965, p. 79-84
21
Picture 1
Picture 2
Leader Mbonga : What would you do for them?
Leon Rom : Whatever is necessary.
Leader Mbonga : There is one thing I desire above all else.
Bring it to me.
Bring him to me.
And you shall have your diamonds.30
From the picture and dialog above it can be known that the The
Mbonga leader spoke seriously to Leon Rom to be invited in agreeing.
In that situation, Leon Rom had to bring Tarzan to Mbonga and be able
to take revenge on the incident that had happened to him in the past,
where he lost his son who died tragically in the forest. The more painful
thing that killed Mboga's son was Tarzan. This is the example of the
propaganda horizontal because two leaders commit to doing something,
30
Duration: 00:07:09:>00:07:29
22
which is to kill Tarzan. and this propaganda is carried out between
leaders.
In this part the writer found that the Dr. William tries to talk
with the Tarzan to persuade Tarzan to visit Congo. Based on Jecs
Elull’s theory about types of propaganda. It can be seen below:
Picture 3
Dr.William : I need your invitation to get in.
I'm afraid my intentions aren't exactly.
What I expressed to your government or mine.
Tarzan : And what exactly do you want, Dr. Williams?
Dr. William : Leopold spent the last seven years getting control
of the Congo. He used up his entire fortune
building that railroad of his, then shut off access to
99% of the country.Why? Because he wants to be
the first monarch in historyWho doesn't want
people to see his good deeds?I don't buy it.
Tell me this, Lord Clayton. How does a bankrupt
king keep the whole of the Congo working?
lavery? I hope I'm wrong, but I need to know.
And for the sake of your friends back home, you
do, too. Accept Leopold's invitation and take me
with you. You know Africa off the beaten path.
The languages, the people, the customs. If we find
anything amiss, then I need someone to tell the
world that they'll believe.31
31
Duration: 00:11:17>00:12:27
23
From the quotations above it can be concluded that Doctor
William is very afraid that the bankrupt king of Belgium like that would
rule the Congo (Africa) region. Because he knew that the king's evil
intentions were to rule over the region that produced or (diamonds) in
Congo. Leon Rom just wants to pay off all the king's debt which was
too much to build up the railroad tracks. Then Dr. William persuades
Tarzan to accept King Leopold's invitation to find out all of King
Leopold's plans that are happening in the Congo region.
In this part the writer found that the Mr. Frum tries to talk with
the Leon Rom to influencing to give diamonds to pay his debt. Based
on Jecs Elull’s theory about types of propaganda. It can be seen below:
Picture 4
Picture 5
Mr. Frum : You're in no position to ask for anything, Mr. Rom.
Your king's payment was due three months ago.
Leon Rom : Yes.
Mr. Frum : I manipulated my firm to keep this deal alive.
24
Leon Rom : You agreed because you'll get stinking rich, so don't get
trutty.
Now, you must buy us more time.
Mr.Frum : I already bought all the time.
Leon Rom : Look, it's really very easy.
You sail out to the arriving fleet and tell them payment
must be made in Boma for security reasons.32
From the quotation above Mr. Frum is collecting the debt of the
king of Leon Rom which he has been late paying for the last 3 months.
Mr. Frum is a leader from Belgium who brings soldiers to fight tribes
from Africa. Mr frum is very angry because Leon Rom did not keep his
promise to pay the diamond to Mr. Frum.
Picture 6
Mr.Frum : Opar had better not be a myth.
Bring me the rest, and you'll have your mercenaries.
But if you fail to make good this time, My firm will go to
the Belgian parliament for compensation.
Your king will lose this land, and who do you think he
will blame?
Leon Rom : Leon Rom?33
From the quotation above, Leon Rom gave a diamond to Mr.
Frum as a sign of guarantee that Mr. Frum believed that they would pay
all the debt of the king. Mr. Frum emphasized to Leon Room if Leon
reneged on his promise Mr. Frum would break off the cooperation with
32
Duration: 00:27:19>00:28:24 33
Duration: 00:27:19>00:28:24
25
Leon Rom and leave Leon and he will break the agreement with Leon
Rom.
b. Vertical Propaganda
Vertical propaganda is advertising that mainly uses mass media to
persuade its target audience. This form of propaganda spreads his message
using news media outlets such as papers, television, radio, and many others.
Vertical Propaganda is considered traditional propaganda because it occurs
from the top-down, from the rulers to the people. This means that vertical
propaganda employs mass media to push what occurs from leader to
inferior.
In this part the writer found that the leader tries to talk to the
members, based on Jecs Elull’s theory about types of propaganda. It can be
seen below:
Picture 7
Jim Broadbent : His Serene Highness, King Leopold of Belgium,
has extended an invitation to Lord Greystoke,
To take a royal tour of the Congo Free State to
visit the schools and churches he's built.
to acknowledge the success of his anti-slavery
initiatives and to open trade discussions.
Lord Greystoke, let me explain the Africa
situation.
Hmm…
King Leopold controls the Congo.
He's defaulting on his loans, and needs a business
partner to fill the gap.
26
Your invitation is a perfect opportunity for Her
Majesty's government to get involved.
Consider the jobs we would create for the poor
natives of the Congo.
Dr. William : And I thought the Civil War was long.34
From the quotation above Tarzan is still considering an
invitation from King Leopold who wants Tarzan to go to the Congo
country. However, he did not want to go to Africa because the
temperature in Africa was very hot, it’s very different from the
temperature in England, which was very cold. Tarzan also explained to
Dr. William and also the prime minister that his name was no longer
Tarzan but John Clyton III, son of John and Nyoya Alice Clyton. The
fifth princes of Greystoke, a member of the nobility.
In this part the writer found that the leader Mbonga tries to persuasive
to Leon Rom and make some agreement to bring Tarzan and Leo Rom can
get the diamonds. Based on Jecs Elull’s theory about types of propaganda. It
can be seen below:
Picture 8
34
Duration:00:08:15>00:09:12
27
Picture 9
Picture 10
Captain Moulle : Form your lines. Maxims ready, sir!
Steady.
Wait.
Fire! Fall in!
Stand your ground!
Leon Rom : Chief Mbonga, I presume?
Leader Mbonga : How do you know my name?
Leon Rom : You're the man I came to see.
Leader Mbonga : These are what you came for.
What would you do for them?
Leon Rom : Whatever is necessary.
Leader Mbonga : There is one thing I desire above all else.
Bring it to me.
Bring him to me.
And you shall have your diamonds.35
35
Duration:00:02:46>00:07:29
28
From the quotation above Leon Rom (Christoph Waltz) leads
a mercenary to search for Opar gemstones (diamonds) in the Congo
forest. Congo is a country controlled and controlled by King Leopold of
Belgium. King Leopold was experiencing a financial crisis and was
almost bankrupt, therefore the king sent Leon Rom to go to Congo so
he could exploit his natural wealth, especially the expensive Opar
gemstone (diamond). After Leon Rom and his soldiers arrived in the
Congo region, they fought against one of the tribes in the Congo forest.
All soldiers died and Leon Rom was left alone. A chieftain named
Mbonga (Djimon Hounsou) does not want to kill him and even gives
the Opar gemstone (diamond) he is looking for. But there is a payoff,
namely Leon Rom having to bring Tarzan back to the forest. There is a
grudge covering Mbonga's heart against Tarzan. His son has been killed
by Tarzan. Tarzan is angry because the child has killed his adoptive
mother who is a monkey.
This discovery is backed by Ruly Kartika's studies, which found
three kinds of propaganda as the Taliban's strategy for hauling out their
acts in the novel; the first is assimilation propaganda, which is
propaganda that uses religion as a trestle because religion is the
strongest dogma for all believers. The second form of propaganda is
horizontal propaganda, which is delivered in a direct personal manner.
This discovery is backed by Ruly Kartika's studies, which found three
kinds of propaganda as the Taliban's strategy for hauling out their acts
in the novel; the first is assimilation propaganda, which is propaganda
that uses religion as a trestle because religion is the strongest dogma for
all believers. The second form of propaganda is horizontal propaganda,
which is delivered in a direct personal manner. The third is vertical
29
propaganda that uses mass media as the main tool for influencing the
public.36
2. The Ways Tarzan Solve Propaganda towards African tribe in the
Legend of Tarzan’s Film by David Yates
In this study, the writer found that four ways Tarzan solve
propaganda towards African tribe in the Legend of Tarzan’s film by
David Yates based on Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann theory. They
are Collaborating, Compromising, Accommodating, and Avoiding. It can be
seen below:
a. Collaborating
Collaborating entails scheduling a time and location where
individuals may communicate for a long period of time sans interruptions
from other sources. When they do meet, everyone should be given
enough time to speak something he or she feels the other side needs to
hear. Allow no one to dominate the discussion or manage the topic. Each
person should talk about the disagreements and how he or she feels about
the situation.37
1) Jim Broadbent Talks to Dr. William and Tarzan
In this part Tarzan talks about planing Jim Broadbent and Dr.
William try to talk to Tarzan it will accpet the invitation from King of
Leopold. The invitation has a meaning to go to Kongo District.
36
Ruly Kartika, “Study of Propaganda In Literature As Revealed In Malala’s Novel, “I Am
Malala” English and Literature Department Faculty of Adab and Humanities Alauddin State
Islamic University Makassar, 2014, p. 4 37
Thomas Kenneth and Ralph Kilmann, Conflict Mode Instrument, (London: Xicom,
1997), p. 61
30
Picture 11
Picture 12
Picture 13
Jim Broadbent : King Leopold controls the Congo.
He's defaulting on his loans, and needs a business
partner to fill the gap.
Your invitation is a perfect opportunity for Her
Majesty's government to get involved.
Consider the jobs we would create for the poor
natives of the Congo.
Dr. William : And I thought the Civil War was long
Jim Broadbent : Dr. Williams, you are a guest here.
Dr. William : Prime Minister, if you're not going to say it, allow
me.
You are Tarzan.
31
Lord of the Apes, King of the Jungle.
Me Tarzan, you Jane!
Tarzan! Tarzan.
King Leopold's inviting you because you're a
celebrity.
He wants to show you the schools and churches he
built.
You "ooh" and "ah" in front of the newspapers,
And he's validated by Africa's favorite son.
England pays his debts. We make money.
Ham sandwich. Easy.
Hmm.
So, Your Majesties, can we get this show on the
road?
Tarzan : No.38
From the quotation above, the prime minister was discussing with
Tarzan, Dr. William, and others. They discussed the orders from King
Leopold's envoy, he wanted to invite Tarzan to go to Africa (Kongo) to
see the school and church he built there. Acknowledge its success in
eradicating slavery that occurred in Congo. As well as discussing the
trade that occurs in the Kongo region.
Picture 14
Tarzan : And what exactly do you want, Dr. Williams?
Dr. William : Leopold spent the last seven years getting control
of the Congo. He used up his entire fortune building
38
Duration:00:08:49>00:10:14
32
that railroad of his, and then shut off access to 99%
of the country. Why? Because he wants to be the
first monarch in history who doesn't want people to
see his good deeds? I don't buy it. Tell me this, Lord
Clayton. How does a bankrupt king keep the whole
of the Congo working? Slavery? I hope I'm wrong,
but I need to know and for the sake of your friends
back home, you do, too. Accept Leopold's invitation
and take me with you. You know Africa off the
beaten path. The languages, the people, the customs.
If we find anything amiss, then I need someone to
tell the world that they'll believe.39
From the quotation above that Dr.William told Tarzan about the
brief history of King Leopold who had ruled the Congo region for the last
7 years. Dr. William tells Tarzan that King Leopold spent all his fortune
building Rell Trains and closing 99% of access to Congo. It because King
Leopold wanted to be the first kingdom in history that did not want his
good deeds to be seen. Meanwhile, Dr. William does not believe all the
words of King Leopold. Dr. William told Tarzan, How a bankrupt King
can be run the entire Congo. What happened in Congo was Slavery for
now. But Dr. William wants Tarzan to accept King Leopold’s invitation
and take him to Congo to investigate whether everything King Leopold
has done to the people of the Congo is true or not.
2) Tarzan Talks to his Wife
Picture 15
39
Duration: 00:11:26>00:12:26
33
Tarzan : Jane.
Jane : We know about Keko. She's what, four?
Everyone would have children.
Tarzan : Jane.
Jane : I mean, eight years just feels like a lifetime!
Tarzan : This isn't a holiday.
I can't take you.
Jane : I say zero.40
From the above quotation, Tarzan asked his wife permission to go
to Congo because he has not been there for eight years. But Tarzan did
not want to invite his wife to go with him to Africa (Congo). However,
Tarzan's wife still cries about wanting to come there too. That because his
wife is worried that Tarzan will go there without him.
3) Tarzan Talks to Boma’s People
Picture 16
Wukonseeni : Tarzan, you look funny.
You used to call them hooves
Tarzan : hahaha
Wukonseeni : Where is my American daughter
Jane : Wukonseeni!
Sangonini!
Wukonseeni : Janey 41
From the quotation above, we can see it happened when
Tarzan and his wife arrived at a place in Boma. At the time, they
40
Duration: 00:16:48>00:17:72 41
Duration: 00:28:58>00:29:20
34
were welcomed by the Boma tribal chief and the others. It because
they have not visited there for nine years, because of different
countries with them. Tarzan told of the nature of the visit to help the
tribes in Africa so that they were not controlled by King Leopold
who wanted to take natural resources in Africa, both from diamonds
and slavery.
4) Tarzan Talks to the Mbonga’s Leader
Picture 17
Tarzan : Your son killed the only person who ever
cared about me.
Leader Mbonga : It was an animal.
Tarzan : She was my mother.
Leader Mbonga : How was he to know?
My son was just a boy!
Not like you!
Where was your honor?
Tarzan : I had none.42
From the quotation above, Tarzan is fighting with the
Mbonga chieftain. They fight because there is some reason that
makes Mbonga's heart very angry with Tarzan. He wanted to take
revenge on Tarzan because this Tarzan had killed his only child.
However, Tarzan did it, and he also argued that this child from the
Mbonga tribe also killed Tarzan's foster mother was a (monkey)
when he was still living in the Congo forest as a child. And the fight
42
Duration: 01:24:19>01:24:55
35
was won by Tarzan. Finally, after talking for a long time, Mbonga
told Tarzan all that his son was doing while crying that his son
accidentally killed Tarzan's adoptive mother. Since he was only a
child, he did not know any of it.
b. Compromising
The other choice in solution propaganda is to pay close attention.
People must pay full attention to the individual speaking. Do not speak
over the other person. Check to see if the message he or she wants to send
is being received. To ensure that everyone understands, reiterate what
they have learned. People might ask the client to repeat a key concept or
rephrase his or her complaints in a way that makes sense to them.
Understanding ought to be the goal of listening.43
1) Tarzan Listen Some Suggestions to Safe His Wife
Picture 18
Tarzan : The boat is traveling upstream, which will slow it
down.
We should get to Mbonga's mountain before them
If we take this route through the Mangani lands.
Dr. William : How do you know where they're going?
Boma tribe warriors : This route
It's longer.
But it is where they are building the railroad.
43
Thomas Kenneth and Ralph Kilmann, Conflict Mode Instrument, (London: Xicom,
1997), p. 61
36
We can ride it part of the way.
Tarzan : good.44
From the quotation above Tarzan is planning the route
strategy they will take to pass the land route with the Boma tribe
warriors. So that we can immediately go to the ship that has brought
Tarzan's wife and children from the Boma Tribe. To save them from
Sandraan Leon Rom.
c. Accommodating
People should be able to take some positives away from the
event rather than only problems. Bring out the similarities. Give
instances of occasions when you concur with the other individual or
can see other side of the argument. For instance, if two individuals
disagree about emerging sales tactics, they may explain what they
liked about the other person's idea or the desire to work more for the
group. Looking for consensus indicates a willingness to find
common ground and establish a relationship based on those trust
components.45
1) Dr. William Asked The Tarzan to The Africa
Picture 19
44
Duration: 00:43:52>00:44:10 45
Thomas Kenneth and Ralph Kilmann, Conflict Mode Instrument, (London: Xicom,
1997), p. 61
37
Picture 20
Dr. William : Accept Leopold's invitation and take me
with you.
You know Africa off the beaten path.
The languages, the people, the customs.
If we find anything amiss,
Then I need someone to tell the world that
they'll believe.46
From the quotation above, Dr. William tells all about king
Leopold to Tarzan who has ruled the Congo region for 7 years. He
knew that King Leopold's intention was only to enslave the people
there and control the area where there was a diamond mine. Dr.
William is suspicious about all the plans of King Leopold's envoys
inviting Tarzan to go to Congo. So Dr. William persuaded Tarzan to
accept King Leopold's invitation and take him with him to Congo to
investigate everything that happened there.
d. Avoiding
Every disagreement requires a clear resolution that recognizes
hurt feelings and figures out a way to start to repair them. Tell
another person if you truly regret any harmful words or actions and
that you meant it. People still must forgive those who have wronged
46
Duration: 00:12:12>00:12:26
38
them. Agreeing only for the sake of looks can lead to resentments
that fester over time, destroying any progress gained together.47
1) The Leader of Mbonga Knows The Right Things
Picture 21
Picture 22
Picture 23
47
Thomas Kenneth and Ralph Kilmann, Conflict Mode Instrument, (London: Xicom,
1997), p. 61
39
Tarzan : I had none.
I had none.
Dr. William : Can we please just stop this?
Tarzan : We won't get all of you, or you us.
But Rom will.
Dr. William : He'll wipe you out.
Every last one of you.
Like you never even existed.
You think that's impossible?
You're looking at a man that's seen it happen.48
From the quotation above after the fight between Tarzan and the
Mbonga tribe was over, Tarzan told the Mbonga chief he just wanted this
fight to end with peace and to forgive each other. Likewise, Dr. William
told the chief of the Mbonga tribe so that this fight could be stopped.
What made them fight was Leon Rom, he pitted Tarzan against the head
of the Mbonga Tribe to control all the diamond mining in an area of the
Mbonga Tribe.
48
Duration: 01:24:55>01:26:00
40
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
A. Conclusion
After analyzed the data of propaganda towards African tribe in The
Legend of Tarzan’s film by David Yates the writer made the following results:
1. There are two types of propaganda towards African tribes in the Legend
of Tarzan’s film by David Yates, they are Horizontal Propaganda and
Vertical Propaganda, in horizontal propaganda, the leader talks to the
leaders such as the leader of Bonga talks to Leon Room if the Leon
Room wants to get the diamond he has to bring the Tarzan to Bonga
and also Mr. Frum talks to the king of Leon Rom which they have
agreed to get the diamond. In vertical propaganda, Tarzan also
explained to Dr. William and also the prime minister that his name was
no longer Tarzan but John Clyton III, son of John and Nyoya Alice
Clyton. The fifth prince of Greystoke, a member of the nobility.
2. There are four ways Tarzan solves propaganda towards the African
tribe in the Legend of Tarzan’s film by David Yates, they are
collaborating (Tarzan talks to Dr. William, Tarzan talks to his wife,
Tarzan talks to Boma’s people, Tarzan talks to the Mbonga’s leader),
compromising (Tarzan listen some suggestions to save his wife),
accommodating (Dr. William asked the Tarzan to Africa), avoiding
(The leader of Mbonga knows the right things).
B. Suggestion
The writer suggests to the people to make peace in the world, and do
not make terrible in the world. This research only explores propaganda in
general and does not focus on a particular study. Thus, there are still many
aspects that can be analyzed. Eventually, the researcher hopes that this research
41
can be useful for the students of State Islamic University of Sulthan Thaha
Saifuddin Jambi and other researchers as a reference to further study of
propaganda.For the next researcher, they can analyse one of the propaganda to
make the reseach more spesific horizontal or vertical.
REFERENCES
Al-Qur’an Qordoba. (2019). Bandung: PT. Cordoba Internasional Indonesia.
Andi, Prastowo. (2011). “Metode Penelitian Kualitatif dalam Perspektif
Rancangan Penelitian”. Yogyakarta: Ar-ruzz Media.
Djoko. Damono. Sapardi. (1984). “Sociology: Sebuah Pengantar Ringkas”.
(Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen P&K).
Ellul, Jecques. (1965). Propaganda: “The Formation of Men’s Attitudes”. Trans.
Konrad Kelen & Jean Lerner. New York: Vintage Books Edition.
Gramsci, Antonio. (1971). “Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio
Gramsci”. Q. Hoare & G. N. Smith, eds. & trans. London: Lawrence and
Wishart.
Kartika, Ruly. (2014). “Study Of Propaganda In Literature As Revealed In
Malala’s Novel, “I Am Malala” English and Literature Department
Faculty of Adab and Humanities Alauddin State Islamic University
Makassar.
Khattab, Mustafa. The Noble Quran (The Noble Quran, The Clear Quran, The
Holy Quran, Al -Quran). Retrieved from https://quran.com/68 accessed on
April 22nd
2021 on 14.01 pm
Lutfi, Muti’atul. (2009). “Propaganda Tiongkok Terhadap Amerika Serikat
Melalui Film (Aanalisis Isi Film Wolf Warrior II)”. Universitas Islam
Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik
Program Studi Hubungan Internasional.
Margono. (2007). “Metodology Penelitian”. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta.
Malesevic, Sinisa. (2010). “The Sociology of War and Violence”. Cambridge
University Press. United States of America.
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Park CA: Sage.
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Sastra”. (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar).
Rene, Wellek. and Austin, Warren. (1981). “Theory of Literature”. (New York:
Harcourt Brace Javonovich).
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Swingewood, Alan. and Laurenso, Diana. (1972). “The Sociology of Literature”.
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Villarejo, Amy. (2007). “Film Studies the Basic”, London: Routledge.
http://review-filmku.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-legend-of-tarzan.html, acessed on
23 June 2021
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0918940/awards. The Legend of Tarzan, Awards,
2016.
www.subscene.com on 8 September 2019, 10.30, A.M.
APPENDIX I
THE DATA OF TYPES PROPAGANDA
1. Horizontal Propaganda
No. DATA DIALOGUE
DURATION
1.
Picture 1
Picture 2
Leader Mbonga : What would
you do for them?
Leon Rom: Whatever is necessary.
Leader Mbonga : There is one
thing I desire above all else.
Bring it to me.
Bring him to me.
And you shall have your diamonds.
Duration: 00:07:11:>00:07:29
2.
Picture 3
Dr.William : I need your
invitation to get in.
I'm afraid my intentions aren't
exactly.
What I expressed to your
government or mine.
Tarzan :And what exactly do you
want, Dr. Williams?
Dr. William : Leopold spent the last
seven years getting control of the
Congo. He used up his entire fortune
building that railroad of his, then
shut off access to 99% of the
country.Why? Because he wants to
be the first monarch in historyWho
doesn't want people to see his good
deeds?I don't buy it.
Tell me this, Lord Clayton. How
does a bankrupt king keep the whole
of the Congo working? lavery? I
hope I'm wrong, but I need to know.
And for the sake of your friends back
home, you do, too. Accept Leopold's
invitation and take me with you. You
know Africa off the beaten path. The
languages, the people, the customs.
If we find anything amiss, then I
need someone to tell the world that
they'll believe.
Duration: 00:11:17>00:12:27
3.
Picture 4
Picture 5
Mr. Frum : You're in no position to
ask for anything, Mr. Rom.
Your king's payment was due three
months ago.
Leon Rom : Yes.
Mr. Frum : I manipulated my firm
to keep this deal alive.
Leon Rom : You agreed because
you'll get stinking rich, so don't get
trutty. Now, you must buy us more
time.
Mr.Frum : I already bought all the
time.
Leon Rom : Look, it's really very
easy.
You sail out to the arriving fleet and
tell them payment must be made in
Boma for security reasons.
Mr.Frum : Opar had better not be a
myth.
Bring me the rest, and you'll have
your mercenaries.
But if you fail to make good this
time, My firm will go to the Belgian
parliament for compensation.
Your king will lose this land, and
who do you think he will blame?
Leon Rom : Leon Rom?
Picture 6
Duration: 00:27:19>00:28:24
2. Vertical Propaganda
No. DATA DIALOGUE
DURATION
1.
Picture 7
Jim Broadbent: His Serene
Highness, King Leopold of Belgium,
has extended an invitation to Lord
Greystoke,
To take a royal tour of the Congo
Free State to visit the schools and
churches he's built.
to acknowledge the success of his
anti-slavery initiatives and to open
trade discussions.
Lord Greystoke, let me explain the
Africa situation.
Hmm…
King Leopold controls the Congo.
He's defaulting on his loans, and
needs a business partner to fill the
gap.
Your invitation is a perfect
opportunity for Her Majesty's
government to get involved.
Consider the jobs we would create
for the poor natives of the Congo.
Dr. William : And I thought the
Civil War was long
Duration:00:08:15>00:09:12
2.
Picture 8
Picture 9
Picture 10
Captain Moulle : Form your lines.
Maxims ready, sir!
Steady.
Wait.
Fire! Fall in!
Stand your ground!
Leon Rom : Chief Mbonga, I
presume?
Leader Mbonga: How do you know
my name?
Leon Rom : You're the man I came
to see.
Leader Mbonga: These are what
you came for.
What would you do for them?
Leon Rom : Whatever is necessary.
Leader Mbonga : There is one thing
I desire above all else.
Bring it to me.
Bring him to me.
And you shall have your diamonds.
Duration:00:02:46>00:07:29
THE WAY TO SOLVES OF PROPAGANDA
No
. DATA
DIALOGUE
DURATION
SOLVES OF
PROPAGANDA
1.
Picture 11
Picture 12
Picture 13
Jim Broadbent: King
Leopold controls the
Congo.
He's defaulting on his
loans, and needs a
busines partner to fill
the gap.
Your invitation is a
perfect opportunity for
Her Majesty's
government to get
involved.
Consider the jobs we
would create for the
poor naives of the
Congo.
Dr. William: And I
thought the Civil War
was long
Jim Broadbent: Dr.
Williams, you are a
guest here.
Dr. William: Prime
Minister, if you're not
going to say it, allow
me.
You are Tarzan.
Lord of the Apes, King
of the Junge.
Me Tarzan, you Jane!
Tarzan! Tarzan.
King Leopold's inviting
you because you're a
celebrity.
He wants to show you
the schools and
churches he built.
You "ooh" and "ah" in
front of the
newspapers, And he's
validated by Africa's
COLLABORATIO
NS
Picture 14
favorite so.
England pays his debts.
We make money.
Ham sandwich. Easy.
Hmm.
So, Your Majesties,
can we get this show
on the road?
Tarzan: No.
Duration:00:08:49>00:10:
14
Tarzan: And what
exactly do you want,
Dr. Williams?
Dr. William: Leopold
spent the last seven
years getting control
of the Congo. He used
up his entire fortune
building that railroad
of his, and then shut
off access to 99% of
the country. Why?
Because he wants to be
the first monarch in
history who doesn't
want people to see his
good deeds? I don't
buy it. Tell me this,
Lord Clayton. How
does a bankrupt king
keep the whole of the
Congo working?
Slavery? I hope I'm
wrong, but I need to
know and for the sake
of your friends back
home, you do, too.
Accept Leopold's
invitation and take me
with you. You know
Africa off the beaten
Picture 15
Picture 16
path. The languages,
the people, the
customs. If we find
anything amiss, then I
need someone to tell
the world that they'll
believe.
Duration:
00:11:26>00:12:26
Tarzan : Jane.
Jane : We know
about Keko. She's
what, four?
Everyone would have
children.
Tarzan: Jane.
Jane : I mean, eight
years just feels like a
lifetime!
Tarzan:This isn't a
holiday.
can't take you.
Jane: I say zero.
Duration:
00:16:48>00:17:72
Wukonseeni :
Tarzan, you look
funny.you used to call
them hooves
Tarzan : hahaha
Wukonseeni : Where
is my American
daughter
Jane : Wukonseeni!
Sangonini!
Wukonseeni : Janey.
Duration:
00:28:58>00:29:20
Picture 17
Tarzan : Your son
killed the only person
who ever cared about
me.
Leader Mbonga: It
was an animal.
Tarzan: She was my
mother.
Leader Mbonga: How
was he to know?
My son was just a boy!
Not like you!
Where was your
honor?
Tarzan: I had none.
Duration:
01:24:19>01:24:55
2.
Picture 18
Tarzan: The boat is
traveling upstream,
which will slow it
down.
We should get to
Mbonga's mountain
before them If we take
this route through the
Mangani lands.
Dr. William: How do
you know where
they're going?
Boma tribe warriors :
This route
It's longer.
But it is where they are
building the railroad.
We can ride it part of
the way.
Tarzan: good.
Duration:
00:43:52>00:44:10
COMPROMISING
3.
Picture 19
Picture 20
Dr. William: Accept
Leopold's invitation
and take me with you.
You know Africa off
the beaten path.
The languages, the
people, the customs.
If we find anything
amiss, Then I need
someone to tell the
world that they'll
believe.
Duration:
00:12:12>00:12:26
ACCOMMODATIN
G
4.
Picture 21
Tarzan: I had none.
I had none.
Dr. William: Can we
please just stop this?
Tarzan : We won't get
all of you, or you us.
But Rom will.
Dr. William : He'll
wipe you out.
Every last one of you.
Like you never even
existed.You think that's
impossible?
You're looking at a
man that's seen it
happen.
AVOIDING
Picture 22
Picture 23
Duration:
01:24:55>01:26:00
*) The first twenty-three all data in the table are the analyzed data in Chapter IV.
APPENDIX II
The Legend of Tarzan
This film tells the story of a time when Tarzan was alive and living in the
city, not in the forest. The film's scene opens with Leon Rom (Christoph Waltz)
leading mercenaries in search of the Opar gemstone in the Congo jungle. Congo is
a country controlled and ruled by King Leopold of Belgium. King Leopold was
going through a financial crisis and almost went bankrupt for it sent Leon Rom to
the Congo to exploit its natural wealth, especially the expensive diamond Opar..
Rom and his army are fighting against one of the tribes in the forest. The
whole army died and left Rom alone. The tribal chief named Mbonga (Djimon
Hounsou) does not want to kill him and even gives him the diamond Opar. he is
looking for. But there is a reward, namely, Rom must bring Tarzan back to the
forest. Apparently, there is a grudge that covers Mbonga's heart towards Tarzan.
His son had been killed by Tarzan. Tarzan was angry because the boy had killed
his mother who was a monkey.49
Tarzan (Alexander Skarsgard) since moving to the city is better known as
John Clayton who lives like a normal human being in a noble suit because he
inherited the wealth of his deceased parents. He lived happily with Jane, his wife
he knew from his time in the forest.
One day Tarzan was persuaded by an envoy of King Leopold to visit the
Congo under the pretext of building Congolese society. But Tarzan refused.
William (Samuel L Jackson) envoy from America is suspicious of this king
Leopold's messenger who has a hidden purpose and reveals it to Tarzan. Finally,
Tarzan agrees to go to the Congo accompanied by William to prove America's
suspicions.
Tarzan, William, and Jane (Margot Robbie) travel to Congo by road. In the
end, they arrived in Congo and lived in a tribe where Jane had once lived. At night
49
http://review-filmku.blogspot.com/2016/07/the-legend-of-tarzan.html, acessed on 23
June 2021.
Rom and his army attacked the tribe. Tarzan was successfully tied up and fell into
a ravine while Jane was kidnapped with the tribal youths to become slaves. The
chief is killed and William saves Tarzan but can't do much because he is
outnumbered.
Tarzan and William are accompanied by several men after Rom to free
Jane and the tribal youth. They were successfully freed from the train but Jane
was not among them. Tarzan and William continue their pursuit of Ron using the
ship. On the way, Jane managed to escape from the ship and hide in the forest.
While hiding Jane met a herd of monkeys and saluted so as not to be attacked.
Unfortunately, Ron found Jane in such a condition and did not want to respect the
monkeys. One of the soldiers even shot a monkey so that a fight with a group of
monkeys ensued. Tarzan arrived late and Jane was taken away but Tarzan was
able to save the monkey who was his adopted sister.
Jane is taken to the Mbonga tribe and held hostage. Tarzan followed there
and there was an exciting battle. In the end, there was a duel between Tarzan and
the chief of the Mbonga tribe. Tarzan manages to put a knife in Mbonga's neck
and says that this fight must be stopped because Rom wants to destroy everything
in Congo including the two of them. The monkeys also came and faced the tribe
members ready to fight. The decision rests with Mbonga and in the end, they did
not continue the fight. Unfortunately, Rom managed to escape and took Jane.
Rom will msake payments to someone who provides mercenaries at the
port. Tarzan chased after them and mobilized the bulls and tigers to destroy and
disrupt the soldiers who were there. This strategy worked. Jane can be saved.
There was a duel between Tarzan and Rom which was won by Tarzan.
Tarzan and Jane remain in the forest. After about a year, Jane finally gave
birth to a baby. Then William,s who already had evidence of Rom's actions on
behalf of King Leopold, reported to the council of congress. Furthermore,
Williams is known as George Washington William is said to be the first President
of the United States.
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP
A. Informasi Diri
Nama : M. Nabil
Jenis Kelamin : Laki-Laki
Tempat & Tgl. Lahir : 30 April 1998
NIM : AI.160793
Alamat : Pelawan
No. Telp/HP : 085269475680
Email : [email protected]
Nama Ayah : Ahmat Jaiz
Nama Ibu : Khuzaipah
B. Riwayat Pendidikan
a. SD Negeri 13 Pasar Pelawan : Tahun 2004-2010
b. MTS Simpang Bukit : Tahun 2010-2013
c. SMK Negeri 7 Sarolangun : Tahun 2013-2016
Moto Hidup: “Never try Never Know”
