Properties of

Matter Part 2

Catalyst…

1. Compare Elements and Compounds. Give an example of each.

Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means. Compounds are made of 2 or more elements chemically combined. Hydrogen is an element. H2O is a compound.

2. List the States of Matter (SOM) in order of compressibility (highest to lowest).

Gas, Liquid, Solid

By the End of Class Today…

You will be able to…

Identify all 5 states of matter in order of particle speed

Define Heat and explain how heat moves.

Identify the 3 temperature scales.

Cite examples of the 3 types of heat transfer.

Compare and Contrast endothermic and exothermic heat transfer.

Plasma – the 4th State

Plasmas are a lot like gases, however the

atoms are different.

Plasmas are made up of free electrons

and ions.

Think of Plasmas as an ionized (positively

or negatively charged) gas.

Examples of Plasma on the

Earth…

Lightning Striking the Earth

Northern Lights

Stars are balls of gas

at really high

temperatures. These

temperatures heat up

the atoms and create

plasma.

Synthetic (Man-Made)

Plasmas

Fluorescent light bulbs

contain gas. When the

gas is heated by

electricity, a “plasma”

is created.

Neon signs contain

gases (like Neon) that

glow when heated.

99% of the KNOWN universe is made of plasma!

Plasma TV’s heat

gases behind the

screen that mimic

plasma.

Bose Einstein Condensate

(BEC) – the 5th State

The BEC was discovered in 1955 by

Cornell and Weiman.

However, the BEC was predicted in the

1920’s, but Bose and Einstein…they knew

it COULD exist, but lacked the technology

to prove it.

BEC is based on condensation.

BEC’s are the EXACT opposite of plasmas.

How it works…

Condensation happens as gas particle get closer and closer and form a liquid.

This involves a LOSS of energy.

BEC happens at SUPER LOW temperatures.

Absolute Zero (ZERO KELVIN)is the point at which ALL matter ceases to move.

BEC develop as particles approach Absolute Zero.

A Little More…

As particles begin to form the BEC, they

lose ALL their properties and clump. As the

temperature continues to approach

Absolute Zero the particles collapse and

form a BLOB.

BEC’s are only possible with a small group

of elements.

Rubidium is the best example.

Who’s the Fastest??

From FASTEST

to SLOWEST…

PLASMA

GAS

LIQUID

SOLID

BEC

Some Like it Hot

The study of heat is called Thermodynamics!

Heat can do ANYTHING

Move from place to place

Make particles move faster

Increase energy

Heat IS energy!

When you increase HEAT, you are increasing the ENERGY!!

More on Heat…

Heat moves because of differences in

temperature.

If temperatures are identical – there is no

flow of heat/energy.

Heat moves from areas of HIGH

concentration (HIGH HEAT/ENERGY) to

areas of LOW concentration (LOW

HEAT/ENERGY).

Heat Transfer…3 types…

Convection:

Heat transfer

by movement

of matter.

Examples:

circular

movement as

soup cooks in

a pan; a

convection

oven;

convection

currents in the

mantle of the

Earth.

Conduction: Heat transfer by DIRECT

CONTACT. Examples: touching a hot pot;

holding a ice cube in your hand; walking

barefoot on hot pavement.

Radiation: Heat transfer by

electromagnetic waves (light).

Examples: Heat you can FEEL;

Fire; Sun on your face; radio

waves; gamma rays, etc.

Conductors vs. Insulators

Conductors help

MOVE energy.

Insulators PREVENT

energy from

moving.

Temperature…

Temperature is a measure of how fast

particles are moving NOT of how hot or

cold something may be!

There are 3 Temperature Scales.

Temperature Scales

Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin

Water Boils 2120F 1000C 373K

Water Freezes 320F 00C 273K

Absolute Zero -4500F -2730C 0K

How Does Energy Move??

Endothermic – energy is added or taken

in

Exothermic – energy is given off or

removed

Ice Melting =

Endothermic

Fire = Exothermic

Let’s Compare!

ADDING

ENERGY =

ENDOTHERMIC

REMOVING

ENERGY =

EXOTHERMIC

FUN FACT!!

The Melting Point

and Freezing Point

of a Solid are the

SAME!!!

FUN FACT!!

Evaporation and

Condensation are

EXACT opposites!

FUN FACT!!

Sublimation and

Deposition are

OPPOSITES!

Let’s Play!!!

Boards UP!

Question #1

List the 5 SOM in order of particle speed

(fastest to slowest).

Plasma, Gas, Liquid, Solid, BEC

Question #2

Give 2 examples of plasmas (1 - naturally

occurring and 1- synthetic)

Naturally occurring – Northern Lights,

Lightning, Stars

Synthetic – Fluorescent light bulbs, Neon

signs, Plasma TV’s

Question #3

At what temperature does the BEC take

place on the Kelvin Scale?

ZERO Kelvin (approaching Absolute Zero)

Question #4

How does heat move?

From areas of high concentration to low

concentration (hot to cold).

Question #5

What type of heat transfer occurs by

direct contact?

Conduction

Question #6

Which of the following options is true?

A. Melting and Freezing occur at the same

temperature.

B. Evaporation and condensation are the

exact same process.

C. Sublimation and Deposition are the

same process.

A. is CORRECT!

Question #7

What are the 2 ways energy can move?

Endothermic and Exothermic

Question #8

What is the boiling point on ALL 3

temperature scales?

2120F

1000C

373K

Question #9

Define Temperature.

A measure of how fast or slow particles

are moving.

Question #10

Compare conductors and insulators and

give an example of each.

Conductors help move energy/heat.

Example: cookie sheet; copper wire

Insulators prevent energy/heat from

moving. Example: oven mitts; flannel shirt

Complete your 5 Question Wrap

Up for Homework!

You will have a 10/10 Quiz on

______________…10 Questions in 10 Minutes