Properties Properties

of of MatterMatter

Shonda Wooden Donna Polite

Manjot ChoudharyNatasha Derden

Mary Irvin

Summer Science Institute- ChemistryJuly 2009

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE Students will identify the characteristics of a solid, Students will identify the characteristics of a solid,

liquid, and a gas in order to investigate the physical liquid, and a gas in order to investigate the physical properties of matter.properties of matter.

Students will identify physical properties and Students will identify physical properties and changes and chemical properties and changes in changes and chemical properties and changes in order to investigate the properties of matter.order to investigate the properties of matter.

Students will explain what happens to a substance Students will explain what happens to a substance during changes from a liquid to a solid in order to during changes from a liquid to a solid in order to investigate investigate the properties of an “Oobleck.” the properties of an “Oobleck.”

ENGAGEMENTENGAGEMENT1.1. Do liquids have a shape of their own? Do liquids have a shape of their own?

If not, what shape do liquids take?If not, what shape do liquids take?

2. SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, GASES2. SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, GASES

a)a) Which is the most difficult to handle?Which is the most difficult to handle?

b)b) Which is the easiest to handle? Which is the easiest to handle?

3. Explain both of your answers in detail.3. Explain both of your answers in detail.

4. Create a KWL Chart for “Properties of Matter” and complete the “K” column 4. Create a KWL Chart for “Properties of Matter” and complete the “K” column for what you already know.for what you already know.

WARM-UP

EXPLORATIONEXPLORATION

Show 100 mL of water in the 3 states of matter: Show 100 mL of water in the 3 states of matter:

a) frozen (freeze a cup of water overnight a) frozen (freeze a cup of water overnight to show the freezing point of the to show the freezing point of the solidsolid))

b) room temperature (water from the b) room temperature (water from the faucet to identify the faucet to identify the liquidliquid state) state)

c) boiled (boil water over a hot plate to c) boiled (boil water over a hot plate to show the boiling point of a show the boiling point of a gasgas))

PART I: Teacher Demo

EXPLORATIONEXPLORATION

Prior to viewing the video, students will Prior to viewing the video, students will answer the following questions:answer the following questions:

1.1. If you place an ice cube in the freezer, will it If you place an ice cube in the freezer, will it melt?melt?

2.2. If you add salt to water before placing it in the If you add salt to water before placing it in the freezer, will it freeze?freezer, will it freeze?

3.3. If you leave ice on the counter, will it melt?If you leave ice on the counter, will it melt?

4.4. If you put ice in hot water, will it melt?If you put ice in hot water, will it melt?

PART II: United Streaming Video

EXPLORATIONEXPLORATION

Title of the Video: Title of the Video: Real World Science: Matter: Solids, Real World Science: Matter: Solids,

Liquids, and Gases Liquids, and Gases

Time Period for the Video: 13.24 minutesTime Period for the Video: 13.24 minutes

Website location of the Video: Website location of the Video: www.unitedstreaming.com

PART II: United Streaming Video

EXPLANATIONEXPLANATION2.2. After reading in small groups:After reading in small groups:

Students will summarize the details of the text through a class Students will summarize the details of the text through a class discussion with the teacher. discussion with the teacher.

As the teacher ask questions describing the states of matter, As the teacher ask questions describing the states of matter, students will identify the state by holding up the correct “matter students will identify the state by holding up the correct “matter models” (Petri dishes that contain marbles that represent the models” (Petri dishes that contain marbles that represent the particles of either a solid, liquid, or gas). particles of either a solid, liquid, or gas).

Following the questions, students will draw the models of the Following the questions, students will draw the models of the three Petri dishes used to identify the states of matter and three Petri dishes used to identify the states of matter and choose and object or substance to sketch as an example. choose and object or substance to sketch as an example.

Physical Properties of Physical Properties of MatterMatter

any property that can be observed without any property that can be observed without transforming the substance into another transforming the substance into another substance States of Mattersubstance States of Matter

Physical PropertiesPhysical PropertiesWhat are some physical properties? color melting and boiling point odor mass, color, freezing pointmass, color, freezing point

Physical ChangesPhysical Changes

A change that does not A change that does not transform the substance into transform the substance into another substance another substance

Some physical changes would be:

boiling melting subliming dissolving NaCl into water

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties

any property that cannot be studied any property that cannot be studied without transforming the substance into a without transforming the substance into a different substancedifferent substance

iron rusts, paper burnsiron rusts, paper burns

Chemical ChangesChemical Changes

Chemical changeChemical change — — change that change that transforms one substance into transforms one substance into another substanceanother substance

Example- Burning hydrogen (HExample- Burning hydrogen (H22) )

in oxygen (Oin oxygen (O22) gives H) gives H22O.O.

Sure Signs of a Sure Signs of a Chemical ChangeChemical Change Heat Light Gas Produced (not

from boiling!) Precipitate – a solid

formed by mixing two liquids together

Burning Oxidation of metal,

ex. rusting http://jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/JCESoft/CCA/CCA0/MOVIES/S1047.MOV

Physical or Chemical?Physical or Chemical?

Examples:Examples:

melting pointmelting point

flammableflammable

densitydensity

magneticmagnetic

tarnishes in airtarnishes in air

physical

chemical

physical

physical

chemical

Physical vs. ChemicalPhysical vs. Chemical

Examples:Examples:

rusting iron?rusting iron?

dissolving in water?dissolving in water?

burning a log?burning a log?

melting ice?melting ice?

grinding spices?grinding spices?

chopping a log in half?chopping a log in half?

Most Common Most Common States (or Phases) of States (or Phases) of MatterMattera) solid (definite shape and volume)a) solid (definite shape and volume)

b) liquid (definite volume, no definite b) liquid (definite volume, no definite shape)shape)

c) gas (no definite shape or volume)c) gas (no definite shape or volume)

d) plasma (found in lightening bolts & neon signs) d) plasma (found in lightening bolts & neon signs)

SolidsSolids

Key Concept:Key Concept: The The fixed, closely packed fixed, closely packed arrangement of particlesarrangement of particles causes a solid to causes a solid to have a have a definite shape and volumedefinite shape and volume

A A solidsolid is a kind of matter that has a fixed is a kind of matter that has a fixed shape and a fixed volumeshape and a fixed volume. Your pencil is . Your pencil is a solid. The shape and volume of your a solid. The shape and volume of your pencil will not change if you move the pencil will not change if you move the pencil from place to place.pencil from place to place.

The The different elements and compounds different elements and compounds that make up matterthat make up matter can be called can be called particlesparticles. . The particles of a solid are The particles of a solid are packed closely togetherpacked closely together..

The The particlesparticles of a solid of a solid cannot move from cannot move from their spottheir spot within the solid. However, the within the solid. However, the particles particles can move slightly back and forthcan move slightly back and forth in place.in place.

What a solid looks like at What a solid looks like at particle formparticle form

Questions!!!Questions!!!

1.1. Is the following sentence true or false? Is the following sentence true or false? The particles that make up a solid do The particles that make up a solid do not move at all. not move at all. ______________________________________

Answer: False, particles do move slightly Answer: False, particles do move slightly from side to side.from side to side.

2. The picture shows two containers with 2. The picture shows two containers with particles of a kind of matter in each. particles of a kind of matter in each. Circle the letter of the container that Circle the letter of the container that shows how the particles of a solid are shows how the particles of a solid are arranged.arranged.

AB

LiquidsLiquids

Key Concept:Key Concept: Because its Because its particles are free to particles are free to move, move, a liquid has a liquid has no definite shapeno definite shape.. However, However, a liquid does have a a liquid does have a definite definite volumevolume..

A A liquidliquid is is a kind of matter that has a fixed a kind of matter that has a fixed volumevolume. However, the . However, the shape of a liquid shape of a liquid changes with the shape of its container.changes with the shape of its container.

Water is a liquid. As you pour water from Water is a liquid. As you pour water from one cup to another, the shape of the water one cup to another, the shape of the water changes to match the shape of the cup. changes to match the shape of the cup. The volume of the water stays the same.The volume of the water stays the same.

The particles of a liquid are packed closely The particles of a liquid are packed closely together. However, these particles can together. However, these particles can move away from their spots.move away from their spots.

What a Liquid looks like What a Liquid looks like at the particle levelat the particle level

QuestionsQuestions3. What are the characteristics of a liquid?3. What are the characteristics of a liquid?

Because its particles are free to move, a liquid has no definite shape, but it does have a definite volume.

4. volume shape particles4. volume shape particles

a.a. A liquid changes ________________ A liquid changes ________________ depending on the liquid’s container.depending on the liquid’s container.

Answer: shapeAnswer: shape

b. A liquid has the same _____________ b. A liquid has the same _____________ no matter what container the liquid is in. no matter what container the liquid is in.

Answer: volume Answer: volume

GasesGasesKey Concept:Key Concept: As they move, gas As they move, gas particles particles

spread apart, filling all the space availablespread apart, filling all the space available. . Thus, a gas has Thus, a gas has neither definite shape neither definite shape nor definite volume.nor definite volume.

A A gasgas is a kind of matter that easily is a kind of matter that easily changes volume and changes volume and shapeshape..

Air is a gasAir is a gas. When you blow air into a . When you blow air into a balloon, the air takes the shape of the balloon, the air takes the shape of the balloon. When you let the air out of the balloon. When you let the air out of the balloon, the particles spread out into the balloon, the particles spread out into the room.room.

Gas particles can Gas particles can move around freelymove around freely. . Gas particles can Gas particles can either spread apart or either spread apart or be squeezed together.be squeezed together.

What a gas looks like at What a gas looks like at the particle levelthe particle level

Comparing States of Comparing States of MatterMatter

Definite Definite

VolumeVolume

DefiniteDefinite

ShapeShape

SolidSolid YesYes YesYesLiquidLiquid YesYes NoNoGasGas NoNo NoNo

QuestionQuestion

5.5. Which is a gas?Which is a gas?a. fruit juicea. fruit juiceb. airb. airc. booksc. books

Answer: b. airAnswer: b. air

6.6. Is the following sentence true or false? Is the following sentence true or false? Gas particles can move around freely. Gas particles can move around freely.

Answer: TRUEAnswer: TRUE

ELABORATEELABORATE ““OobleckOobleck””

See handout for lab objectives, materials, and procedure.See handout for lab objectives, materials, and procedure.

Pre-LAB: complete thePre-LAB: complete the “ “What Is Oobleck?” pre-lab activity and develop a hypothesis.What Is Oobleck?” pre-lab activity and develop a hypothesis.

During the lab, complete the lab write-up in your groups. (HINT… During the lab, complete the lab write-up in your groups. (HINT… First group to First group to completecomplete the lab, will receive a reward.) the lab, will receive a reward.)

Following the lab, you will:Following the lab, you will:a) complete Reading About Properties and a) complete Reading About Properties and Changes HandoutChanges Handoutb) summarize your Oobleck lab (give you opinion and b) summarize your Oobleck lab (give you opinion and

share share something that you have learned). something that you have learned). c) complete the States of Matter graphic organizer c) complete the States of Matter graphic organizer

EVALUATIONEVALUATION(Homework)(Homework)

a) complete Reading About Properties and a) complete Reading About Properties and Changes HandoutChanges Handout

b) summarize your Oobleck lab (give you b) summarize your Oobleck lab (give you opinion and shareopinion and share something that you something that you have learned). have learned).

c) complete the States of Matter graphic c) complete the States of Matter graphic organizer organizer

EVALUATE EVALUATE (Homework)(Homework)

COMPLETE THE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

1. Define each state of matter.

2. How are the particles packed?

3. Draw a model showing how the particles are packed.

4. Give 3 examples of each.

5. Does it have definite shape, definite volume, or both?

SOLID

LIQUID

GAS

States Of Matter