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HDPE Manual Lamasat Properties - Welding - Fittings - Design - Jointing
HDPE Manual LamasatProperties - Welding - Fittings - Design - Jointing
Introduction
Lamasat International Zambia Limited...Product quality, exceptional customer service and environmental responsibility are phrases that have spearheaded our growth.
Lamasat International was registered in 2002 as a manufacturing company of pipes and polypropylene bags.
Since then the company has grown with investments to date of over US$ 60 million with a diverse range of
products and Services.The Company employs close to 900 staff.
Lamasat provides leadership in most of its chosen areas of business activity. We strive to ensure that
everything we do in our business reflects the highest of standards.
Our company's business activities are spread out at a number of locations around Lusaka, with our Head Office being located in Chipwenpwenue Road off Kafue Road, Makeni, and Lusaka.
We continually invest to grow our portfolio of facilities and currently developing show room and warehousing
facilities along the busy Kafue Road in Lusaka
Our products are available in a wide range of sizes and specifications. The company maintains high standards in its manufacturing facilities and its products are manufactured in compliance with applicable products standards set by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS). In recognition of our quality and excellence in our offerings, we were also conferred with the International Star Award for Quality- Gold Category by the International Selection Committee of the Business Initiative Decisions of Paris, France.
Our range of products include
§ Pipes and fittings.
§ Water tanks- We make tanks ranging from 200litres to 12000 litres
§ Polypropylene bags-We have a capacity of over 200,000 bags per day
§ Aluminium- we manufacture aluminium doors, windows, partitions, kitchen and office furniture
§ Wood processing making furniture and fittings
§ Granite
OUR FACILITIES
OUR PRODUCTS
QUALITY ASSURANCELamasat is a quality-endorsed company, a signatory with the SABS confirming our commitment to not only industry best practice but our strong engagement in environmental sustainability. Our factory is accredited to ISO 9001:2008 and with SAI Global standards regularly exceeded our commitment to not only meeting but exceeding product quality. Environmental standards and industry leading customer service have us at the forefront of the pipe, alluminium and wood manufacturing industry.
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Customer Care
OUR CUSTOMERSWe value all our customers. We believe that the customers' perceptions are the reality for our business; therefore, serving our customers in a manner that will not only meet but exceed their expectations is of paramount importance. In serving our esteemed customers, we strive to ensure that everything we do in our business reflects the highest of standards.
What makes us different from other organizations is the passion we have for our customers and the values
underpinning our customer service:
We have a philosophy that ensures that customer service is incorporated in the ideals of service and into the
day to day actions of the staff in our organizations
We have implemented systems that ensure service delivery and to support and serve both the customer and the customer service agents that support the customer.
We have invested in computer systems, websites, user manuals, product catalogues in order to make the whole customer experience fulfilling, educative and enriching.
Our staff are empowered with the tools and the autonomy, the decision-making abilities to act for the customer. We have invested in the training of our staff and provide management support to our staff in the effort to meet the requirements.
We recognize that good customer service is not achieved overnight. Therefore, we strive to ensure there is vision, determination, and endurance in all our managers and staff in order to see that the principles turn to action, actions turn to habits, and habits turn to the characteristics that keep customers coming back.
We believe that our customer service areas must be convenient, easily accessible, spacious, modern and
comfortable.
A customer service philosophy
Customer service systems
Customer service decisions
Customer service vision
Customer service area
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Fabricated fittings............................................. Bends......................................................... Tees........................................................... Reducers................................................... Stub Flange Detail...................................... Tech-Stub Detail......................................... Victaulic Stub Detail...................................Moulded fittings................................................. Buttweld fittings.........................................
Compression fittings..................................
Other fittings Lamasat Polypropylene Saddles............... Flanges...................................................... Tech fittings................................................ Victaulic fittings..........................................
Flow................................................................... Nomogram................................................. Flow Charts................................................Pressure Considerations................................... Static.......................................................... Dynamic..................................................... Water Hammer...........................................Temperature Considerations............................. Effect on Pressure..................................... Effect on Dimensions.................................Trench Load Considerations............................. Soil and Traffic Loads................................Above Ground Installations...............................Bending.............................................................
Fittings
Design Considerations
Introduction................................................
HDPE Pipe Material Advances........................Quality Assurance............................................Applications......................................................Features and Benefits......................................Specifications...................................................Pipe Dimensions..............................................Coil Dimensions...............................................
Table of Physical Properties............................Comparison with other plastic materials..........The Stress Regression Line.............................Design Stress and Safety Factor.....................Melt Flow Index................................................Tensile Strength...............................................The effect of temperature change Working Pressure..................................... Sub Zero Temperature.............................. Expansion and Contraction.......................Impact Resistance...........................................Ultra Violet Resistance.....................................Flammability.....................................................Abrasion Resistance........................................
Permanent Buttwelding............................................... Electrofusion welding................................Non-Permanent (detachable) Jointing Tech System............................................. Flanging.................................................... Compression fittings.................................
General............................................................The Lamasat System..........................................Equipment........................................................Jointing Method Pre-Welding Checks................................. Dummy Welds........................................... Manual Welding Procedure....................... The Rules of Butt-Fusion.......................... Buttweld Time and Pressure Table..........
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)
General
Physical Properties
Jointing
Buttwelding principles
and jointing procedures
2
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9101010101010
1111
111111
121212
1213131415
161617171818181919
29
31323434
3535364444444445454545454848
Contents
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General
HDPE Pipe Material Advances
Features and Benefits
During the past 40 years or more, since HDPE was first used to manufacture pipes, there have been considerable strides made in improving the quality of material and its long term ability to withstand pressure.
The first SABS specification (SABS 533) made use of a design stress of 5 mPa. This specification has now been superceded by SABS ISO 4427 which covers 3 different material grades viz: PE63, PE80 and PE100. These three material grades have different properties which enable them to be classified with minimum required strengths (MRS) of 6.3 MPa, 8.0 MPa and 10.0 MPa respectively. Applying a design coefficient of 1.25 (safety factor) to the MRS gives the design stress used by SABS ISO 4427 for these materials (5.0 MPa, 6.3 MPa and 8.0 MPa respectively) with the result that the wall thickness for a particular size and class becomes progressively less as the change is made to a material with a higher MRS.
Quality Assurance
Applications
Lamasat International (Z) Ltdhas been a SABS mark holder for over 7 years.
Products are manufactured to the relevant SABS specifications at its plants in Lusaka. Manufacturing facilities conform to the ISO 9001 of 2000 Quality Management system.
Fully audited Quality Control laboratories are operational in Lusaka, where scheduled and random testing of products is carried out.
Lamasat International have for several years been confidently supplying their range of HDPE pipes, Compression fittings and Saddles for successful use in a variety of potable water applications in the Civil, Agricultural, Municipal, Mining and Industrial sectors. Because of the good chemical resistance and abrasion resistance properties they are also extensively used in chemical, waste and slurry applications.
F
Extensive range of fittings
eatures:
L
G
ow mass
ood impact strength
Excellent corrosion resistance
G
N
ood chemical resistance
on Toxic
S
L
everal jointing methods
ong lengths available
Good abrasion resistance
L
F
ow friction losses
lexibility
W
B
ide variety of installations
enefits:
E
L
asy handling
ittle handling and installation damage
Long and efficient service life
W
S
ide range of applications
afe for potable water
W
F
ide variety of applications
ewer joints
Can be used to pump slurries
L
E
ower pumping costs
asy installation
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16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
630
Nominal Working Pressure HDS 5 MPA PE 63
Nominal Working Pressure HDS6.3 MPA PE 80
Nominal Working Pressure HDS 8 MPA PE 100
Standard Diameter Ratio (SDR) S
P
DR 41
P
N 4
N 3.2
K
N
g/m
ormSize
M
mm
ean OutsideDiameter
Min IM D
O
ax
vality OutsideW
DiameterPall thickness t ipe ID & Mass
Min Max Min Max
P
SDR 33
N 3.2
PN 4
Kg/mI
W
D
Pall thickness t ipe ID & Mass
Min Max
P
SDR 26
P
N 6.3
N 4
Kg/mI
W
D
Pall thickness t ipe ID & Mass
Min Max
P
SDR 21
P
N 8
N 63
Kg/mI
W
D
Pall thickness t ipe ID & Mass
Min Max
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
630
16.3
20.3
25.3
32.3
40.4
50.5
63.6
75.7
90.9
111.0
126.2
141.3
161.5
181.7
201.8
227.1
252.3
282.6
317.9
358.2
403.6
454.1
504.5
565.0
1
635.7
5.4
19.4
24.4
31.4
39.3
49.3
62.2
74.2
89.1
108.8
123.8
138.6
158.4
178.2
198.0
222.8
247.5
275.1
309.5
348.8
393.0
442.1
491.3
550.2
1
619.0
6.3
20.6
25.6
32.7
40.7
50.7
63.8
75.8
90.9
111.1
126.3
141.4
161.6
181.8
202.0
227.3
252.5
284.9
320.6
361.3
407.0
457.9
508.8
569.8
641.1
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.8
2.2
2.7
3.0
3.4
3.9
4.4
4.9
5.5
6.1
6.8
7.7
8.7
9.8
11.0
12.2
13.7
15.4
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.5
3.1
3.5
3.9
4.4
4.9
5.5
6.1
6.8
7.6
8.6
9.7
10.9
12.2
13.5
15.2
1
17.1
3
17
22
29
37
47
60
71
86
105
119
133
152
172
191
214
238
267
300
338
381
429
477
534
600
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.16
0.20
0.25
0.32
0.43
0.62
0.93
1.20
1.51
1.94
2.46
3.03
3.83
4.73
5.94
7.51
9.54
12.11
15.29
18.88
23.68
29.98
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.9
2.3
2.7
3.3
3.8
4.2
4.8
5.5
6.1
6.8
7.6
8.5
9.5
10.8
12.1
13.6
15.2
17.0
19.1
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.6
3.1
3.8
4.4
4.9
5.4
6.1
6.8
7.6
8.4
9.5
10.6
12.0
13.5
15.1
16.8
18.8
1
21.2
3
17
22
29
37
47
59
70
85
103
117
132
150
169
188
212
235
263
296
334
376
423
470
527
593
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.16
0.20
0.25
0.38
0.53
0.77
1.15
1.48
1.86
2.40
3.04
3.75
4.73
5.84
7.33
9.27
11.78
14.95
18.88
23.31
29.24
37.01
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.9
2.4
2.9
3.5
4.2
4.8
5.4
6.2
6.9
7.7
8.7
9.6
10.8
12.1
13.7
15.4
17.3
19.2
21.5
1
24.2
.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.8
3.3
4.0
4.9
5.5
6.2
6.9
7.8
8.6
9.6
10.7
12.0
13.5
15.2
17.2
19.2
21.3
23.9
26.9
13
17
22
29
37
46
58
69
83
101
115
129
148
166
185
208
231
259
291
328
369
416
462
517
582
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.16
0.20
0.30
0.48
0.67
0.97
1.45
1.87
2.34
3.02
3.82
4.71
5.95
7.35
9.22
11.67
14.82
18.81
23.75
29.32
36.78
1
46.56
.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.9
2.4
3.0
3.6
4.3
5.2
6.0
6.7
7.6
8.6
9.5
10.7
11.9
13.3
15.0
16.9
19.0
21.4
23.8
26.7
30.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.8
3.5
4.1
4.9
6.0
6.8
7.7
8.5
9.6
10.7
11.9
13.3
14.9
16.7
18.8
21.2
23.8
26.4
29.6
33.3
13
17
22
29
36
45
57
68
81
99
113
126
145
163
181
203
226
253
285
321
362
407
452
506
570
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.16
0.24
0.37
0.59
0.82
1.19
1.77
2.29
2.87
3.70
4.68
5.78
7.30
9.01
11.30
14.30
18.16
23.06
29.12
35.94
45.08
57.07
Items Shaded available in SABS ISO 4427
HDS = (Hydrostatic Design Stress), in (MPA), is obtained by applying a design factor of not less than 1.25 to the minimum required strength value of the pipe.Out of Roundness (Ovality) Grade N.Hydrostatic Design Stress.
Pipe Dimensions
In this table it can be seen that SABS ISO 4427 have grouped together the different pressure classes, produced from different material designations, under a common heading known as the Standard Diameter (Dimension) Ratio or SDR. The minimum wall thicknesses specified are not exactly that which would be derived from a calculation using Barlow's formula or the SDR but are the rounded up values of the highest minimum wall thickness calculated for any size and class in the SDR group (see Design Stress and Safety Factor on page 8).
Specifications
The HDPE pipes manufactured by Lamasat International are manufactured to, and carry the SABS mark for, SABS ISO 4427. These pipes are manufactured from three different designated materials viz: PE63, PE80 and PE100.
Designation ofmaterial
PE 100
PE 80
PE 63
10
8
6.3
8
6.3
5
Maximum allowable hydrostaticdesign stress, ó - MPa
MRS at 50 years and 20°CMPa
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P
SDR 17
P
N 10
P
N 8
N 6.3
Kg/mI
W
D
Pall thickness t ipe ID & Mass
Min Max
P
SDR 13.6
P
N 12.5
P
N 10
N 8
Kg/mI
W
D
Pall thickness t ipe ID & Mass
Min Max
P
SDR 11
P
N 16
P
N 12.5
N 10
Kg/mI
W
D
Pall thickness t ipe ID & Mass
Min Max
P
SDR 9
N 16
P
P
N 20
N 12.5
Kg/mI
W
D
Pall thickness t ipe ID & Mass
Min Max
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.9
2.4
2.9
3.7
4.4
5.3
6.5
7.4
8.2
9.4
10.6
11.8
13.2
14.7
16.5
18.5
20.9
23.5
26.5
29.4
32.937.1
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.8
3.4
4.3
5.1
6.1
7.4
8.5
9.5
10.5
11.9
13.2
14.8
16.4
18.4
20.7
23.3
26.2
29.4
32.6
36.641.1
13
17
22
28
35
44
55
66
79
97
110
123
141
158
176
198
220
246
277
312
352
396
440
493555
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.18
0.29
0.45
0.72
1.00
1.45
2.16
2.79
3.50
4.51
5.71
7.05
8.90
10.99
13.79
17.45
22.16
28.13
35.52
43.85
55.00
1
69.62
.6
1.6
1.8
2.4
2.9
3.7
4.6
5.5
6.6
8.1
9.2
10.3
11.8
13.2
14.7
16.5
18.4
20.6
23.2
26.1
29.4
33.1
36.8
41.246.3
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.8
3.4
4.3
5.4
6.3
7.6
9.3
10.6
11.8
13.2
14.8
16.5
18.4
20.5
23.0
25.8
29.1
32.8
336.7
40.8
45.751.4
13
17
21
27
34
42
53
63
76
93
106
119
136
153
170
191
212
238
267
301
340
382
425
476535
0.08
0.10
0.14
0.23
0.35
0.55
0.88
1.23
1.78
2.66
3.43
4.30
5.55
7.02
8.66
10.95
13.51
16.95
21.45
27.24
34.58
43.68
53.92
67.63
1
85.60
.6
1.8
2.3
2.9
3.6
4.5
5.7
6.8
8.2
10.0
11.4
12.7
14.5
16.4
18.2
20.5
22.7
25.5
28.6
32.3
36.4
40.9
45.5
50.957.3
1.9
2.1
2.7
3.4
4.3
5.3
6.7
7.8
9.4
11.5
13.1
14.6
16.3
18.3
20.4
22.8
25.3
28.4
31.9
36.0
40.5
45.4
50.5
56.563.6
13
16
20
26
32
40
51
61
73
89
101
113
130
146
162
183
203
227
256
288
325
366
406
455512
0.08
0.11
0.17
0.27
0.43
0.67
1.06
1.50
2.16
3.22
4.16
5.21
6.72
8.51
10.50
13.27
16.38
20.54
26.00
33.01
41.91
52.94
65.36
81.97103.75
1.8
2.2
2.8
3.6
4.4
5.6
7.0
8.3
10.00
12.2
13.9
15.6
17.8
20.0
22.2
25.0
27.8
31.1
35.0
39.4
44.4
50.0
55.6
2.1
2.6
3.3
4.2
5.2
6.5
8.2
9.6
11.5
14.1
16.0
17.9
19.9
22.4
24.9
27.9
31.0
34.7
39.0
44.0
49.6
55.5
61.7
12
15
19
24
31
38
48
57
69
84
96
107
123
138
154
173
192
216
242
273
308
347
385
0.08
0.13
0.20
0.33
0.51
0.80
1.27
1.78
2.57
3.84
4.96
6.22
8.02
10.16
12.53
15.83
19.55
24.52
31.03
39.41
50.03
63.19
78.01
P
SDR 7.4
P
N 20
N 16
Kg/mI
W
D
Pall thickness t ipe ID & Mass
Min Max
2.2
2.7
3.4
4.3
5.4
6.8
8.5
10.1
12.2
14.9
16.9
18.9
21.6
24.3
27.0
30.4
33.8
37.8
42.6
48.0
54.1
60.8
2.5
3.2
4.0
5.1
6.3
7.9
10.0
11.7
14.0
17.1
19.4
21.8
24.2
27.2
30.3
33.9
37.7
42.2
47.5
53.5
60.3
67.5
11
14
18
23
28
36
45
54
64
79
89
100
115
129
144
162
180
201
226
255
287
324
0.10
0.15
0.24
0.39
0.60
0.94
1.50
2.11
3.04
4.53
5.86
7.34
9.48
12.00
14.81
18.71
23.10
28.97
36.67
46.56
59.11
74.67
Standard coil lengths 16 - 40mm : 100 metre coils 50 - 90mm : 50 & 100 metre coils 110mm : 50 metre coils
Coil Dimensions
Coil DimensionsI.D. (I) O.D. (D)
O.D.mm
SDR's Coil Length - meters
mm
162025324050637590
110
180180200220220220280280360450n/an/a
n/an/an/an/an/a150190190270360330400
8608608901090109015601960196033002540n/an/a
n/an/an/an/an/a
1410178017803100236031602860
600600600700700
1300130013002500180025002200
7.4/9/117.4/9/11/13.67.4/9/11/13.6/177.4/9/11/13.6/177.4/9/11/13.6/17/267.4/9/11/13.6/17/267.4/9/11/13.6/17/26/337.4/9/11/13.6/17/26/337.4/9/1113.6/17/21/26/337.4/9/1113.6/17/21/26/33
50m 100m 100m50m
mm mm mm mmWidth (W)
DW
I
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Physical Properties
Table of Physical Properties
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) is a thermoplastic material which is supplied by the manufacturer in a 'ready to use' pelletised form. There are several different grades available. The particular grades suitable for pipe manufacture are referred to as PE 63, PE 80 and PE100. The pipe manufacturer simply converts this material into pressure pipe.
The properties given below are for HDPE pipe materials. It should be noted that many of these properties are relative to temperature and the duration of stress application.
Test Specimen
10mm x 10mm x 4mm
0.1% solution of granulesin decahydronaphthalene
granulessample weight 3g to 6g
ISO 3167, 4mm thick(test specimen No. 3, 4mmthick according to DIN 53 455)
110mm x 10mm x 4mmloaded flat
80mm x 10mm x 4mm
60mm x 6.35mm x 3mm
sheet, 4mm
sheet, 6mm
80mm x 10mm x 4mm
sheet, 4mm
g
T
ranules
est Method
ISO 1183
ISO 1628-3
ISO 1133
ISO 527Test Rate 50mm/min
ISO 527Test Rate 50mm/min
ISO 527
ISO 899Test Load 2M/mm2
Din 54 852-Z4sb = 2N/mm2
ISO 178Test Rate 2mm/min
Din 53 447
ISO 2039 part 1Test Load 132N
ISO 868
ISO 179/1eA
ISO 306
I
U
SO TR 10837
nit
3g/cm
ml/g
g/10min
g/10min
2N/mm
%
2N/mm
2N/mm
2N/mm
2N/mm
2N/mm
2N/mm
2N/mm
~~
2kJ/m
2kJ/m
°C
m
M
in.
FR 190/5
MFR 190/21.6
Yield Stress
Elongation at Yield Stress
Tensile Modulus of Elasticity(secant between 0.05 & 0.25% strain)
Tensile Creep Modulus(1 hour value)(1000 hour value)
Flexural Creep Modulus(1 min value)
Flexural Stress(3.5% deflection)
Ball Indentation Hardness
Shore Hardness D(3 sec value)(15 sec value)
at 23°C
at -30°C
200°C in O
P
2
roperty
Density at 23°C
Viscosity Number
Melt Flow Rate
Tensile Properties
Flexural Properties
Stiffness in Torsion
Hardness
Notched Impact StrengthacN (test specimen from compression moulded sheet)
Vicat Softening PointVST/B/50
O
V
xidation Induction Time
alue
0.958
380
0.23
6.5
26
10
900
650350
1100
20
180
41
6159
20
10
67
>60
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Comparison with other plastic materials
Property HDPE PP PVC P PVC-C * B *
W Saxy mooth Smooth Waxy
Pale grey-beige GB rey-beigelue
High Hclatter
ighHclatter
igh Dclatter
ullthud
Bright flame:Drops continue to
C
burn while falling
arbonises inflame:
extinguishes away
C
from flame
arbonises inflame:
extinguishes away
B
from flame
right flame:Drops continue toburn while falling
Like resin Pungent like Phydrochloric acid
ungent likehydrochloric acid
Very slightimpression
I
possible
mpression not Ipossible
mpression not Ipossible
mpression easilyproduced
Yes
YY esY es
N
es
o No Yes
Slight
Stabilised Sgood
tabilised Sgood
tabilised Sgood
tabilised good
F Susion olvent cement Solvent cement Fusion
Yes YY eses Yes
Slight None NN oneone
0.15 0.12
0.20
0.47
0.92
200
5
0
000
.07
0.14
0.23
1.5
550
3
0
0000
.08
0.14
0.23
1.42
550
3
0
0000
.19
0.4
0.905
320
1
W
5000
axy
Black Black
Mediumclatter
Bright flame:Drops continue toburn while falling
Like candles Like candles butmore acrid than
HDPE
Impression possible
Yes
No
Stabilisedgood
Fusion
Yes
Some
0.2
0.40
0.42
0.955
240
8
S
000
urface feel
Appearance(water pipes)
Sound produced when dropped
Combustibility andappearance of flame
Odour of smoke afterflame is extinguished
Nail testImpression made by
fingernail
Special features Smears whensawn
Floats in water
Notch sensitivity
Weather resistance
Method of permanentjoining
Suitable for mechanicaljointing
Stress crack sensitivitywith regard to jointing
for safe media e.g. water
Linear expansionmm/m°C
Thermal conductivitykcal/mh°C
Specific heatkcal/mh°C
Specific weightKg/cm2
Tensile strength at 20°Ckp/cm2
Modulus of elasticity at20°C (kp/cm2)
Tensile Test - Ready
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The internationally accepted method for calculating circumferential hoop stress is derived from Barlow's formula and is as follows:
s = p(d - t)/2t
where: p = internal pressure (MPa) t = minimum wall thickness (mm) d = mean external diameter (mm) s = circumferential hoop stress in wall of pipe (MPa)
The Stress Regression Line for HDPE is given below.
s
Principal stress/time curves for PE 80 and PE 100 pipes at 20°C and 80°C. The standardcurve for HDPE Type 2 at 80°C (acc. to DIN 8075) is shown in comparison. Theminimum required strength (MRS) at 20°C and 50 years is 10 MPa for PE 100 and8 MPa for PE 80 giving the design stress 8 MPa and 6.3 MPa, respectively.
s Burst stress MPa20
15
10
8
65
4
3
2
1
Time to failure50 Years
HDPE T e 2ypHDPE T e 2yp
PE 80PE 80
80PE 80PE
E 1001PE 1001P
PE 100PE 1000°C80°C8
20°C20°C10 MPa at 50Yrs10 MPa at 50Yrs
8 MPa at 50Yrs8 MPa at 50Yrs
-110 1 10
210
310
410
510
610
The Stress Regression Line
The traditional method of portraying the primary mechanical property of HDPE, tensile strength, is by means of a graph of log stress vs log time to failure. This is known as the stress regression line. It is a plot of the circumferential hoop stress in the wall of the pipe (from internal pressure) against time to failure.
Numerous actual test results, measured at 20°C and 60°C, over a range of times up to 10,000 hours, are plotted on a log log scale and a regression line is calculated to fit this data. The resultant regression line is then extrapolated to 50 years (438,000 hours). The method of calculation is an internationally accepted procedure described in ISO/TR 9080. The required values of stress and time are specified in SABS ISO 4427.
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Design Stress and Safety
Factor (service factor)
Safety factors take into account handling conditions, service conditions and other circumstances not directly considered in the design.
In terms of SABS ISO 4427 the minimum safety factor is 1.25. This factor, when applied to the Minimum Required Strength (MRS), for the particular material classification (e.g. PE80, PE100), gives the maximum allowable hydrostatic design stress for the designated material.
The relationship between MRS and ó for various design coefficients is as follows at 20°C.
The design engineer may wish to apply a greater safety factor depending on operating conditions and environmental considerations.
Applying Barlow's formula (below) it is possible to calculate the minimum wall thickness for any given size and pressure class of pipe.
t = p x d (2s + p)
where: t = minimum wall thickness (mm) p = internal pressure (MPa) d = mean external diameter (mm) s = design stress (MPa)
For example the minimum wall thickness for a250 mm Class 10 HDPE pipe made from PE 80 material is:
t = 1.0 x 250 / {(2 x 6.3) + 1.0} = 18.38 mm Round up to 18.4 mm for manufacture and/or the appropriate SDR for the Class and Material designation.
s
Melt Flow Index
Tensile Strength
The Effect of Temperature
Change
The melt flow index of polyethylene materials is a measure of the mass of melted material, at 190°C, that will pass through a specific orifice in 10 minutes when subjected to a specific pressure.
The melt flow index (MFI) is largely dependant on the molecular mass. Higher molecular masses result in lower MFI because long, well packed molecules do not flow as easily as short, less packed molecules.
Since both density and MFI are decisive for the strength properties they are regulated in most standards for polyethylene pipes.
In terms of the SABS specification the Melt Flow Index must conform to the raw material manufacturers pipe grade specification. This information can be obtained from the the raw material manufacturers data sheets.(Also see Table of Physical Properties on page 6)
The tensile strength of polyethylene materials increases with an increase in molecular mass since long, well packed molecules are more difficult to separate.This property is also effectively regulated by standards.(See Table of Physical Properties on page 6)
Working Pressure:
The standard design temperature for HDPE pipes is 20°C and working pressures are usually quoted for this temperature. HDPE pressure pipes function perfectly well below 20°C right down to freezing point and can in fact, withstand higher pressures than those quoted at 20°C. As can be seen from the stress regression lines, the creep rupture strength diminishes with increasing temperature and working pressures must be down-rated if the same factors of safety are to be maintained. The applicable reduction factors are given under “Temperature Considerations” on page 59.
Designation ofmaterial
PE 100
PE 80
PE 63
10
8
6.3
8
6.3
5
Maximum allowable hydrostatic
design stress, s - MPaMRS at 50 years and 20°C
MPa
Hydrostaticdesign
stress of pipe,
s - MPa
MRS of material - MPa
Design coefficient, C
10
8
6.3
5
1.25
1.59
2
1.27
1.6 1.26
8 6.3
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Sub Zero Temperatures:
Water has been known to freeze in HDPE pipes without causing fractures, but permanent strain can result, leading to severe reduction in the working life of the pipe. Hence HDPE pipes - like other pipes - should be protected against sub zero temperatures.
Expansion and Contraction:
All plastics have high co-efficients of expansion and contraction several times those of metals. This must be allowed for in any installation by the use of expansion joints, expansion loops etc.
It should be noted that it is possible to change the impact strength of certain plastic materials, however this usually comes at the expense of properties such as tensile strength, hardness or stiffness. This property is therefore effectively regulated (as with density and MFI) by most standards.
Impact Resistance
Ultra Violet Resistance
Flammability
Abrasion Resistance
HDPE pipes, when manufactured to SABS ISO 4427, contain 2.5% (by mass) of carbon black. This provides exceptional protection against the effects of ultra violet light.
As with impact resistance, it is possible to improve the fire resistance of HDPE by the addition of various compounds. Again this comes at the expense of other properties. Fire resistance is measured by a limiting oxygen index (LOI).
A number of international investigations to assess the abrasion resistance of various plastic materials have been carried out. Generally the results of such investigations are expressed as a loss of volume in relation to the original wall thickness. The results to date have varied in regard to the abrasion resistance of various pipe materials. However, what they all show is that plastics possess superior abrasion resistance relative to other pipe materials.
For example, in one investigation, HDPE pipes suffered wear to the extent of 4mm after 1600 hours while the corresponding wear occurred in steel pipes after 1000 hours.
Material
mPVC
HDPE
LDPE
Steel
Co-efficient of expansion (K-1)-5
8 x 10-5
20 x 10-5
20 x 10-5
1.2 x 10-5
2.0 x 10Copper
Dry sliding abrasion of a number of PE 80, PE 100 andsome other grades of thermoplastic materials (TaberAbrasion Method in accordance with DIN 53754 E)
GU
R
PE
80
PE
10
0
Po
lyu
reth
an
e
Sty
ren
e/
Acty
lon
itrile
Co
po
lym
er
PV
C
Po
lysty
ren
e
Ce
llulo
se
Ace
tob
uty
rate
AB
S
AB
S c
raft
Co
po
lym
er
Abrasive Wear Properties
mg
./1
00
re
v.
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Min. mg/100 rev
Max. mg/100 rev
Graph of Relative Wear Rates
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Jointing
One of the greatest features of HDPE pipes is the fact that a wide variety of jointing systems is available to suit a whole range of applications.The jointing systems can be divided into two main categories with further sub-divisions in each category.
Non-Permanent (detachable) Jointing
Permanent Jointing
Buttwelding
Typical Buttweld
Welding Machine
Tech System
Flanging
Compression Fittings
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General
The Lamasat System
Butt-fusion jointing is a thermofusion process which involves the simultaneous heating of the ends of two components which are to be joined until a melt state is attained on each contact surface. The two surfaces are then brought together under controlled pressure for a specific cooling time and homogeneous fusion is formed upon cooling.
The resultant joint is resistant to end thrust and has comparable performance under pressure to the pipe.
This method of jointing requires an electrically heated plate to raise the temperature of the pipe ends to the required fusion temperature and isused for PE63, PE80 and PE100 grades of material for pipe of size 32mm and above of the same Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR).
When jointing pipes using butt-fusion techniques, the heater plate temperatures are the same for PE63, PE80 and PE100, 195°C to 200°C.
Note: The Site Fusion Jointing Specification WIS 4-32-08 Issue 2, 1994 emphasises the importance for the butt-fusion machine to be able to control the reduced secondary ram pressures that are now required for dual pressure butt-fusion jointing. For SDR11 pipes of sizes 250mm, 280mm and 315mm and for all pipe (SDRs 11, 17.6, 26) of size 355mm and above the butt fusion pressures should be reduced after 10 seconds and therefore the use of an automatic butt fusion machine is required. (These conditions are tabulated on page 15.)
Depending on the design and make, butt-fusion machines may or may not be capable of accepting fittings as moulded for direct welding to pipes.
Lamasat therefore offers two ranges of fittings for butt-fusion systems to provide the greatest flexibility in this regard :• long spigot fittings• 'pupped' fittings
Pupped fittings are fabricated by butt-fusing (in the factory), 0.5m lengths of pipe to each leg of a spigot fitting, thereby allowing the straight length of pipe to be gripped by clamps of the butt-fusion machine.
The Lamasat butt-fusion system comprises, therefore:• Straight polyethylene pipe• Long spigot fittings• Pupped fittings• Accessories
• Generator to supply the heater plate, trimmer and hydraulic pump• Butt-fusion machine fitted with the correct size clamp shells, trimmer, heater plate, hydraulic pump and timer• Pipe support rollers• Welding tent• Cleaning material, lint free cotton cloth or paper towel• External/Internal debeading tool• Bead gauge• Digital thermometer with surface probe to check heater plate• Pipe end covers• Baseboard• Pipe cutters• Air temperature thermometer• Indelible marker pen• Timer.
Pre-Welding Checks
Before commencing a welding operationcheck that:• There is sufficient fuel for the generator to complete the joint and that it is functioning correctly before it is connected to the machine.• The trimming tool and hydraulic pump are in working order.
Equipment
Jointing Method
Buttwelding principles and jointing procedures
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• The heater plate is clean and residues from previous welds have been removed.• A tent is available to provide shelter during welding.• The machine is complete and undamaged.• You know the correct welding parameters for the machine and pipe being welded.• The heater plate is at the correct temperature. (Connect the heater plate to the power supply and retain for at least 20 minutes inside the thermally insulated guard). To remove dirt deposits the heater plate may be washed, when cold, with copious quantities of clean water at the start of the jointing session. Only clean, lint free materials must be used to clean the plate. To remove grease and oily films the plate may be wiped with lint free material dampened by a suitable solvent, eg. Isopropanol.• Check that the pipes and/or fittings to be jointed are of the same size, SDR and material.
Dummy Welds
Even though washing may remove large deposits of dirt, very fine particles of dust may still remain on the heater plate. To remove such dust it is necessary to make a dummy joint at the start of each jointing session, whenever the plate has been allowed to cool below 180°C, or at a change of pipe size. Two dummy must be made if the pipe size is greater than 180mm.A dummy joint can be made using pipe off cuts of the same size, SDR and material as the pipe being installed. It is not necessary to actually make a joint. The procedure can be discontinued after the full heat cycle.
Manual Welding Procedure
• Place the pipes in the clamps with the ends against the trimming tool and with the pipe markings aligned.• Align and level the components using the support rollers.• Tighten the pipe clamps to grip and re-round the pipes.• Cover the free ends of the pipes to prevent cooling of the plate by internal draughts.• Switch on the trimming tool and close the clamps slowly so that the pipe ends are moved against the trimming tool until continuous shavings are cut from each surface.• Keep the trimming tool turning whilst opening the clamps to avoid steps on the trimmed surfaces.• Remove the trimming tool taking care not to touch the trimmed ends.
• Remove loose shavings from the machine and component ends.
Do not touch the prepared surfaces.
• Check that both surfaces are completely planed. If they are not then repeat the trimming process.• Close the clamps and check that there is no visible gap between the trimmed faces.
• The maximum permitted outsider diameter mismatch is: 1.0mm for pipe sizes 90mm to 315mm 2.0mm for pipe sizes 316mm to 800mm. If the mismatch is greater than these values then the pipe must be realigned and re-trimmed.• Open and then close the clamps and note the drag pressure needed to move the pipes together using the hydraulic system.
Drag pressure is the minimum gauge pressure required to overcome the sliding frictional drag on the rams due to the operation of the machine and the weight of the pipes/fittings being jointed.
Note: The drag pressure (in bar) must be assessed accurately prior to making each fusion joint and must be added to the basic ram pressure values shown on the machine.(When fully automatic machines are used this operation will normally be carried out automatically.)
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• Remove the heater plate from its protective cover. Check that it is clean and up to temperature.
• Place the heater plate in the machine and close the clamps so that the surfaces to be joined are touching the plate. Using the hydraulic system apply the pressure previously determined.
• Maintain the applied pressure until the pipe begins to melt and a uniform bead of 2-3mm is formed on each end.
• After the initial bead up, the pressure in the hydraulic system shall be released so that the pressure gauge registers between zero and the drag pressure so as to control the bead growth during the heat soak time. Check that the pipe does not slip in the clamps. The pipe ends must maintain contact with the heater plates.
• When the heat soak time is completed, open the clamps and remove the heater plate ensuring
that the plate does not touch the melted surfaces.• Immediately close the clamps (within 8 to 10 seconds of removing the plate) and bring the melted surfaces together at the previously determined pressure.
• Maintain the required pressure for the minimumcooling time as indicated in the table.
•
After this time the assembly can be removedfrom the machine but should not be handled for
a further period equal to the above cooling time.• Examine the joint for cleanliness and uniformity
and check that the bead width is within the
specified limits.• Remove the internal beads, if required, using
suitable debeading tools.•
The beads and joint should be numbered/codedusing an indelible marker pen.
•
The beads will be twisted at several positions.If the bead is seen to split at any point then the
joint must be cut out from the pipeline and the
joint remade. If a similar defect re-occurs, all
further jointing must cease until the equipment
has been thoroughly cleaned, examined and
new trial joints made and shown to besatisfactory.
The Rules of
Butt-Fusion
NEVER•
Attempt to weld together pipes of different SDR(wall thickness).
•
Touch trimmed pipe ends.• Leave trimming swarf inside pipe or on welding
machine.•
Allow equipment to get wet or dusty.• Use non-approved machinery.• Remove a weld from the machine before cooling
time has elapsed.•
Allow untrained personnel to use weldingequipment.
• Cut corners in any part of the welding procedure.
• Weld pipes of different material on site. (Infactory controlled conditions it may be possible to
do this).• Use a generator of inadequate capacity.
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14
15
Buttweld Time and Pressure Table
Heater Plate Surface Temperature: 195ºC to 200ºCTable 1 Single pressure butt-fusion jointing conditions for PE63, PE80 and PE100
Table 2 Dual pressure butt-fusion jointing conditions for PE63, PE80 and PE100
NB All jointing pressure must be calculated by using the effective ram area of the machine in relation to the cross sectional area of the pipe wall. Effective ram area should be marked on each model.
Outsidediameter
m
S
m
W
DR
allthickness(minimum)
m
B
m
ead upinterface
stress
M
I
Pa
nitialbeadsize
(approx)
m
S
m
oaktime
s
M
econds
insoak
interfacestress
M
M
Pa
ax plate removal
time
s
F
econds
usionand
coolinginterface
stress
M
C
Pa
oolingtime inclamps
m
C
inutes
oolingtime out
of clamps
m
C
inutes
oolingtime forcoiledpipe inclamps
m
T
inutes
ypicalfinal
overallbead width
min max
mm mm
90
90
90
110
110
110
125
125
125
160
160
160
180
180
180
225
225
225
250
250
280
280
315
3
315
.5
5.1
8.2
4.2
6.3
10.0
4.8
7.1
11.4
6.2
9.1
14.6
6.9
10.2
16.4
8.6
12.8
20.5
9.6
14.2
10.7
15.9
12.1
9
17.9
5
110
140
100
125
160
110
130
175
120
150
205
130
160
225
145
190
265
155
200
170
220
180
240
1
±3
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
10
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
10
8
9
8
9
10
8
9
10
9
9
11
9
10
11
9
10
12
9
10
13
14
13
1
14
5
15
16
15
16
17
15
16
17
16
16
18
16
17
18
16
17
19
16
17
22
23
22
1
23
5
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0
±0.02
.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
2
±0.02
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
5
3
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
2
5
6
17.6
11
26
17.6
11
26
17.6
11
26
17.6
11
26
17.6
11
26
17.6
11
26
17.6
26
17.6
26
17.6
Tolerance
Outsidediameter
m
S
m
W
DR
allthickness(minimum)
m
B
m
ead upinterface
stress
M
I
Pa
nitialbeadsize
(approx)
m
S
m
oaktime
s
M
econds
insoak
interfacestress
M
M
Pa
ax plate removal
time
s
F
econds
usioninterface
stress(after 10
C
secs)
oolinginterface
stress(after 10
secs)
MPa m
C
inutes
oolingtime inclamps
m
C
inutes
oolingtime out
of clamps
m
T
inutes
ypicalfinal
overallbead width
min max
mm mm
250
280
315
355
355
355
400
400
400
450
450
450
500
500
500
560
560
560
630
630
630
710
710
800
800
900
900
1000
2
1000
2.7
25.4
28.6
13.6
20.1
32.3
15.3
22.7
36.4
17.2
25.6
41.0
19.1
28.3
45.5
21.4
31.7
50.8
24.1
35.7
57.2
27.2
40.2
30.6
45.3
34.6
50.9
38.4
2
56.6
85
315
345
195
260
385
215
285
425
235
315
470
250
345
515
275
380
570
300
420
635
335
465
370
515
405
570
445
630
1
±3
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
0
10
.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
0.025
1
±0.01
5
16
17
13
15
18
14
15
18
14
16
19
15
16
20
15
17
22
16
18
23
16
19
17
20
18
22
19
2
23
4
25
26
22
24
27
23
24
27
23
25
28
24
25
29
24
26
31
25
27
32
25
28
26
29
27
31
28
7
32
.5
7.5
7.5
5
7.5
7.5
5
7.5
10
5
7.5
10
5
7.5
10
7.5
7.5
10
7.5
7.5
12.5
7.5
10
7.5
10
10
10
10
0
12.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0
±0.02
.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
2
±0.02
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
5
15
15
10
15
15
10
15
20
10
15
20
10
15
20
15
15
20
15
15
25
15
20
15
20
20
20
20
1
25
1
11
11
26
17.6
11
26
17.6
11
26
17.6
11
26
17.6
11
26
17.6
11
26
17.6
11
26
17.6
26
17.6
26
17.6
26
17.6
Tolerance
Fittings
Pipe fittings can be manufactured from pipe in a wide variety of sizes and pressure classes but mostly from 75mm OD upwards and Class 6 or higher. The fittings can be plain ended (for butt welding, electrofusion fittings or compression fittings) or have stubs fitted for flanges or Tech Clamps. Permissible working pressure is 60% of class of pipe used to fabricate fitting, e.g. 10 bar pipe produces a 6 bar fabricated fitting.
90º Bends
45º BendsFabricated Fittings - Dimensions
OD mm L(D)
Cmm
Lmm
1 R
mm mm
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
6
4
30
78
478
478
478
478
792
792
792
792
792
1178
1178
1178
1178
1450
1
1
800
60
160
160
160
160
280
280
280
280
280
400
400
400
400
560
6
3
00
95
395
395
395
395
637
637
637
637
637
968
968
968
968
1350
1
1
520
55
155
155
155
155
250
250
250
250
250
380
380
380
380
470
590
OD mm L(D)
Lmm
1 R
mm mm
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
6
2
30
38
238
238
238
238
238
238
405
405
405
405
405
590
590
590
590
900
9
3
00
95
395
395
395
395
395
395
637
637
637
637
637
968
968
968
968
1200
1
1
500
55
155
155
155
155
155
155
250
250
250
250
250
380
380
380
380
470
590
Bends90 Deg. Segmented BendR = Dia. x 3
C
L1
L
R
D
Bends45 Deg. Segmented BendR = Dia. x 3
L1
LR
D
16
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Tees
Machined Reducing Bushes
Fabricated Fittings - Dimensions
OD Hmm
Lmm mm
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
6
4
30
00
910
930
940
960
980
1000
1030
1050
1480
1520
1560
1600
1850
1900
2360
2
2
430
00
455
465
470
480
490
500
515
525
740
760
780
800
925
950
1180
1215
OD1 Omm
D2 L
mm mm
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
2
500
0
20 / 25
20 / 25 / 32
25 / 32 / 40
25 / 32 / 40 / 50
32 / 40 / 50 / 63
40 / 50 / 63 / 75
63 / 75 / 90
75 / 90 / 110
90 / 110 / 125
90 / 110 / 125 / 140
110 / 125 / 140 / 160
140 / 160 / 180
160 / 180 / 200
180 / 200 / 225
200 / 225 / 280
250 / 280
280 / 315
315 / 355
355 / 400
6
400 / 450
0
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
90
90
90
90
Equal TeePlain ended or Flanged
D
H
L
Machined Concentric ReducerS = Dimensions according to pressure (PN) of pipe
OD2
S
15mm30
10mm
S
L
OD1
10mm
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Note: The ID for all "Stubs" above = OD - 2 x wall thickness (see relevant specifications).
Stub Flange Detail
Tech-Stub Detail
Victaulic Stub Detail (HDPE)
Fabricated Fittings - Dimensions
D2
OD
A
B
D
H
L1
L2
L3
2r
OD
1
OD
2
OD
OD
3
ID
H
R=2R=2
OD
1
OD
2
OD
3
A B
Pipe
OD B H B H
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
D P
630
P N 12 - 20D N 4 - 10A 2
46
46
56
65
73
83
98
110
129
158
160
188
217
217
270
270
310
325
375
430
486
540
585
645
1
725
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
2
10
8
28
36
43
50
60
71
83
100
125
133
155
187
187
234
234
275
289
327
373
426
472
526
588
1
658
5
15
15
20
20
20
20
20
20
25
30
30
35
35
35
45
45
45
50
50
60
60
60
65
4
65
0
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
50
55
60
60
70
70
70
80
80
80
90
90
100
100
100
105
1
105
5
15
15
27
27
27
27
27
27
35
35
35
55
55
55
55
75
75
75
75
75
75
-
-
4
-
0
40
40
60
60
60
60
60
60
75
75
75
100
100
100
100
120
120
120
120
120
120
-
-
-
Pipe
OD
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
O
280
D L1 L 3L1O 2DO 3D2
122
148
156
177
204
222
248
272
1
304
38
167
175
196
224
246
272
297
1
326
15
130
145
165
185
205
230
255
2
285
3
22
28
32
33
34
46
35
3
38
5
32
40
44
44
47
33
50
5
53
3
55
60
65
65
68
74
75
78
Pipe V
OD
ictaulic C
size
lamp
size
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
6
250
3
90
90
110
110
160
160
160
225
225
250
O B H
250
DO A3DO 2D1
68.5
97
97
124.5
124.5
178.5
178.5
178.5
231.5
231.5
286
6
286
0
90
90
115
115
161
161
161
218
218
273
5
273
0.5
61
76
91
111
126
141
161
181
201.5
226.5
1
251.5
6
16
16
16.5
16.5
17
17
17
21
21
21
1
21
0
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
21
21
21
5
21
5
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
85
85
85
2
85
"
3"
3"
4"
4"
6"
6"
6"
8"
8"
10"
10"
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Buttweld Moulded Fittings
Buttwelding is a very economical and reliable jointing technique for making permanent welded joints, requiring only buttwelding equipment. Buttwelding is particularly suitable for prefabricating pipe sections and special fittings.Both Akatherm fittings with short spigot ends and fittings with long spigot ends are suitable for buttwelding. Only pipes and fittings from the same wall thickness series can be buttwelded together.
Stub Flanges
SDR 33
SDR 17 & 11
DE H
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
20
20
20
23
26
33
33
35
1
35
10
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
630
DL 1
125
132
155
175
181
232
235
285
291
335
373
427
514
530
615
3
642
7
42
34
34
32
42
52
40
50
40
57
49
27
37
25
45
D Z2
80
80
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
120
120
120
120
120
1
120
58
158
188
212
212
268
268
320
320
370
430
482
585
585
685
685
S
DE
DR 17 SDR 11
H H
11
12
14
16
17
18
18
18
18
20
24
24
25
25
25
30
33
46
46
50
2
50
0
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
L L D
630
1
7
9
10
11
12
14
16
17
18
25
25
25
30
32
32
35
35
35
40
46
60
60
60
60
24
23
18
14
43
37
42
34
34
30
36
46
35
45
35
30
42
14
24
10
2
30
7
33
40
50
61
75
89
105
125
132
155
175
181
232
235
285
291
335
373
427
514
530
615
3
642
0
28
27
24
23
18
14
35
37
35
27
27
20
28
38
25
35
25
20
29
10
10
20
D
20
Z2
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
80
80
80
80
80
80
100
100
100
100
100
120
120
120
120
120
4
120
5
58
68
78
88
102
122
138
158
158
188
212
212
268
268
320
320
370
430
482
585
585
685
685
D1
D2
DE
s
L
H
Z
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Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued
Tees 90°
• ?
SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11
DE L
249
262
293
318
356
385
442
465
536
530
658
690
890
1
895
10
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
Z I
50
47
48
55
59
55
59
70
80
75
95
104
130
1
130
21
132
145
160
175
194
212
232
268
263
330
345
450
450
DE L
50
60
72
88
116
146
170
200
240
250
280
320
390
430
480
550
620
700
658
682
890
2
890
0
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
Z I
8
10
12
16
21
24
28
23
43
26
32
40
73
70
72
86
105
111
95
104
130
2
130
5
30
36
44
58
73
85
100
120
125
140
160
195
215
240
275
310
350
330
345
450
450
S
DE
Z
L
I
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Reducing Tees
• ?
I
L
1
DE
1
S1
I 2
D
Z
E2
S2
SDR 17 & 11
DE D1
E2
50
32
50
63
32
50
63
75
32
50
63
75
90
63
90
110
63
75
90
110
63
75
90
110
6
125
3
75
75
75
90
90
90
90
110
110
110
110
110
125
125
125
140
140
140
140
160
160
160
160
160
L Z
103
107
107
117
85
94
135
138
91
101
156
151
152
110
170
170
120
130
130
137
174
179
179
201
2
150
15
255
253
255
203
203
269
272
230
230
309
309
310
264
335
335
291
291
291
291
340
340
340
390
315
I I1 2
56
46
55
63
23
27
63
70
22
27
64
70
79
31
91
82
32
35
38
43
64
74
79
83
6
47
3
70
70
70
52
52
79
73
65
65
83
82
82
70
110
87
82
81
81
50
98
98
98
98
58
DE D1
E2
63
75
90
110
125
160
63
90
110
125
160
75
90
110
125
160
180
110
160
110
160
225
1
250
80
180
180
180
180
180
200
200
200
200
200
225
225
225
225
225
225
250
250
315
315
315
315
L Z
132
140
200
210
160
206
145
162
160
165
178
227
227
227
173
244
283
190
213
290
310
335
3
340
48
348
395
395
348
412
382
388
388
388
388
445
445
445
435
488
553
435
440
555
585
650
680
I I1 2
30
30
97
98
50
91
41
38
40
43
53
75
79
83
40
98
131
37
58
100
120
145
1
150
25
112
136
140
92
101
143
125
120
114
98
118
118
117
135
119
131
134
110
170
170
170
170
SDR 17 & 11 continued
Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued
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Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued
Elbows 90°
DE
Z
R
S
SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11
DE
120
140
150
180
200
220
250
290
290
340
340
345
450
1
450
10
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
Z I R
110
125
140
155
175
197
230
265
280
300
300
300
400
1
400
0
15
10
25
25
23
20
25
10
40
40
45
50
50
DE
25
30
36
43
51
64
85
100
120
140
155
175
195
215
245
275
310
350
340
345
450
2
450
0
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
Z I R
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
300
300
400
5
400
5
4
3
1
1
10
10
10
15
15
15
15
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
50
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Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued
Reducers - Concentric
SDR 17
DE
S
1
2
S
D
1
E2
I 2I 1
L
SDR 33
DE D1
E2
140
160
180
140
160
180
200
160
180
200
225
200
225
250
200
225
250
2
280
00
200
200
225
225
225
225
250
250
250
250
280
280
280
315
315
315
315
L I1
50
50
50
60
55
55
55
60
60
60
60
80
80
80
90
90
90
1
90
54
151
151
160
171
171
171
194
182
182
182
200
200
200
230
230
230
230
I2
35
40
45
50
40
45
50
40
45
50
55
65
75
85
80
85
90
105
DE D1
E2
20
25
32
25
32
40
32
40
50
32
40
50
63
50
63
75
50
63
75
90
63
75
90
110
75
90
110
125
90
110
125
140
90
110
125
140
160
140
160
180
140
160
180
200
160
180
200
225
200
225
250
200
225
250
4
280
0
40
40
50
50
50
63
63
63
75
75
75
75
90
90
90
110
110
110
110
125
125
125
125
140
140
140
140
160
160
160
160
180
180
180
180
180
200
200
200
225
225
225
225
250
250
250
250
280
280
280
315
315
315
315
L I1
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
19
19
19
19
30
22
22
28
28
28
28
30
32
32
32
35
35
35
35
40
40
40
40
45
45
45
45
45
50
50
50
60
55
55
55
60
60
60
60
80
80
80
90
90
90
5
90
0
50
50
55
55
55
65
65
65
80
71
71
71
80
80
80
104
97
97
97
112
108
108
108
123
115
115
115
135
124
124
124
157
157
136
136
136
154
151
151
160
171
171
171
194
182
182
182
200
200
200
230
230
230
230
I2
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
12
16
19
12
16
19
22
16
19
22
28
19
22
28
32
22
28
32
35
22
28
32
35
40
35
40
45
50
40
45
50
40
45
50
55
65
75
85
80
85
90
105
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Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued
Reducers - Concentric Continued
DE
S
1
2
S
D
1
E2
I 2I 1
L
SDR 11
DE D1
E2
20
20
25
20
25
32
25
32
40
32
40
50
32
40
50
63
50
63
75
50
63
75
90
63
75
90
110
75
9
2
0
5
32
32
40
40
40
50
50
50
63
63
63
75
75
75
75
90
90
90
110
110
110
110
125
125
125
125
140
140
L I1
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
19
19
19
19
30
22
22
28
28
28
28
30
32
32
32
35
3
3
5
7
43
43
50
50
50
55
55
55
65
65
65
80
71
71
71
80
80
80
105
97
97
97
112
108
108
108
123
115
I2
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
12
16
19
12
16
19
22
16
19
22
28
19
22
DE D1
E L I2 1 I2
110
125
90
110
125
140
90
110
125
140
160
140
160
180
140
160
180
200
160
180
200
225
200
225
250
200
225
250
2
1
80
40
140
160
160
160
160
180
180
180
180
180
200
200
200
225
225
225
225
250
250
250
250
280
280
280
315
315
315
315
35
35
40
40
40
40
45
45
45
45
45
50
50
50
60
55
55
55
60
60
60
60
80
80
80
90
90
90
9
1
0
15
115
135
124
124
124
157
157
136
136
136
154
151
151
160
171
171
171
194
182
182
182
200
200
200
230
230
230
230
28
32
22
28
32
35
22
28
32
35
40
35
40
45
50
40
45
50
40
45
50
55
65
75
85
80
85
90
105
SDR 11 continued
24www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued
Reducers - Concentric Continued
DE2
S2
DE1
I 1
I 2
1
SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11
DE D1
E2
200
225
250
280
315
225
250
280
315
355
280
315
355
400
280
315
355
400
450
355
400
450
500
355
400
450
500
3
560
55
355
355
355
355
400
400
400
400
400
450
450
450
450
500
500
500
500
500
560
560
560
560
630
630
630
630
630
L I1
30
34
30
32
30
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1
25
83
170
125
100
72
196
175
148
118
84
192
161
127
88
235
205
170
131
88
222
183
140
97
283
244
200
157
105
I2
20
28
22
23
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
DE D1
E2
200
225
250
280
315
225
250
280
315
355
280
315
355
400
280
315
355
400
450
355
400
450
500
355
400
450
500
3
560
55
355
355
355
355
400
400
400
400
400
450
450
450
450
500
500
500
500
500
560
560
560
560
630
630
630
630
630
L I1
30
34
30
32
30
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
1
25
83
170
125
100
72
196
175
148
118
84
192
161
127
88
235
205
170
131
88
222
183
140
97
283
244
200
157
105
I2
20
28
22
23
21
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
25www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued
Reducers - Eccentric
DE
1
L
DE
2
S
I
1
1
I2
S2
DE D1
E2
90
110
125
140
110
125
140
160
125
140
160
180
140
160
180
200
160
180
200
225
180
200
225
250
200
225
250
1
280
60
160
160
160
180
180
180
180
200
200
200
200
225
225
225
225
250
250
250
250
280
280
280
280
315
315
315
315
L I1
54
45
44
33
54
52
41
43
61
50
41
43
65
57
48
40
62
54
55
40
66
58
52
47
78
62
57
1
54
40
120
110
90
140
130
110
100
150
130
110
100
160
140
120
100
160
140
130
100
170
150
130
110
190
160
140
120
I2
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
DED 2E
S
1
DR 17 SDR 11
L L
140
120
110
90
140
130
110
90
150
130
110
100
160
140
120
100
160
140
130
100
170
150
130
110
190
160
140
9
120
0
110
125
140
110
125
140
160
125
140
160
180
140
160
180
200
160
180
200
225
180
200
225
250
200
225
250
1
280
60
160
160
160
180
180
180
180
200
200
200
200
225
225
225
225
250
250
250
250
280
280
280
280
315
315
315
315
I I1I
1 2
140
120
110
100
140
130
120
100
150
130
120
100
160
140
120
110
170
150
130
110
180
160
140
120
190
170
150
130
54
45
44
33
54
52
41
33
61
50
41
43
65
57
48
40
62
54
55
40
66
58
52
47
78
62
57
54
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
5
40
4
45
44
43
54
52
51
43
61
50
51
43
65
57
48
50
72
64
55
50
76
68
62
57
78
72
67
64
SDR 33 SDR 17 & 11
26www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued
End Caps
Adaptors: with female thread
Adaptors: with male thread
L I
S
D
E
DE L
45
52
58
67
75
85
82
110
125
55
65
80
90
100
2
110
0
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
I
35
40
45
50
55
62
66
78
88
25
30
40
47
50
60
G
D
L
D
S
I
E
DE G
½"
¾"
½"
¾"
1"
¾"
1"
1¼"
½"
1"
1¼"
1½"
2"
2
2½"
5
25
32
32
32
40
40
40
50
50
50
50
63
75
IL
17
10
14
12
11
17
16
13
20
20
21
17
17
4
16
0
39
36
36
39
45
45
45
47
47
49
49
54
58
D
36
41
36
41
48
50
52
64
53
54
63
69
85
90
DE G
½"
¾"
1"
1¼"
1½"
2
2"
0
25
32
40
50
63
IL 1
19
22
28
29
32
4
35
6
51
61
66
74
80
I2
18
20
24
26
28
31
DES
L
G
I 1I 2
27www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
Sizes 20mm to 75mm inclusive are all110 mm long.Sizes 90mm and 110mm are 180mm long.
Buttweld Moulded Fittings - continued
Unions - Short
Unions - Long
The unions consists of:- PE union end and union bush- PVC nut- EPDM or FPM gasket
DE
Z
S
DE
Z
S
DE Z
190
190
190
190
190
190
260
300
2
340
0
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
SDR 17 & 11
28www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
39
Compression Fittings
Lamasat is also a proud supplier of Alprene range of compression and transition fittings. These fittings are available in sizes from 16 - 110mm and have a maximum operating pressure of 16 bar.
Alprene is renowned for quality products and services. Their compression fittings comply with the requirements of a number of South Africa specifications and, in Zambia.
The Alprene fitting design uses the mechanical advantage of the nut thread to place the seal into a compressed position. This means no resistance when inserting the pipe into the fitting, thus eliminating damage or displacement to the seal during installation. Furthermore the fittings have no loose components which can be incorrectly assembled or lost.
www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
29
Lamasat International we are proud distributors of the Alprene range of 10 bar rated compression fittings. Details of these fittings are set out in a separate “Alprene Compression Joints”
Full details of the dimensions and masses of each fitting is available in Lamasat's “Alprene Metric Technical Manual”. However included here below is an outline of the available range.
Couplings (16mm to 110mm) Slip Couplings (20mm to 63mm)
Reducing Couplings(20mm x 16mm to 110mm x 90mm)
Male Adaptors(16mm x ½" to 110mm x 4")
Female Adaptors(16mm x ½" to 110mm x 4")
Reducing Tees (25mm x 20mm to 63mm x 50mm)
Female Iron Tees(16mm x ½" to 110mm x 4")
Male Iron Tees (25mm x ½" and 25mm x ¾")
90° Elbows(16mm to 110mm)
90° Male Elbows (25mm x ¾" and 32mm x 1")
90° Female Elbows (16mm x ½" to 110mm x 4")
End Caps(16mm to 110mm)
Equal Tees (16mm to 110mm) Slip Tees (20mm to 63mm)
catalogue
30www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
Other Fittings
Magnum Polypropylene Saddles
To complete this comprehensive range of compression fittings Lamasat International also supply, range of polypropylene saddles for use on both PVC and HDPE pressure pipe.
The Lamasat Saddles and fittings are engineered for use above or below ground for the transfer of fluids; including water, chemicals or slurries, frequently encountered in the civil engineering and mining or irrigation industries.
Features
• PN 16 (Blue) pressure ratings.• Nitrile sealing gasket for excellent sealing performance and chemical resistance.• Suitable for contact with potable water.• High grade polypropylene body selected for its tough, high impact, lightweight, and durable properties.• Stainless steel reinforcing rings on threaded branch.• Bolt clips to facilitate easy assembly.• Hexagon moulding to prevent bolt turning during assembly.• Supplied with Zinc electroplated steel bolts and nuts.
Robust saddle tower design forlong term stress
Sealing gasket iscompressed ontopipe surface andprovides toleranceto scuffed, scratchedor oval pipe
Rounded body shapeprevents unnecessary stresson body during assembly
Reinforcing ribsstrengthen pressure
H
performance
exagonal groove preventsbolts from turning when
C
tightening nut
lipsprevent
bolt fromdisplacing
during
S
assembly
tainless steel reinforcementring provides superior support
to female off-take thread
Pipe External
diameter (mm)
25mm
25mm
32mm
32mm
32mm
40mm
40mm
40mm
50mm
50mm
50mm
63mm
63mm
63mm
63mm
63mm
75mm
75mm
75mm
75mm
75mm
75mm
90mm
90mm
90mm
90mm
90mm
90mm
110mm
110mm
110mm
110mm
110mm
110mm
160mm
160mm
160mm
160mm
1
T
60mm
hreaded off take
FI (BSP)
½"
¾"
½"
¾"
1" "
½¾
"
1" "
½¾
"
1" "
½¾
"
1"
1 ¼"
1 ½"
½"
¾"
1"
1 ¼"
1 ½"
2" "
½¾
"
1"
1 ¼"
1 ½"
2" "
½¾
"
1"
1 ¼"
1 ½"
2" "
1 ¾
"
1 ¼"
1 ½"
2"
414311www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
Flanges
Dimensions - Galvanised Steel (Stainless) Backing Rings.
Dimensions - mm Bolts Dimensions - mm Bolts Dimensions - mm B
S
olts
ABS 1123 1600/3 SABS 1123 1000/3 SABS 1123 600/3
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
6
S
30
ize
M10
M10
M10
M12
M12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20
M24
M
N
24
o.
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
16
16
20
20
2
P
0
CD
55
65
75
90
100
110
130
150
170
200
200
225
225
280
280
335
335
395
445
495
550
600
655
7
B
1
05
0
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
15
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
2
D
8
5
0
90
100
120
130
140
160
190
210
240
240
265
265
320
320
375
375
440
490
540
595
645
705
7
S
55
ize
M12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20
M24
M24
M24
M24
M
N
24
o.
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
16
16
20
20
20
2
P
0
CD
65
75
85
100
110
125
145
160
180
210
210
240
240
295
295
350
350
400
460
515
565
620
675
7
B
1
25
0
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
30
30
30
35
3
D
9
8
5
105
115
140
150
165
185
200
220
250
250
285
285
340
340
395
395
445
506
565
615
670
730
7
S
80
ize
M12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M20
M20
M20
M20
M24
M24
M24
M24
M24
M24
M30
M30
M
N
30
o.
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
12
16
16
20
20
20
2
P
0
CD
65
75
85
100
110
125
145
160
180
210
210
240
240
295
295
355
355
410
470
525
585
650
710
7
B
1
70
0
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
30
30
30
36
3
D
6
1
30
38
45
52
63
74
86
103
128
135
158
188
188
236
236
279
292
350
367
430
476
533
592
6
D
9
62
5
105
115
140
150
165
185
200
220
250
250
285
285
340
340
405
405
460
520
580
640
715
775
840
Pipe
Size
Size
Bolt Size
D1
P BCD
D
Dimensions - mm Bolts Dimensions - mm Bolts Dimensions - mm B
B
olts
S 10 Table D BS 10 Table E ASA 150Pipe
Size
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
6
S
30
ize
M12
M12
M12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M20
M20
M20
M20
M24
M24
M24
-
M
N
24
o.
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
12
16
16
-
2
P
0
CD
60.3
69.8
79.4
88.9
98.4
120.6
139.7
152.4
190.5
215.9
215.9
241.3
241.3
298.4
298.4
361.9
361.9
431.8
476.2
539.7
577.8
635
-
7
B
1
49.3
0
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
15
15
15
20
20
20
20
25
25
25
25
30
30
30
-
3
D
8
6
9
98.6
108
117.5
127
152.4
177.8
190.5
228.6
254
254
279.4
280
343
343
406.4
406.4
482.6
533.4
596.9
635
698.5
-
8
S
12.8
ize
M12
M12
M12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20
M24
M24
M24
M24
M24
M24
M
N
30
o.
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
1
P
6
CD
66.7
73
82.6
87.3
98.4
114.3
127
146
177.8
209.6
235
235
292
323.9
355.6
355.6
406.4
469.9
520.7
584.2
641.4
698
7
B
8
8
8
1
55.7
0
10
10
10
12
15
15
15
18
19
19
22
22
22
25
29
29
35
38
44
4
D
9
7
5.5
101.6
114.3
120.6
133.3
152.4
165.1
184.1
215.9
254
254
279.4
285
336.6
369
406.4
406.4
457.2
527.1
577.9
641.4
704.9
762
8
S
25.5
ize
M12
M12
M12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M20
M20
M20
M24
M24
M24
M24
M24
M
N
24
o.
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
12
12
12
12
16
16
1
P
6
CD
66.7
73
82.6
87.3
98.4
114.3
127
146
177.8
209.6
209.6
235
235
292
323.9
355.6
355.6
406.4
469.9
520.7
584.2
641.4
698
7
B
55.7
8
8
8
10
10
10
10
12
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
20
20
23
23
25
25
30
D
30
1
30
38
45
52
63
74
86
103
128
135
158
188
188
236
236
279
292
350
367
430
476
533
592
D
9
662
5.5
101.6
114.3
120.6
133.3
152.4
165.1
184.1
215.9
254
254
279.4
285
336.6
369
406.4
406.4
457.2
527.1
577.9
641.4
704.9
762
825.5
209.6
32www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
NOTE: The bolt diameters and lengths refer to flanges drilled to the above standard only. The lengths of bolts allow for gaskets and washers.
* Items marked thus depict different bolt quantities and sizes for Table 1 000 and Table 1 600 flanges respectively.
B
OD
OLTS LENGTH OF BOLTS
NO SP
IZElastic to Plastic
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
M
630
12
M12
M12
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M16
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20
M20/24*
M24
M24
M24/30*
M24/30*
4
M24/30*
4
4
4
4
4
4
8
8
8
8
8
8
8/12*
8/12*
12
12
12
12/16*
16
20
20
20
20
PN P4 - 10
N 12 - 20
75
75
75
100
100
100
100
100
125
125
125
180
180
180
180
230
230
230
230
255
255
-
-
7
-
5
75
75
90
90
90
90
90
115
115
115
140
140
140
165
180
180
200
200
230
230
230
230
300
Plastic to Steel
Bolt dimensions for flanged connectionFlange drilled to SABS 1193 (1977) Table 1 000 and 1 600
PN P4 - 10
N 12 - 20
65
65
65
75
75
75
75
75
90
90
90
125
125
125
125
165
165
165
165
165
180
-
-
6
-
5
65
65
75
75
75
75
75
90
90
90
115
115
125
125
125
140
140
140
165
165
165
165
200
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Tech Fittings
Tech fittings can be fabricated by butt-welding Tech stubs to any of the range of butt-weld fittings shown earlier so that they may be used with Tech Clamps.
Tech Clamp Detail:
Victaulic Fittings
As with Tech fittings, Victaulic fittings can be fabricated by butt-welding Victaulic stubs onto any of the range of butt-weld fittings. Victaulic Clamp Detail:
Pipe
OD
110
125
140
160
180
200
225
250
2
C
m
80
m
86
80
95
104
105
111
108
118
1
B
m
22
m
212
237
245
272
300
322
348
373
4
A
m
02
m
165
186
198
215
246
278
293
322
354
50
80
100
150
200
M
250
12
M16
M16
M16
M20
1
M20
13.0
146.0
184.0
232.0
308.0
1
365.0
46.0
186.0
232.0
279.0
356.0
4
410.0
4.5
63.5
63.5
89.0
111.0
6
111.0
1.0
90.5
116.0
167.0
221.0
6
275.0
8.0
98.0
123.0
176.0
233.0
8
287.0
2.5
111.0
141.5
194.0
255.5
3
314.5
5.0
35.0
38.0
38.0
44.0
2
44.0
5.0
25.0
27.0
27.0
30.0
N
30.0
ominal
size
A
mm
X
mm
Y
mm
Z
mm
B
mm
oltB
size
C
mm
D
mm
E
mm mm
B
A
ODC = Width
S
X
Z
Y
S
A
B
CDE
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Internal Diameter(mm)
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
500
Flow RateL/sec L/min
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.40.5
1
2
3
45
20
30
4050
100
200
300400500
1000
2000
300040005
1
2
3
45
1
000 0
2
0
30
4050
100
200
300400500
1000
2000
300040005000
10000
20000
300004000050000
3m/min
1 00
200
300
Flow Velocity(m/s)
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1
1.5
2
3
4
5
10
15
20
Hydraulic Gradientm/100m pipe
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
10
20
Diagram for water at 10°C Approximate values only
NOTE: For sizes not covered by Nomogram,please contact Technical Support Department.
Design Considerations
Flow
The flow charts given here have each been calculated for a particular SDR and can therefore by applied to various pressure classes depending on the material designation and design stress. Only sizes covered by SABS ISO 4427 have been included in these charts. The table on the right gives the PN classes (pressure in bar) covered by each SDR.
The nomogram and tables that follow provide a guide to friction losses that can be expected when using clean HDPE pressure pipes with clean water at 20°C. No account has been taken of any possible fittings in a line.
Nomogram
S PE100DR
----
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
20
-
3
---
3
26
21
17
13.6
11
9
7.4
PE80
4
----
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
20
PE63
3.2
4
----
6.3
8
10
12.5
16
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SDR 33
© Copyright
Size (mm-O.D.)
Wall thickness mm
7
Inside Diameter mm
5
2.3
7
1
0.4
10
3.3
1
1
03.4
25
3.8
1
1
17.4
40
4.2
1
1
31.6
60
4.8
1
2
50.4
00
6.1
1
2
87.8
50
7.6
2
3
34.8
15
9.5
2
3
96.0
55
10.8
3
4
33.4
00
12.1
3
4
02.6
50
13.6
4
5
22.8
00
15.2
4
5
69.6
60
17.0
526.0
G 3.P.H.
6
m/hr.
3
1.9
59.2
0.48
0.99
1.65
2.45
3.38
4.45
5.63
6.94
8
0
.36
.20
0.41
0.69
1.02
1.41
1.85
2.34
2.89
3.48
4.81
6.31
8
0
.00
.39
0.54
2.42
3
0
.07
.16
0.26
0.71
0.90
1.11
1.34
1.85
3.78
4.56
5.39
6
0
.29
.14
0.21
0.30
0.39
0.49
0.61
0.73
1.01
1.32
1.68
2.06
2.49
2.94
3.43
3.96
4.51
5.10
5
0
.71
.12
0.17
0.22
0.28
0.35
0.42
0.58
0.77
0.97
1.20
1.44
1.71
1.99
2.30
2.62
2.96
3.31
3.69
4.08
4.49
4
0
.92
.09
0.12
0.15
0.19
0.22
0.31
0.41
0.51
0.63
0.76
0.90
1.05
1.21
1.38
1.56
1.75
1.95
2.16
2.38
2.60
3.21
3
0
.86
.06
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.18
0.22
0.26
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.54
0.61
0.68
0.75
0.82
0.90
1.11
1.34
1.59
1.85
2.13
2.43
2.74
3
0
.08
.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.38
0.46
0.55
0.64
0.73
0.84
0.95
1.06
1.31
1.57
1.86
2.17
2
0
.50
.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.31
0.35
0.43
0.52
0.62
0.72
0.83
0.95
1.07
1.20
1.33
1.48
1.62
1.78
1
0
.94
0
.03
.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.41
0.47
0.54
0.61
0.68
0.76
0.84
0.92
1.01
1.10
1.19
1.29
1.39
1.50
1
0
.60
0
.03
0
.03
.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.27
0.30
0.34
0.38
0.43
0.47
0.52
0.57
0.62
0.67
0.73
0.79
0.85
0.91
0.97
1.03
1.10
1.17
1.24
1.31
1
0
.38
0
.03
.02
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.27
0.30
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.42
0.45
0.48
0.52
0.55
0.59
0.63
0.67
0.70
0.75
0.79
0.83
0.87
0.92
0.96
1.01
1.06
1.11
1
3
.21
96
792
1584
2376
3168
3960
4752
5544
6336
7128
7920
9504
11088
12672
14256
15840
17424
19008
20592
22176
23760
25344
26928
28512
30096
31680
35640
39600
43560
47520
51480
55440
59400
63360
71280
79200
87120
95040
102960
110880
118800
126720
134640
142560
150480
158400
166320
174240
182160
190080
198000
205920
213840
221760
229680
237600
245520
253440
261360
269280
277200
285120
293040
300960
308880
316800
332640
348480
364320
380160
3
1
96000
0.8
14.4
100.8
115.2
122.4
129.6
2
136.8
1.6
25.2
28.8
32.4
43.2
50.4
57.6
1
64.8
.8
3.6
7.2
18
36
72
79.2
86.4
93.6
108
144
162
180
198
216
234
252
270
288
324
360
396
432
468
504
540
576
612
648
684
720
756
792
828
864
900
936
972
1008
1044
1080
1116
1152
1188
1224
1260
1296
1332
1368
1404
1440
1512
1584
1656
1728
1
l
800
/s.
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
420
440
460
480
5
0
00
0
.03
0
.02
.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.33
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.43
0.45
0.48
0.50
0.53
0.56
0.58
0.61
0.64
0.67
0.73
0.79
0.86
0.93
1.00
435600
475200
514800
554400
594000
6
1
33600
980
2160
2340
2520
2700
2
5
880
50
600
650
700
750
800
90
2.7
84.6
1.11
2.27
3.77
5.60
7.74
10.16
1
0
2.87
.32
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.29
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.37
0.39
0.43
0.46
0.50
0.54
0.58
0.69
0.80
0.92
630
19.1
591.8
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.31
0.33
0.39
0.46
0.53
0.60
0.68
0.76
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Notes: 1. The colour coding represents the approximate velocity of the water in the size of pipe chosen.2. If two or more size columns have the same colouring then there is a choice of suitable sizes each with its own friction loss value.3. The range of velocities (metres per second) represented by the
Y
colours is as follows:
U
ellow
C
nshaded numbers above Yellow
olour Code
U
D
nshaded numbers below Tan
ark Green
T
-
an
0.5 to 0.99
<0.5 but not < 0.3
Velocity - m/s
-
>2.5 but not > 3.0
1.5 to 1.99
-
a
2.0 to 2.49
t
smaller pipe may be more suitable
C
oo bigomments
about right
a bigger pipe may be more suitable
too small
Light Green - a1.0 to 1.49 bout right
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SDR 26
How to read the charts:
1. Choose the particular chart for the material designation (PE 100, PE 80, PE 63) and pressure class (PN 16, PN 10 etc.) of pipe being used.2. In one of the first 3 columns find the nearest value of the quantity of water to be pumped. The three columns give the quantity of water in different units.
GPH = Gallons per hour,
m³/hr = cubic metres per hour,
l/s = litres per second.3. Run your eye along the horizontal line found in instruction 2 above until you get to numbers which are shaded light green. The number in the shaded block is the friction loss (expressed in metres per 100 metres) for the size of pipe given at the top of the particular column.4. The reverse sequence
630
24.2
581.6
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.31
0.33
0.36
0.42
0.50
0.57
0.65
0.74
450
17.3
415.4
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.21
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.56
0.60
0.64
0.68
0.72
0.77
0.81
0.86
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1
0
.20
0
.04
0
.04
.03
0.05
0.06
0
0
.06
0
.03
.02
Size (mm-O.D.)
Wall thickness mm
5
Inside Diameter mm
0
1.9
4
7
6.2
5
2.9
6
9
9.2
0
3.5
8
1
3.0
10
4.2
1
1
01.6
25
4.8
1
1
15.4
40
5.4
1
1
29.2
60
6.2
1
2
47.6
00
7.7
1
2
84.6
50
9.6
2
3
30.8
15
12.1
2
3
90.8
55
13.7
3
4
27.6
00
15.4
369.2
G 3.P.H.
4
m/hr.
0
1.6
36.8
1
0
.20
.35
2.46
4.09
6.08
8.39
1
1
1.02
.79
2
0
.66
.53
1.08
3.67
4.83
6.11
7.53
9
3
.07
0
.16
.22
0.45
0.75
1.12
1.54
2.03
2.57
3.81
5.26
6.91
8
0
.76
0
.29
.17
0.43
0.59
0.77
0.98
1.21
1.45
2.01
2.64
3.34
4.11
4.96
5.87
6
0
.84
.23
0
0
.32
.16
0.42
0.53
0.66
0.79
1.09
1.44
1.82
2.24
2.70
3.20
3.73
4.29
4.90
5
0
.53
0
.31
.09
0
0
.38
.14
0
0
.46
.19
0
0
.64
.25
0.84
1.06
1.31
1.57
1.86
2.17
2.51
2.86
3.23
3.62
4.03
4.46
4.90
5
0
.37
0
.24
.13
0.16
0
0
.20
.10
0.34
0.44
0.56
0.69
0.83
0.99
1.15
1.33
1.51
1.71
1.92
2.13
2.36
2.60
2.85
3.51
4
3
.22
96
792
1584
2376
3168
3960
4752
5544
6336
7128
7920
9504
11088
12672
14256
15840
17424
19008
20592
22176
23760
25344
26928
28512
30096
31680
35640
39600
43560
47520
51480
55440
59400
63360
71280
79200
87120
95040
102960
110880
118800
126720
134640
142560
150480
158400
166320
174240
182160
190080
198000
205920
213840
221760
229680
237600
245520
253440
261360
269280
277200
285120
293040
300960
308880
316800
332640
348480
364320
380160
3
1
96000
0.8
14.4
100.8
115.2
122.4
129.6
2
136.8
1.6
25.2
28.8
32.4
43.2
50.4
57.6
1
64.8
.8
3.6
7.2
18
36
72
79.2
86.4
93.6
108
144
162
180
198
216
234
252
270
288
324
360
396
432
468
504
540
576
612
648
684
720
756
792
828
864
900
936
972
1008
1044
1080
1116
1152
1188
1224
1260
1296
1332
1368
1404
1440
1512
1584
1656
1728
1
l
800
/s.
0.5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
420
440
460
480
500
435600
475200
514800
554400
594000
6
1
33600
980
2160
2340
2520
2700
2
5
880
50
600
650
700
750
800
63
2.4
58.2
10.69
2
3
1.91
0
.13
.92
3.61
7.40
12.32
1
1
8.28
0
.06
.31
500
19.2
4
5
61.6
60
21.5
517.0
1
0
.08
0
.03
0
.02
.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.39
0.41
0.44
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.63
0.66
0.70
0.73
0.79
0.86
0.93
1.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.30
0.32
0.33
0.35
0.37
0.39
0.41
0.42
0.46
0.50
0.54
0.59
0.63
0.75
0.87
0.29
0.34
0.40
0.46
0.52
0.59
0.66
0.73
0.81
0.89
0.98
1.21
1.45
1.72
2.01
2.31
2.64
2.98
3
0
.34
0
.08
.06
0.07
0.12
0.15
0.19
0.24
0
0
.16
.14
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.31
0.34
0.42
0.50
0.59
0.69
0.80
0.91
1.03
1.15
1.42
2
1
.36
.71
2
0
.02
.10
0
0
.12
.05
0.07
0.08
0
0
.09
0
.08
.08
0.10
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.30
0.34
0.38
0.47
0.57
0.67
0.78
0.90
1.03
1.16
1.30
1.45
1.61
1
0
.77
0
.05
.05
0.06
0
0
.07
.03
0.04
0
0
.08
.06
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.22
0.27
0.32
0.38
0.44
0.51
0.58
0.66
0.74
0.82
0.91
1.00
1.10
1.19
1.30
1.40
1.51
1
0
.63
0
.05
0
.05
.04
0
0
.06
.03
0.03
0.04
0
0
.07
0
.06
.05
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.22
0.25
0.29
0.33
0.37
0.42
0.46
0.51
0.57
0.62
0.68
0.73
0.79
0.86
0.92
0.99
1.05
1.12
1.20
1.27
1.35
1
0
.42
0
.04
0
.04
0
.03
0
.03
.02
0.03
© Copyright
0.02
0.02
0.02
37www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
SDR 21
Notes: 1. The colour coding represents the approximate velocity of the water in the size of pipe chosen.2. If two or more size columns have the same colouring then there is a choice of suitable sizes each with its own friction loss value.3. The range of velocities (metres per second) represented by the
Y
colours is as follows:
U
ellow
C
nshaded numbers above Yellow
olour Code
U
D
nshaded numbers below Tan
ark Green
T
-
an
0.5 to 0.99
<0.5 but not < 0.3
Velocity - m/s
-
>2.5 but not > 3.0
1.5 to 1.99
-
a
2.0 to 2.49
t
smaller pipe may be more suitable
C
oo bigomments
about right
a bigger pipe may be more suitable
too small
Light Green - a1.0 to 1.49 bout right
630
30.0
570.0
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.32
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.47
0.55
0.63
0.72
0.81
355
16.9
321.2
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.21
0.24
0.29
0.35
0.42
0.49
0.58
0.64
0.72
0.81
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.31
1.43
1.54
1
0
.66
0
.05
0
.04
.04
0.05
0.06
0
0
.06
0
.03
.03
Size (mm-O.D.)
Wall thickness mm
3
Inside Diameter mm
2
1.6
2
5
8.8
0
2.4
4
6
5.2
3
3.0
5
7
7.0
5
3.6
6
9
7.8
0
4.3
8
1
1.4
10
5.2
9
1
9.6
25
6.0
1
1
13.0
40
6.7
1
1
26.6
60
7.6
1
2
44.8
00
9.5
1
2
81.0
50
11.9
2
3
26.2
15
15.0
285.0
G 3.P.H.
2
m/hr.
5
1.6
21.8
1
0
2.17
.39
9
0
.27
.26
0.32
1.33
2.72
4.52
6.71
1
0
0.00
.58
1.19
1.98
2.93
4.05
5.32
6.74
8
0
.30
.24
0.50
0.83
1.23
1.69
2.22
2.82
3.47
4.18
5.78
7
0
.59
.19
0.32
0.47
0.65
0.85
1.08
1.33
1.60
2.21
2.90
3.67
4.52
5.45
6
0
.45
.10
0.17
0.26
0.35
0.47
0.59
0.73
0.87
1.21
1.59
2.01
2.48
2.98
3.53
4.12
4.75
5.41
6
l
.12
/s.
40
1.9
36.2
400
19.0
3
4
62.0
50
21.4
407.2
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.17
0.20
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.36
0.41
0.46
0.51
0.56
0.62
0.68
0.74
0.81
0.87
0.94
1.01
1.08
1.16
1.23
1.31
1.40
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.16
0.18
0.21
0.23
0.26
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.39
0.42
0.46
0.50
0.54
0.58
0.62
0.66
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.84
0.89
0.94
0.99
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.21
1
0
.27
.27
0.34
0.42
0.51
0.70
0.92
1.17
1.44
1.74
2.05
2.40
2.76
3.15
3.56
3.99
4.44
4
0
.91
.10
0.15
0.21
1.08
1.26
1.45
1.66
1.87
2.10
2.34
2.59
2.85
3.12
3
0
.84
0
.27
.22
0.37
0.49
0.62
0.76
0
0
.91
.14
0
0
.18
.08
0.11
0.37
0.44
0.50
0.57
0.65
0.72
0.81
0.89
0.98
1.08
1.32
1.60
1.89
2.20
2.54
2.90
3
0
.27
0
.32
0
.26
0
.21
0
.09
.08
0.13
0
0
.17
.06
1.00
1.13
1.27
1.56
1.88
2.23
2
0
.60
0
.17
.15
0.20
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.31
0.34
0.37
0.46
0.55
0.65
0.76
0
0
.88
0
.11
0
.09
.07
0
0
.13
.04
0.06
0.86
0.99
1.13
1.28
1.43
1.60
1.77
1
0
.95
0
.08
0
.07
.07
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.22
0.25
0.29
0.33
0.38
0.42
0.52
0.62
0
0
.74
0
.06
0
.05
.04
0.04
500
23.8
4
5
52.4
60
26.7
506.6
1.11
0
1.03
.95
79
158
238
317
396
475
554
634
713
792
1584
2376
3168
3960
4752
5544
6336
7128
7920
9504
11088
12672
14256
15840
17424
19008
20592
22176
23760
25344
26928
28512
30096
31680
35640
39600
43560
47520
51480
55440
59400
63360
71280
79200
87120
95040
102960
110880
118800
126720
134640
142560
150480
158400
166320
174240
182160
190080
198000
205920
213840
221760
229680
237600
245520
253440
261360
269280
277200
285120
293040
300960
308880
316800
332640
348480
364320
380160
396000
435600
475200
514800
554400
594000
6
1
33600
.4
1.8
43.2
57.6
64.8
72
7
2
9.2
.5
2.9
3.2
3.6
10.8
14.4
18
0
21.6
.4
0.7
1.1
2.2
7.2
25.2
28.8
32.4
36
50.4
86.4
93.6
100.8
108
115.2
122.4
129.6
136.8
144
162
180
198
216
234
252
270
288
324
360
396
432
468
504
540
576
612
648
684
720
756
792
828
864
900
936
972
1008
1044
1080
1116
1152
1188
1224
1260
1296
1332
1368
1404
1440
1512
1584
1656
1728
1800
1980
2160
2340
2520
2700
2880
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.22
0.23
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.31
0.33
0.35
0.37
0.39
0.41
0.43
0.45
0.47
0.51
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.69
0.82
0
0
.96
.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
420
440
460
480
500
550
600
650
700
750
8
4
1
00
2
.52
.21
7.52
2
1
5.65
5.42
2
1
0.25
1.17
31.60
3
1
8.08
.20
1.99
2.96
4
0
.08
.58
5.37
6.80
8.37
10.09
3
3
4.41
2
.39
0
.81
.67
0.99
1.37
1.80
2.28
11.56
2
0
3.69
.34
0.48
8
0
.22
.63
0.79
0.98
1.18
4.01
13.67
20.29
0
0
.70
.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.21
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.35
0.37
0.40
0.43
0.45
0.48
0.51
0.54
0.57
0.60
0.63
0.67
0.73
0.77
0.80
0.87
© Copyright
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
38www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
SDR 17 630
37.1
555.8
0
0.02
.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.29
0.30
0.33
0.36
0.38
0.41
0.45
0.53
0.62
0.71
0.81
355
20.9
313.2
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.33
0.40
0.47
0.55
0.63
0.72
0.82
0.91
1.02
1.13
1.24
1.36
1.48
1.61
1
0
.74
0
.05
0
.05
.04
0.06
0.07
0
0
.07
0
.04
.03
Size (mm-O.D.)
Wall thickness mm
3
Inside Diameter mm
2
1.9
2
5
8.2
0
2.9
4
6
4.2
3
3.7
5
7
5.6
5
4.4
6
9
6.2
0
5.3
7
1
9.4
10
6.5
9
1
7.0
25
7.4
1
1
10.2
40
8.2
1
1
23.6
60
9.4
1
2
41.2
00
11.8
1
2
76.4
50
14.7
2
3
20.6
15
18.5
278.0
G 3.P.H.
2
m/hr.
5
1.6
21.8
1
0
3.71
.44
1
0
0.43
.29
0.36
1.49
3.06
5.09
7.56
1
0
1.21
.65
1.33
2.21
3.29
4.54
5.96
7.55
9
0
.30
.27
0.56
0.93
1.38
1.91
2.51
3.17
3.91
4.71
6.50
8
0
.54
.22
0.36
0.53
0.73
0.96
1.22
1.50
1.81
2.50
3.29
4.16
5.13
6.18
7
0
.32
.12
0.19
0.29
0.40
0.52
0.66
0.82
0.99
1.36
1.79
2.27
2.79
3.36
3.98
4.64
5.35
6
l
.10
/s.
40
2.4
35.2
400
23.5
3
4
53.0
50
26.5
397.0
0
0
.03
.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.19
0.23
0.27
0.31
0.36
0.41
0.46
0.52
0.58
0.64
0.70
0.77
0.84
0.91
0.98
1.06
1.14
1.22
1.31
1.39
1.48
0
0.03
.02
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.30
0.33
0.36
0.40
0.44
0.48
0.52
0.56
0.61
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.01
1.06
1.12
1.18
1.24
1
0
.30
.30
0.38
0.47
0.57
0.79
1.03
1.31
1.61
1.95
2.30
2.69
3.10
3.53
3.99
4.47
4
0
.98
.11
0.17
0.23
1.22
1.42
1.64
1.87
2.11
2.37
2.64
2.92
3.21
3.52
4
0
.33
0
.30
.25
0.42
0.55
0.69
0.86
1
0
.03
.16
0
0
.20
.09
0.12
0.42
0.49
0.57
0.65
0.73
0.82
0.91
1.01
1.11
1.22
1.50
1.81
2.14
2.49
2.87
3
0
.27
0
.36
0
.30
0
.24
0
.10
.09
0.14
0
0
.19
.07
1.13
1.27
1.43
1.76
2.12
2
0
.51
0
.20
.17
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.31
0.35
0.38
0.42
0.52
0.62
0.74
0.86
0
0
.99
0
.12
0
.10
.08
0
0
.15
.05
0.07
0.97
1.12
1.28
1.44
1.62
1.80
1
0
.99
0
.09
0
.08
.07
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.17
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.37
0.42
0.47
0.58
0.70
0
0
.83
0
.06
0
.06
0
.04
.03
0.05
500
29.4
4
5
41.2
60
32.9
494.2
1.07
79
158
238
317
396
475
554
634
713
792
1584
2376
3168
3960
4752
5544
6336
7128
7920
9504
11088
12672
14256
15840
17424
19008
20592
22176
23760
25344
26928
28512
30096
31680
35640
39600
43560
47520
51480
55440
59400
63360
71280
79200
87120
95040
102960
110880
118800
126720
134640
142560
150480
158400
166320
174240
182160
190080
198000
205920
213840
221760
229680
237600
245520
253440
261360
269280
277200
285120
293040
300960
308880
316800
332640
348480
364320
380160
396000
435600
475200
514800
554400
594000
6
1
33600
.4
1.8
43.2
57.6
64.8
72
7
2
9.2
.5
2.9
3.2
3.6
10.8
14.4
18
0
21.6
.4
0.7
1.1
2.2
7.2
25.2
28.8
32.4
36
50.4
86.4
93.6
100.8
108
115.2
122.4
129.6
136.8
144
162
180
198
216
234
252
270
288
324
360
396
432
468
504
540
576
612
648
684
720
756
792
828
864
900
936
972
1008
1044
1080
1116
1152
1188
1224
1260
1296
1332
1368
1404
1440
1512
1584
1656
1728
1800
1980
2160
2340
2520
2700
2880
0
0.03
.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.33
0.35
0.37
0.39
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.53
0.57
0.62
0.67
0.73
0.78
0
0
.82
.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
420
440
460
480
500
550
600
650
700
750
8
4
1
00
2
.52
.21
7.52
2
1
5.65
5.42
2
1
0.25
1.17
31.60
3
1
8.08
.32
2.20
3.27
4
0
.52
.65
5.93
7.51
9.26
11.15 3
3
.87
0
.21
0
.77
.46
1.14
1.57
2.06
2.61
1
0
3.21
.38
0.53
9
0
.14
.70
0.88
1.09
1.31
4.46
15.21
0
0
.79
.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.31
0.34
0.37
0.39
0.42
0.45
0.48
0.51
0.54
0.58
0.61
0.64
0.68
0.71
0.75
0.82
0.86
0.90
0.98
© Copyright
0.02
0.02
0.02
How to read the charts:
1. Choose the particular chart for the material designation (PE 100, PE 80, PE 63) and pressure class (PN 16, PN 10 etc.) of pipe being used.2. In one of the first 3 columns find the nearest value of the quantity of water to be pumped. The three columns give the quantity of water in different units.
GPH = Gallons per hour,
m³/hr = cubic metres per hour,
l/s = litres per second.3. Run your eye along the horizontal line found in instruction 2 above until you get to numbers which are shaded light green. The number in the shaded block is the friction loss (expressed in metres per 100 metres) for the size of pipe given at the top of the particular column.4. The reverse sequence
39www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
SDR 13.6
Notes: 1. The colour coding represents the approximate velocity of the water in the size of pipe chosen.2. If two or more size columns have the same colouring then there is a choice of suitable sizes each with its own friction loss value.3. The range of velocities (metres per second) represented by the
Y
colours is as follows:
U
ellow
C
nshaded numbers above Yellow
olour Code
U
D
nshaded numbers below Tan
ark Green
T
-
an
0.5 to 0.99
<0.5 but not < 0.3
Velocity - m/s
-
>2.5 but not > 3.0
1.5 to 1.99
-
a
2.0 to 2.49
t
smaller pipe may be more suitable
C
oo bigomments
about right
a bigger pipe may be more suitable
too small
Light Green - a1.0 to 1.49 bout right
630
46.3
537.4
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.28
0.29
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.35
0.38
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.62
0.72
0.83
315
23.2
268.6
Size (mm-O.D.)
Wall thickness mm
2
Inside Diameter mm
5
1.8
2
4
1.4
0
2.9
3
5
4.2
0
3.7
4
6
2.6
3
4.6
5
7
3.8
5
5.5
6
9
4.0
0
6.6
7
1
6.8
10 .1
98
1
3.8
25
9.2
1
1
06.6
40
10.3
1
1
19.4
60
11.8
1
2
36.4
00
14.7
1
2
70.6
50
18.4
213.2
G 3.P.H.
2
m/hr.
0
1.6
16.8
l/s.
32
2.4
27.2
355
26.1
3
4
02.8
00
29.4
341.2
450
33.1
3
5
83.8
00
36.8
426.4
79
158
238
317
396
475
554
634
713
792
1584
2376
3168
3960
4752
5544
6336
7128
7920
9504
11088
12672
14256
15840
17424
19008
20592
22176
23760
25344
26928
28512
30096
31680
35640
39600
43560
47520
51480
55440
59400
63360
71280
79200
87120
95040
102960
110880
118800
126720
134640
142560
150480
158400
166320
174240
182160
190080
198000
205920
213840
221760
229680
237600
245520
253440
261360
269280
277200
285120
293040
300960
308880
316800
332640
348480
364320
380160
396000
435600
475200
514800
5
1
54400
.4
1.8
43.2
57.6
64.8
72
7
2
9.2
.5
2.9
3.2
3.6
10.8
14.4
18
0
21.6
.4
0.7
1.1
2.2
7.2
25.2
28.8
32.4
36
50.4
86.4
93.6
100.8
108
115.2
122.4
129.6
136.8
144
162
180
198
216
234
252
270
288
324
360
396
432
468
504
540
576
612
648
684
720
756
792
828
864
900
936
972
1008
1044
1080
1116
1152
1188
1224
1260
1296
1332
1368
1404
1440
1512
1584
1656
1728
1800
1980
2160
2340
2520
560
41.2
477.6
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
420
440
460
480
500
550
600
650
7
1
0
00
.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.33
0.35
0.37
0.39
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.49
0.51
0.54
0.57
0.59
0.62
0.67
0.73
0.79
0.85
0
0
.92
.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.43
0.46
0.50
0.53
0.57
0.60
0.64
0.68
0.72
0.76
0.80
0
0
.84
.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.31
0.35
0.39
0.43
0.47
0.51
0.56
0.61
0.66
0.71
0.76
0.82
0.88
0.93
0.99
1.06
1.12
1.18
1.25
0
1.32
.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.22
0.26
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.54
0.61
0.68
0.75
0.82
0.90
0.98
1.07
1.16
1.25
1.34
1.44
0
1.54
.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.32
0.39
0.47
0.55
0.65
0.74
0.85
0.96
1.07
1.20
1.32
1.46
1.60
0
1.74
.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.20
0.24
0.29
0.34
0.39
0.44
0.50
0.56
0.69
0.83
0.98
1.14
1.32
1.50
1.70
0
1.90
.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.30
0.33
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.49
0.61
0.73
0.87
1.01
1.16
1.33
1.50
1.68
2.07
0
2.49
.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.17
0.22
0.28
0.35
0.42
0.50
0.58
0.67
0.76
0.86
0.96
1.07
1.18
1.30
1.43
1.76
2.12
2.51
2.92
0
3.37
.10
0.14
0.19
0.24
0.30
0.36
0.49
0.65
0.82
1.01
1.22
1.44
1.68
1.93
2.21
2.49
2.79
3.11
3.44
3.79
0
4.15
.13
0.20
0.27
0.36
0.45
0.56
0.67
0.93
1.22
1.55
1.90
2.29
2.72
3.17
3.65
4.16
4.70
0
5.27
.14
0.23
0.34
0.47
0.61
0.78
0.96
1.16
1.60
2.10
2.65
3.27
3.94
4.66
5.44
0
6.27
.25
0.42
0.62
0.86
1.13
1.43
1.76
2.13
2.94
3.86
4.89
6.02
0
7.25
.32
0.66
1.09
1.62
2.24
2.94
3.72
4.58
5.52
0
7.62
.22
0.76
1.56
2.60
3.86
5.33
7.01
8.87
0
10.93
.27
0.34
0.42
0.51
1.75
3.58
5.96
8.84
0
12.21
.31
0.46
0.63
0.83
1.05
1.29
1.56
5.32
10.90
0
18.13
.53
0.88
1.30
1.80
2.36
2.99
3.69
4.44
0
15.16
.77
1.57
2.62
3.89
5.37
7.05
8.93
11.00
2
13.25
.41
4.94
8.22
12.20
16.84
22.13
28.02
34.52
2
41.60
.24
7.64
15.66
26.07
38.69
53.42
0
© Copyright
.02
0.02
0.02
40www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
SDR 11 630
57.3
515.4
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.26
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.37
0.39
0.41
0.43
0.47
0.51
0.55
0.59
0.64
0.76
0.88
315
28.6
257.8
25
2.3
2
4
0.4
0
3.6
3
5
2.8
0
4.5
4
6
1.0
3
5.7
5
7
1.6
5
6.8
6
9
1.4
0
8.2
7
1
3.6
10
10.0
9
1
0.0
25
11.4
1
1
02.2
40
12.7
1
1
14.6
60
14.5
1
2
31.0
00
18.2
1
2
63.6
50
22.7
2
2
04.6
0
1.8
1
3
6.4
2
2.9
26.2
355
32.3
2
4
90.4
00
36.4
327.2
450
40.9
3
5
68.2
00
45.5
409.0
560
50.9
458.2
Size (mm-O.D.)
Wall thickness mm
Inside Diameter mm
G 3.P.H. lm/hr. /s.
79
158
238
317
396
475
554
634
713
792
1584
2376
3168
3960
4752
5544
6336
7128
7920
9504
11088
12672
14256
15840
17424
19008
20592
22176
23760
25344
26928
28512
30096
31680
35640
39600
43560
47520
51480
55440
59400
63360
71280
79200
87120
95040
102960
110880
118800
126720
134640
142560
150480
158400
166320
174240
182160
190080
198000
205920
213840
221760
229680
237600
245520
253440
261360
269280
277200
285120
293040
300960
308880
316800
332640
348480
364320
380160
396000
435600
475200
514800
5
1
54400
.4
1.8
43.2
57.6
64.8
72
2
79.2
.5
2.9
3.2
3.6
10.8
14.4
18
0
21.6
.4
0.7
1.1
2.2
7.2
25.2
28.8
32.4
36
50.4
86.4
93.6
100.8
108
115.2
122.4
129.6
136.8
144
162
180
198
216
234
252
270
288
324
360
396
432
468
504
540
576
612
648
684
720
756
792
828
864
900
936
972
1008
1044
1080
1116
1152
1188
1224
1260
1296
1332
1368
1404
1440
1512
1584
1656
1728
1800
1980
2160
2340
2
0
520
.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
420
440
460
480
500
550
600
650
7
1
0
00
.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.45
0.49
0.53
0.56
0.60
0.65
0.69
0.73
0.78
0.83
0.87
0.92
0.97
1.02
1.08
1.13
1.18
1
0
.24
.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.22
0.25
0.29
0.33
0.38
0.42
0.47
0.52
0.57
0.63
0.68
0.74
0.80
0.87
0.93
1.00
1.07
1.14
1.21
1.29
0
1.36
.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.22
0.27
0.32
0.38
0.45
0.51
0.59
0.66
0.74
0.83
0.91
1.01
1.10
1.20
1.30
1.41
1.52
0
1.64
.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.27
0.30
0.34
0.38
0.47
0.57
0.68
0.79
0.91
1.04
1.17
1.31
1.46
1.62
0
1.78
.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.41
0.47
0.54
0.61
0.68
0.84
1.01
1.19
1.39
1.60
1.83
0
2.07
.05
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.36
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.74
0.89
1.05
1.23
1.42
1.61
1.82
2.04
0
2.52
.08
0.10
0.12
0.15
0.21
0.27
0.34
0.42
0.51
0.60
0.71
0.81
0.93
1.05
1.17
1.31
1.45
1.59
1.74
2.15
2.59
3.06
0
3.57
.09
0.13
0.18
0.23
0.29
0.36
0.43
0.60
0.78
0.99
1.22
1.47
1.75
2.04
2.35
2.67
3.02
3.39
3.77
4.17
4.59
0
5.03
.16
0.24
0.33
0.44
0.55
0.68
0.82
1.13
1.48
1.88
2.32
2.79
3.30
3.85
4.44
5.06
0
5.72
.17
0.28
0.41
0.57
0.75
0.95
1.17
1.41
1.95
2.56
3.25
4.00
4.82
5.70
0
6.65
.15
0.31
0.51
0.76
10.5
1.38
1.75
2.15
2.59
3.58
4.70
5.95
0
7.33
.39
0.80
1.34
1.98
2.74
3.60
4.56
5.61
6.76
0
9.34
.23
0.27
0.93
1.91
3.17
4.71
6.50
8.54
0
10.82
.33
0.42
0.52
0.62
2.13
4.37
7.27
10.79
0
14.90
.37
0.55
0.76
1.00
1.26
1.55
1.87
6.38
0
13.08
.64
1.07
1.59
2.20
2.89
3.66
4.50
5.43
0
18.50
.92
1.88
3.13
4.65
6.41
8.43
10.67
13.15
0
15.84
.89
3.03
6.20
10.32
15.32
21.16
27.80
35.21
2
43.37
.51
8.57
17.57
29.24
43.40
59.93
16
1.6
12.8
8.20
27.96
57.31
© Copyright
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.33
0.35
0.38
0.40
0.43
0.45
0.48
0.51
0.54
0.57
0.60
0.63
0.66
0.69
0.72
0.75
0.82
0.89
0.97
1
0
.04
.02
0.02
0.03
How to read the charts:
1. Choose the particular chart for the material designation (PE 100, PE 80, PE 63) and pressure class (PN 16, PN 10 etc.) of pipe being used.2. In one of the first 3 columns find the nearest value of the quantity of water to be pumped. The three columns give the quantity of water in different units.
GPH = Gallons per hour,
m³/hr = cubic metres per hour,
l/s = litres per second.3. Run your eye along the horizontal line found in instruction 2 above until you get to numbers which are shaded light green. The number in the shaded block is the friction loss (expressed in metres per 100 metres) for the size of pipe given at the top of the particular column.4. The reverse sequence
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SDR 9 315
35.0
245.0
25
2.8
1
4
9.4
0
4.4
3
5
1.2
0
5.6
3
6
8.8
3
7.0
4
7
9.0
5
8.3
5
9
8.4
0
10.0
7
1
0.0
10
12.2
8
1
5.6
25
13.9
9
1
7.2
40
15.6
1
1
08.8
60
17.8
1
2
24.4
00
22.2
1
2
55.6
50
27.8
1
2
94.4
0
2.2
1
3
5.6
2
3.6
24.8
355
39.4
2
4
76.2
00
44.4
311.2
450
50.0
3
5
50.0
00
55.6
388.8
Size (mm-O.D.)
Wall thickness mm
Inside Diameter mm
G 3.P.H. lm/hr. /s.
79
158
238
317
396
475
554
634
713
792
1584
2376
3168
3960
4752
5544
6336
7128
7920
9504
11088
12672
14256
15840
17424
19008
20592
22176
23760
25344
26928
28512
30096
31680
35640
39600
43560
47520
51480
55440
59400
63360
71280
79200
87120
95040
102960
110880
118800
126720
134640
142560
150480
158400
166320
174240
182160
190080
198000
205920
213840
221760
229680
237600
245520
253440
261360
269280
277200
285120
293040
300960
308880
3
1
16800
.4
1.8
43.2
57.6
64.8
72
7
2
9.2
.5
2.9
3.2
3.6
10.8
14.4
18
0
21.6
.4
0.7
1.1
2.2
7.2
25.2
28.8
32.4
36
50.4
86.4
93.6
100.8
108
115.2
122.4
129.6
136.8
144
162
180
198
216
234
252
270
288
324
360
396
432
468
504
540
576
612
648
684
720
756
792
828
864
900
936
972
1008
1044
1080
1116
1152
1188
1224
1260
1296
1332
1368
1404
1
0
440
.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
4
1
0
00
.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.29
0.33
0.36
0.40
0.44
0.48
0.53
0.57
0.62
0.67
0.72
0.77
0.82
0.88
0.93
0.99
1.05
1.11
1.17
1.24
0
1.30
.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.23
0.28
0.32
0.37
0.43
0.48
0.54
0.60
0.66
0.73
0.80
0.87
0.95
1.02
1.10
1.19
1.27
1.36
0
1.45
.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.17
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.34
0.41
0.49
0.57
0.65
0.74
0.84
0.94
1.05
1.16
1.28
1.40
1.53
0
1.66
.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.18
0.21
0.25
0.29
0.34
0.39
0.44
0.49
0.60
0.73
0.86
1.00
1.15
1.32
1.49
1.67
0
1.86
.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.31
0.38
0.45
0.52
0.60
0.68
0.77
0.87
1.07
1.28
1.52
1.77
2.04
0
2.33
.05
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.15
0.19
0.22
0.27
0.31
0.36
0.41
0.46
0.52
0.57
0.63
0.70
0.77
0.94
1.14
1.34
1.57
1.81
2.06
2.33
0
2.61
.08
0.10
0.13
0.16
0.19
0.26
0.35
0.44
0.54
0.65
0.77
0.90
1.03
1.18
1.33
1.49
1.66
1.84
2.02
2.21
2.73
3.28
0
3.89
.11
0.16
0.22
0.29
0.37
0.46
0.55
0.76
1.00
1.27
1.57
1.89
2.23
2.61
3.00
3.42
3.87
4.33
4.83
0
5.34
.12
0.21
0.31
0.42
0.56
0.71
0.87
1.05
1.45
1.90
2.41
2.97
3.57
4.23
4.94
0
5.69
.21
0.35
0.53
0.73
0.95
1.21
1.49
1.79
2.48
3.26
4.12
5.08
6.12
0
7.25
.19
0.39
0.65
0.96
1.33
1.75
2.22
2.73
3.29
4.54
5.97
0
7.56
.50
1.02
1.70
2.52
3.48
4.57
5.79
7.13
0
8.59
.23
0.29
0.35
1.18
2.42
4.03
5.98
8.25
10.84
0
13.73
.32
0.43
0.54
0.66
0.80
2.73
5.59
9.30
0
13.81
.48
0.71
0.99
1.29
1.64
2.02
2.43
8.30
0
17.02
.40
0.82
1.36
2.02
2.79
3.66
4.64
5.72
6.89
0
23.49
.35
1.19
2.44
4.07
6.04
8.34
10.95
13.87
17.08
1
20.59
.13
3.85
7.89
13.12
19.48
26.89
35.33
3
44.75
.19
10.88
22.31
37.12
55.09
16
1.8
12.4
9.54
32.53
66.68
Notes: 1. The colour coding represents the approximate velocity of the water in the size of pipe chosen.2. If two or more size columns have the same colouring then there is a choice of suitable sizes each with its own friction loss value.3. The range of velocities (metres per second) represented by the
Y
colours is as follows:
U
ellow
C
nshaded numbers above Yellow
olour Code
U
D
nshaded numbers below Tan
ark Green
T
-
an
0.5 to 0.99
<0.5 but not < 0.3
Velocity - m/s
-
>2.5 but not > 3.0
1.5 to 1.99
-
a
2.0 to 2.49
t
smaller pipe may be more suitable
C
oo bigomments
about right
a bigger pipe may be more suitable
too small
Light Green - a1.0 to 1.49 bout right
© Copyright
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SDR 7.4 315
42.6
229.8
25
3.4
1
4
8.2
0
5.4
2
5
9.2
0
6.8
3
6
6.4
3
8.5
4
7
6.0
5
10.1
5
9
4.8
0
12.2
6
1
5.6
10
14.9
8
1
0.2
25
16.9
9
1
1.2
40
18.9
1
1
02.2
60
21.6
1
2
16.8
00
27.0
1
2
46.0
50
33.8
1
2
82.4
0
2.7
1
3
4.6
2
4.3
23.4
355
48.0
2
4
59.0
00
54.1
291.8
450
60.8
328.4
Size (mm-O.D.)
Wall thickness mm
Inside Diameter mm
G 3.P.H. lm/hr. /s.
79
158
238
317
396
475
554
634
713
792
1584
2376
3168
3960
4752
5544
6336
7128
7920
9504
11088
12672
14256
15840
17424
19008
20592
22176
23760
25344
26928
28512
30096
31680
35640
39600
43560
47520
51480
55440
59400
63360
71280
79200
87120
95040
102960
110880
118800
126720
134640
142560
150480
158400
166320
174240
182160
190080
198000
205920
213840
221760
229680
2
1
37600
.4
1.8
43.2
57.6
64.8
72
7
2
9.2
.5
2.9
3.2
3.6
10.8
14.4
18
0
21.6
.4
0.7
1.1
2.2
7.2
25.2
28.8
32.4
36
50.4
86.4
93.6
100.8
108
115.2
122.4
129.6
136.8
144
162
180
198
216
234
252
270
288
324
360
396
432
468
504
540
576
612
648
684
720
756
792
828
864
900
936
972
1008
1044
1
0
080
.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
3
1
0
00
.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.26
0.32
0.38
0.44
0.51
0.58
0.65
0.73
0.81
0.90
0.99
1.08
1.18
1.28
1.39
1.50
0
1.61
.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.23
0.26
0.30
0.34
0.38
0.46
0.56
0.66
0.77
0.89
1.01
1.14
1.28
1.43
1.58
1.74
0
1.90
.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.24
0.29
0.34
0.40
0.46
0.52
0.59
0.66
0.82
0.99
1.17
1.36
1.57
1.79
0
2.02
.05
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.21
0.23
0.26
0.29
0.31
0.34
0.42
0.51
0.61
0.71
0.81
0.93
1.05
1.17
1.45
1.74
2.06
0
2.41
.06
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.16
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.36
0.42
0.48
0.55
0.62
0.70
0.78
0.86
0.95
1.04
1.28
1.54
1.82
2.13
2.45
2.79
0
3.15
.08
0.10
0.14
0.17
0.21
0.26
0.36
0.47
0.59
0.73
0.88
1.04
1.21
1.40
1.59
1.80
2.02
2.25
2.49
2.74
3.00
3.69
0
4.45
.15
0.22
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.62
0.75
1.03
1.36
1.72
2.11
2.55
3.02
3.52
4.05
4.62
5.22
0
5.86
.17
0.28
0.41
0.57
0.75
0.95
1.17
1.41
1.95
2.56
3.25
4.00
4.82
5.70
0
6.65
.14
0.29
0.48
0.71
0.98
1.29
1.64
2.02
2.43
3.36
4.41
5.59
0
6.88
.26
0.53
0.89
1.32
1.82
2.39
3.02
3.73
4.49
6.20
0
8.14
.20
0.68
1.39
2.31
3.43
4.74
6.23
7.89
9.72
0
11.71
.25
0.32
0.39
0.47
1.60
3.28
5.46
8.10
11.18
0
14.69
.32
0.44
0.57
0.73
0.90
1.08
3.69
7.56
0
12.57
.65
0.97
1.34
1.76
2.22
2.74
3.30
11.26
0
23.08
.55
1.12
1.87
2.77
3.82
5.02
6.36
7.84
9.45
1
32.22
.57
3.22
5.37
7.96
11.00
14.45
18.30
22.54
1
27.16
.53
5.22
10.69
17.79
26.41
36.47
4
47.91
.38
14.93
30.60
50.91
75.57
16
2.2
11.6
13.11
44.72
91.66
© Copyright
How to read the charts:
1. Choose the particular chart for the material designation (PE 100, PE 80, PE 63) and pressure class (PN 16, PN 10 etc.) of pipe being used.2. In one of the first 3 columns find the nearest value of the quantity of water to be pumped. The three columns give the quantity of water in different units.
GPH = Gallons per hour,
m³/hr = cubic metres per hour,
l/s = litres per second.3. Run your eye along the horizontal line found in instruction 2 above until you get to numbers which are shaded light green. The number in the shaded block is the friction loss (expressed in metres per 100 metres) for the size of pipe given at the top of the particular column.4. The reverse sequence
43www.lamasatinternational.com | Email: [email protected]
Pressure Considerations
Dynamic
The pressure classes of SABS ISO 4427 HDPE pipes are based on constant internal water pressures. HDPE pipes are however capable of handling dynamic pressure events which exceed the values given by the classes but such occurrences can have a negative effect on the standard 50 year life expectancy and in extreme cases can result in product failure.
Water Hammer
Pipelines may be subjected to short-term increase in pressure above the normal working pressure due to water hammer. Water hammer will occur in a pipeline when its equilibrium is disturbed by rapid changes in flow conditions. Examples of such conditions are: starting and stopping of pumps, rapid opening and closing of valves, pipe failures, etc.
A rapid change in the velocity Äv of water in the pipeline gives rise to a pressure increase Äp according to the formula:
Äp = cÄv/g
Where: c = wave celerity (metres per second) g = acceleration due to gravity
The approximate wave celerities for HDPE pipes are as follows:
Note:1. Since part of the formula for calculating wave celerity incorporates the ratio between diameter and wall thickness (SDR), which is roughly constant for all sizes within a pressure class, the wave celerities are also constant for all sizes within a pressure class.2. By way of comparison the wave celerity for steel pipes is about 3-5 times higher than for HDPE 1000 to 1400 m/s.
Pressure Considerations
Static
s s
s
s
The hydrostatic pressure capacity of HDPE pipe is related to a number of variables:• The ratio between the outside diameter and the wall thickness (standard dimension ratio - SDR).• The hydrostatic design stress of the HDPE material being used (PE63, PE 80, PE100).• The operating temperature.• The duration and variability of the stress applied by the internal hydrostatic pressure.• The chemical resistance of the pipe to the chemical being carried (the standard pressure rating is based on a pipe carrying water).
Although HDPE pipe can withstand short-term hydrostatic water pressures at levels substantially higher than the pressure rating, or class, (see “The Stress Regression Line” and “Design Stress and Safety Factor” ) the duty of HDPE pipe should always be based on the pipe's long-term strength at 20°C to ensure a design life of at least 50 years.
As stated earlier, the relationship between the internal pressure, the diameter and wall thickness and the circumferential hoop stress in the pipe wall, is given by the Barlow Formula, which can also be expressed as follows.
or alternatively t = p x d
d (2. + P)
Where: p = internal pressure (MPa) t = minimum wall thickness (mm) d = mean outside diameter (mm)
= circumferential hoop stress (MPa)
These formulae have been standardized for use in design, testing and research and are applicable at all levels of pressure and stress.
For design purposes, p is taken as the maximum allowable working pressure and , the maximum allowable hoop stress at 20°C.
The design hoop stresses used in SABS ISO 4427 are as follows:
on pages 8 & 9
p = 2 x t x s s
s
s
Material
PE 63
PE 80
P
D
E 100
esign Stress
5 MPa
6.3 MPa
8 MPa
WaSDR ve Celerity - m/s
33
26
21
17
13.6
11
9
7
1
.4
90
215
242
270
307
349
395
450
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It is important to note that the pressure increase due to water hammer in a particular class of pipe is a function of the change in velocity and it is therefore important (for this and other reasons) to keep pumping velocities in a pipeline within the conventional norm of 1 to 2 m/s.
In general, steps should be taken during design and operation to minimize the frequency and intensity of water hammer. However the total pressure may be permitted to reach a value 50% higher than the nominal pressure if the frequency can be described as “occasional”.
Pressure de-rating factors should be applied to HDPE pipes when operating temperatures rise above 20°C. The de-rating factors below are applicable to HDPE:
N.B. The maximum recommended working temperature is 50°C.
At lower temperatures, between 20°C and 0°C, the pressure handling capability does increase but it is recommended that this be ignored. In the unlikely event of water freezing inside an HDPE pipe damage is unlikely to occur. Nonetheless it is recommended that the pipeline system be protected against freezing to obviate flow restrictions.
Due to the relatively high co-efficient of expansion and contraction (given in “Expansion and Contraction” earlier) it is necessary to make allowance for this in any design and installation which is exposed to wide variations of temperature.
Temperature considerations
Effect on Pressure
Effect on Dimensions
HDPE pipes will expand or contract by 0.2mm per metre per °C rise or fall in temperature. A 30°C temperature rise will therefore cause a 36 mm expansion of a 6 metre pipe.
It has been well established by researchers over many years that, for flexible pipes, it is the interaction between the soil and the pipe which has to be considered more extensively than is the case for rigid pipes where the material strength of the pipe is the critical issue. The points discussed here are given as a guide only to good design by the engineer.
The vertical load on a HDPE pipe due to soil is a function of the trench width and depth, the unit weight and type of the soil and the pipe diameter and wall thickness. This loading must generally be corrected for the fact that the soil is cohesive and the side fill reacts with the fill above the pipe. Furthermore flexible pipes deflect and shed load to the side fill. This vertical deflection is limited by lateral soil resistance. The resultant load is therefore less than that which column theory suggests.
The Soil Loading graphs overleaf show that, after initial rapid increases with increased depth, this rate of increase falls away to almost zero at depths of about 6 metres or more. Typical maximum values of soil loads (without live loads) are between 500 and 27000 N/m (for sizes up to 630mm), depending largely on soil type, modulus and pipe stiffness. As soil compaction is increased so the maximum soil load on the pipe reduces, assuming that good backfilling procedures have been followed.
If a 60KN live load is added then the soil load increases dramatically (if compaction is poor but less dramatically if it is good) at shallow depths, but from about 3 metres deep this difference becomes negligible. As can be seen from the Deflection vs Soil Load graph there is a straight line relationship between deflection and soil load for each size and class of pipe. Therefore when the soil load reaches a maximum then the deflection is also at a maximum.
Trench Load Considerations
Soil and Traffic Loads
MTemperature ultiply WorkingPressure by:
0 - 20ºC
20 - 25ºC
25 - 30ºC
30 - 35ºC
35 - 40ºC
40 - 45ºC
4
1
5 - 50ºC
.0
0.8
0.63
0.5
0.4
0.32
0.25
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These graphs include the maximum soil loads from the Soil Loading graphs and as can be seen the maximum deflection (for the conditions represented) is less than 2% - for a 630 mm SDR 26 pipe - even with a 60 KN live load. This Deflection vs Soil Loading graph also shows that the small diameter, lower pressure-class pipes (thinner walls) are at the left hand side of the graph and are almost vertical while the bigger diameter, higher pressure class pipes are progressively further right and are not as vertical. Large diameter pipes carry more load because of their greater surface area thicker pipes carry more soil load because it is more difficult to deflect them since less load shedding occurs.
The graphs have been based on calculations using values typical for reasonable backfill material which has been poorly compacted (soil modulus of 3 mPa) and on two scenarios excluding and including a 60 kN live load. Trench widths of 0.4m, 0.6m, 0.7m, 0.8m and 0.9m were used for the following groups of pipe sizes:50mm - 160mm, 200mm - 315mm,355mm - 400mm, 450mm - 500mm and560mm - 630mm. Different soil cover over the pipes were used, varying from 0.9m to 10m. The method of calculation was provided by Professor David Stephenson of Witwatersrand University.
The effect of these loads on HDPE pipes is very similar to that on PVC pipes.
160mm SDR 26
160mm SDR 13.6
160mm SDR 9
250mm SDR 26
250mm SDR 13.6
250mm SDR 9
355mm SDR 26
355mm SDR 13.6
355mm SDR 9
450mm SDR 26
450mm SDR 13.6
450mm SDR 9
630mm SDR 26
630mm SDR 13.6
0.9
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
1.2 1.5 2
Depth of Cover - Metres
So
il L
oa
d -
N/m
4 6 8 10
Soil Loading on HDPENo Live Load
Soil Modulus : 3MPa
So
il L
oad
- N
/m
Soil Loading on HDPEWith 60 KN Live Load
Soil Modulus : 3MPa
160mm SDR 26
160mm SDR 13.6
160mm SDR 9
250mm SDR 26
250mm SDR 13.6
250mm SDR 9
355mm SDR 26
355mm SDR 13.6
355mm SDR 9
450mm SDR 26
450mm SDR 13.6
450mm SDR 9
630mm SDR 26
630mm SDR 13.6
0.9 1.2 1.5 2 4 6 8 10
30 000
25 000
20 000
15 000
10 000
5 000
0
Depth of Cover - Metres
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Note:Calculations with a higher soil modulus (not shown), implying better compaction, show much lower deflection percentages and reduce the gap between the static soil load and the live load.
Soil Load - N/m
Deflection vs Soil Load HDPENo Live Load
Soil Modulus : 3MPa
160mm SDR 26
160mm SDR 13.6
160mm SDR 9
250mm SDR 26
250mm SDR 13.6
250mm SDR 9
355mm SDR 26
355mm SDR 13.6
355mm SDR 9
450mm SDR 26
450mm SDR 13.6
450mm SDR 9
630mm SDR 26
630mm SDR 13.6
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
5 0
00
10
00
0
15
00
0
20
00
0
25
00
0
30
00
0
De
fle
cti
on
- %
30
00
0
Soil Load - N/m
Deflection vs Soil Load HDPE60 KN Live Load
Soil Modulus : 3MPa
2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
5 0
00
10
00
0
15
00
0
20
00
0
25
00
0
De
fle
cti
on
- %
160mm SDR 26
160mm SDR 13.6
160mm SDR 9
250mm SDR 26
250mm SDR 13.6
250mm SDR 9
355mm SDR 26
355mm SDR 13.6
355mm SDR 9
450mm SDR 26
450mm SDR 13.6
450mm SDR 9
630mm SDR 26
630mm SDR 13.6
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Above Ground installation
For exposed above-ground pipework proper anchorage and support is essential. It must cater for thermal stresses or movement over the ambient temperature range to which the pipe system will be exposed.
Above-ground HDPE systems should preferably be installed at or near maximum operating temperature. This will ensure that the pipe is thermally expanded when clamps or supports are bolted into position and the pipe will be prevented from contracting. Tensile stresses will develop as the pipework cools, and the pipeline will therefore remain straight between supports. When reheated to installation temperature, any sagging will be minimized.
When suspending HDPE pipes the recommended centre distance between supports at 20°C is given
by the graph below. The graph is based on PE 63 material and Classes 6 and 10.
As a rule of thumb the following adjustments can be made for variations in temperature and class.
Reduce the centre distance by 3% for every 10°C increase in temperature. Increase the centre distance by 2.5% for every 10% increase in wall thickness above Class 6.
Pipe clamps used for anchorage and support should have flat, non-abrasive contact faces, or be lined with rubber sheeting and should not be over-tightened. The width of support brackets and hangers should normally be either 100mm or half the nominal pipe diameter, whichever is the greater. Support brackets should allow free axial movement.
Bending
One of the important features of using HDPE pipes is its flexibility.
However it is important that the bending radius at any point should not be less than 20 times the pipe outside diameter when at an ambient temperature of 20°C. When lower temperatures are encountered it is necessary to progressively increase the minimum bending radius by a factor of up to 2.5 times at 0°C.
Support Centres at 20ºC
Class 10
Class 6
Linear (Class 10)
Linear (Class 6)
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
25 40 63 90 160
250
355
450
560
Pipe Diameter - mm
Su
pp
ort
Ce
ntr
es
- M
etr
es
Radius = minimum 20 x Pipe diameter
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