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Property of Lear Siegler
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TERMINAL LEARNING OBJECTIVEAt the completion of this lesson the student will:
Action: Plan a flight
Condition: Given a VFR flight mission, required equipment, charts and publications
Standard: In Accordance With (IAW) Army Regulation (AR) 95-1, 14 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Part 91, Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) and the Sectional Aeronautical Chart
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #1
Action: Select the applicable publication concerning rules or regulations governing flight conditions
Condition: Given a condition of flight within U.S. airspace and a copy of AR 95-1 and 14 CFR Part 91
Standard: IAW AR 95-1 and 14 CFR Part 91
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AR 95-1
Applicability: This regulation applies to all Army, Army National Guard of the United States, and U.S. Army Reserve aircraft systems and persons involved in the
operation, aviation training,standardization, and maintenance of such
aircraft and systems.Property of Lear Sielger
AR 95-1
Purpose: This regulation establishes procedures, policies, and responsibilities
for aircrew training, standardization,and the operation of Army aircraft.
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14 CFR PART 91
Applicability:a. Applies only in the United States and it’s territories.b. Applies to both civil and military aircraft
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14 CFR PART 91
Purpose:a. Regulates the operation of aircraft.b. Regulates the actions of airmen.c. Defines and regulates airspace.
Limits:a. Does not apply to operations over high seas.b. Pilot may deviate for safety of flight.
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EMERGENCIES!
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EMERGENCIES: AR 95-1para 1-6. Deviations a. Individuals may deviate from provisions of this regulation during emergencies. b. Individuals who deviate from the provisions of this regulation, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), orhost country regulations must report details of the incident directly to their unit commander. The incident must be reported within 24 hours after it occurs.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #2
Action: Select the basic VFR cloud clearances governing flight in controlled airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW FAR Part 91
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Basic VFR Cloud Clearancein Class B Airspace
3 SM Visibility
Clear of Clouds
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Basic VFR Cloud Clearancein Class C and Class D Airspace
1000’ above
2000’ horizontal3 SM Visibility
500’ below
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= > 10,000 feet MSL
1000’ above
1 SM horizontal
Basic VFR Cloud Clearancein Class E Airspace
5 SM Visibility
< 10,000 feet MSL
1000’ above
2000’ horizontal3 SM Visibility
500’ below
1000’ below
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18,000 feet MSL
Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #3
Action: Select the correct rules/regulations governing flight within Class A airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
Airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control
service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR flights in accordance with the airspace classification.
Airspace classifications areClass A, Class B,
Class C, Class D, Class E.Property of Lear Sielger
CLASS E
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CLASS A
Airspace designated in 14 CFR Part 71, within which there is positive control of aircraft.
Class A airspace is designated throughout most of the
conterminous United States.
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Flight Level 600
18,000 Feet MSL
Dimensions - Class AOperating requirements in
Class A - All IFR
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #4
Action: Select regulations governing Class B airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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CLASS B
Controlled airspace extending upward from the surface or higher to specified altitudes within
which all aircraft are subject to operating rules and pilot and equipment requirements specified in
14 CFR part 91.(The nation’s busiest airports in terms of IFR
operations or passenger enplanements.)
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Class B - Profile View
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PRIMARYAIRPORT
BLUECONCENTRIC
CIRCLES
LATERALDIMENSIONSAS DEPICTED
VERTICALDIMENSIONSAS CHARTED
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PRIMARYAIRPORT
BLUECONCENTRIC
CIRCLES
LATERALDIMENSIONSAS DEPICTED
VERTICALDIMENSIONSAS CHARTED
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MODE “C” VEIL
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MAGENTACONCENTRIC
CIRCLE
LATERAL DIMENSIONS -THIRTY NAUTICAL MILES
FROM CENTER OFPRIMARY AIRPORT
VERTICAL DIMENSIONSSURFACE TO
10,000 FEET MSL
Mode C Veil
MO
DE
CM
OD
E C30
NM
30 NM
30 NM
CEILING - 10,000 FT MSL
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Mode C VeilMode C Veil
Class BOperating Requirements:
• ATC Clearance required prior to entry.
• 4096 Code Transponder with Mode C required while operating within the thirty mile veil.
• Maintain 3 SM visibility and remain clear of clouds.
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VFR Cloud Clearance in Class B Airspace
3 SM Visibility
Clear Of Clouds
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Operating within the thirty nautical mile veil
(outside of Class B):
• Two-way radio and initial contact not required.
• Mode C and squawking VFR (1200) is required.
• VFR cloud clearances for airspace classification.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #5
Action: Select regulations governing flight within Class C airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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CLASS C
Regulatory airspace surrounding designated airports wherein ATC
provides radar vectoring and sequencing on a full time basis
for all VFR and IFR aircraft.
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PRIMARYAIRPORT
MAGENTACONCENTRIC
CIRCLES
LATERALDIMENSIONS
DEPICTED
VERTICALDIMENSIONS
CHARTED
5NM10N
M
CLASS C AIRSPACEProperty of Lear Sielger
PRIMARYAIRPORT
MAGENTACONCENTRIC
CIRCLES
LATERALDIMENSIONS
DEPICTED
VERTICALDIMENSIONS
CHARTEDCLASS C AIRSPACE
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Class C
Core surface area - surface to 4,000 feet above airport elevation and 5 NM
radius from airport center.
5 NM
4,0
00
FT
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Class C
10 NM
1,2
00
FT
to
4,0
00
FT
Shelf area - 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above airport elevation and 10 NM
radius from airport center.
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Class C Operating Requirements:
• Mandatory use is required within 10NM and two-way radio communication must be maintained while within Class C airspace.
• Mode C required within and above all Class C airspace up to 10,000 ft MSL.
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Class C Operating Requirements:
• Operations from satellite airports located within Class C airspace require two-way radio communications with theATC facility having jurisdiction over the airspace.
• Basic VFR cloud clearances apply.
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Basic VFR Cloud Clearance in Class C Airspace
1000’ above
2000’ horizontal3 SM Visibility
500’ below
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #6
Action: Select regulations governing flight within Class D airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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CLASS D
Controlled airspace around an airportat which a control tower is operating.
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PRIMARYAIRPORT
BLUESEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTALBOUNDARIES
TAILORED
VERTICALLIMITS
CHARTED CLASS D AIRSPACEProperty of Lear Sielger
PRIMARYAIRPORT
BLUESEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTALBOUNDARIES
TAILORED
VERTICALLIMITS
CHARTED CLASS D AIRSPACEProperty of Lear Sielger
Surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation,horizontal
boundaries individually tailored.
2,5
00
FT
CLASS DProperty of Lear Sielger
Class D Operating Requirements:
• Required to establish radio communications for operations within Class D airspace.
• Communications required if landing or departing to/from satellite airports within the Class D airspace.
• Maintain basic cloud clearance and visibility.
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Basic VFR Cloud Clearance in Class D Airspace
1000’ above
2000’ horizontal3 SM Visibility
500’ below
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #7
Action: Select regulations governing flight within Class E airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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CLASS E
If airspace is controlled airspaceand it is not Class A, B, C, or D,it is Class E airspace. Class E airspace begins at the surface
or a higher specified altitude, andextends upward to the
overlying controlled airspace.
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SURFACE BASEDCLASS E
1. An airport without a control tower.
2. Exists when the operating control tower shuts down and an approved weather observation system is in operation and communications are available to the surface.
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SURFACE BASEDCLASS E
3. Extensions to surface areas of other controlled airspace.
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NO CONTROLTOWER
MANGENTASEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTALBOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACENO CONTROL TOWER
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NO CONTROLTOWER
MAGENTASEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTALBOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACENO CONTROL TOWER
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BLUESEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTALBOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACETOWER SHUTS DOWN
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CONTROLTOWER SHUTS DOWN
BLUESEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTALBOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACETOWER SHUTS DOWN
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CONTROLTOWER SHUTS DOWN
MAGENTASEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTALBOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACEEXTENSION TO SURFACE AREA
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MAGENTASEGMENTED
LINE
HORIZONTALBOUNDARIES
TAILORED
SURFACE BASED CLASS E AIRSPACEEXTENSION TO SURFACE AREA
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CLASS EALOFT AREAS
1. Controlled airspace beginning at 700 FT or 1200 FT AGL used to transition from the terminal or enroute environment.
2. Controlled airspace beginning at a higher MSL altitude.
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INSIDE OFMAGENTA
VIGNETTE =700 FT
AGL BASE
HORIZONTALBOUNDARIES
TAILORED
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS700 FT BASE
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INSIDE OFMAGENTA
VIGNETTE =700 FT
AGL BASE
HORIZONTALBOUNDARIES
TAILORED
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS700 FT BASE
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CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS1200 FT AGL BASE
OUTSIDE OFMAGENTA =
1200 FTAGL BASE
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CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS1200 FT AGL BASE
OUTSIDE OFMAGENTA =
1200 FTAGL BASE
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CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS1200 FT AGL BASE OR HIGHER WHEN
ABUTTING CLASS G AIRSPACE
INSIDE OF BLUEVIGNETTE =
BASE 10,500 FT MSL(IN THIS EXAMPLE)
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CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREAS1200 FT AGL BASE OR HIGHER WHEN
ABUTTING CLASS G AIRSPACEProperty of Lear Sielger
INSIDE OF BLUEVIGNETTE =
BASE 10,500 FT MSL(IN THIS EXAMPLE)
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREASFLOORS GREATER THAN 700 FT AGL
FLOOR OF CLASS E AIRSPACE IS
GREATER THAN 700 FT AGL IN
AREA DESIGNATED BY “TRACTOR
TREAD” DESIGN
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THE FLOOR OF CLASS E
AIRSPACE IS AT14,500 FT MSL
UNLESS DESIGNATED AT A LOWER
ALTITUDE
CLASS E AIRSPACE ALOFT AREASBASE 14,500 FT MSL Property of Lear Sielger
Class E Operating Requirements:
• No Special Equipment requirements when less than 10,000 FT MSL. If at or above 10,000 FT MSL, transponder with Mode C capability is required.
• Maintain basic VFR cloud clearance requirements for flight altitude.
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= > 10,000 feet MSL
1000’ above
1 SM horizontal
Basic VFR Cloud Clearance in Class E Airspace
5 SM Visibility
< 10,000 feet MSL
1000’ above
2000’ horizontal3 SM Visibility
500’ below
1000’ below
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #8
Action: Select regulations governing flight within Class G airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW AR 95-1 and 14 CFR Part 91
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CLASS G
That portion of the airspace that has not been designated as
Class A, B, C, D, or E airspace is Class G.
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Class G Dimensions
Airspace outside of or below controlled airspace.
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CLASS EClass G equipment requirements:
VFR - none
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CLASS E
Class G, at or below 1,200 FT AGL, regardless of MSL altitude;
operate clear of clouds,
at a rate of speed to see and avoid obstacles and other traffic,
1/2 mile vis day, 1 mile vis night.
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CLASS E
Class G, above 1,200 FT AGL, but below 10,000 FT MSL;
500 FT below clouds, 1000 FT above clouds, 2000 FT horizontally
from clouds,
maintain 1 SM visibility day, 3 SM visibility night.
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CLASS E
Class G, above 1,200 FT AGL and at or above 10,000 FT MSL;
1000 FT below clouds, 1000 FT above clouds, 1 mile horizontally from clouds, and maintain 5 SM
visibility.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #9
Action: Identify requirements for Special VFR flight
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW AR 95-1 and 14 CFR Part 91
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SPECIAL VFR REQUIREMENTS:
1. Air Traffic Control clearance required.
2. Operating within the lateral boundaries of surface areas of controlled airspace designated for an airport, when the weather is below 1,000 FT ceiling and visibility is less than 3 SM.3. Maintain clear of clouds and 1/2 milevisibility unless higher minimums arerequired at the airfield.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #10
Action: Select regulations governing flight in an Airport Advisory Area
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW FAR Part 91
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Airport Advisory Area (AAA)
The area around an airport without a control tower, or where the tower is not in
operation, but where a Flight Service Station is located and operational.
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NO CONTROLTOWER IN
OPERATION
10 SM FROMCENTER OF
AIRPORT,SURFACE TOINDEFINITE.
AIRPORT ADVISORY AREA
FSS OPERATIONAL
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Surface to indefinite,horizontal
boundaries 10 SM radius from airport center.
AIRPORT ADVISORY AREAIN
DE
FIN
ITE
10 SM
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Airport Advisory Area Operating Requirements:
• VFR, recommended to maintain two-way radio communications while operating in the Airport Advisory Area.
• Maintain basic VFR cloud clearance requirements for flight altitude.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #11
Action: Select regulations governing flight with Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSA’s)
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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Terminal Radar Service Area
Part of the radar service program atselected airports. The TRSA’s do not fitinto any of the U.S. airspace classes.
Primary airports become Class D airspace.The TRSA will overlie other
controlled airspace, usually Class E.
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CLASS DAT PRIMARY
AIRPORT
TERMINAL RADARSERVICE AREA
SOLID BLACKLINES
LATERALDIMENSIONSAS DEPICTED
VERTICALDIMENSIONSAS CHARTED
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Terminal Radar Service Area Operating Requirements:
• Contact ATC to use services.
• Maintain basic VFR cloud clearance requirements for flight altitude.
• Comply with ATC instructions.
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #12
Action: Select regulations governing flight in Special Use Airspace
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW 14 CFR Part 91
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Special Use Airspace
Special Use Airspace consists of thatairspace wherein activities must be confined because of their nature, or wherein limitations are imposed upon
aircraft operations that are not partof those activities or both.
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BLUE OR MAGENTAFEATHERED LINES
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE
VERTICALDIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATEDIN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTHSIDE OF VFRSECTIONAL
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Prohibited Area
Established for national security reasons.Flight within this area prohibited.
Designated with letter symbol “P” and number designator.
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PROHIBITED AREA
VERTICALDIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATEDIN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTHSIDE OF VFRSECTIONAL
BLUEFEATHERED LINESAND DESIGNATOR
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Restricted Area
Denotes the existence of unusual, ofteninvisible hazards such as aerial gunnery,
artillery, or missile firing. Advance permission required. Designated with the
letter “R” and number designator.
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BLUEFEATHERED LINESAND DESIGNATOR
RESTRICTED AREA
VERTICALDIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATEDIN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTHSIDE OF VFRSECTIONAL
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Warning Area
Denotes airspace over international waterswith hazards similar to restricted areas.Aircraft cannot be restricted from entrysince area is over international waters.Designated with letter symbol “W” and
number designator.
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BLUEFEATHERED LINESAND DESIGNATOR
WARNING AREA
VERTICALDIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATEDIN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTHSIDE OF VFRSECTIONAL
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Alert Area
Alerts pilots to high volume of pilot trainingor unusual activity within the area. Norestrictions on through flight. Pilots are
responsible for collision avoidance.Designated with letter symbol “A” and
number designator.
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BLUEFEATHERED LINESAND DESIGNATOR
ALERT AREA
VERTICALDIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATEDIN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTHSIDE OF VFRSECTIONAL
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Military Operations Area
Alerts pilots to military aircraft which may be performing abrupt maneuvers or
aerobatics. No restrictions to through flight. Designated with letter symbol “MOA” and
name designator.
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MAGENTAFEATHERED LINESAND DESIGNATOR
MILITARY OPERATIONS AREA
VERTICALDIMENSIONS
AS DESIGNATEDIN TABULATED
DATA ON SOUTHSIDE OF VFRSECTIONAL
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Air Defense Identification Zone
Airspace within which the identification,location, and control of aircraft are
required for national security. VFR trafficflying into the ADIZ must file a Defense
VFR (DVFR) flight plan. Designated withmagenta line and magenta dots with words
“Air Defense Identification Zone.”
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MAGENTALINE AND DOTS
AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE
SURFACE TOINDEFINITE
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Questions?
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ENABLING LEARNING OBJECTIVE (ELO) #13
Action: Select regulations governing flight in Temporary Flight Restriction areas
Condition: Given a VFR flight situation
Standard: IAW Aeronautical Information Manual
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What is a TFR?
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Causes for the creation of Temporary Flight Restriction areas
Provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft. This area is
normally limited to within 2000 feet AGL and within a 3-nautical mile radius.
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Protect people and property from existing or imminent hazards
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Prevent unsafe congestion of sightseeing aircraft
Protect VIP’s
Protect space agency operations
Flying in TFR’s could be hazardous to your health
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PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION!
Complete the programmed instruction in your student handout at this time. You will needAR 95-1 and the exerts out of FAR Part 91
in the back of your student handout.
NOTICE!!!THIS PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION
IS TESTABLE MATERIAL!
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