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INVESTIGATION ON THE RHEOLOGY OF DILUTEPARTIALLY HYDROLYZED POLYACRYLAMIDE
SOLUTION
Supervisor: Dr. Zamri bin Abdullah
Internal Examiner: Mr. Azizul bin Buang
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Prepared by: Nor Asyiqin binti Zainal Abidin (13294)
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Background of Study
Problem Statement
Objectives & Scope of Study
Literature Reviews
Methodology
Conclusions
References
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Heraclitus (Greek philosopher) described as panta rei -everything flows.
The deformation and flow of matter.
The term comes from Greek rheos - to flow(Adebowale,2013).
Rheology
Used to describe the consistency of different products.
Including viscosity (thickness) and elasticity (stickiness).
Fluid rheology
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BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Source:
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/aeromech/rheology/rheolog
y.html
http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/aeromech/rheology/rheology.htmlhttp://sydney.edu.au/engineering/aeromech/rheology/rheology.htmlhttp://sydney.edu.au/engineering/aeromech/rheology/rheology.htmlhttp://sydney.edu.au/engineering/aeromech/rheology/rheology.html7/28/2019 Proposal Defence Slides FYP 1
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Polymer flooding is widely used chemical EnhancedOil Recovery (EOR) techniques.
How modulus behavior reflects through thestrength of polymer solution?
There is no specific studies how the viscoelasticity of
HPAM is affected by various concentrations andtemperatures.
To know the trend - Investigate on the rheologicalproperties and modulus behavior effects subjectedto :Master Concentrations (ppm)Diluted Concentrations (ppm)Temperatures (C)
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
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Involves project planning and an experimentalwork.
To investigate the rheological effect of shearand elastic moduli subjected to concentrationand temperature difference.
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OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF STUDY
Source:
http://www.nationstates.net/nation=viscosity
http://www.nationstates.net/nation=viscosityhttp://www.nationstates.net/nation=viscosity7/28/2019 Proposal Defence Slides FYP 1
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OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF STUDY
One key of EOR polymers that makespolymer flooding - most widely used
chemical EOR techniques is itsviscoelasticity.
Viscoelasticity contribute towardsimproved displacement efficiency &
oil recoveryin polymer floodoperations (Veerabhadrappa, 2012).
The contribution of elasticity ofviscoelastic polymers in various
concentrations and temperatureshas still not been investigated yet
Understanding the rheologicalproperties and modulus behavior isimportant to get the best out ofviscoelastic polymers -result inbetter recovery performance.
Significance of theProject
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LITERATURE REVIEW
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HPAM
broadly used asdrag reducing
agent and waterbased mud in
EOR
copolymer ofacrylamide andsodium acrylate
monomers
Contains(-CONH2) and
(-COOH)
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LITERATURE REVIEW
Figure 1: Structure of HPAM (Gao,
2013)
Figure 2: Polymer and EOR
(Polymer EOR, 2010)
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Figure 3: Polymer flooding process (Lindley, 2001)
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VISCOELASTICITY
Intrinsic property of polymerexhibiting both viscous andelastic characteristics when
undergoing deformation(Ferry, 1980).
Polymers are not ideal elasticbodies.
Elasticity deals withmechanical properties of
elastic solids (Hookes Law).
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LITERATURE REVIEW
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When oscillatory shear measurements areperformed in the linear viscoelastic regime,
storage modulus G' (elastic response ofHPAM)
loss modulus G'' (viscous behavior of HPAM)are independent of the strain amplitude(University of Oslo, 1998)
Shear modulus orModulus of Rigidity :
Units: Nm-2 and Pa.
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LITERATURE REVIEW
rainShearingSt
ressShearingStG Modulus,Shear
h l b l
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No Author Title Objective Result
1Santhosh KumarVeerabhadrappa, 2012
Study of Effects of PolymerElasticity on Enhanced OilRecovery by Core Floodingand VisualizationExperiments
To delineate and investigatethe individual effects ofelasticity of seven samples ofHPAM with different AMWtowards improved oil recovery
Polymer with higherelasticity gives higherrecovery. HPAM sampleswith higher AMW will
have higher shearviscosity and elasticity.
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Marcus V. D. Ferreira,Andr L. Martins,Francileide G. da Costa,
Lea Lopes, Marcos S.Figueiredo, BrunoR.F.C. Paula, Mnica F.Naccache
Evaluation of Polymers with
Drag Reduction Potential
To evaluate the rheologicalbehavior of partiallyhydrolyzed polyacrylamide
(PHPA), Xanthan and Diutangums solutions that have dragreduction characteristics
With the increase of theshear rate,PHPA presents
higher viscosifyingcapacity.
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Zhao Feng, Du Yukou,TANG Jian,Li Xingchang & YangPing, 2004
Characterization ofviscoelastic properties ofhydrolyzed polyacrylamideusing the stress recoveryexperiment
To study the effect of HPAMconcentration on theviscoelastic properties ofHPAM solution by tworecovery time using the stressrecovery experiment.
The viscoelasticproperties of HPAMincrease and it becomesstronger with the increaseof HPAM concentration.
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PREVIOUS RESEARCH #1
Table 2: (Veerabhadrappa,2012)
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Viscous Modulus vs. AngularFrequency for HPAM-1 to
HPAM-7
Elastic Modulus vs. AngularFrequency for HPAM-1 to
HPAM-7(Veerabhadrappa,2012)
PREVIOUS RESEARCH #1
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Viscous Modulus vs.Angular Frequency
HPAM-5 to 7 with higheraverage molecular
weight are greater thanHPAM-1 to 4 with lowaverage molecularweight.
HPAM with higher
average molecularweight will have highershear viscosity orviscous modulus .
Elastic Modulus vs.Angular Frequency
HPAM-4 has the highest
elasticity followed by
HPAM-3, HPAM-2 andHPAM-1.
Even same averagemolecular weight,HPAM-7 has the highest
elasticity followed byHPAM-6 and 5(Veerabhadrappa,2012).
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PREVIOUS RESEARCH #1
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Figure 3 : Viscosity curves for all polymers available (Marcus V. D.Ferreira et. al, n.d.)
More shear thinning will present a good drag reduction potential. Xanthan gum is more shear thinning than others .
With the increase of the shear rate at 10s-1, HPAM (PHPA)presents higher viscosifying capacity (Marcus V. D. Ferreira et. al,
n.d.). 16
#2
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Graph of Shear Stress
(Pa) vs Time (s)
Slow recoveryprocess - thereorientation andrecovery movementof HPAM chain coils
Fast recoveryprocess (above) -local recoverymovement of HPAMchain segments.
Results shown
viscoelastic behaviorof HPAM solutionbecomes strongerwith the increase ofthe concentration(Zhao et. al, 2004)
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#3
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Research onrheology of
HPAM
Preparation ofmaster solution
Prepare dilutedsolution from
master solution
Settingtemperatures
Gathering theData
Analyzing Data
Conclusion
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METHODOLOGY
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KEY MILESTONE & GANTT CHART
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Investigating the rheology behavior of HPAM isimportant to investigate the effect of shear andelastic moduli subjected to :
Various master solution concentrations
Diluted solution from master solution
Temperature difference.
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CONCLUSION
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